Journal articles on the topic 'Child care workers – Evaluation'
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Westlake, David, Philip Pallmann, Fiona Lugg-Widger, Donald Forrester, Stavros Petrou, Shahd Daher, Linda Adara, et al. "The SWIS trial: Protocol of a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of school based social work." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): e0265354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265354.
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Background Child and family social workers in the UK work closely with other agencies including schools and the police, and typically they are based in local authority offices. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of placing social workers in schools (SWIS) on the need for social care interventions. SWIS was piloted in three local authorities in 2018–2020, and findings from a feasibility study of the pilots suggests SWIS may operate through three key pathways: (1) by enhancing schools’ response to safeguarding issues, (2) through increased collaboration between social workers, school staff, and parents, and (3) by improving relationships between social workers and young people. Methods The study is a two-arm pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial building on three feasibility studies which found SWIS to be promising. Social workers will work within secondary schools across local authorities in England. 280 mainstream secondary schools will be randomly allocated with a 1:1 ratio to SWIS or a comparison arm, which will be schools that continue as normal, without a social worker. The primary outcome will be the rate of Child Protection (Section 47) enquiries. Secondary outcomes will comprise rate of referrals to children’s social care, rate of Child in Need (Section 17) assessments, days spent in care, and educational attendance and attainment. The study also includes an economic evaluation, and an implementation and process evaluation. Social care outcomes will be measured in July 2022, and educational outcomes will be measured in July 2023. Days in care will be measured at both time points. Discussion Findings will explore the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of SWIS on the need for social care interventions. A final report will be published in January 2024. Trial registration The study was registered retrospectively with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry on 13.11.2020 (ISRCTN90922032).
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Nabudere, Harriet, Delius Asiimwe, and Rhona Mijumbi. "Task shifting in maternal and child health care: An evidence brief for Uganda." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 27, no. 2 (March 30, 2011): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462311000055.
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The Problem: There is a shortage and maldistribution of medically trained health professionals to deliver cost-effective maternal and child health (MCH) services. Hence, cost-effective MCH services are not available to over half the population of Uganda and progress toward the Millennium Development Goals for MCH is slow. Optimizing the roles of less specialized health workers (“task shifting”) is one strategy to address the shortage and maldistribution of more specialized health professionals.Policy Options: (i) Lay health workers (community health workers) may reduce morbidity and mortality in children under five and neonates; and training for traditional birth attendants may improve perinatal outcomes and appropriate referrals. (ii) Nursing assistants in facilities might increase the time available from nurses, midwives, and doctors to provide care that requires more training. (iii) Nurses and midwives to deliver cost-effective MCH interventions in areas where there is a shortage of doctors. (iv) Drug dispensers to promote and deliver cost-effective MCH interventions and improve the quality of the services they provide. The costs and cost-effectiveness of all four options are uncertain. Given the limitations of the currently available evidence, rigorous evaluation and monitoring of resource use and activities is warranted for all four options.Implementation Strategies: A clear policy on optimizing health worker roles. Community mobilization and reduction of out-of-pocket costs to improve mothers’ knowledge and care-seeking behaviors, continuing education, and incentives to ensure health workers are competent and motivated, and community referral and transport schemes for MCH care are needed.
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Arandia, Gabriela, Amber E. Vaughn, Lori A. Bateman, Dianne S. Ward, and Laura A. Linnan. "Development of a Workplace Intervention for Child Care Staff: Caring and Reaching for Health’s (CARE) Healthy Lifestyles Intervention." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 2 (July 22, 2018): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918786214.
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Child care staff are among the lowest wage workers, a group at increased risk for a wide array of chronic diseases. To date, the health of child care staff has been largely ignored, and there have been very few interventions designed for child care staff. This article describes the development of the Caring and Reaching for Health (CARE) Healthy Lifestyles intervention, a workplace intervention aimed at improving physical activity and health behaviors among child care staff. Theory and evidence-based behavior change techniques informed the development of intervention components with targets at multiple social ecological levels. Final intervention components included an educational workshop held at a kick-off event, followed by three 8-week campaigns. Intervention components within each campaign included (1) an informational magazine, (2) goal setting and weekly behavior self-monitoring, (3) weekly tailored feedback, (4) e-mail/text prompts, (5) center-level displays that encouraged team-based goals and activities, and (6) coaching for center directors. This multilevel, theory-driven intervention is currently being evaluated as part of a larger randomized controlled trial. Process evaluation efforts will assess the extent to which child care staff participated in, engaged with, and were satisfied with the intervention. Lessons learned will guide future intervention research engaging child care workers.
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Rocha, Diana, António Rui Gomes, and Ana Cristina Costa Figueiredo. "Stress, cognitive appraisal, and burnout in social workers of residential child care." Revista de Psicología 40, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 1075–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/psico.202202.016.
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Stress and burnout are global epidemics that may cause negative consequences for workers and organizations. Social workers of residential child care are especially at risk, due to the inherent characteristics of their work. Subsequently, this study aimed to analyse these professional’s stress, cognitive appraisal, and burnout. The sample included 92 social workers (90.2% female and 9.8% male) with ages between 25 and 64 years old (M = 38.08; SD = 7.91). The evaluation protocol included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Stress Questionnaire for Health Professionals, the Primary and Secondary Cognitive Appraisal Scale, and the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results indicated that 58% of professionals assumed high levels of general stress, and that physical fatigue and cognitive weariness were the burnout dimensions with higher values. The combination of sociodemographic variables, stress factors and cognitive appraisal were important to explain the burnout experience and can contribute to design interventions directed to these professionals.
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Levine, Kathryn Ann, Dawn Sutherland, and Melanie Janzen. "Educating Children in Our Care." Advances in Social Work 20, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23696.
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In Canada, there is increasing recognition that poor educational outcomes of children and adolescents involved with the child welfare system represent an emerging crisis for youth, their families, and the broader society. Interprofessional education and collaboration between educators and social workers may facilitate better outcomes for children in care. Although interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional collaboration (IPC) are well established in the allied health fields, there is not an equivalent acceptance within the applied social sciences, specifically in education and child welfare contexts. This may partially be attributed to the “siloed” nature of these professions, which limits both capacity and opportunities for professionals to understand each other’s mandates, roles, and policies. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a graduate elective course for social workers and educators that was geared toward educational outcomes of children in care. Thirty-eight students from both disciplines participated in a summer institute. Although participants valued the content and process of the course, it is unclear whether these types of initiatives facilitate enhanced IPC. Findings do however suggest that IPE initiatives targeted toward a specific population may have more positive outcomes, compared to general IPC.
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Bond, Sue. "Care Leavers’ and Their Care Workers’ Views of Preparation and Aftercare Services in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818801106.
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Emerging adulthood is an exciting time, filled with possibilities while remaining supported. However, care leavers’ journeys into adulthood are compressed and lacking educational, financial, and social support. In South Africa, this is exacerbated by contextual factors and the absence of mandated services for care leavers. A qualitative study was conducted with four Child and Youth Care Centers in a town in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Focus groups were held with young people in care and their care workers. Discussions focused on preparation for leaving care and aftercare services and the evaluation of these by each group of participants. Care leaving preparation consisted of independent living skills programs. Aftercare services were provided on an ad hoc basis, and there was no policy with respect to services to care leavers. The findings suggest that ongoing experiential learning and implementation of in-house policies may better prepare care leavers for emerging adulthood.
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Laird, Siobhan E., Kate Morris, Philip Archard, and Rachael Clawson. "Changing practice: The possibilities and limits for reshaping social work practice." Qualitative Social Work 17, no. 4 (January 9, 2017): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325016688371.
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Since 2010, the United Kingdom has witnessed a number of initiatives that shift away from reliance on performance management to improve social work with children and families, towards a renewed interest in practice models. This study reports on the evaluation of a local government programme in England to introduce and embed systemic family practice through the roll out of intensive training to social workers and frontline managers. It was anticipated through the programme that child protection social workers would undertake more direct work with families and build more positive relationships, resulting in a fall in the number of child protection plans and children experiencing repeat periods of care. The evaluation adopted a mixed-method approach encompassing an online survey of social workers, interviews with team managers and family members, a case audit and statistical analysis of local level metrics. It found limited employment of systemic family practice or improvement due to the programme. Adopting the 7 S framework, this study examines the barriers to and facilitators of successful change and identifies generic considerations for change programmes in child protection social work.
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Draus, John M. "A Multidisciplinary Child Protection Team Improves the Care of Nonaccidental Trauma Patients." American Surgeon 83, no. 5 (May 2017): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481708300521.
