Journal articles on the topic 'Child created video'
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Chang, Min Cheol, Byung Joo Lee, and Donghwi Park. "The Quality, Reliability, and Accuracy of Videos Regarding Exercises and Management for Dysphagia in Pediatric Populations Uploaded on YouTube." Children 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9101514.
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Objectives: YouTube is well known for providing easy access to various kinds of video content. In this study, we investigated the quality and reliability of videos on YouTube addressing exercise or dysphagia management in the pediatric population. Methods: Video quality and reliability were assessed by using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and a modified DISCERN tool, respectively. The accuracy of the information in each video was also evaluated. Other information, including the video source, length, date of upload, as well as the number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments were investigated, and statistical significance was determined. Results: In total, 22 videos on exercises and dysphagia management in pediatric populations were evaluated; 36.4% and 72.7% of these videos did not have high quality or reliability, respectively. Moreover, half of the videos did not contain accurate information. Even when videos were created by medical specialists, many of these YouTube videos were of low quality, reliability, and accuracy. Conclusion: The reliability, quality, and accuracy of many videos on exercise or dysphagia management in the pediatric population were low. Video creators, especially medical specialists, should strive to create videos with high quality, reliability, and accuracy.
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Luna-Lucero, Myra, Colleen O’Donnell Oppenzato, Colleen Uscianowski, Ma Victoria Almeda, and Herbert P. Ginsburg. "“Magic Math Minute” Videos to Forster Understanding of Early Mathematics Learning." International Journal of Designs for Learning 11, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/ijdl.v11i3.27128.
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Technological advances afford teacher educators, designers, and researchers the opportunity to use videos as an instructional tool to help parents, caregivers, teachers, and other adults support young children’s mathematical development. We created five Magic Math Minute videos to highlight examples of young children’s mathematical thinking and to show how adults can engage children in mathematics conversations. We intended for these videos to inform adults about the ways children explore mathematics and to foster productive adult-child interactions around mathematics. This article documents how we designed five distinct but related formats of a Magic Math Minute video. It describes the video content, design constraints, three online studies evaluating the videos, and how the results of these studies informed revisions to our design.
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Mar, Pamela, Robert Spears, Jeffrey Reeb, Sarah B. Thompson, Paul Myers, and Rita V. Burke. "Creation of a Collaborative Disaster Preparedness Video for Daycare Providers: Use of the Delphi Model for the Creation of a Comprehensive Disaster Preparedness Video for Daycare Providers." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 02 (February 22, 2018): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.9.
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AbstractObjectiveEight million American children under the age of 5 attend daycare and more than another 50 million American children are in school or daycare settings. Emergency planning requirements for daycare licensing vary by state. Expert opinions were used to create a disaster preparedness video designed for daycare providers to cover a broad spectrum of scenarios.MethodsVarious stakeholders (17) devised the outline for an educational pre-disaster video for child daycare providers using the Delphi technique. Fleiss κ values were obtained for consensus data. A 20-minute video was created, addressing the physical, psychological, and legal needs of children during and after a disaster. Viewers completed an anonymous survey to evaluate topic comprehension.ResultsA consensus was attempted on all topics, ranging from elements for inclusion to presentation format. The Fleiss κ value of 0.07 was obtained. Fifty-seven of the total 168 video viewers completed the 10-question survey, with comprehension scores ranging from 72% to 100%.ConclusionEvaluation of caregivers that viewed our video supports understanding of video contents. Ultimately, the technique used to create and disseminate the resources may serve as a template for others providing pre-disaster planning education. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:123–127)
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Welton, Rebekah. "Isaac rebounds: A video game retelling of the Aqedah." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 44, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309089219862803.
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This article engages with a video game retelling of the biblical Aqedah and particularly focuses on the interactive nature of video games. In the game The Binding of Isaac, Isaac runs away from his parent, ‘Mom’, and fights back, which contrasts significantly with the passive and silent Isaac of the biblical text. The interactivity and immersion created by a video game medium has a significant impact on a player’s interpretation of the biblical story. This article argues that the video game depicts the Aqedah as horrific as a means to critique corporal punishment as used in some conservative Christian child-rearing strategies. Unfortunately, the game’s misogynistic portrayal of Isaac’s mother is deeply problematic, which this article also addresses.
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Windari, Fenny, Muhammad Ikhwal, Sri Wahyuni, Rizaldy Putra, and Rosramadhana Rosramadhana. "Pendampingan Anak-anak Mengenal Sejarah Lokal Berbasis Digital Folklore di Kecamatan Medan Barat." JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat) 3, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.36339/je.v3i2.237.
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The child – support activity in an introduction to local history-based folklore aims to increase the interest of children in the race-based reading park, to increase children’s knowledge of local history or folklore, and to instill moral values in the story. The method of execution used in such devoted activities is the preparation, application, and application stage. The result of such devotion is the 5 M ( Reading, Chanting, Watching, Writing and Reprogramming) of the cause for learning about the folklore in northern Sumatra. Further increase children’s creativity by training them to create simple posters of the folklore that they already know about. The next stage of recording sounds to children. This was done because in the process of making each a video character. The sleuthing created an app with posters an a video based on a digital focus lore.
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Agesti, Mika, Winti Ananthia, Desiani N. Muliasari, Charlotte Ambat Harun, and Endah Silawati. "Child’s Sundanese Story Dictation: A Case Study of A 5-Year-Old Indonesian Child." Early Childhood Research Journal (ECRJ) 1, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/ecrj.v1i1.7341.
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This paper is a part of a bigger research about the implementation of story project that attempts to develop children’s critical literacy skill. The discussion in this paper focuses at the implementation of Sundanese story dictation on a 5-year-old child. The present study aims to identify the process of the story dictation, which is conducted for the very first time as a method to help children in expressing their own-created stories. Case study was employed as the research method. The subject of the present study was a 5-year-old boy who speaks Sundanese fluently and can express his ideas orally, in an kindergarten in Kabupaten Bandung. Story dictation was the method used to enable the subject to create a Sundanese story. The data were collected through video-tapped observation, in-depth interview and teacher’s field notes during the process of story dictation. Subsequently, the collected data were analysed. The finding revealed that the subject was able to complete the process of the story dictation voluntarily and could express his own story fluently. The investigation has shown that the created story can be categorised as a very good one.
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Wald, Hedy S., and Brenda Bursch. "Faculty Videos of Resilience Narratives at Two Institutions." International Journal of Innovative Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 1, no. 1 (January 2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitlhe.2020010102.
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Burnout and mental health issues among residents are associated with adverse health consequences and suboptimal job performance, e.g. increased medical error. Given role models as key to cultivating resilience, we created faculty resilience narrative videos within resilience skill training programs, hypothesizing such videos would provide new perspectives/insights on resiliency and humanize attendings in a useful way. Child and adult neurology residents at two institutions positively rated the impact of these faculty videos. Such videos are an innovative and practical way to: 1) provide exemplar role models for learning about coping with physician challenges and gaining insights on resilience; 2) access stories of triumph over challenge for inspiration; and 3) work to achieve local culture change by reducing stigma and increase empathy/connection during training. Successful implementation of this video innovation provides good rationale for further evaluation of impact on local culture, faculty experience, and resident attitudes and behavior.
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Kumar, Maya M., Eyla G. Boies, Mark H. Sawyer, Meredith Kennedy, Christine Williams, and Kyung E. Rhee. "A Brief Provider Training Video Improves Comfort With Recommending the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine." Clinical Pediatrics 58, no. 1 (October 3, 2018): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922818805217.
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The American Academy of Pediatrics California Chapter 3 created a 20-minute training video targeting barriers to strong provider recommendation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The video included clinical vignettes featuring pediatricians modeling counseling techniques with vaccine-hesitant families. Ninety-six multidisciplinary providers (including pediatric residents) at 6 sites viewed the video and completed baseline and posttest questionnaires assessing their vaccine knowledge, attitudes toward vaccination, and comfort with skills needed to facilitate vaccination. Following the intervention, providers had substantial and statistically significant ( P < .05) improvements in multiple areas assessed, particularly knowledge of the burden of HPV-related disease in males and changes in vaccine response with age; likelihood of “strongly agreeing” that vaccination should not be delayed beyond preadolescence and that HPV vaccine is safe; and feeling “very comfortable” counseling vaccine-hesitant parents and facilitating vaccine completion. This cost-effective and easily disseminated training modality shows promise in increasing provider comfort with HPV vaccine counseling.
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Mahendra, Isra, Selviana Selviana, Shelly Ayu Andesty, Nanda Aulia Ramadayanti, Decha Suci Amelia, and Safriansyah Safriansyah. "Establishment of virtual education classes as an effort to prevent stunting in Sutera Village, Sukadana District." Community Empowerment 6, no. 12 (December 28, 2021): 2164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.5466.
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Sutera Village is one of the villages with a high stunting rate located in North Kayong Regency. The stunting cadres that had been formed previously were unable to carry out their duties due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Finally, the prevention model on stunting nutrition problems in the Covid-19 pandemic era was created with the idea of forming virtual classes for stunting cadres through various communication applications using video. The purpose of this community service is to create educational media for cadres as an effort for stunting prevention in Sutera Village, Sukadana District, North Kayong Regency. Education model was carried out with direct learning and virtual with promotional media such as nutritional calendars, learning books, games, educational materials, stunting symptom forms, and video tutorials for monitoring child nutrition. The Wilcoxon test shows the p-value of 0.004 for the knowledge variable and 0.016 for attitude. So, it was concluded that there was an increase in knowledge and attitudes. In other words, the establishment of virtual education classes as an effort to prevent stunting in Sutera Village, Sukadana District, North Kayong Regency is effective in increasing the knowledge and attitudes of stunting cadres.
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Litovuo, Lauri, Nina Karisalmi, Leena Aarikka-Stenroos, and Johanna Kaipio. "Comparing Three Methods to Capture Multidimensional Service Experience in Children’s Health Care: Video Diaries, Narratives, and Semistructured Interviews." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 18 (January 1, 2019): 160940691983511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406919835112.
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Interest in studying experiences has grown rapidly; however, little attention has been paid to the applicability of qualitative methods for capturing the service experience in children’s health care. This study examined and compared three data collection methods to capture the multidimensional service experience of child patients and their families: video diaries with child patients, narrative interviews with parents of a child patient, and semistructured interviews with health-care professionals working with child patients. The methods were analyzed with respect to their benefits and limitations and their applicability for capturing the multidimensional service experience presented by service experience co-creation framework, including the temporal, factual, spatial, locus, control, and organizational dimensions. The key findings are as follows: (A) The video diary method has the potential to capture the temporally broad and spatially complex phenomenon of child patients’ service experience and enables researchers to capture service experience created beyond the hospital setting (e.g., through hobbies or in school). (B) Narratives with parents have the potential to capture the temporal, spatial, locus, and organizational dimensions through stories and are well-suited for mapping children’s experiences and the actors influencing them. (C) Semistructured interviews with health-care professionals have the potential to capture a generalized but temporally narrow view of the service experience of child patients, concentrating on experiences within hospital settings. This is beneficial for developing health-care service providers’ actions. Structured analysis and comparison of methods guides researchers to select appropriate methods to take a complementary approach in the understanding of experiences in the context of children’s health care.
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Masson, Caroline, Sandrine Laverdure, and Catherine Calderaro-Viel. "Étayage de l'adulte et multimodalité : étude exploratoire des modalités d'interaction dans le cadre d'une prise en charge d'un enfant avec retard de langage." Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, no. 66 (January 1, 2017): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2017.2903.
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The aim of this article is to explore adult/child interactions in a therapeutic situation with an augmentative communication that integrates vocal, gestural and visual modes. This study has an interactionist and multimodal approach of language acquisition. Based on ecological and video data of a child with language delay from 3;09 to 4;05, we analyse efficient conditions for the process of language acquisition. On the one hand, we showed how multimodality created by the situation is part of adults' strategies in order to facilitate linguistics forms and, on the other hand, how some modalities of interaction are more efficient than others (i.e. expansions and extensions). The purpose is to establish scaffolding and adjustment schemes that contribute to the emergence of language, in addition to the multimodal support.
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Sugianto, Felicia. "The Exploration of Semiotics in Film to Convey Moral Massage in Bintang Jatuh Short Fiction." IMOVICCON Conference Proceeding 1, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.37312/imoviccon.v1i1.23.
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Andre Bazin once said in his book that human has a tendency to preserve a life in a form of statuary or in any kind of forms. The invention by Auguste and Lumiere of the moving picture is a point where moving picture is regarded as the perfect form of expression and representation of life, not only it captures the reality as a whole, but also gives the creator space to manipulate. Moving pictures grows and develops into cinema and not merely just a preservation of life, rather it is an expression of the reality in a form of art as new medium of communication.
The civilization that we live now is almost impossible to imagine without the contribution of the internet that created many platforms that allows us to share parts of our life. Big platforms like Instagram and YouTube creates a worldwide sensation such as 'influencer' in which a person who has the power to affects their audience mainly for marketing purpose. The level of the influence mostly determined by the numbers of the followers. In some cases, parents are tempted to share their children activity in social media to showcase their children. However, in some occasion children are unwillingly to share their private life. This action could lead to child exploitation even abusing the children for the sake of fame and fortune.
Bintang Jatuh is a short fiction that reflects the society's behavior towards social media more specifically the sensation created by influencers which is known as 'selebgram' in Indonesia. Besides, becoming an influencer does not have an age restriction, hence everyone can be an influencer. Child influencer, which sparks a lot of criticism on the style of parenting todays. Many accuse the parents of exploiting their own children by gaining profits from sharing their children's photo and video online. The case goes deeper than just sharing photos or videos, public questioning the effectiveness of parental control to protect their children's privacy online.
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Coley, Catherine, Staci Kovelman, Justine Belschner, Kevin Cleary, Manon Schladen, Sarah Helen Evans, Tyler Salvador, et al. "PedBotHome: A Video Game–Based Robotic Ankle Device Created for Home Exercise in Children With Neurological Impairments." Pediatric Physical Therapy 34, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pep.0000000000000881.
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Elliott, Sarah A., Kelsey S. Wright, Shannon D. Scott, and Lisa Hartling. "Perspectives From French and Filipino Parents on the Adaptation of Child Health Knowledge Translation Tools: Qualitative Exploration." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 3 (March 25, 2022): e33156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33156.
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Background A number of evidence-based knowledge translation (KT) tools for parents of children with acute health conditions have been developed. These tools were created and tested with parental input and disseminated to groups proficient in English. Therefore, it is unclear whether they are useful for populations that are more diverse. To enhance the reach of our current and future KT tools, language translation and cultural adaptations may promote relevance for previously underserved knowledge users. Objective This study aims to explore and understand considerations for the cultural and linguistic adaptation of a KT tool in French and Filipino communities. Methods A KT tool (whiteboard animation video) describing the signs and symptoms of croup was originally developed in English to provide parents with evidence-based information couched within a narrative reflecting parents’ experiences with the condition. This KT tool was adapted (linguistics and imagery) for French- and Tagalog-speaking parents and caregivers through feedback from key stakeholders. The videos were presented to the respective language speakers for usability testing and discussion. Participants were asked to view the KT tool, complete a usability survey, and participate in semistructured interviews. Audio recordings from the interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and analyzed for relevant themes by using thematic analysis. Results French- (n=13) and Tagalog-speaking (n=13) parents completed the usability survey and were interviewed. Although analyzed separately, both data sets produced similar findings, with key themes relating to understanding, relatability, and accessibility. Both the French and Tagalog groups reported that the video and other KT tools were useful in their adapted forms. Participants in both groups cautioned against using verbatim vocabulary and suggested that cultural competency and understanding of health languages were essential for high-quality translations. Parents also discussed their preference for videos with diverse visual representations of families, home environments, and health care workers, as such videos represent their communities more broadly. Conclusions French and Filipino parents appreciated having KT tools in their first language; however, they were also supportive of the use of English KT products. Their suggestions for improving the relatability and communication of health messages are important considerations for the development and adaptation of future KT products. Understanding the needs of the intended end users is a crucial first step in producing relevant tools for health evidence dissemination.
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Salehi, Pegah, Syed Zohaib Hassan, Myrthe Lammerse, Saeed Shafiee Sabet, Ingvild Riiser, Ragnhild Klingenberg Røed, Miriam S. Johnson, et al. "Synthesizing a Talking Child Avatar to Train Interviewers Working with Maltreated Children." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6020062.
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When responding to allegations of child sexual, physical, and psychological abuse, Child Protection Service (CPS) workers and police personnel need to elicit detailed and accurate accounts of the abuse to assist in decision-making and prosecution. Current research emphasizes the importance of the interviewer’s ability to follow empirically based guidelines. In doing so, it is essential to implement economical and scientific training courses for interviewers. Due to recent advances in artificial intelligence, we propose to generate a realistic and interactive child avatar, aiming to mimic a child. Our ongoing research involves the integration and interaction of different components with each other, including how to handle the language, auditory, emotional, and visual components of the avatar. This paper presents three subjective studies that investigate and compare various state-of-the-art methods for implementing multiple aspects of the child avatar. The first user study evaluates the whole system and shows that the system is well received by the expert and highlights the importance of its realism. The second user study investigates the emotional component and how it can be integrated with video and audio, and the third user study investigates realism in the auditory and visual components of the avatar created by different methods. The insights and feedback from these studies have contributed to the refined and improved architecture of the child avatar system which we present here.
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Deshpande, Sameer, Tanya R. Berry, Guy E. J. Faulkner, Amy E. Latimer-Cheung, Ryan E. Rhodes, and Mark S. Tremblay. "Comparing the Influence of Dynamic and Static Versions of Media in Evaluating Physical-Activity-Promotion Ads." Social Marketing Quarterly 21, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500415599376.