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We initiated a multidisciplinary Child Protection Team (CPT) as a subgroup of our pediatric multidisciplinary trauma peer review committee. Meetings are held monthly. Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) patients from the preceding month are reviewed. The meeting has two parts. During the open part, detectives and child protective services (CPS) workers are invited to discuss specific cases. The closed part focuses on improvement of specific processes and future outcomes. Attendance is recorded and minutes are kept. We sought to review accomplishments of this group. We retrospectively reviewed the minutes from our CPT meetings conducted between February 2014 and April 2015. We tracked attendance, cases reviewed, process improvement projects, and corrective action plans. Meeting attendance was very good—78 per cent. During the 15-month study period, we had 141 suspected NAT patients; 96 were reviewed at our meetings. CPS workers attended 53 per cent of the meetings; 13 investigations were discussed. We established a clinical practice guideline for the evaluation of NAT patients. We created a mechanism to improve compliance with follow-up skeletal surveys. Six corrective letters were sent to individuals notifying them of care concerns and opportunities for improvement. Equipment needs were identified, and we obtained a digital camera and speaker phone. We have conducted multiple educational sessions to increase awareness. Our CPT meeting has improved the care of our NAT patients and provided better communication between our hospital staff and CPS workers. We have improved inhospital processes for our NAT patients. We have provided educational opportunities to outside care providers.
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Amaral, João, Eleanor Gouws, Jennifer Bryce, Álvaro Jorge Madeiro Leite, Antonio Ledo Alves da Cunha, and Cesar G. Victora. "Effect of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) on health worker performance in Northeast-Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 20, suppl 2 (2004): S209—S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2004000800016.
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A multi-country evaluation is being carried out in Brazil and four other countries to determine the effectiveness, cost, and impact of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). We examine the effect of IMCI on the quality of health care provided to children under five visiting health facilities. A health facility survey was conducted at 24 facilities (12 with IMCI) in each of four States in the Northeast. We assessed the quality of care provided to children between 2 months and 5 years attending the facilities. Health workers trained in IMCI provided significantly better care than those not trained. Significant differences between health workers who were trained or not trained in IMCI were found in the assessment of the child, disease classification, treatment, and caretaker communication. Nurses trained in IMCI performed as well as, and sometimes better than, medical officers trained in IMCI. We conclude that while there is room for further improvement, IMCI case management training significantly improves health worker performance, and that parts of Brazil that have not yet introduced IMCI should be encouraged to do so.
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Spall, Pamela. "Lessons Robin Clark taught me in child protection." Children Australia 27, no. 3 (2002): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005149.
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Robin Clark was an inspirational leader in the child protection and out-of-home care field throughout the 1980s and 1990s in Australia. Robin died in 2001. However her legacy continues due to her mentoring of social workers throughout her career and her numerous reviews and evaluations of child protection systems. This article pays tribute to the lessons Robin Clark taught administrators and practitioners in the design and delivery of child protection and out-of-home care systems.
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Yates, Charlotte A. B. "Organizing Women in the Spaces between Home, Work and Community." Articles 66, no. 4 (January 17, 2012): 585–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1007635ar.
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Since women began mobilizing more than 40 years ago to transform the labour movement, unions have made significant changes to increase women’s participation, leadership and interest representation. Yet, there are limitations to this progress. Unionized women are concentrated in the public sector amongst full-time employees. Moreover, women’s interests have tended to be added onto existing union agenda; women are therefore encouraged to adjust to existing union structures and practices rather than unions undertaking transformational organizational change. Unions tend to socially construct the collective interests and identities of women workers in gender-neutral ways that end up limiting union capacities to make bigger organizing breakthroughs amongst women. The article develops an argument that women’s relationship to work is distinct from men’s. Women are more likely to experience a blurring of the boundaries between work, home and community, which leads many women workers to be less responsive to union appeals that focus strictly on the job and workplace. These ideas are explored using a case study of a province-wide organizing drive amongst child care providers by the B.C. Government Employees Union (BCGEU). The BCGEU used methods of community unionism to build a sense of collective identity and capacity for collective action amongst a diverse group of child care providers, including those who work in child care centres, in-home providers and migrant domestic workers. The union built its campaign around shared relationships of caring and love, and by rejecting the devaluation of child care as unskilled, women’s work. The article concludes with an evaluation of whether this approach to organizing women opens new possibilities for reaching out to non-union women.
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Ebenso, Bassey, Chinyere Mbachu, Enyi Etiaba, Reinhard Huss, Ana Manzano, Obinna Onwujekwe, Benjamin Uzochukwu, et al. "Which mechanisms explain motivation the of primary health workers? Insights from the realist evaluation of a maternal and child health programme in Nigeria." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 8 (August 2020): e002408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002408.
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IntroductionWell-trained, adequately skilled and motivated primary healthcare (PHC) workers are essential for attaining universal health coverage (UHC). While there is abundant literature on the drivers of workforce motivation, published knowledge on the mechanisms of motivation within different contexts is limited, particularly in resource-limited countries. This paper contributes to health workforce literature by reporting on how motivation works among PHC workers in a maternal and child health (MCH) programme in Nigeria.MethodsWe adopted a realist evaluation design combining document review with 56 in-depth interviews of PHC workers, facility managers and policy-makers to assess the impact of the MCH programme in Anambra State, Nigeria. A realist process of theory development, testing and consolidation was used to understand how and under what circumstances the MCH programme impacted on workers’ motivation and which mechanisms explain how motivation works. We drew on Herzberg’s two-factor and Adam’s equity theories to unpack how context shapes worker motivation.ResultsA complex and dynamic interaction between the MCH programme and organisational and wider contexts triggered five mechanisms which explain PHC worker motivation: (1) feeling supported, (2) feeling comfortable with work environment, (3) feeling valued, (4) morale and confidence to perform tasks and (5) companionship. Some mechanisms were mutually reinforcing while others operated in parallel. Other conditions that enabled worker motivation were organisational values of fairness, recognition of workers’ contributions and culture of task-sharing and teamwork.ConclusionsPolicy designs and management strategies for improving workforce performance, particularly in resource-constrained settings should create working environments that foster feelings of being valued and supported while enabling workers to apply their knowledge and skills to improve healthcare delivery and promote UHC. Future research can test the explanatory framework generated by this study and explore differences in motivational mechanisms among different cadres of PHC workers to inform cadre-related motivational interventions.
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Murdoch, Jamie, Robyn Curran, Max Bachmann, Eric Bateman, Ruth Vania Cornick, Tanya Doherty, Sandra Claire Picken, Makhosazana Lungile Simelane, and Lara Fairall. "Strengthening the quality of paediatric primary care: protocol for the process evaluation of a health systems intervention in South Africa." BMJ Global Health 3, Suppl 5 (October 2018): e000945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000945.
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BackgroundDespite significant reductions in mortality, preventable and treatable conditions remain the leading causes of death in children under five within South Africa. The WHO’s Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) programme has been widely implemented to address the most common causes of mortality in children under five. Although effective, limitations in IMCI scope and adherence have emerged. The Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) Child guide has been developed to expand on IMCI and address these limitations. It is intended as a clinical decision support tool for health workers with additional systems strengthening components, including active implementation and training strategy to address contextual and organisational factors hindering quality of care for children. Implementation is complex, requiring comprehensive pilot and process evaluation. The PACK Child pilot and feasibility study will sample 10 primary care facilities in the Western Cape Province. Staff will be trained to integrate the PACK Child guide into routine practice. The process evaluation will investigate implementation and health systems components to establish how to optimise delivery, strengthen IMCI principles and factors required to support effective and sustained uptake into everyday practice.MethodsMixed method process evaluation. Qualitative data include interviews with managers, staff, caregivers and policymakers; observations of training, consultations and clinic flow. Quantitative data include training logs and staff questionnaires. Quantitative and qualitative analysis will be integrated to describe study sites and develop explanations for implementation variation.DiscussionThe process evaluation will provide the opportunity to document implementation and refine the programme prior to a larger pragmatic trial or scale-up.
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Ammari, Linda K., Louis M. Bell, and Richard L. Hodinka. "Secondary Measles Vaccine Failure in Healthcare Workers Exposed to Infected Patients." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 14, no. 2 (February 1993): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646687.