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Although social marketing promotion efforts are typically evaluated online using either finished video or static images, limited evidence exists whether media type influences audience response. In a posttest-only experimental study with a nationally representative sample of 663 Canadian mothers of 5- to 11-year-old children, participants were randomly assigned to one of two media conditions consisting of Think Again physical-activity Public Service Announcements created by ParticipACTION. Mothers reported campaign recall, ad liking, motivation to respond to the ad (i.e., assist one’s child to get at least 60 min of physical activity every day), and their support behaviors. Data were analyzed using χ2 and independent samples t-tests. Those exposed to the video version of the ad in comparison to the static image reported higher message recall and liking, and motivation to respond. There were no differences in parental support behaviors. Social marketing promotion efforts should be evaluated using the same format as the media message originally used. The study concludes that media type influences findings when evaluating social marketing promotion campaigns.
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Sullivan, Cari R., Rebecca Schlesinger, and Jaclyn Janulewicz. "Commentary on “PedBotHome: A Video Game–Based Robotic Ankle Device Created for Home Exercise in Children With Neurological Impairments”." Pediatric Physical Therapy 34, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pep.0000000000000898.
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Vollmer, Tanja C., and Gemma Koppen. "The Parent–Child Patient Unit (PCPU): Evidence-Based Patient Room Design and Parental Distress in Pediatric Cancer Centers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 9993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199993.
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Children with cancer are frequently hospitalized during diagnosis and treatment. Since the early 1980s, parents are co-admitted because their presence positively affects children’s adjustment to hospitalization and reduces post-traumatic stress. However, the size and overall architectural design of the rooms were never adapted to the doubling of the occupancy rate. Since studies show that many parents experience high levels of distress due to their child’s illness, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the architecture of the aged patient rooms on parental distress. A video observation targeted parent–child interaction related to five architectural determinants: (a) function and place of interaction, (b) distance between parent and child, (c) used space, (d) withdrawal, and (e) duration of the interaction. A total of 22 families were included in two Dutch children’s hospitals. Results show a significant association between parental distress and three architectural determinants: The less anxious the parents were and the better they estimated their child’s well-being, the more distance they created between themselves and their child, and the more space, privacy, and withdrawal options were used. These findings are discussed within a new patient room typology, the parent–child patient unit (PCPU), which reacts to the evident association of parental distress and the design.
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Ryan, Leticia Manning, Barry S. Solomon, Susan Ziegfeld, Andrea Gielen, Lauren Malloy, Daniel Foster, and Eileen McDonald. "Evaluation of a Culturally Tailored Educational Video Intervention to Promote Bike Helmet Safety for Urban Children: A Pilot Study." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 6 (May 17, 2020): 872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839920920304.
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Bicycle-related falls are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Use of bicycle helmets substantially reduces risk of severe traumatic brain injury but compliance with this safety practice is particularly low in urban children. Given the lack of educational interventions for urban youth, our research team created a youth-informed, culturally relevant educational video on bike helmet safety, which was informed by focus groups with Baltimore City youth. This video, You Make the Call, linked the concept of use of cases to protect phones to use of helmets to protect heads and can be viewed at http://bit.ly/2Kr7UCN . The impact of the video as part of an intervention (coupled with a free helmet, fit instructions, and a parent guidance document) was tested with 20 parent–child dyads. The majority (80%) of youth (mean age 9.9 ± 1.8 years) reported not owning or wearing a helmet. At 1-month follow-up (n = 12, 60% response rate), helmet use was higher in the five youth reporting bike-riding after the intervention; 100% “always” used helmets compared to 0% preintervention. There were increases in youth reporting that parents required helmet use (35% pre vs. 67% post) and that is was possible to fall when bike-riding (60% pre vs. 92% post). These pilot results support the use of this video and educational intervention along with further evaluation in a larger sample size. This youth-informed and culturally tailored approach could be explored as a strategy to address other pediatric injury topics.
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L., J. F. "PROFESSORS BATTLING TELEVISION TECHNOLOGY." Pediatrics 95, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.6.887.
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Questions about the extent to which technology will displace college professors have led to the resignation of the chancellor of the University of Maine in what some see as a forerunner to conflicts at other colleges. Under a plan by Chancellor J. Michael Orenduff, the University of Maine would have created an eighth campus, this one without buildings or professors, but using only two-way televised classes. Rather than add a class in say, economics at one campus, students would simply watch its broadcast from another campus. ... universities are experimenting with what has come to be called distance learning or video-conferencing—the use of two-way television and two-way audio to replicate the classroom while permitting students to remain at home or at remote places.
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Aminah, Ratih Siti, and Muslim . "Parents and Adolescents Pattern of Interpersonal Communication in The Restriction of Smartphone Usage." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v1i1.374.
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Communication can be the media of proximity of parents and children. Parents will feel comfortable because they feel the child needs and love him. Conversely, the child will feel happy to get the attention of his parents. The development of communication technology led to a new style of communication style. Parent and child communication is no longer done face-to-face at the dinner table or in the living room. The role of interpersonal communication of parents and children began to shift since the presence of a smart tool that was created able to perform many activities.Communication patterns between adolescent boys and girls tend to be different Young men and women have different tendencies in smartphone use. Female teenagers are more dominant using social media to upload good photographs with friends or photos themselves. Young men use smartphones to play games, download songs, movies or video clips. Teenagers in Indonesia (40-50 percent) is a community of hp (smartphone) users. Teenagers use social media that includes instant messengers like LINE, Instagram, Twitter and other apps like Facebook, Youtube, Vlog and more. There are three patterns of communication that parents do in limiting the use of smartphones in adolescents. The patterns are Authoritarian communication patterns, Democratic communication patterns and Permissive Communication Patterns.Keywords: Communication Patterns, smartphones, restrictions
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Burbank, Ben, Debra McGregor, and Mary Wild. "‘My special, my special thing, and my camera!’ Using GoPro™ as a complementary research tool to investigate young children’s museum experiences." Museum and Society 16, no. 3 (November 21, 2018): 311–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v16i3.2792.
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This paper discusses insights derived from a small-scale ethnographic study designed to explore young children’s (aged three to six) everyday, lived experiences within a participatory family museum in southern England. Inspired by the child-centred work of Kirk (2014) this paper begins by examining the effectiveness of photo-elicitation interviews in accessing ‘snap-shots’ of children’s perspectives of their museum visits. In the current study this method is complemented by the use of chest-mounted GoPro cameras to provide a first person and more holistic perspective of children’s museum visits. 12 children’s visits were filmed in total. During three of these, children were also carrying child-friendly digital cameras. As this was part of a larger study the data collection was designed to compare the utility of GoPro technology being used in tandem with both photo and drawing-elicitation. In response to these initial findings a photo-map of the museum was created to prompt discussion with the final six participants. Recruitment was purposive and there was no contact with the participants prior to them arriving at the museum. The video captured by the chest-mounted Go-Pro cameras is particularly illuminating when analysed in the context of the post-visit interview data. Although the photo-elicitation and drawing-elicitation interviews do reveal some important details about the children’s experiences and perspectives, the video footage highlights the difficulties with relying on these methods in an everyday museum setting. For example parental involvement in the children’s photography is far more pervasive than might be expected, and the degree to which the camera affects the nature of the children’s visits is notable. The video also reveals how easy it is to misinterpret children when relying solely on their recollections in an interview situation. This paper finishes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of using Go-Pro technology as a complementary tool in the exploration of young children’s museum experiences.
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Washington, Peter, Haik Kalantarian, John Kent, Arman Husic, Aaron Kline, Emilie Leblanc, Cathy Hou, et al. "Improved Digital Therapy for Developmental Pediatrics Using Domain-Specific Artificial Intelligence: Machine Learning Study." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 5, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): e26760. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26760.
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Background Automated emotion classification could aid those who struggle to recognize emotions, including children with developmental behavioral conditions such as autism. However, most computer vision emotion recognition models are trained on adult emotion and therefore underperform when applied to child faces. Objective We designed a strategy to gamify the collection and labeling of child emotion–enriched images to boost the performance of automatic child emotion recognition models to a level closer to what will be needed for digital health care approaches. Methods We leveraged our prototype therapeutic smartphone game, GuessWhat, which was designed in large part for children with developmental and behavioral conditions, to gamify the secure collection of video data of children expressing a variety of emotions prompted by the game. Independently, we created a secure web interface to gamify the human labeling effort, called HollywoodSquares, tailored for use by any qualified labeler. We gathered and labeled 2155 videos, 39,968 emotion frames, and 106,001 labels on all images. With this drastically expanded pediatric emotion–centric database (>30 times larger than existing public pediatric emotion data sets), we trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) computer vision classifier of happy, sad, surprised, fearful, angry, disgust, and neutral expressions evoked by children. Results The classifier achieved a 66.9% balanced accuracy and 67.4% F1-score on the entirety of the Child Affective Facial Expression (CAFE) as well as a 79.1% balanced accuracy and 78% F1-score on CAFE Subset A, a subset containing at least 60% human agreement on emotions labels. This performance is at least 10% higher than all previously developed classifiers evaluated against CAFE, the best of which reached a 56% balanced accuracy even when combining “anger” and “disgust” into a single class. Conclusions This work validates that mobile games designed for pediatric therapies can generate high volumes of domain-relevant data sets to train state-of-the-art classifiers to perform tasks helpful to precision health efforts.
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Ige, Teminijesu John, Patrice DeLeon, and Laura Nabors. "Motivational Interviewing in an Obesity Prevention Program for Children." Health Promotion Practice 18, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839916647330.
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After-school programs are an ideal setting for childhood obesity prevention interventions. This qualitative study examined the implementation of a training technique in the Children’s Healthy Eating and Exercise Program: motivational interviewing. Participants included 19 children in Grades 3 through 5, nine coaches enrolled in university health education classes, and four parents. Nine lessons were presented during the fall session (N = 5) and eight during the spring (N = 14), with five individual coaching sessions per child. From September, 2014 through April 2015, child and coach perceptions were assessed using goal sheets, surveys, a focus group, and the analysis of the video recording of a health habit commercial created by teams of children grouped by gender. Children developed weekly eating and exercise goals with coaches and reported on their progress the following week. Following the intervention, children reported improved eating and exercise habits and coaches reported they learned more about healthy food options for themselves. Overall, children responded positively to the motivational interviewing. Involving teachers may allow for dissemination of lessons and reinforcement for healthy choices during the school day. Involving parents in training may remove roadblocks to healthy lifestyle changes for children for nonschool hours and when packing lunches.
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Shlegel, Nikita, and Pavel Strizhak. "Collisions of water drops in a gas-vapor environment at high temperatures and vapor concentrations." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191110200s.
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The study of the characteristics of secondary droplet atomization, leading to formation of an aerosol cloud of polydisperse child droplets appears to be promising. It is topical to assess the influence of properties of liquid and gas medium on the position of transition boundaries between the regimes of drop collisions and characteristics of the formed child droplets. This article presents the experimental results for the characteristics of drop collisions at various temperatures of the liquid and gas-vapor mixture and water vapor concentration in the latter with the aim of developing the prospective heat and mass transfer gas-vapor technologies. For this purpose, we have created the experimental setup that allows varying the relative humidity of gas-vapor mixture in the area of drop collisions from 20% to 100%, its temperature from 20?C to 100?C and the temperature of the liquid from 20?C to 90?C. The test fluid is water. The collisions are recorded by a high-speed video camera. The consequences of collision and the boundaries between them on the regime maps are determined in accordance using the approach, distinguishing: bounce, coalescence, separation, and disruption.
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Dwiarsianti, Amanda. "Sharenting dan Privasi Anak: Studi Netnografi pada Unggahan Instagram dengan Tagar #Anakku." Jurnal Komunikasi Global 11, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jkg.v11i1.24803.
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Perkembangan Social Networking Sites (SNS) telah melahirkan praktik baru dalam pengasuhan yang dinamakan sharenting. Praktik sharenting mengacu pada tindakan orang tua yang kerap membagikan foto atau video anaknya ke media sosial. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan dampak positif dan negatif dari sharenting. Salah satu kekhawatiran dari praktik sharenting adalah permasalahan privasi anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan memaparkan sharenting yang dilakukan oleh orang tua dari kalangan biasa di Indonesia dengan menganalisis jejak digital yang ditinggalkan di Instagram melalui penggunaan tagar #anakku dan dikaitkan juga dengan permasalahan privasi anak. Metode netnografi digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mempelajari budaya dari pengguna media digital dari jejak daring. Hasil penelitian menemukan ada lima kategori unggahan sharenting di Instagram dengan tagar #anakku. Sejumlah unggahan yang ditemukan menunjukkan kurang adanya kesadaran orang tua dalam menjaga privasi anaknya dalam unggahan mereka di Instagram.The development of Social Networking Sites (SNS) has created a new practice in parenting called sharenting. Sharenting refers to the actions of parents publicizing photos or videos of their children on social media. Various studies have shown the positive and negative impacts of sharenting. One of the growing concerns of sharenting is the issue of child privacy. This study aims to describe sharenting by parents in Indonesia by analyzing digital footprints on Instagram through the #anakku hashtag and discuss it with child privacy issues. The netnography method is used in this research to study the culture of digital media users from online footprints. The results of the study found five categories of sharenting posts on Instagram with the hashtag #anakku. The results also revealed the lack of awareness of parents to protect their children's privacy on Instagram.
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Tang, Shinyi, Dawn Landery, Gail Covington, and Jessica Ward. "The Use of a Video for Discharge Education for Parents After Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 36, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043454218818059.
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Background: Caring for a child at home after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is challenging for parents, and discharge education is critical to ensure parents are prepared. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a discharge video intervention (DVI) as an adjunct to standard discharge teaching (SDT). Method: A two-phase study was conducted at an urban children’s hospital in the western United States. Phase 1 involved SDT alone followed by nurse-administered proficiency testing of parent knowledge in caring for their children at home using a 4-point Likert-type scale of parents of children post-allogeneic HSCT. These results informed the DVI, created in English and Spanish in Phase 2. The DVI content included topics on home cleaning, notifying the medical team, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), diet and visitor restrictions, and outpatient visits. In Phase 2, the DVI was viewable by parents who also received SDT. Parents’ proficiency was evaluated using the same procedure as in Phase 1. Results: Thirty-four parents participated: 17 in Phase 1 (SDT), 17 in Phase 2 (SDT + DVI). The DVI was viewed by parents in Phase 2 approximately twice prior to discharge. Parents in Phase 2 had higher proficiency scores on home cleaning, signs/symptoms of GVHD, and diet restriction. Parents in Phase 1 had higher proficiency regarding notifying the team. Conclusions: The DVI was feasible and demonstrated incremental increases in parent’s proficiency related to some discharge topics.
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Cohen, Alexander, Daniel Kenney-Jung, Hugo Botha, and Jan-Mendelt Tillema. "NeuroDebian Virtual Machine Deployment Facilitates Trainee-Driven Bedside Neuroimaging Research." Journal of Child Neurology 32, no. 1 (September 29, 2016): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073816668113.
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Freely available software, derived from the past 2 decades of neuroimaging research, is significantly more flexible for research purposes than presently available clinical tools. Here, we describe and demonstrate the utility of rapidly deployable analysis software to facilitate trainee-driven translational neuroimaging research. A recipe and video tutorial were created to guide the creation of a NeuroDebian-based virtual computer that conforms to current neuroimaging research standards and can exist within a HIPAA-compliant system. This allows for retrieval of clinical imaging data, conversion to standard file formats, and rapid visualization and quantification of individual patients’ cortical and subcortical anatomy. As an example, we apply this pipeline to a pediatric patient’s data to illustrate the advantages of research-derived neuroimaging tools in asking quantitative questions “at the bedside.” Our goal is to provide a path of entry for trainees to become familiar with common neuroimaging tools and foster an increased interest in translational research.
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Lakkapragada, Anish, Aaron Kline, Onur Cezmi Mutlu, Kelley Paskov, Brianna Chrisman, Nathaniel Stockham, Peter Washington, and Dennis Paul Wall. "The Classification of Abnormal Hand Movement to Aid in Autism Detection: Machine Learning Study." JMIR Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): e33771. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33771.
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Background A formal autism diagnosis can be an inefficient and lengthy process. Families may wait several months or longer before receiving a diagnosis for their child despite evidence that earlier intervention leads to better treatment outcomes. Digital technologies that detect the presence of behaviors related to autism can scale access to pediatric diagnoses. A strong indicator of the presence of autism is self-stimulatory behaviors such as hand flapping. Objective This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of deep learning technologies for the detection of hand flapping from unstructured home videos as a first step toward validation of whether statistical models coupled with digital technologies can be leveraged to aid in the automatic behavioral analysis of autism. To support the widespread sharing of such home videos, we explored privacy-preserving modifications to the input space via conversion of each video to hand landmark coordinates and measured the performance of corresponding time series classifiers. Methods We used the Self-Stimulatory Behavior Dataset (SSBD) that contains 75 videos of hand flapping, head banging, and spinning exhibited by children. From this data set, we extracted 100 hand flapping videos and 100 control videos, each between 2 to 5 seconds in duration. We evaluated five separate feature representations: four privacy-preserved subsets of hand landmarks detected by MediaPipe and one feature representation obtained from the output of the penultimate layer of a MobileNetV2 model fine-tuned on the SSBD. We fed these feature vectors into a long short-term memory network that predicted the presence of hand flapping in each video clip. Results The highest-performing model used MobileNetV2 to extract features and achieved a test F1 score of 84 (SD 3.7; precision 89.6, SD 4.3 and recall 80.4, SD 6) using 5-fold cross-validation for 100 random seeds on the SSBD data (500 total distinct folds). Of the models we trained on privacy-preserved data, the model trained with all hand landmarks reached an F1 score of 66.6 (SD 3.35). Another such model trained with a select 6 landmarks reached an F1 score of 68.3 (SD 3.6). A privacy-preserved model trained using a single landmark at the base of the hands and a model trained with the average of the locations of all the hand landmarks reached an F1 score of 64.9 (SD 6.5) and 64.2 (SD 6.8), respectively. Conclusions We created five lightweight neural networks that can detect hand flapping from unstructured videos. Training a long short-term memory network with convolutional feature vectors outperformed training with feature vectors of hand coordinates and used almost 900,000 fewer model parameters. This study provides the first step toward developing precise deep learning methods for activity detection of autism-related behaviors.