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AbstractObjective:To describe 4 healthcare workers who developed measles despite pre-existing antimeasles antibody levels.Design:Hospital employees working in patient care areas from July through November 1990 were screened for measles antibody levels using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The clinical course and laboratory evaluation of the 4 healthcare workers who developed measles were reviewed.Setting:An academic tertiary care children's hospital.Participants:A convenience sample of resident physicians, nurses, ward clerks, Child Life workers, physical and occupational therapists, radiology technicians, and housekeeping staff were screened regardless of age, immunization status, or history of measles infection.Results:Of 1,311 employees working in patient care areas, 900 (68.6%) had sera tested for measles antibody. Fourteen (1.5%) were negative, 338 (37.6%) had low-positive antibody levels, 372 (41.3%) were mid-positive, and 171 (19%) were high-positive; 5 (0.6%) showed equivocal results. Four healthcare workers vaccinated in the past developed measles. All had positive pre-illness measles antibody levels and all had a significant rise in measles-specific IgG following infection. Three of them had received at least 2 live measles vaccinations prior to caring for patients with measles.Conclusions:These cases raise concerns regarding detection of adequate protective measles immunity. We recommend that all healthcare workers observe respiratory precautions in caring for patients with measles.
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Hatzenbuehler, L., A. K. M. Zaidi, S. Sundar, S. Sultana, F. Abbasi, A. Rizvi, and G. L. Darmstadt. "Validity of neonatal jaundice evaluation by primary health-care workers and physicians in Karachi, Pakistan." Journal of Perinatology 30, no. 9 (April 1, 2010): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2010.13.
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Di Giorgio, Laura, David K. Evans, Magnus Lindelow, Son Nam Nguyen, Jakob Svensson, Waly Wane, and Anna Welander Tärneberg. "Analysis of clinical knowledge, absenteeism and availability of resources for maternal and child health: a cross-sectional quality of care study in 10 African countries." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 12 (December 2020): e003377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003377.
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ObjectiveAssess the quality of healthcare across African countries based on health providers’ clinical knowledge, their clinic attendance and drug availability, with a focus on seven conditions accounting for a large share of child and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, pneumonia, diabetes, neonatal asphyxia and postpartum haemorrhage.MethodsWith nationally representative, cross-sectional data from ten countries in sub-Saharan Africa, collected using clinical vignettes (to assess provider knowledge), unannounced visits (to assess provider absenteeism) and visual inspections of facilities (to assess availability of drugs and equipment), we assess whether health providers are available and have sufficient knowledge and means to diagnose and treat patients suffering from common conditions amenable to primary healthcare. We draw on data from 8061 primary and secondary care facilities in Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo and Uganda, and 22 746 health workers including doctors, clinical officers, nurses and community health workers. Facilities were selected using a multistage cluster-sampling design to ensure data were representative of rural and urban areas, private and public facilities, and of different facility types. These data were gathered under the Service Delivery Indicators programme.ResultsAcross all conditions and countries, healthcare providers were able to correctly diagnose 64% (95% CI 62% to 65%) of the clinical vignette cases, and in 45% (95% CI 43% to 46%) of the cases, the treatment plan was aligned with the correct diagnosis. For diarrhoea and pneumonia, two common causes of under-5 deaths, 27% (95% CI 25% to 29%) of the providers correctly diagnosed and prescribed the appropriate treatment for both conditions. On average, 70% of health workers were present in the facilities to provide care during facility hours when those workers are scheduled to be on duty. Taken together, we estimate that the likelihood that a facility has at least one staff present with competency and key inputs required to provide child, neonatal and maternity care that meets minimum quality standards is 14%. On average, poor clinical knowledge is a greater constraint in care readiness than drug availability or health workers’ absenteeism in the 10 countries. However, we document substantial heterogeneity across countries in the extent to which drug availability and absenteeism matter quantitatively.ConclusionOur findings highlight the need to boost the knowledge of healthcare workers to achieve greater care readiness. Training programmes have shown mixed results, so systems may need to adopt a combination of competency-based preservice and in-service training for healthcare providers (with evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of the training), and hiring practices that ensure the most prepared workers enter the systems. We conclude that in settings where clinical knowledge is poor, improving drug availability or reducing health workers’ absenteeism would only modestly increase the average care readiness that meets minimum quality standards.
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Chipman, Robert, Susan J. Wells, and Michelle A. Johnson. "The Meaning of Quality in Kinship Foster Care: Caregiver, Child, and Worker Perspectives." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 83, no. 5 (October 2002): 508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.51.
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Though principles, guidelines, and procedures for assessing the quality of foster care in kinship settings have been introduced, research on the factors that mediate the quality and outcome of kinship care has been minimal. To provide insight into these factors from the perspectives of kinship stakeholders, this article presents findings from a qualitative study conducted with kinship caregivers, children living with relatives, and caseworkers of children in kinship placements. Their views on quality care in kinship homes, including factors to consider in the selection and evaluation of kinship placements and opinions of how kinship and nonkinship foster care differ, make unique contributions to the development of standards and measures for kinship foster care assessment. Findings confirm the salience of specific factors present in existing guidelines, build on existing recommendations for the selection and evaluation of kinship homes, and highlight important policy and practice issues for consideration with kinship families.
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Samašonok, Kristina. "The Implementation of the Right to Live in the Families for the Children from the Child Care Home: Approach of the Workers of Child Care Home." Pedagogika 118, no. 2 (June 10, 2015): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2015.016.
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The importance of family and quality of relations between its members is very important to the process of personal development. The child’s separation from his parents and placement in care homes have long-term consequences to the development of the child. After evaluation of the importance of family for psychosocial development of personality, the attention should be drawn to improve the system of child care for children without parental care. Increasingly it is considered to ensure the child’s right to live the family life, also to return children living in child care homes to their biological parents and to integrate families of foster parents.
According to the current situation, the article reveals what trends prevail in practice of home care workers in order to ensure that children live in the families of the biological parents or foster parents. Also the article helps to evaluate the strengths of achievements in performance of employee as well as perceive the existing problems and provide the prospects for improvement of the situation and possible changes. In order for the children not to live at the child care homes, but in families with their parents or guardians, the question arises: what kind of effort has been made by care home staff to ensure the rights of children to live with parents or with a foster family? The aim of the study is to assess the context of the situation from the position of home care workers in order to ensure the right of children to live in the families of parents or foster parents.
The peculiarities of the implementation of the right for children from care home to live in the family were analyzed. The study involved 17 care home staff and was based on their view and personal work experience. A semi-standardized interview method has been applied to get to know the strengths of performance achievements of care home staff also to reveal the problems and shortcomings impeding the right of children from care home to live in the family with parents or foster parents and to provide the improvement techniques for the implementation of the child care system.
Interviews revealed that the care home staff admits the importance of the relationship between the child and his parents and other family members for the psychosocial development of the child and try to strengthen the relationship between children and their parents .Child care home staff constructs situations for children to meet with parents as often as possible, activate and support communication with the relatives and the loved ones of the ward. The external resources are searched to solve the problems of the wards: children are incorporated into foster families, stimulate foster families to take care of the wards for weekends or holidays, also wards visit the families of home care workers.
However, the analysis of activities and experiences of care home staff revealed that not enough attention is paid to solve the problems of wards’ right to live in the family. According to the current situation, care home staff express concerns about the passivity of foster parents and indifference to their children. The care home staff recognizes that usually the one-way communication takes place with families. The employees of child care home dominate by promoting parents to visit their children, while parents remain passive. On the other hand, care home staff believe that solving child custody issues is not enough to provide material support to families of social risk or to record the facts about child neglect, as well as to distinguish it from the destructive social environment and to provide public care. Comments of the research suggest that while solving the questions of welfare of wards and their right to live in the family, it is necessary to improve the work with families that pass on their children’s care to the state custody. It is important to provide parents of wards social-psychological support, to involve them in educational work and solution of relationship problems between ward and his family also it is necessary to include a range of institutions that work with parents. Workers believe that parents need to be given impetus to reform and strengthen their self-confidence and their own capabilities to care of their child and take the responsibility; also it is necessary to encourage parents to get the children back and bring them up the family, to emphasize their importance and necessity to the child.
While discussing the opportunities for wards to live in the family, care home staff emphasize the importance of short-term assistance and full care as well as the need to integrate wards into adequate families. It is considered that the integration of the wards into foster families increase the opportunities for children deprived of parental care to build successfully strong families and construct a family relationship. The care home staff agree that living in a care home, foster children form a distorted perception of the family. It is possible to notice the lack of perspective regarding the preparation of foster children and teenagers for their future family life because usually the solutions of problems are restricted to oral remarks or conversations in care homes. Workers of care home believe that the absence of a real family model for wards will impede them to build strong families in the future. Some of the most successful assumptions that could help to reduce rising number of child care institutions are: social assistance and support system in targeting prevention work; provision of services to families by encouraging parents to get the child back to a family; to ensure that social risk families could integrate into the labor market; education and social assistance programs that help to restore a positive family experience, thereby educating the orphans, that grew up in foster homes; education about a family life; the integration and preparation of children psychologically and educationally; taking care of the child’s, families morally and legally.