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Boendermaker, Leonieke, and Erwin Landman. "Video Feedback to Enhance Fidelity in Practice-Based Interventions for Young People, a Small-n Study." SAGE Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 215824402110693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211069387.
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Competent delivery of interventions in child and youth social care is important, due to the direct effect on client outcomes. This is acknowledged in evidence-based interventions (EBI) when, post-training, continued support is available to ensure competent delivery of the intervention. In addition to EBI, practice-based interventions (PBI) are used in the Netherlands. The current paper discusses to what extent competent delivery of PBI can be influenced by introducing supervision for professionals. This study used a mixed-method design: (1) A small- n study consisting of six participants in a non-concurrent multiple baseline design (MBL). Professionals were asked to record conversations with clients during a baseline period (without supervision) and an intervention period (with supervision). Visual inspection, the non-overlap of all pairs (NAP), and the Combinatorial Inference Technique (CIT) scores were calculated. (2) Qualitative interviews with the six participants, two supervisors, and one lead supervisor focused on the feasibility of the supervision. Four of six professionals showed improvement in treatment fidelity or one of its sub-scales. Had all participants shown progress, this could have been interpreted as an indication that targeted support of professionals contributes to increasing treatment integrity. Interviews have shown that supervision increased the professionals’ enthusiasm, self-confidence, and awareness of working with the core components of the intervention. The study has shown that supervision can be created for PBI and that this stimulates professionals to work with the core components of the intervention. The heterogeneous findings on intervention fidelity can be the result of supervision being newly introduced.
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Lisboa, Tania, Caitlin Shaughnessy, Angela Voyajolu, and Adam Ockelford. "Promoting the Musical Engagement of Autistic Children in the Early Years Through a Program of Parental Support: An Ecological Research Study." Music & Science 4 (January 1, 2021): 205920432110173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20592043211017362.
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Some autistic children display an intuitive capacity to reproduce and restyle the musical stimuli that they encounter in their environments. Music also offers a safe space for the development of social competencies and, across the spectrum, musical interventions are regarded as an effective way of promoting engagement with others. Yet, there is a lack of empirically researched music programs for parents and carers of children with autism. In this study, 11 families with autistic children incorporated music making into everyday life, supported by researcher-practitioners and framed by resources outlining musical activities based on the Sounds of Intent in the Early Years framework. Assessment of video data and interviews revealed that the new resources were flexible enough to be adapted to each child and they helped parents to build confidence to engage with their children musically. It was found that children had an increased interest and engagement in music as well as in joint play, which impacted positively on their musical and social development. The interpersonal music spaces created by the parents provided opportunities for unlocking expressiveness and interactive behavior, which in turn supported verbal development, emotional regulation and social interaction. These findings have implications for arts-in-health research and highlight the potentially crucial role of parents as mentors for their child’s musical development. The study further demonstrates that specialist musical training is not a requirement to develop parent–child engagement in music making at home.
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Patton, Susana R., Andrew McConville, Arwen M. Marker, Alexandra D. Monzon, Kimberly A. Driscoll, and Mark A. Clements. "Reducing Emotional Distress for Childhood Hypoglycemia in Parents (REDCHiP): Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial to Test a Video-Based Telehealth Intervention." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): e17877. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17877.
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Background Despite the introduction of new insulin analogs, insulin pumps, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) remain vulnerable to episodes of hypoglycemia because of their unpredictable eating and activity patterns and high degree of insulin sensitivity. Caregivers and young children living with T1D learn to fear hypoglycemia because it is uncomfortable, unpredictable, and dangerous. Up to 60% of caregivers of young children with T1D report moderate to severe levels of fear of hypoglycemia, and caregiver fear of hypoglycemia relates to lower quality of life for families and suboptimal child glycemic control. Yet, until recently, there have been no studies reporting on a targeted intervention to treat caregiver fear of hypoglycemia in families of young children. Objective The aim of this project is to conduct a randomized clinical trial of an innovative, video-based telehealth intervention to treat fear of hypoglycemia in caregivers of young children with T1D versus a relevant, age-appropriate attention control intervention. Methods We created the Reducing Emotional Distress for Childhood Hypoglycemia in Parents (REDCHiP) intervention by merging age-appropriate T1D education and behavioral parenting strategies with cognitive behavioral therapy strategies that are effective for reducing fear and promoting adaptive coping. REDCHiP uses 10 video-based telehealth sessions that are a combination of group and individual sessions. We will recruit up to 180 families of young children with T1D to participate in this clinical trial from two pediatric diabetes clinics located in the midwestern and southern United States. Once families have been enrolled, we will randomize caregivers based on child age (age 2-3 years or 4-5 years), child sex, and family CGM use to participate in the REDCHiP or attention control intervention. Families will complete 3 assessment visits that coincide with study entry, end of treatment, and 3-month posttreatment. At each assessment visit, we will collect questionnaire data from caregivers, accelerometry data from caregivers and children, CGM data from children, and a blood sample to measure glycated hemoglobin levels from children. Results Recruitment began in July 2019, and enrollment is ongoing. The first wave of intervention delivery began in December 2019. We anticipate completing enrollment in 2023. Final reporting of results will occur within 12 months of the primary completion date. Conclusions If the REDCHiP intervention is efficacious, next steps will be to examine multiple implementation strategies to determine how best to disseminate the intervention to pediatric diabetes clinics around the world. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03914547; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03914547 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/17877
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Günther-Hanssen, Anna. "A swing and a child: how scientific phenomena can come to matter for preschool children’s emergent science identities." Cultural Studies of Science Education 15, no. 4 (October 4, 2020): 885–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11422-020-09980-w.
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AbstractThe focus of this study is the co-actings of a 5-year-old girl, a swing, and physical phenomena. The study explores how the swing and physical phenomena worked as co-creators of the girl’s scientific explorations as well as her bodily capacities and identity construction. Empirically, the study makes use of a video sequence generated during a field study in a Swedish preschool with 5-year-old children. The field study focused on the children’s play and explorations together with the preschool environment, during activities not specifically guided by teachers. To conceptualize children’s emergent scientific learning as mutual with their identity construction and as being co-created together with nonhuman agents, the study combines perspectives from new materialism, emergent science, physics, and gender theory. As a theoretical and methodological foundation, a new materialist perspective drawing on Karen Barad’s (Meeting the universe halfway. Quantum physics of the entanglement of matter and meaning, Duke University Press, London, 2007) theory of agential realism and diffractive methodology were used, as well as Elizabeth de Freitas and Anna Palmer’s (Cult Stud Sci Educ 11(4):1201–1222, 2016. 10.1007/s11422-014-9652-6) notion concerning how scientific concepts can work as creative playmates in children’s explorations. The findings show how the girl, together with the swing, could experience and explore various physical phenomena as well as, extend her bodily capacities and become brave and strong. As such, new materialism shows how scientific phenomena can create affordances for an individual’s becomings as scientific as well as how “becoming scientific” can be understood. At the same time, the findings also indicate the importance of teachers not assuming that scientific phenomena are automatically part of children’s play or can be experienced by all children all the time. The explored situation was rare. On most occasions, the girl did not get the same kind of experiences with the swing because of gender norms. I argue that norms and discourses connected to science and gender are not things that “come with” older children or are only introduced by adults. These are instead already in the making and re-making within children’s co-actings with the material-discursive environment in preschool. It is therefore important that teachers engage in children’s embodied play with scientific phenomena, with the aim to empower the children, their bodies, capacities and (science) identities.
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Hutahaean, Erik Saut H., Djamaloedin Ancok, Matrissya Hermita, and Dian Kemala Putri. "Regulation of Emotions in Crowd Control Police." Asian Social Work Journal 7, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v7i4.218.
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Emotion is an important factor for achieving positive performance. Especially crowd control police performance. In certain situations, there is confrontation and violence. A narrative of riots was created, because police clashed with demonstrators. The emotion regulation and their physiological indicators becomes a co-occurring phenomenon in a riot of demonstrations. Police anger in violent demonstration situations needs to be clearly mapped. This study intends to map the dominance of emotion regulation by involving heart rate indicators. Riot demonstration stimulus was given to participants to stimulate aggressive impulses, heart rate was measured when participants watched the video. Research participants come from Crowd Control Police in the Jakarta working area. Research data is tested by correlating emotion regulation with heart rate, provocation, and impulsive aggression. The results found the dominance of emotion regulation to other variables. The pulsating impulse of the riot stimulus effect is suppressed by emotion regulation. Research findings recommend the need to optimize the role of emotion regulation in dealing with violent demonstration situations. Optimization is done to apply emotion regulation consistently. Optimization to apply emotion regulation consistently
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Olfert, Melissa, Rebecca Hagedorn, Emily Clegg, Shannon Ackerman, and Cheryl Brown. "Choice Architecture in Appalachian High Schools: Evaluating and Improving Cafeteria Environments." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010147.