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Malin, Nigel, and Jane Tunmore. "Assessing the impact and implications for social workers of an innovative children’s services programme aimed to support workforce reform and integrated working." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 16, no. 3 (August 16, 2013): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v16i3.538.
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This article reports findings from an independent audit and evaluation of an innovative children's services programme (CSP) funded 2009-2011 by twelve Local Authorities under the auspices of the North-East of England's Improvement & Efficiency Partnership (NEIEP) to manage improvements and efficiencies across the children's services sector focusing upon messages for social workers. The overall purpose of the CSP was to make demonstrable progress in tackling the challenges of child poverty by delivering high quality support to the growing number of children with social care/health needs through regional improvement. The key objectives of the CSP included supporting workforce reform and integrated working; development of personalised services; family support to reduce the need for residential care; and provision of tools to aid commissioners with needs analysis. The audit identified key outputs, for example, improvements to best practice on Whole Family approaches, safeguarding and leadership training evolved through a skills framework; and included a regional model of social work supervision training along with a provision of options to increase the range and quality of foster care placements. The evaluation considered actions arising from the above findings, including demonstrated improvements to inter-disciplinary working and pooling resources to produce better outcomes for families; setting up a data-base to improve the balance between fostering, residential care and family support; and creating opportunities for social workers to explore the practical implementation of using personal budgets.
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Calcaterra, Valentina, and Maria Luisa Raineri. "Young People’s Voice: The First Visiting Advocacy Project in Italian Residential Care for Children." Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 15, no. 15 (July 27, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2017.15.10808.
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This article presents the research of the project Giving Young People a Voice: Advocacy in Children’s Homes, set up as a result of the interest of a nonprofit organization working with looked-after children, with an aim to improve advocacy as a listening process and to promote the participation of children that reside in children’s homes. The research focused on the implementation of a visiting advocacy project and the activities carried out by an independent advocate working in children’s homes. The children’s evaluation of the project was collected by two focus groups; interviews were conducted with social care workers and the manager of the organization. This research deals with the implementation of the first visiting advocacy project in the context of the Italian child protection system.
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Watterson, Jessica L., Julia Walsh, and Isheeta Madeka. "Using mHealth to Improve Usage of Antenatal Care, Postnatal Care, and Immunization: A Systematic Review of the Literature." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/153402.
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Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have been implemented in many low- and middle-income countries to address challenges in maternal and child health. Many of these technologies attempt to influence patients’, caretakers’, or health workers’ behavior. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine what evidence exists for the effectiveness of mHealth tools to increase the coverage and use of antenatal care (ANC), postnatal care (PNC), and childhood immunizations through behavior change in low- and middle-income countries. The full text of 53 articles was reviewed and 10 articles were identified that met all inclusion criteria. The majority of studies used text or voice message reminders to influence patient behavior change (80%,n=8) and most were conducted in African countries (80%,n=8). All studies showed at least some evidence of effectiveness at changing behavior to improve antenatal care attendance, postnatal care attendance, or childhood immunization rates. However, many of the studies were observational and further rigorous evaluation of mHealth programs is needed in a broader variety of settings.
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Bender, Whitney R., Sindhu Srinivas, Paulina Coutifaris, Alexandra Acker, and Adi Hirshberg. "The Psychological Experience of Obstetric Patients and Health Care Workers after Implementation of Universal SARS-CoV-2 Testing." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 12 (August 5, 2020): 1271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715505.
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Objective This study was aimed to describe the hospitalization and early postpartum psychological experience for asymptomatic obstetric patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as part of a universal testing program and report the impact of this program on labor and delivery health care workers' job satisfaction and workplace anxiety. Study Design This is a cohort study of asymptomatic pregnant women who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing between April 13, 2020 and April 26, 2020. Semistructured interviews were conducted via telephone at 1 and 2 weeks posthospitalization to assess maternal mental health. Depression screening was conducted using the patient health questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). An online survey of labor and delivery health care workers assessed job satisfaction and job-related anxiety before and during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as employees' subjective experience with universal testing. Patient and employee responses were analyzed for recurring themes. Results A total of 318 asymptomatic women underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing during this 2-week period. Six of the eight women (75%) who tested positive reported negative in-hospital experiences secondary to perceived lack of provider and partner support and neonatal separation after birth. Among the 310 women who tested negative, 34.4% of multiparous women reported increased postpartum anxiety compared with their prior deliveries due to concerns about infectious exposure in the hospital and lack of social support. Only 27.6% of women, tested negative, found their test result to be reassuring. Job satisfaction and job-related anxiety among health care workers were negatively affected. Universal testing was viewed favorably by the majority of health care workers despite concerns about delays or alterations in patient care and maternal and neonatal separation. Conclusion Universal testing for SARS-CoV-2 in obstetric units has mixed effects on maternal mental health but is viewed favorably by labor and delivery employees. Ongoing evaluation of new testing protocols is paramount to balance staff and patient safety with quality and equality of care. Key Points
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Trott, Paul, and Ilse Blignault. "Cost evaluation of a telepsychiatry service in northern Queensland." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 4, no. 1_suppl (March 1998): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633981931515.
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We conducted a simple comparison of the costs associated with delivering a mental health service by telepsychiatry and by conventional methods. The telepsychiatry rural outreach service was delivered to a mining town 900km from the regional hospital in Townsville. When the telemedicine service was well established, 40 cases a month were seen for general adult psychiatry, four for child and adolescent mental health, four for psychology and two for forensic services. Costs and quality-of-life issues were considered. The savings to the health authority were estimated to be $85,380 in the first year and $112,790 in subsequent years, not allowing for maintenance and equipment upgrading. We also estimated a 40%reduction in patient transfers due to the introduction of telemedicine. Based on the previous year's figures of 27 transfers at $8920 each, this would produce an annual saving of $96,336 for the Royal Flying Doctor Service. The results of the study showed considerable savings from reduced travel by patients and health-care workers.
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Purtell, Jade, and Philip Mendes. "Stand By Me – Flexible and Holistic Support for Young Care Leavers: Smoothing Transitions from Care." Children Australia 41, no. 3 (August 17, 2016): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2016.18.
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Young people placed in out-of-home care (OHC) through Child Protection in Victoria are formally discharged by the expiration of their care order at the age of 18 years or younger. In contrast, young people in Australia generally live in their family home with parents or carers well into their twenties. Whilst there are a range of leaving care and post-care services funded for care leavers, these supports tend to be temporary and discretionary in contrast to the ongoing support young people receive whilst in care or, in some cases, from family and social networks post care. Numerous studies have documented the developmental challenges experienced by young people leaving state care, and the often poor outcomes faced by this group. The Stand By Me (SBM) programme was developed in Victoria to replicate the ongoing support provided in the UK to care leavers by Personal Advisers who remain available to assist young people until 21 years of age. Evaluation of the SBM programme has shown that ongoing, holistic support, including housing support, has assisted 12 young people through the SBM pilot to access stable housing, address multiple and complex issues, and form trusting relationships with SBM workers that contribute to positive outcomes.
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Güven Bağla, Aysel, Merve Arıkan, Rabia Özlem Kılıç, Fatma Orulluoğlu, İlayda Kuyucu, Merve Özğan, Baran Öngü, et al. "Evaluation the level of the knowledge about child abuse and neglect for health care workers, teachers and 1st year university student." BALIKESIR HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 6, no. 1 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/bsbd.2017.19970.
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Hatfield, Sarah. "Safeguarding the safeguarders: Supporting workers with children who sexually abuse peers." Educational and Child Psychology 31, no. 3 (September 2014): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2014.31.3.33.
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Working with children and young people who sexually abuse peers is arguably one of the most professionally demanding roles in the context of safeguarding and child protection. The field is, therefore, at a potentially higher risk for employee attrition, implying a need for local authorities to make a commitment to training and service evaluation and improvement. This paper is a report on research commissioned by one committed local authority to evaluate training, professional supervision, organisational support and the dynamics of the local teams delivering a front line service to this vulnerable group of young people and their care providers. Of particular concern was the identification of factors that play a role in encouraging professionals either to remain in the safeguarding team or to leave. Twenty-four keyworkers were followed through specific training with pre- and post-measures of resilience and follow-up structured interviews 14 months into service delivery post-training. The occupational attrition rate amongst participants was very high, with only two of the original sample remaining in post. This study found that the training had no impact on personal worker resilience, and although organisational commitment was perceived to be high, neither of these factors proved sufficient to motivate a higher retention rate of trained keyworkers. The results indicated that the real difficulties arose within the smaller local safeguarding/child protection teams in relation to role confusion, structural difficulties and a lack of the necessary level of specialist support.
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Carter, Bernie, and Megan Thomas. "Key Working for Families with Young Disabled Children." Nursing Research and Practice 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/397258.
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For families with a disabled child, the usual challenges of family life can be further complicated by the need to access a wide range of services provided by a plethora of professionals and agencies. Key working aims to support children and their families in navigating these complexities ensuring easy access to relevant, high quality, and coordinated care. The aim of this paper is to explore the key worker role in relation to “being a key worker” and “having a key worker”. The data within this paper draw on a larger evaluation study of the Blackpool Early Support Pilot Programme. The qualitative study used an appreciative and narrative approach and utilised mixed methods (interviews, surveys and a nominal group workshop). Data were collected from 43 participants (parents, key workers, and other stakeholders). All stakeholders who had been involved with the service were invited to participate. In the paper we present and discuss the ways in which key working made a difference to the lives of children and their families. We also consider how key working transformed the perspectives of the key workers creating a deeper and richer understanding of family lives and the ways in which other disciplines and agencies worked. Key working contributed to the shift to a much more family-centred approach, and enhanced communication and information sharing between professionals and agencies improved. This resulted in families feeling more informed. Key workers acted in an entrepreneurial fashion, forging new relationships with families and between families and other stakeholders. Parents of young disabled children and their service providers benefited from key working. Much of the benefit accrued came from strong, relational, and social-professional networking which facilitated the embedding of new ways of working into everyday practice. Using an appreciative inquiry approach provided an effective and relevant way of engaging with parents, professionals, and other stakeholders to explore what was working well with key working within an Early Support Pilot Programme.
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Kram, Nidal A.-Z., Victoria Yesufu, Breanne Lott, Kelly N. B. Palmer, Mobolanle Balogun, and John Ehiri. "‘Making the most of our situation’: a qualitative study reporting health providers’ perspectives on the challenges of implementing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in Lagos, Nigeria." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e046263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046263.
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ObjectivesTo investigate the challenges of, and opportunities for, effective delivery of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services from the perspectives of primary healthcare providers in Lagos, Nigeria.DesignThis qualitative study consisted of nine focus groups with 59 health providers, analysed thematically.SettingThirty-eight primary health facilities in central and western districts of Lagos, Nigeria.ParticipantsParticipants included nurses, nursing assistants, community health workers, laboratory workers, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, monitoring and evaluation staff and medical records personnel.ResultsHealth providers’ challenges included frustration with the healthcare system where unmet training needs, lack of basic amenities for effective and safe treatment practices, low wages and inefficient workflow were discussed. Providers discussed patient-level challenges, which included the practice of giving fake contact information for fear of HIV-related stigmatisation, and refusal to accept HIV-positive results and to enrol in care. Providers’ suggestions for addressing PMTCT service delivery challenges included the provision of adequate supplies and training of healthcare workers. To mitigate stigmatisation, participants suggested home-based care, working with traditional birth attendants and religious institutions and designating a HIV health educator for each neighbourhood.ConclusionsFindings illustrate the complex nature of PMTCT service delivery and illuminate issues at the patient and health system levels. These results may be used to inform strategies for addressing identified barriers and to improve the provision of PMTCT services, thus ensuring better outcomes for women and families.
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Baker, Helen, Roger Rochat, Kenneth Hepburn, Monique Hennink, Macoumba Thiam, Cyrille Guede, Andre Koalaga, et al. "‘It is a question of determination’: a case study of monitoring and evaluation of integrated family planning services in urban areas of Togo." Gates Open Research 3 (May 1, 2019): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12944.1.
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Background: Integrating family planning into postabortion and postpartum services can increase contraceptive use and decrease maternal and child death; however, little information exists on the monitoring and evaluation of such programs. This article draws on research completed by the EngenderHealth’s AgirPF project in three urban areas of Togo on the extent to which monitoring and evaluation systems of health services, which operated within the AgirPF project area in Togo, captured integrated family planning services. Methods: This mixed methods case study used 25 health facility assessments with health service record review in hospitals, large community clinics, a dispensary, and private clinics and 41 key informant interviews with health faculty, individuals working at reproductive health organizations, individuals involved in reproductive health policy and politics, health care workers, and health facility directors. Results: The study found the reporting system for health care was labor intensive and involved multiple steps for health care workers. The system lacked a standardized method to record family planning services as part of other health care at the patient level, yet the Ministry of Health required integrated family planning services to be reported on district and partner organization reporting forms. Key informants suggested improving the system by using computer-based monitoring, streamlining the reporting process to include all necessary information at the patient level, and standardizing what information is needed for the Ministry of Health and partner organizations. Conclusion: Future research should focus on assessing the best methods for recording integrated health services and task shifting of reporting. Recommendations for future policy and programming include consolidating data for reproductive health indicators, ensuring type of information needed is captured at all levels, and reducing provider workload for reporting.
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Ragavan, Maya I., Vanessa Ferre, and Megan Bair-Merritt. "Thrive: A Novel Health Education Mobile Application for Mothers Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 2 (December 24, 2019): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839919890870.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) has well-documented adverse impact on survivors and their children. In this article, we describe the development and formative evaluation of a trauma-informed, user-friendly Smartphone-based mobile application (app) to address the unmet health needs and improve the well-being of mothers who have experienced IPV. A multidisciplinary team of IPV experts developed the app (called Thrive) in partnership with software developers. Thrive includes three sections: Myself (maternal self-care, stress coping skills), My Child (stress signs in children, talking to children about IPV, mother–child dyadic communication), and My Life (hospital- and community-based resources). Sixteen providers (social workers, IPV advocates, and health care providers) and eight IPV survivors provided feedback about Thrive via structured interviews. Participants found Thrive to be user-friendly, informative, trauma-informed, and a potential alternative to handouts. Participants had several recommendations including allowing users to add their own content and providing social support mechanisms. Initial feedback sessions have demonstrated preliminary acceptability of one of the first health education apps for mothers who have experienced IPV. Next steps include revising Thrive based on user feedback, testing Thrive via a longitudinal outcome evaluation, and working with hospital and community-based partners to disseminate Thrive to IPV survivors around the country.
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Gudžinskienė, Vida, Rita Raudeliūnaitė, and Rokas Uscila. "The Experiences of Social Workers while Preparing Children for Independent Living in the Community Foster Care Homes." Pedagogika 125, no. 1 (April 13, 2017): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2017.12.
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The order of the Minister Social Security and Labour of December 18, 2013 adopted The Action Plan for the Transition from Institutional Care to the Family and Community Based Services to the Children with Disabilities and the Children who Have Lost Parental Care for 2014–2020. The purpose of the transition of residential institutions for children from institutional care to family and community-based provision of the services to the children, who have lost parental care, is to ensure a harmonious environment and conditions to the children, who have lost parental care, to grow in the family or household of guardians or adoptive parents and receive assistance in the community. It is important for a child to grow in a family environment which stimulates children’s independence, full and complete participation in the community and social inclusion. When restructuring children’s care homes, it is foreseen to create new and expand the existing community services which are alternative to institutional care: communal children’s care homes of up to 8 children when they are given residence in flats, houses. One of the priorities of the restructuring of children care is to prepare a child for an independent life. While the process of restructuring is underway' no studies', which analyze the improvement of the preparation of children, who reside in the community foster care homes, have been conducted. Therefore, it is relevant to conduct studies on the improvement of the development of independent life skills of children in the context of the restructuring of care homes.
The purpose of the study is to reveal the experiences of social workers while educating children for independent living in the community foster care homes.
The study questions: 1) What independent living skills children lack while living in the community foster care homes? 2) What difficulties are encountered by social workers while developing the independence of the children of the community foster care homes? 3) How social workers overcome arising difficulties?
Qualitative research type was chosen for the study. In the study, the method of a semi-structured interview, which enables to come close to the understanding of human experiences, designation of meanings, the definition of meanings and the construction (explanation) of reality, was used. The obtained data were analyzed by the content analysis method. Qualitative content analysis was carried out in accordance with the inductive, study data based and categories composed logic. According to J. W. Creswell (2009), content analysis is a technique which, having examined the specificities of the text, allows, objectively and systematically, draw reliable conclusions. The qualitative content analysis was performed regarding the following sequence (Creswell, 2009): repeated reading of the content of transcript interview texts, distinction of meaning elements in the text analysed, grouping of the distinguished meaning elements into categories and sub-categories, integration of the categories/sub-categories into the context of the phenomenon analysed and description of their analysis.