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School meals are a primary source of nutrition for many adolescents. Determining factors that influence the selection of various foods can provide insight on strategies to improve students’ cafeteria choices. This evaluation and observation was conducted at three Appalachian high schools to assess the cafeteria environment. The study developed and implemented an assessment tool created using principles of choice architecture and behavioral economics building on the work of the Cornell Center for Behavioral Economics in Child Nutrition Programs (BEN Center). The assessment tool scored eight components of the lunchroom—the exterior, hot serving area, cold serving area, salad bar, beverage area, payment station, dining area and grab-n-go, where a higher score equals healthier components offered. High school (HS) #1 earned 73/128 points (57%), HS #2 earned 69/128 (54%), and HS #3 earned 53/102 (52%). HS #3 did not have a grab-n-go option and the final score was out of 102. Video observation was used to collect data on lunchroom activity during mealtimes. Each school received reports that highlight the results and suggest improvements to raise their score. The scoring tool represents a novel way to assess the health of school lunches, provide insights on how to improve the healthfulness of students’ lunch choice, and improve overall nutrition status.
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Robinson, Marla R., Kyran Quinlan, Gina Lowell, Lawrence Gottlieb, Annemarie O’Connor, and Nancy A. Cowles. "621 Successfully Advocating to Make Microwave Ovens “child-resistant” to Protect Young Children from Severe Scalds." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S154—S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.245.
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Abstract Introduction Scald burn injuries are the leading cause of burn-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations for young children. An increasing portion of these injuries occur when children are removing items from microwave ovens. Many of these occur on the face/chest and can have lifelong physical, functional, aesthetic and psychological consequences. Over the past 15 years we have published a series of studies supporting our advocacy for a change in microwave oven design to protect children from severe scalds. Requiring microwave oven doors to be more difficult for a child to open would help to protect young children from these types of burn injuries. Our analysis of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System found an estimated 7000 young children were treated in US emergency departments over the last decade for burns suffered when the child opened a microwave oven door and spilled the heated contents. This report describes our continued research and advocacy to finally get a regulatory agency to pass a “child-safety” mechanism for opening microwave doors. Methods In the United States, microwave ovens must meet the published microwave standard administered by Underwriters Laboratories (UL 923). In 2013, we formally proposed a change in the standard which underwent a voting process by the Standards Technical Panel. Microwave makers are well represented on the panel. This attempt did not pass. We continued to publish focused research, presented at national meetings, enlisted engineering students to design “child-resistant” microwave doors to demonstrate feasibility, and created a video to put a face to the statistics. In 2017, we became active members of a National Task Group convened by UL, and two authors became voting members on the 17 member microwave Standards Technical Panel. A new proposal was introduced by the Association of Home Appliances Manufacturers requiring “two distinct actions” to make it more difficult for a young child to open a microwave oven door. Multiple concerns were addressed including those related to the impact on seniors. We lobbied members who appeared undecided. Results On September 17, 2018, the UL 923 STP voted by a narrow margin to pass the measure. In the future, new microwave ovens sold in the United States will be required to be made with “child-resistant doors”. Conclusions Research and advocacy work together to protect children. Child scald risk will be reduced as microwaves with child-resistant doors replace current models. Applicability of Research to Practice Our research demonstrated that very young children are able to open microwave ovens putting them at risk for burn injuries. We worked diligently through various advocacy channels to actively improve the safety of microwave ovens. With the approved changes for future microwave design requirements, research and advocacy have now resulted in practice changes.
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Marta, Auradian, Crisnova Genesia Purba, Mutiara Cahyani Putri, Nora Saulina, Nabila Putri Elvina, Nanda Maulina, Putri Permai, et al. "INOVASI MAHASISWA KUKERTA UNRI 2022 DALAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI WILAYAH KAMPUNG KB RW 08 KELURAHAN TANGKERANG BARAT." ABDIMAS EKODIKSOSIORA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Ekonomi, Pendidikan, dan Sosial Humaniora (e-ISSN: 2809-3917) 2, no. 2 (August 20, 2022): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/abdimasekodiksosiora.v2i2.3918.
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The purpose of this journal is to provide broader knowledge related to health development and quality human resources which are related to innovation in stunting prevention in the Tangkerang Barat sub-district by paying attention to existing aspects. Stunting is malnutrition in infants in the first 1000 days of life that lasts a long time and causes delays in brain development and child development, Stunting can also occur before birth and is caused by very poor nutritional intake during pregnancy, poor food quality in line with the frequency of infectious diseases thus inhibiting growth. in the form of stunting prevention, activities carried out by Kukerta students at the University of Riau include collecting data related to stunting in collaboration with the BKKBN and the head of posyandu cadres, socializing stunting to people who attend immunization activities at Posyandu under five, then students carry out processing related to PMT (supplementary feeding), in the form of corn chicken soup, after that the students also made a video which was uploaded to youtube related to the processing stage of this corn chicken soup so that it could be a reference and finally the Kukerta students created an innovation in making biopori holes that promote sanitation for environmental-based stunting prevention together with the Tangkerang village head West and the cadres of the Astra International Tbk.Keywords: Stunting, prevention, innovation, Education
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Gallagher, Elizabeth, Kathrin Boerner, Yijung Kim, Kyungmin Kim, and Daniela Jopp. "Challenges for Children 65+ Caring for Parents 90+ With Dementia During COVID-19." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.536.
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Abstract With the rise of the novel coronavirus, family caregivers of persons with dementia have been tasked with adapting to an entirely new caregiving landscape. Adult children caring for parents in the ‘oldest old’ age group bear an additional burden. Namely, children that are older adults themselves are navigating the joint vulnerability of both their own and their parents’ aging-related issues (e.g., health problems). The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of dementia caregivers during COVID-19 from the unique perspective of children aged 65 and older caring for parents aged 90 and older. Participants were 30 caregivers from the Boston Aging Together Study with whom we conducted in-depth interviews between March 2020 and February 2021. Thematic analysis revealed key challenges related to COVID-19. Children were worried about the prospect of their parent contracting the virus and took steps to minimize their parent’s exposure, such as discontinuing use of formal supports (e.g., home health aides) or assistance from other family and friends. Forgoing these supports often created greater responsibilities for caregivers as well as contributed to greater social isolation for both child and parent. In situations where parents resided in institutional settings, children were often unable to provide necessary help and support to parents due to restrictions. Caregivers also faced difficulties due to their parent not understanding or practicing COVID-19 regulations and in utilizing alternative means of communication with their parent (e.g., video conferencing). Supports and services should be designed in light of the unique challenges of this group.
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B, Sadhana, Navya A, Nidhishree ., and Vidhyashree Vishwa. "CHILD MONITORING SYSTEM USING GPS CHILD TRACKING SYSTEM." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i01.051.
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Today, parents are working hard and looking after their kids at the same time. Due to the increasing security risks faced by children, both the parents need to monitor their child & #39; s activities. This paper proposes a system that uses an Android phone to monitor the child & #39; s activities. The system can also provide the parents with the necessary information about their child & #39; s safety. The paper also shows how this system can be used to create a safety zone around the child. The system can monitor the child & #39; s activities and create a safety zone around the child. It can also provide the parents with the necessary information about the child & #39; s location. The system is equipped with a video camera that can be operated using the instructions from the Android phone & #39; s software hand function. The video camera can also be used to capture the child & #39; s movements. This project & #39; s major goal is to create an IoTbased Child Monitoring System that will allow parents to watch and detect their children & #39; s activities even when they are away from home. It is an innovative, smart, and protected Child Monitoring System designed to efficiently nurture a newborn. This approach takes into account all of the minor elements necessary for the child & #39; s care and protection at the institution and elsewhere. The usage of technologies/methodologies such as the Internet of Things (IOT), Live Video Monitoring System, Cloud Computing (Data Storage), and User Friendly Web Application helps to build smartness and innovation (for User Controls). Different Sensors/Modules are fitted to the child in order to detect each and every activity. All data collected from sensors/modules will be kept in the cloud and examined on a regular basis.
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Wohlleben, Mikayla, Laura Meleady, Krista Oei, and Claire Seaton. "110 Improving Asthma Education in the Emergency Department: A Quality Improvement Initiative." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, Supplement_2 (August 2020): e45-e46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa068.109.
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Abstract Introduction/Background Asthma education and action plans have been shown to improve compliance and symptom control. Provincial guidelines, created in 2015, included asthma action plans, but use of these resources across our site was not consistent. Objectives The objectives of this study were to develop and implement an asthma education package, standardize discharge instructions and improve appropriate referrals to Asthma Clinics. Design/Methods Using process mapping, staff surveys and patient interviews, we undertook a current state analysis. The resulting change ideas were implemented between October 2018 and January 2020 in 5 PDSA (Plan Do Study Act) cycles, utilizing chart reviews and a standardized data tool to measure outcomes. Rates of repeat Emergency Department (ED) attendances, 2 weeks following the initial encounter and overall rates of ED asthma visits were assessed, using patient medical record data. Results Two-hundred-and-twenty-five ED presentations were reviewed, 65.2% (146/224) had a previous diagnosis of asthma. 48.9% (110/225) reported using an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) at presentation. 89.7% (201/224) had not seen a healthcare provider during this acute illness. Asthma action plan utilization increased from 0% at baseline to an average of 60%, sustained over 2 years. 74.2% (167/225) had an ICS prescribed or advised at discharge. Only 3.8% (8/209) of patients re-presented to an ED within 2 weeks of this asthma visit. 57.3% (129/225) children were referred for ongoing pediatric care: either by a community pediatrician (72.9%; 94/129) or our hospital Asthma Clinic (34.8%; 32/129). Between 2017 and 2019, there was no significant change in total asthma presentations to our ED/per year (1300, 1395 and 1307, respectively) (Figure 1). Conclusion A standardized asthma education package including pre-printed discharge resources, asthma action plans, and a provincially adopted, multi-language education video was successfully implemented into our ED. This demonstrates a multi-disciplinary approach to asthma education that can be utilized across the province. Our data highlights the need for a strong community-based approach for asthma care, and further work is ongoing to assess the efficacy of this education package on medication compliance and recurrent ED visits.