Criteria-based sample was used in the study. The informants were chosen according to the following criteria: 1) social workers who have a degree in social work, 2) social workers who work in the community foster care homes for children.
The study was conducted in the September-October of 2016 in the community foster care homes for children. 10 social workers participated in the study.
The study revealed that while preparing the children of the community foster care homes for independent living social workers experience the difficulties in (self-) developing domestic skills (food cooking, shopping, paying bills), social skills (communication and cooperation, organizational) and personal skills (the lack of adequate self-evaluation, self-control skills and self-confidence skills). Social workers, who work in the community foster care homes for children, develop independence skills in children by using verbal methods (individual and group conversations), assigning individual and group practical tasks, drawing on the team of the community foster care homes for children and cooperating with the specialists of other institutions. Social workers hope that the restructuring of institutional care and the changes related to it like creation of domestic environment and the possibilities for household management create better prerequisites for the preparation of children for independent living.
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Carter, E. J., B. Mungai, T. Njoroge, A. Masese, D. Szkwarko, P. Angala, A. Ronoh, et al. "Finding the missing children for TB care and prevention in Kenya." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 26, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 1144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.22.0102.
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SETTING: One hundred high TB burden facilities in nine counties in Kenya.OBJECTIVES: 1) To increase uptake of TB preventive therapy (TPT) among child contacts aged <5 years, and 2) to increase TB diagnosis in children aged <15 years presenting to health facilities for routine care.DESIGN: For objective 1, a clinic-based child contact management strategy incorporating transport/healthcare cost reimbursement, monitoring and evaluation tools, and healthcare worker education was utilized. For objective 2, community health screeners were established in pediatric outpatient departments to perform verbal screening, flagging symptomatic children for further evaluation.RESULTS: Over 15 months, identification of 8,060 individuals diagnosed with bacteriologically confirmed TB led to 2,022 child contacts. Of these, 1,848 (91%) were evaluated; 149 (8%) were diagnosed with TB disease, leaving 1,699 (92%) eligible for TPT; 1,613 (95%) initiated TPT and 1,335 (83%) completed TPT. In outpatient settings, 140,444 children were screened; 54,236 (39%) had at least two TB symptoms; 2,395 (4%) were diagnosed with TB diseaseCONCLUSION: Health system strengthening supporting a clinic-based child contact management program increased the number of children initiating TPT. Systematic screening in outpatient clinics can lead to increased TB case notifications; however, optimal screening tools and clearer diagnostic pathways for the evaluation of these children are needed.
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Rothstein, Jessica D., Larissa Jennings, Anitha Moorthy, Fan Yang, Lisa Gee, Karen Romano, David Hutchful, Alain B. Labrique, and Amnesty E. LeFevre. "Qualitative Assessment of the Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability of a Mobile Client Data App for Community-Based Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Care in Rural Ghana." International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2515420.
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Mobile phone applications may enhance the delivery of critical health services and the accuracy of health service data. Yet, the opinions and experiences of frontline health workers on using mobile apps to track pregnant and recently delivered women are underreported. This evaluation qualitatively assessed the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of a mobile Client Data App for maternal, neonatal, and child client data management by community health nurses (CHNs) in rural Ghana. The mobile app enabled CHNs to enter, summarize, and query client data. It also sent visit reminders for clients and provided a mechanism to report level of care to district officers. Fourteen interviews and two focus groups with CHNs, midwives, and district health officers were conducted, coded, and thematically analyzed. Results indicated that the app was easily integrated into care, improved CHN productivity, and was acceptable due to its capacity to facilitate client follow-up, data reporting, and decision-making. However, the feasibility and usability of the app were hindered by high client volumes, staff shortages, and software and device challenges. Successful integration of mobile client data apps for frontline health workers in rural and resource-poor settings requires real-time monitoring, program investments, and targeted changes in human resources.
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Allen, Jeanette, and Panos Vostanis. "The Impact of Abuse and Trauma on the Developing Child: An Evaluation of a Training Programme for Foster Carers and Supervising Social Workers." Adoption & Fostering 29, no. 3 (October 2005): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590502900308.
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Jeanette Allen and Panos Vostanis describe the set-up and preliminary evaluation of a seven-week training programme for foster carers and supervising social workers based on attachment theory. It has long been recognised that parenting children with complex and challenging needs in a family setting is extremely demanding, with research indicating that foster carers' lack of confidence in managing such demands is a significant factor in placement breakdown. This study suggests that attachment theory provides a useful model to help carers understand and respond to the complex difficulties presented by children with a history of abuse and trauma, and that the provision of a conceptual framework may be a significant factor in improving foster carers' confidence to manage the difficulties presented by the children in their care. The clinical implications of this evaluation are discussed.
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Viajar, Rowena V., Julieta B. Dorado, Glenda P. Azaña, Heidenhein A. Ibarra, Eldridge B. Ferrer, and Mario V. Capanzana. "Process Evaluation of Nutrition Intervention Strategy in a Local Philippine Setting." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272091540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720915407.
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Aims: Undernutrition among 0 to 5 years old children remains a public health problem in the Philippines. This process evaluation study documented and examined the implementation of an intervention strategy for young children. Methods: Complementary feeding of 6-month to 2-year-old children was implemented for 120 days by the municipalities of Plaridel and Pulilan in Bulacan, Philippines utilizing local-based food made of rice and mung bean along with nutrition education classes among mothers/caregivers using the developed nutrition modules. A total of 121 mother-/caregiver-child pairs were the program participants of the intervention. Pre-post design were used in the analysis of quantitative data. Qualitative data were encoded verbatim manually using emerging themes. Key informant interviews among community workers and municipal officials and focus group discussions among mothers/caregivers and community workers were conducted to gather the needed data. Results: The municipalities adhered to the program phases of planning, organizing, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. At end-line, the weight of children participants increased in both municipalities and the mean nutrition knowledge scores of mothers/caregivers increased significantly ( P < .05). Conclusions: This process evaluation confirmed that the proposed nutrition intervention strategy for young children can be implemented at the local level. The strong support and active cooperation of the local program implementers and mothers/caregivers and adherence to program requirements were the key factors in the efficient implementation of the intervention. For sustainability, the passing of local ordinance for the adoption of intervention and budget support for implementation of the intervention is recommended.
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NISHIMOTO, Masato, Shinsuke KAWAI, Shoji IMAI, and Taku HIBINO. "EVALUATION BY CHILD CARE WORKER AND TEACHER ON NURSERY ROOM BY INTERIOR OF WOODEN FINISH." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 84, no. 756 (2019): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.84.355.
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Wilson, Annabelle M., Anthea M. Magarey, James Dollman, Michelle Jones, and Nadia Mastersson. "The challenges of quantitative evaluation of a multi-setting, multi-strategy community-based childhood obesity prevention programme: lessons learnt from the eat well be active Community Programs in South Australia." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 8 (October 13, 2009): 1262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009991807.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe the rationale, development and implementation of the quantitative component of evaluation of a multi-setting, multi-strategy, community-based childhood obesity prevention project (the eat well be active (ewba) Community Programs) and the challenges associated with this process and some potential solutions.Designewba has a quasi-experimental design with intervention and comparison communities. Baseline data were collected in 2006 and post-intervention measures will be taken from a non-matched cohort in 2009. Schoolchildren aged 10–12 years were chosen as one litmus group for evaluation purposes.SettingThirty-nine primary schools in two metropolitan and two rural communities in South Australia.SubjectsA total of 1732 10–12-year-old school students completed a nutrition and/or a physical activity questionnaire and 1637 had anthropometric measures taken; 983 parents, 286 teachers, thirty-six principals, twenty-six canteen and thirteen out-of-school-hours care (OSHC) workers completed Program-specific questionnaires developed for each of these target groups.ResultsThe overall child response rate for the study was 49 %. Sixty-five per cent, 43 %, 90 %, 90 % and 68 % of parent, teachers, principals, canteen and OSHC workers respectively, completed and returned questionnaires. A number of practical, logistical and methodological challenges were experienced when undertaking this data collection.ConclusionsLearnings from the process of quantitative baseline data collection for the ewba Community Programs can provide insights for other researchers planning similar studies with similar methods, particularly those evaluating multi-strategy programmes across multiple settings.
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Edgcombe, Hilary, Chris Paton, and Mike English. "Enhancing emergency care in low-income countries using mobile technology-based training tools." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 12 (September 22, 2016): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-310875.
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In this paper, we discuss the role of mobile technology in developing training tools for health workers, with particular reference to low-income countries (LICs). The global and technological context is outlined, followed by a summary of approaches to using and evaluating mobile technology for learning in healthcare. Finally, recommendations are made for those developing and using such tools, based on current literature and the authors' involvement in the field.
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Miguel, M., E. Cooke, and J. Chawla. "O017 Parents’ experiences of having a child with Down Syndrome and sleep difficulties." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.016.
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Abstract Introduction This qualitative study that investigates parents’ experiences of having a child with Down Syndrome (DS) and sleep difficulties is a part of a broader mixed-method study entitled Sleep Difficulties in Children with Down Syndrome: An Evaluation of Parent/Carer and Family Quality of Life. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 parents (fathers n = 4 and mothers n = 22), and reflexive Thematic Analysis (TA) was operationalised for data analysis. The interviews covered the following key topics: DS diagnosis; timeline of their child’s sleep patterns and difficulties; implications for parental sleep, day-time function, and well-being; family dynamics; and access to supports. Results Most participants described negative experiences at time of diagnosis, including not feeling listened to, and receiving inconsistent, insensitive and inadequate information and/or treatment. Most strikingly, no parents recall receiving sleep specific information. Most participants described their child’s sleep difficulties affecting their own sleep, day-time function and family dynamics, yet they commonly normalised these experiences. Such normalisation was a recurring theme across their experiences of having a child with DS and is contextualised by their accounts of resisting prejudiced attitudes towards their child since diagnosis. Discussion This is the first qualitative study to investigate parents’ experiences of having a child with DS and sleep difficulties. Implications include professional development for health care workers focusing on sleep as a significant comorbidity for these children, and awareness of families’ tendencies to normalise their experiences when delivering care.
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O’Donnell, Renée, Muriel Bamblett, Gabrielle Johnson, Sue-Anne Hunter, Kerry Stringer, Shantai Croisdale, Bengianni Pizzirani, Darshini Ayton, Melissa Savaglio, and Helen Skouteris. "Evaluation of the Cradle to Kinder programme for Aboriginal mothers and their children: perspectives from the women and their workers." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (August 7, 2020): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.40.
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AbstractThis research was undertaken on the lands of the Wurundjeri people of the Kulin nation. We pay our respects to Elders of the past, present and emerging, and also acknowledge the generous contribution to this research made by women and their families and Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency (VACCA) staff. Aboriginal Cradle to Kinder (AC2K) is a home-visiting and advocacy programme focussed on promoting Aboriginal maternal and child health during both pre- and postnatal stages of parenthood which was delivered by VACCA, an Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisation. While there have been some feasibility assessments conducted on AC2K, no study to date has evaluated the impact of this programme from the perspective of neither the women nor the staff who deliver the programme. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate how both the women and the staff evaluated the AC2K programme, namely the strengths, limitations and recommendations of the programme. Through consultation with VACCA, this study used a qualitative approach using interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the processes underpinning the programme coupled with participants’ experiences of the programme. A co-design process was used in the development of interview questions, and a total of seven women and six workers participated in semi-structured interviews. The results revealed three superordinate themes across both participant groups: cultural connection (i.e. how well the programme facilitates cultural connection), system complexities (i.e. caseloads, staff turnover and child protection [CP] difficulties) and programme features (i.e. parenting enhancement and unique programme benefits). The processes, and the programme more broadly, were evaluated positively by both the women and staff who supported its delivery. Specifically, a greater connection to culture, increased parenting skills and unique programme benefits were reported. However, there were recommendations on how the programme could be further strengthened, including negotiable caseloads with the Department and improved partnership with CP. These changes can help to further improve the experiences of both the women and their workers when engaging in Aboriginal specific maternal health and well-being supports.
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Bates, John. "An evaluation of the use of information technology in child care services and its implications for the education and training of social workers." Social Work Education 14, no. 1 (January 1995): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02615479511220051.
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L. N., Deepa, and Gopinath D. "Evaluation of health information system in reproductive and child health program at primary health center level: a system analysis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20164705.
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Background: Primary aim of health information system is, using it in decision-making. Not many systematic studies on actual status of health information system are available. So this study was undertaken to evaluate the current status of Health Information System (HIS) at the primary level in relation to selective components of Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme and to determine its utilization for identification of problem and decision making at that level.Methods:Cross sectional study done in Bangalore Urban District. HIS was analyzed for completeness, timeliness and utilization. Monthly reports of previous 3 months from PHCs were looked for completeness and timeliness. Utilization of information was assessed by interviewing the medical officers of 4 PHCs for actions they intend to take for modifying the performance; prior to and also after providing them with analyzed information of the available data (customization of data). Both these were compared for differences and specificity of responses. For customization of the data, sub center reports were reviewed and few beneficiaries were interviewed.Results: 85% of the reporting formats were incompletely filled. It was observed an increase in number of medical officers giving more specific actions such as review in monthly meeting, ask explanation by specific sub-center health worker for not giving follow up care to improve the performance than the responses which were more general prior to receiving the customized data. It shows that MOs are not utilizing the available health information for identification of problem or to make decisions.Conclusions:This study showed that medical officers are signing the monthly reports prepared by health workers, without actually using the information at least to identify the problem as it was seen that coverage in one sub-centre was consistently low for all the three months but didn’t focus their actions towards that sub center.
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Genik, Lara M., Elisabeth L. Aerts, Hiba Nauman, Chantel C. Barney, Stephen P. Lewis, and C. Meghan McMurtry. "A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating a Pain Training for Respite Workers Supporting Children With Disabilities Part Two: Training Evaluations and the Impact of Training on Knowledge Application." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 126, no. 4 (June 23, 2021): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-126.4.289.
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Abstract Within a parallel-group randomized control trial, pain training's impact on Respite Workers' (RW) care approaches and training evaluations was explored. RW (n = 158) from 14 organizations received pain or control training following randomization. Researchers were blind until randomization; allocations were not shared explicitly with organizations/participants. Participants completed a strategy use questionnaire immediately before and an evaluation immediately after training completion. Four-to-6 weeks later, participants completed the strategy use questionnaire and semistructured focus groups. No differences in pain approaches were noted in strategy use questionnaires. Per focus groups, both groups acquired a “knowing” about pain and applied pain-related care approaches in similarly. Pain training participants identified need for “growing and strengthening” pain knowledge. Training endorsements were favorable. RW pain training has value and may impact practice.
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Borghi, Josephine, Peter Binyaruka, Iddy Mayumana, Siri Lange, Vincent Somville, and Ottar Maestad. "Long-term effects of payment for performance on maternal and child health outcomes: evidence from Tanzania." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 12 (December 2021): e006409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006409.
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BackgroundThe success of payment for performance (P4P) schemes relies on their ability to generate sustainable changes in the behaviour of healthcare providers. This paper examines short-term and longer-term effects of P4P in Tanzania and the reasons for these changes.MethodsWe conducted a controlled before and after study and an embedded process evaluation. Three rounds of facility, patient and household survey data (at baseline, after 13 months and at 36 months) measured programme effects in seven intervention districts and four comparison districts. We used linear difference-in-difference regression analysis to determine programme effects, and differential effects over time. Four rounds of qualitative data examined evolution in programme design, implementation and mechanisms of change.ResultsProgramme effects on the rate of institutional deliveries and antimalarial treatment during antenatal care reduced overtime, with stock out rates of antimalarials increasing over time to baseline levels. P4P led to sustained improvements in kindness during deliveries, with a wider set of improvements in patient experience of care in the longer term. A change in programme management and funding delayed incentive payments affecting performance on some indicators. The verification system became more integrated within routine systems over time, reducing the time burden on managers and health workers. Ongoing financial autonomy and supervision sustained motivational effects in those aspects of care giving not reliant on funding.ConclusionOur study adds to limited and mixed evidence documenting how P4P effects evolve over time. Our findings highlight the importance of undertaking ongoing assessment of effects over time.
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Chen, Yunwei, Yuju Wu, Sarah-Eve Dill, Yian Guo, Christopher Michael Westgard, Alexis Medina, Ann M. Weber, et al. "Effect of the mHealth-supported Healthy Future programme delivered by community health workers on maternal and child health in rural China: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e065403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065403.