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Vasey, Nicola, Yincent Tse, Ailsa Pickering, and Emma Lim. "SP9 The KidzMed project part 1: pill popping heroes." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): e5.2-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-nppg.9.
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BackgroundThere are large groups of children where families have problems obtaining ongoing supplies of their children’s medicines in primary care due to them being high risk and complex, unlicensed, off label or expensive. The KidzMeds project was established ‘For all children to get the right medicine at the right dose at the right time with the right monitoring with minimum fuss wherever they live.’Tablets are safer, more convenient and cheaper than liquid medications. Children often remain on liquid due to habit, reluctance and parental and staff not knowing how to convert. The idea of converting came from initial HIV medications which were only available in tablets1; children as young as 3 years could be taught.2 3AimQuality improvement project to teach children and young people (CYP) on long term medication how to take tablet medication in an out-patient setting.MethodWorking with families and our teams we created an interactive training package with video (http://northernpaediatrics.com/kidzmed/) and comic poster. We ran interactive hour-long training sessions for staff. Using positive reinforcement and play, the trainer sat facing the learner with sweets or dummy filled capsules of increasing sizes, from size 3 (15 mm) to size 00 (23 mm).Over the next 12 weeks in one team we embedded a process for children ≥5 years attending complex renal clinics to be converted from liquid to tablet medication unless contraindicated (e.g. swallowing or cognitive impairment).Outcome measures included successful conversion rate, patient and staff feedback and cost savings.We overcame practical barriers by placing easily accessible ‘switching kits’ in clinic filled with the necessary dummy pills, awards and certificates. To increase confidence, we created a sealed dosette box with common medications so children could see the size of tablets they needed to swallow. Working with the clinical team we standardised processes (e.g. how to round doses, pre-screening clinic lists and creating prompts).ResultsOver three months, 90 CYP were seen in 13 multi-disciplinary renal clinics, 25 were suitable for conversion to tablet medication. 21 CYP (median age 8.4 years range 5.1 to 15.5) were successfully converted (only one patient required two sessions). 36 medicines were switched, generating £46,500 per year recurrent savings.Feedback was good. Staff liked the opportunity for positive interaction with children and families appreciated the ease of obtaining tablet medications versus liquids. We subsequently trained other teams, including our research team who were recruiting for a study in which swallowing tablets is an inclusion criteria.ConclusionsIn a short timeframe it is possible to embed a system to convert children to tablet medication, improving patient experience and realising considerable cost savings. It requires staff training and cultural change. Pill swallowing is an easy skill to teach and learn and children as young as five can successfully swallow pills. We automatically teach inhaler technique so equally we should teach CYP how to swallow tablets as a skill for life. We would encourage all units to set up pill swallowing training.ReferencesFischl MA, et al. The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. NEJM 1987;317:185–91Garvie PA. Efficacy of a pill-swallowing training intervention to improve antiretroviral medication adherence in pediatric patients With HIV/AIDS. Pediatrics 2007;119:e893–e899Patel A, et al. Effectiveness of pediatric pill swallowing interventions: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2015;135:883–889
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B R, Ajay Kumar. "Baby Monitoring Robot Using IoT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 3556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45804.
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Abstract: In order to help parents who are already stretched thin, this project offers a mechanism for monitoring infants. The baby's movements and sound can be detected by this system, notably crying, and a video output of the baby's current position can be shown on a display monitor so that the mother or another responsible adult can keep an eye on the child while they are away. The motion and crying of the infant can be automatically detected by this baby monitoring device. The voice recognition module, motion sensor, and camera are all integrated into the Arduino nano module to create the hardware's overall control system. A motion sensor is also used to detect the baby's movement. The hardware devices are operated using the Arduino IDE. Baby videos that are either sleeping or playing are displayed on a display. Last but not the least, the developed hardware is evaluated to determine its capacity for detecting the baby's motion and cries as well as the video output.
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Кравченко, Оксана Анатольевна, and Даниил Леонидович Рясов. "THE CHILD-BEASTIN THE CONTEXT OF THE MILITARY SATIRE OF S. MARSHAK («YONG FRITZ, OR EXAM FOR THE “BEASTNESS” CERTIFICATE»)." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 3(215) (May 24, 2021): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2021-3-128-134.
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Введение. На примере сатирического творчества С. Маршака военных лет исследуются проблемы формирования советской детской литературы 1920–1940-х гг. Актуальность исследования определяется разработкой проблематики «зверости» как ключевой метафоры идеологического воздействия на человека. Содержание статьи – анализ поэтических средств создания образа героя, изучение его генезиса и специфики выразительных средств. Цель – исследование приемов сатирического изображения ребенка-фашиста в творчестве Маршака периода Великой Отечественной войны. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования является комплекс текстов Маршака о «Юном Фрице». Указанные тексты и вопрос о генезисе их поэтики до настоящего времени не привлекали специального внимания литературоведов. Используются аналитико-описательный, культурно-исторический, герменевтический методы. Сопоставление текстов с видеорядом карикатур и кино основано на методологии интермедиального анализа. Результаты исследования. Изучение стихотворения Маршака 1941 г. «Юный Фриц, или Экзамен на аттестат “зверости”» показывает, что наглядно продемонстрированное в тексте «дурное воспитание» становится главным объектом сатиры писателя, реализованной не только в указанном стихотворении, но и в созданных на его основе произведениях других видов искусства. Отмечены традиции негативного изображения ребенка-немца в книге М. Салтыкова-Щедрина «За рубежом», ряда текстов немецких авторов второй половины XIX в. Заключение. Избранная Маршаком сатирическая стратегия изображения врага оказывается многонаправленной: поэт показал, сколь опасны педагогические достижения в моделировании человека определенного типа. Introduction. The article examines the problems of the formation of Soviet children’s literature of the 1920s-1940s using the example of the satirical works of S. Marshak of the war years. The relevance of the research is determined by the development of the problem of «beastness» as a key metaphor for the ideological impact on a person. The content of the article is an analysis of the poetic means of creating the image of hero, the study of its genesis and the specifics of expressive means. The aim is to study the techniques of satirical depiction of a fascist child in the works of Marshak during the Great Patriotic War. Material and methods. The research material is a complex of texts by Marshak about «Young Fritz». The mentioned texts and the question of the genesis of their poetics have not attracted special attention of literary critics until now. Analytical-descriptive, cultural-historical, hermeneutic methods are used. Comparison of texts with video sequences of cartoons and films is based on the methodology of intermedia analysis. Results and discussion. The study of Marshak’s 1941 poem «Young Fritz, or the exam for the “beastness” certificate» shows that the «bad upbringing» clearly demonstrated in the text becomes the main object of the writer’s satire, realized not only in this poem, but also in works of other types of art created on its basis. Traditions of a negative image of a German child in the book of M. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Zarubezhom”, a number of texts by German authors of the second half of the 19th century are noted. Conclusion. The satirical strategy of depicting the enemy chosen by Marshak turns out to be multidirectional: the poet showed how dangerous pedagogical achievements in modeling a person of a certain type are.
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Lewis, Rebecca, Marilyn Fleer, and Marie Hammer. "Intentional teaching: Can early-childhood educators create the conditions for children’s conceptual development when following a child-centred programme?" Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 44, no. 1 (March 2019): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1836939119841470.
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This study investigated the practice of two early-childhood educators and their interactions with 24 children (mean age 5.2 years) in an inner-suburban Australian preschool setting. The study specifically examined the nature of how educators ‘intentionally teach’ concepts to young children in a child-centred programme. Six hours of educator–child digital video observations and three hours of educator interviews were gathered and analysed using Kravtsova’s (2009) concept of ‘subject positioning’. The findings suggest that it was challenging to teach intentionally in a child-centred programme based on children’s interests. This research is the first phase of a larger study. It is argued that the tensions between educators’ beliefs about child learning and their role in relation to fostering children’s conceptual development in child-centred programmes could make it difficult for educators to implement intentional teaching as presented in the Australian Early Years Learning Framework (DEEWR, 2009).
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Young-Wolff, Kelly C., Tara R. Foti, Andrea Green, Andrea Altschuler, Monique B. Does, Melanie Jackson-Morris, Sara R. Adams, et al. "Perceptions About Cannabis Following Legalization Among Pregnant Individuals With Prenatal Cannabis Use in California." JAMA Network Open 5, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): e2246912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.46912.