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IntroductionMillions of young rural children in China still suffer from poor health and malnutrition, partly due to a lack of knowledge about optimal perinatal and child care among rural mothers and caregivers. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need to improve maternal mental health in rural communities. Comprehensive home visiting programmes delivered by community health workers (CHWs) can bridge the caregiver knowledge gap and improve child health and maternal well-being in low-resource settings, but the effectiveness of this approach is unknown in rural China. Additionally, grandmothers play important roles in child care and family decision-making in rural China, suggesting the importance of engaging multiple caregivers in interventions. The Healthy Future programme seeks to improve child health and maternal well-being by developing a staged-based curriculum that CHWs deliver to mothers and caregivers of young children through home visits with the assistance of a tablet-based mHealth system. This protocol describes the design and evaluation plan for this programme.Methods and analysisWe designed a cluster-randomised controlled trial among 119 rural townships in four nationally designated poverty counties in Southwestern China. We will compare the outcomes between three arms: one standard arm with only primary caregivers participating in the intervention, one encouragement arm engaging primary and secondary caregivers and one control arm with no intervention. Families with pregnant women or infants under 6 months of age are invited to enrol in the 12-month study. Primary outcomes include children’s haemoglobin levels, exclusive breastfeeding rates and dietary diversity in complementary feeding. Secondary outcomes include a combination of health, behavioural and intermediate outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been provided by Stanford University, Sichuan University and the University of Nevada, Reno. Trial findings will be disseminated through national and international peer-reviewed publications and conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN16800789.
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Sočan, Gregor, Katja Groleger Sršen, Gaj Vidmar, and Anton Zupan. "Model-based validation of the Slovenian 20-item version of the Measure of Processes of Care." European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 5, no. 1 (May 23, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v5i1.1220.
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Rationale and aims: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC-20) is a self-administered questionnaire for parents of chronically ill or disabled children to report on their experiences of the care process. The aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity of the Slovenian adaptation of MPOC-20. Method: One hundred and seventy-four parents of children with a chronic illness/disability, treated at 7 public healthcare institutions in Slovenia, completed MPOC-20 and a questionnaire about their child, themselves and their family. Results: The slightly modified measurement model fitted well to the data. The model was then extended into a structural regression model, which included several predictors of MPOC-20 latent factors. The child’s gender and the presence of a key worker emerged as the most relevant predictors. Conclusions: We propose a small change in the scoring of MPOC-20. The presence of a key worker improves the parents’ evaluation of the processes of care for their child.
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Gonzalez, Wendy, Anabelle Bonvecchio Arenas, Armando García-Guerra, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Alejandría Villa de la Vega, Laura Quezada, Cynthia Rosas, Ana Lilia Lozada-Tequeanes, and Amira Hernández. "An Iterative Process for Training Design and Implementation Increased Health Workers’ Knowledge for Taking Nutrition Behavior Change to Scale." Journal of Nutrition 149, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2019): 2323S—2331S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz203.
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ABSTRACTBackgroundThe shortage of skilled, motivated, and well-supported health workers is a major barrier to scaling up nutrition interventions and services.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to describe the process for developing and implementing a training of health personnel for the delivery of the Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN), an evidence-based strategy for promoting infant and young child feeding through primary health care in Mexico. The specific objective is to provide a case study and highlight challenges, as well as elements to successfully mitigate these, and discuss potential applications of findings beyond the Mexican context.MethodsThe design and implementation of training followed a 5-phase process: situation analysis, formative research, large-scale feasibility study, redesign and scale up, and evaluation. We conducted document reviews, surveys, and focus groups during the first phases to inform and refine the training, as well as a pre- and posttraining telephone survey to evaluate change in knowledge.ResultsThe initial phases of the design provided a clear understanding of the opportunities and challenges for promoting infant and young child feeding, as well as health workers’ routines and practices, which informed training design. The feasibility study allowed tailoring and refinement of training. The vertical coherence and coordination between the federal and state levels during redesign and scale up facilitated compliance with training timeline and process. Evaluation results showed significant improvement in knowledge posttraining of up to 19 percentage points.ConclusionsThe EsIAN training component for health providers was developed using a systematic approach to consolidate and generate relevant evidence, following an iterative process to test, learn, and improve both design and implementation. This process allowed for flexibility to take advantage of new opportunities and respond to findings from iterations. Garnering and ensuring political support allowed for continuity and sustainability of actions.
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Sabo, Samantha, Matthew Butler, Kelly McCue, Patrick Wightman, Vern Pilling, Martín Celaya, and Sara Rumann. "Evaluation protocol to assess maternal and child health outcomes using administrative data: a community health worker home visiting programme." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e031780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031780.
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IntroductionEmerging evidence suggests community health workers (CHWs) delivering preventive maternal and child health (MCH) interventions through home visiting improve several important health outcomes, including initiation of prenatal care, healthy birth weight and uptake of childhood immunisations.Methods and analysisThe Arizona Health Start Program is a behavioral-based home visiting intervention, which uses CHWs to improve MCH outcomes through health education, referral support, and advocacy services for at-risk pregnant and postpartum women with children up to 2 years of age. We aim to test our central hypothesis that mothers and children exposed to this intervention will experience positive health outcomes in the areas of (1) newborn health; (2) maternal health and healthcare utilisation; and (3) child health and development. This paper outlines our protocol to retrospectively evaluate Health Start Program administrative data from 2006 to 2015, equaling 15 576 enrollees. We will use propensity score matching to generate a statistically similar control group. Our analytic sample size is sufficient to detect meaningful programme effects from low-frequency events, including preterm births, low and very low birth weights, maternal morbidity, and differences in immunisation and hospitalisation rates.Ethics and disseminationThis work is supported through an inter-agency contract from the Arizona Department of Health Services and is approved by the University of Arizona Research Institutional Review Board (Protocol 1701128802, approved 25 January 2017). Evaluation of the three proposed outcome areas will be completed by June 2020.
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Çakmak, Güzin, and Zeynel Abidin Öztürk. "Being Both a Parent and a Healthcare Worker in the Pandemic: Who Could Be Exhausted More?" Healthcare 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050564.
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(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the living conditions of many people. Many people felt significantly constrained. However, for individuals who are both parents and healthcare professionals, the situation seems more troubling in other ways. (2) Objectives: Based on this, we planned a study evaluating demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related anxiety levels, and parenting-related stress levels of the health care professionals who were working in the University Hospital. We also evaluated the parameters that affect COVID-19-related anxiety and parenting stress. (3) Methods: The level of COVID-19-related anxiety is assessed by the coronavirus anxiety scale. The parenting stress index-short form is used for evaluation of parenting stress. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 22. (4) Results: Female gender, working as a nurse, a history of COVID-19, and having a child attending daycare were parameters that increased the level of COVID-19-related anxiety. Occupation, being a parent of a schoolchild and/or primary school child, being a parent of a child receiving face-to-face education, and having more than two children were found to be risk factors for parenting stress. Clinically significant parenting stress was found to increase threefold in healthcare workers with more than two children (R2 = 0.101, p = 0.039). (5) Conclusions: Healthcare professionals, who are also parents, play a huge role both at home and in the hospital in the pandemic. Therefore, it is inevitable that their stress and anxiety levels increase. It is important to determine the factors that cause stress and anxiety and to take measures in this direction to get through this process well.
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Edwards, Kim, Nez Elik, C. Meghan McMurtry, Sheri Findlay, Allison Rodrigues, and Deepa Kattailr. "TWO YEARS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW INTERDISCIPLINARY PEDIATRIC CHRONIC PAIN PROGRAM: OPPORTUNITIES, INITIATIVES, AND CHALLENGES." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e1-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.003.
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Abstract BACKGROUND “…The field of paediatric pain medicine has demonstrated the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration more than any other endeavour” (Law, Palermo, & Walco, 2013). Recently, the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care announced the funding of specialty paediatric chronic pain programs in several children’s hospitals across the province of Ontario, including McMaster Children’s Hospital. The Pediatric Chronic Pain Program includes Physicians (Pediatricians, Psychiatrist, Anesthesiologist), Psychologists, Child Life Specialist, Registered Nurse, Nurse Practitioner, Occupational Therapist, Physiotherapist, Social Workers, Pharmacist, and a Clinical Manager. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this poster is to highlight new initiatives within our clinic, including the development of a pain education session for families, group treatments (e.g., a 5 week Rise Above Pain Group; a 5-week Parenting Group), and a research database (to allow for program evaluation integrated within our clinical work). DESIGN/METHODS Challenges in developing a new clinic/new programs and providing care to complex families (e.g., professional roles and competencies, diagnostic discrepancies) will be discussed. CONCLUSION Implications for program development in new and established clinics will be highlighted.