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ImportanceAs rates of prenatal cannabis use increase and cannabis legalization spreads across the US, studies are needed to understand the potential impacts of legalization from the perspectives of pregnant individuals who use cannabis.ObjectiveTo characterize pregnant individuals’ perspectives on legalization of cannabis for adult use in California (effective in 2018) in relation to prenatal cannabis use behaviors and beliefs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study was conducted in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large health care system with universal screening for self-reported cannabis use at entrance to prenatal care. Eighteen semistructured focus groups were conducted from November 17 to December 17, 2021, using a secure video conferencing platform with Black and White pregnant participants who self-reported cannabis use during early pregnancy. Data were analyzed from March to June 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresVideo-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify major themes and subthemes.ResultsAmong 53 participants (mean [SD] age, 30.3 [5.2] years), 23 (43%) identified as non-Hispanic Black and 30 (57%) identified as non-Hispanic White; 16 participants (30%) reported continued cannabis use at the time of recruitment. Major themes regarding the perceived impact of legalization included easier access (via retailers and delivery), greater acceptance (including reduced stigma and more discussions about prenatal cannabis use with health care practitioners), and trust in cannabis retailers (including safety and effectiveness of diverse products sold and perceptions of cannabis retailer employees as knowledgeable, nonjudgmental, and caring). Responses were mixed about whether retailer marketing and advertising were associated with prenatal cannabis use and whether legalization resulted in reduced concerns about Child Protective Services involvement.Conclusion and RelevanceThe findings of this qualitative study suggest pregnant individuals perceive cannabis legalization as having reduced barriers to prenatal cannabis use and that legalization has created challenges and opportunities for supporting the health of pregnant individuals. The results of this qualitative study highlight key areas that can be further explored in future educational materials, public health campaigns, and policy adaptations to address increasing rates of prenatal cannabis use.
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As'ari, Fajar, Ridwan Sanjaya, Ridwan Sanjaya, Hendra Prasetya, and Hendra Prasetya. "Game Concept for Seual Child Abuse Anticipation." SISFORMA 3, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/sisforma.v3i1.610.
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Sexual child abuse are direct or indirect action from people who is older than children are. People whose close and known by children 90% of them are being sexual child abuse offenders. Sexual child abuse preventive measure delivered through sexual education by media such as pictures, comic, and video. Create this media as a tool to guide parents to teach their children to keep them safe from child sexual abuse.Parents could choose video that provide animation with stories detailing and watching together with their child, or accompany children and tells story through comic and spending time together. Alternatively, by playing education game, children play it and parent accompany them, explain the story in the game, and enjoy the animation on the game.This research will discuss about drafting a game as a media to prevent sexual child abuse. Formulate appropriates story for children and information that will be presented in the game. Reviewing literature and media that already exist about sexual child abuse and the way to prevent it are materials gathering process. Discussion also has done with psychologist and childrens sex education expert to confirm literature review results, also to formulate games for children.
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Reay, Emma. "Cute, cuddly and completely crushable: Plushies as avatars in video games." Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgvw_00033_1.
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This article examines video game avatars that are designed to resemble toys. It names this trope the ‘Blithe Child’ to capture the carefree, careless and childlike interactions this avatar invites. This article argues that the connection between the Blithe Child and traditional toys functions to express and explain non-violent game mechanics, to shape sentimental player‐avatar relationships, to create cosy, snug playspaces and to encourage pro-social, creative and self-expressive playstyles. However, the Blithe Child inherits some of the more sinister dynamics latent in human‐toy relationships, namely the desire to humiliate and mutilate the cute object and anxieties about what it means to be ‘real’ ‐ to be an independent, agential subject rather than a passive, manipulated, othered object. Drawing on theories derived from cuteness studies and toy studies, this article uses a close reading approach to critique the age-based hierarchies that underpin this trope.
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Rochat, Jessica, Frédéric Ehrler, Johan N. Siebert, Arnaud Ricci, Victor Garretas Ruiz, and Christian Lovis. "Usability Testing of a Patient-Centered Mobile Health App for Supporting and Guiding the Pediatric Emergency Department Patient Journey: Mixed Methods Study." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): e25540. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25540.
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Background Patient experience in emergency departments (EDs) remains often suboptimal and can be a source of stress, particularly in pediatric settings. In an attempt to support patients and their families before, during, and after their visit to a pediatric ED, a mobile health (mHealth) app was developed by a multidisciplinary team based on patient-centered care principles. Objective This study aims to evaluate the usability (effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction) of a new mHealth app, InfoKids, by potential end users through usability testing. Methods The app was assessed through an in-laboratory, video-recorded evaluation in which participants had to execute 9 goal-oriented tasks, ranging from account creation to the reception of a diagnostic sheet at the end of the emergency care episode. Effectiveness was measured based on the task completion rate, efficiency on time on task, and user satisfaction according to answers to the System Usability Scale questionnaire. Think-aloud usability sessions were also transcribed and analyzed. Usability problems were rated for their severity and categorized according to ergonomic criteria. Results A total of 17 parents participated in the study. The overall completion rate was 97.4% (149/153). Overall, they reported good effectiveness, with the task successfully completed in 88.2% (135/153) of cases (95% CI 83%-93%). Each task, with the exception of the first, created difficulties for some participants but did not prevent their completion by most participants. Users reported an overall good to excellent perceived usability of the app. However, ergonomic evaluation identified 14 usability problems occurring 81 time. Among these, 50% (7/14) were serious as their severity was rated as either major or catastrophic and indicated areas of improvements for the app. Following the suggested usability improvements by participants, mitigation measures were listed to further improve the app and avoid barriers to its adoption. Conclusions Usability of the InfoKids app was evaluated as good to excellent by users. Areas of improvement were identified, and mitigation measures were proposed to inform its development toward a universal app for all ED patients visiting a digitalized institution. Its contribution could also be useful in paving the way for further research on mobile apps aimed at supporting and accompanying patients in their care episodes, as research in this area is scarce.
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Anderson, Brett R., S. Ram Kumar, Danielle Gottlieb-Sen, Matthew H. Liava’a, Kevin D. Hill, Jeffrey P. Jacobs, Francis X. Moga, et al. "The Congenital Heart Technical Skill Study: Rationale and Design." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 10, no. 2 (March 2019): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135118822689.
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Background: We report the rationale and design for a peer-evaluation protocol of attending congenital heart surgeon technical skill using direct video observation. Methods: All surgeons contributing data to The Society of Thoracic Surgeons—Congenital Heart Surgery Database (STS-CHSD) are invited to submit videos of themselves operating, to rate peers, or both. Surgeons may submit Norwood procedures, complete atrioventricular canal repairs, and/or arterial switch operations. A HIPPA-compliant website allows secure transmission/evaluation. Videos are anonymously rated using a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills score. Ratings are linked to five years of contemporaneous outcome data from the STS-CHSD and surgeon questionnaires. The primary outcome is a composite for major morbidity/mortality. Results: Two hundred seventy-six surgeons from 113 centers are eligible for participation: 83 (30%) surgeons from 53 (45%) centers have agreed to participate, with recruitment ongoing. These surgeons vary considerably in years of experience and outcomes. Participants, both early and late in their careers, describe the process as “very rewarding” and “less time consuming than anticipated.” An initial subset of 10 videos demonstrated excellent interrater reliability (interclass correlation = 0.85). Conclusions: This study proposes to evaluate the technical skills of attending pediatric cardiothoracic surgeons by video observation and peer-review. It is notable that over a quarter of congenital heart surgeons, across a range of experiences, from almost half of United States centers have already agreed to participate. This study also creates a mechanism for peer feedback; we hypothesize that feedback could yield broad and meaningful quality improvement.
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Khan, Ahad Mahmud, Salahuddin Ahmed, Nabidul Haque Chowdhury, Md Shafiqul Islam, Eric D. McCollum, Carina King, Ting Shi, et al. "Developing a video expert panel as a reference standard to evaluate respiratory rate counting in paediatric pneumonia diagnosis: protocol for a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e067389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067389.
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IntroductionManual counting of respiratory rate (RR) in children is challenging for health workers and can result in misdiagnosis of pneumonia. Some novel RR counting devices automate the counting of RR and classification of fast breathing. The absence of an appropriate reference standard to evaluate the performance of these devices is a challenge. If good quality videos could be captured, with RR interpretation from these videos systematically conducted by an expert panel, it could act as a reference standard. This study is designed to develop a video expert panel (VEP) as a reference standard to evaluate RR counting for identifying pneumonia in children.Methods and analysisUsing a cross-sectional design, we will enrol children aged 0–59 months presenting with suspected pneumonia at different levels of health facilities in Dhaka and Sylhet, Bangladesh. We will videorecord a physician/health worker counting RR manually and also using an automated RR counter (Children’s Automated Respiration Monitor) from each child. We will establish a standard operating procedure for capturing quality videos, make a set of reference videos, and train and standardise the VEP members using the reference videos. After that, we will assess the performance of the VEP as a reference standard to evaluate RR counting. We will calculate the mean difference and proportions of agreement within±2 breaths per minute and create Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement between VEP members.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the National Research Ethics Committee of Bangladesh Medical Research Council, Bangladesh (registration number: 39315022021) and Edinburgh Medical School Research Ethics Committee (EMREC), Edinburgh, UK (REC Reference: 21-EMREC-040). Dissemination of the study findings will be through conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals.