Journal articles on the topic 'Child care Nepal'
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Amatya, Puja, Dhruba Shrestha, Suchita Joshi, Arun Sharma, Shrijana Shrestha, and Sangita Basnet. "Nepal Pediatric Society Guidelines for the Safe Transport of Critically Ill Children in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 41, no. 2 (November 3, 2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v41i2.35055.
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Transport of critically ill children is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality in developing countries due to the lack of adequate resources and skilled personnel. Transport of the sick child remains a major challenge in Nepal as well. The main objective of this article is to describe the importance of safe transport, and be a resource and guide for health care personnel during inter-facility transport of sick children in Nepal. This guideline is based on consensus statement of Nepal Pediatric Critical Care Working Group (NPCCWG) under the aegis of the Nepal Pediatric Society (NEPAS). It includes different components of transport, namely essential equipment, patient preparation, communications, medications, and transport checklist, that are required during transport of sick children, taking into consideration the current resources available in our health care facilities.
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Pokhrel, Subhash, Rachel Snow, Hengjin Dong, Budi Hidayat, Steffen Flessa, and Rainer Sauerborn. "Gender role and child health care utilization in Nepal." Health Policy 74, no. 1 (September 2005): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.12.013.
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Pandey, Shanta, and Hae nim Lee. "Determinants of child immunization in Nepal: The role of women’s empowerment." Health Education Journal 71, no. 6 (September 13, 2011): 642–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896911419343.
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Background: Approximately 1.4 million or 13% of all children who die each year could be prevented with widely-available vaccines. Objective: We examined if women’s empowerment improved child immunization using data on 1,056 mothers with young children from Nepal. Methods: The study utilized the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, a nationally-representative sample of 10,793 women from 8,707 households across Nepal. We selected all mothers with first child between the ages of 12 and 23 months at the time of interview. This resulted in a sample of 1,056 mothers. Results: Among the measures of women’s empowerment, mothers’ education was significantly associated with child immunization. The odds of being fully immunized for children of mothers with secondary education were 5.91 times the odds for children of mothers without any formal education. Other measures of women’s empowerment – women’s age at birth of first child, gap in age between spouses, women’s knowledge about sexually-transmitted diseases, their role in intra-household financial, health and mobility decisions, and their perceptions toward wife beating – were not associated with child immunization. Among control variables, mothers who received antenatal care were 3.31 times as likely to immunize their children as mothers who did not receive any antenatal care. Other such barriers to health service use such as cost of care, distance to health services, and quality of health services were not significant. Conclusions: To improve child immunization, Nepal should strengthen its antenatal care services. Additionally, over 56% of mothers in Nepal had no formal education; to improve child health in the long run, the country should focus on education of women and girls.
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Shrestha, Bidhya. "Mother’s Education and Antenatal Care Visits in Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 32, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v32i2.24712.
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The proper use of antenatal care (ANC) visit is the first step to prevent both mother and child health. This is also one of the key components to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The study is an attempt to assess the relation between mother’s education and utilization of ANC services in Nepal. It is completely based on data of national representative 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey that covered 2,746 currently married women, aged 15-49 years who had at least one child in the last three years preceding the survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of education on the utilization of ANC services. Results showed that a higher level of maternal education increased the chance of utilizing ANC services than those with little or no education. The importance of maternal education continued even when other socioeconomic factors are taken into account. This indicates that mother’s education contribute to increase the use of proper ANC services.
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SHAKYA, KUSHUM, and CHRISTINE McMURRAY. "NEONATAL MORTALITY AND MATERNAL HEALTH CARE IN NEPAL: SEARCHING FOR PATTERNS OF ASSOCIATION." Journal of Biosocial Science 33, no. 1 (January 2001): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932001000876.
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This study explores the factors associated with neonatal mortality and maternal health care in Nepal. The subjects were 4375 births reported in the 1996 Nepal Family Health Survey. Maternal and child health care was found to have a significant association with neonatal mortality, although preceding birth interval and sex of child had stronger effects. Four aspects of maternal care were found to be highly associated with region, household ownership of assets, mother’s education and father’s education. This indicates that accessibility, affordability and availability of maternal health care are important factors to consider in future research on neonatal mortality.
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Sharma, G., and S. Pandey. "Beyond the Rhetoric: Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival in Nepal." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 10, no. 2 (January 15, 2016): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v10i2.14343.
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Nepal has performed exceptionally in improving reproductive, maternal and child health outcomes over the past two decades. In this article, we discuss these achievements and outline a vision for the future of maternal, newborn and child survival in Nepal after the era of the Millennium Development Goals. On the pathway towards quality universal health care services for all, we propose strengthening of health information systems, gradual health system reforms, improvement of existing facility based services, development of integrated service delivery models, improved technical and managerial capacity at district and facility levels. Elimination of all preventable causes of maternal, newborn and child deaths in Nepal should be our collective aspirational goal.
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Rezai, Tania, Kedar Baral, Samir Koirala, Sudarshan Paudel, and Saraswati Kache. "Assessing neonatal care practices in rural Nepal." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v2i2.20326.
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Introductions: Child health indicators of under-five and infant mortality has improved in Nepal, but neonatal mortality remains high. The aim of this study is to assess neonatal care practices among mothers in rural Nepal.Methods: A household survey was conducted in the village of Daman in Makwanpur district, Nepal. All households that had an infant less than one year of age, and had been residing in Daman for greater than six months were included in the study.Results: There were 117 mothers with neonate assessed. The average age of mothers was 24 years and 39 (33.3%) were illiterate, 53 (45.3%) were home births and 36 (30.8%) births were registered. Ninety seven (82.9%) neonates cried immediately after birth, 95 (81.1%) used a new or boiled blade for umbilical cord, 20 (16.7%) applied oil to the cord stump and 71 (61%) breastfed within first hour of birth. There was a significant relationship between non-exclusive breastfeeding and sickness.Conclusions: In Daman village community awareness for umbilical cord care and breastfeeding after birth was high. For thermal regulation of the infant, more health education is required.Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2015. page: 23-27
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Karki, Renuka Kumar. "Factors Affecting the Utilization of Antenatal Care Visit in Nepal." Patan Pragya 5, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v5i1.30443.
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The antenatal care is an entry point for maternal and child health care service utilization through which pregnancy risk can be detected and managed and contributes to reducing both the maternal and neonatal mortality. This study is an attempt to identify the factors affecting on the utilization of antenatal care in Nepal. It is based on data of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (2016) that covered 3,998 currently married women, aged 15-49 years who had a live birth in the 5 years preceding the survey. In this study, ANC visit is dependent variables is defined by women who attend ANC as 4 or more visits and the women who attend ANC as less than 4 times visits. Information on socio-demography characteristics and the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) visits are collected. Findings of this study show that different demographic, socio-economic factors are responsible for the utilization of antenatal care services in Nepal. Despite the need and the efforts made by the government of Nepal through different policies to improve access to antenatal care service, complete ANC utilization has been inadequate.
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Thapa, Janak Kumar, Asha Pun, Raj Kumar Subedi, Niraj Giri, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, and Raj Kumar Sangroula. "Status of Maternal and Child Health Seeking Behavior among Women Aged 15-45 Years during Earthquake of 2015 in Nepal: A Mixed Method Study." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, no. 2 (September 7, 2020): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i2.2247.
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Background: Delivery of the maternal and child health services are generally affected during the time of disaster. This study aims to assess the maternal and child health service utilization in areas in Nepal affected by the 2015 earthquake.Methods: A mixed method study was carried in 29 Village Development Committees from nine earthquake-affected districts in Nepal. Quantitative data on maternal, neonatal and child health indicators before and after the earthquake were collected from the Health Management Information System. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews with different stakeholders were conducted to collect qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Qualitative data was analyzed manually using thematic analysis technique.Results: Most of the indicators were comparable before and after the earthquake. Indicators such as Bacille Calmette-Guerin vs. Measles-Rubella vaccine drop-out rate, 1st antenatal care visit, delivery by skilled birth attendant and 1st postnatal care visit within 24 hours of delivery improved after the earthquake. Though most of the health facilities were damaged, health services resumed under tents or in open spaces. Some of the common problems among pregnant women included stomachache, headache, malnutrition, diarrhea, and mental stress. Conclusions: There was not much effect in the delivery of maternal neonatal and child health services. This reflects the coordinated efforts from government as well as non-government organizations and civil societies during and after the earthquake in Nepal. Keywords: Earthquake; maternal and child health; Nepal; service delivery; service utilization.
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Shrestha, Gambhir, Prajwal Paudel, Parashu Ram Shrestha, Shambhu Prasad Jnawali, Deepak Jha, Tek Raj Ojha, and Bikash Lamichhane. "Free Newborn Care Services: A New Initiative in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v16i3.1526.
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Background: Nepal has made a significant progress in reducing child mortality. However, the annual rate of reduction in neonatal mortality is not satisfactory. As safeguarded by constitution of Nepal and to address neonatal mortality due to poverty and inequity, government has introduced free newborn care (FNC) package. This study aims to assess the status of FNC services in all the public hospitals.Methods: Child Health Division organized 5 workshops region-wise with the theme of newborn care services in March/April 2018 to cover all the public hospitals in the country. A template was designed comprising of duration of FNC implementation, number of newborns admitted since implementation, morbidities pattern, and number of babies served. It was circulated and all hospitals were advised to fill it and present in the review. Later, the data were compiled and analyzed.Results: Only 58 presentations out of 93 participated hospitals were included in this study. The total admitted cases were 8564 newborns. The common causes of admission were neonatal sepsis (44.5%) followed by asphyxia (14.29%) and hyperbilirubinemia (11.4%). A total of 1573 neonates received services of FNC package C, 3722 package B, 3081 received package A. The main challenges faced in implementation reported were lack of infrastructure and human resources to provide services and the reimbursement is not enough.Conclusions: Free newborn care is a new initiative taken to reduce neonatal mortality. This package is very helpful to serve sick newborns. However, the package should be revised taking into consideration the appropriate reimbursement and extra staffs to provide this service.Keywords: Free newborn care; government efforts; health services.
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Shrestha, Gambhir, Prajwal Paudel, Parashu Ram Shrestha, Shambhu Prasad Jnawali, Deepak Jha, Tek Raj Ojha, and Bikash Lamichhane. "Free Newborn Care Services: A New Initiative in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i3.21435.
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Background: Nepal has made a significant progress in reducing child mortality. However, the annual rate of reduction in neonatal mortality is not satisfactory. As safeguarded by constitution of Nepal and to address neonatal mortality due to poverty and inequity, government has introduced free newborn care (FNC) package. This study aims to assess the status of FNC services in all the public hospitals.Methods: Child Health Division organized 5 workshops region-wise with the theme of newborn care services in March/April 2018 to cover all the public hospitals in the country. A template was designed comprising of duration of FNC implementation, number of newborns admitted since implementation, morbidities pattern, and number of babies served. It was circulated and all hospitals were advised to fill it and present in the review. Later, the data were compiled and analyzed.Results: Only 58 presentations out of 93 participated hospitals were included in this study. The total admitted cases were 8564 newborns. The common causes of admission were neonatal sepsis (44.5%) followed by asphyxia (14.29%) and hyperbilirubinemia (11.4%). A total of 1573 neonates received services of FNC package C, 3722 package B, 3081 received package A. The main challenges faced in implementation reported were lack of infrastructure and human resources to provide services and the reimbursement is not enough.Conclusions: Free newborn care is a new initiative taken to reduce neonatal mortality. This package is very helpful to serve sick newborns. However, the package should be revised taking into consideration the appropriate reimbursement and extra staffs to provide this service.
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Ghimire, Maya Nath. "Father’s Involvement during the Pregnancy and Child Birth Time in Nepal." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 4, no. 2 (August 29, 2021): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v4i2.39420.
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This study was conducted in two districts: Lamjung and Chitawan. All the respondents were 25 years and above fathers. The study collected data from face to face in–depth interviews. The findings show that almost respondents (fathers) care their pregnancy wives. Furthermore, 25-40 age group respondents care their pregnant wives more sensitively: they are aware of providing rest, not allowing carrying loads, supplying nutritious food, providing love and affection, go together for pregnancy checkup and regular help to solve their wives’ problems at pregnancy time.
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Shrestha, Dhruba, Puja Amatya, Arun Sharma, Shrijana Shrestha, Yograj Sharma, Santosh Pathak, Prakash Jyoti Pokharel, et al. "Nepal Paediatric Society Guideline for use of Antibiotics in Critically ill Children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 41, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v41i3.35051.
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Justification: Overuse and administration of unnecessary and inappropriate antibiotics are the leading causes for the increased antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Judicious use of antimicrobials can prevent this phenomenon. Objective: Create a collaborative outline for the use of antibiotics in the paediatric intensive care unit for various infections, based on evidence, taking into consideration local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Process / Methods: Under the aegis of Nepal Paediatric Society, this guideline has been developed after several meetings of paediatricians working in various hospitals in different parts of Nepal, looking into the prevalent diseases and local sensitivity patterns of antibiotics. Recommendations: This guideline will help standardize the treatment protocol in paediatric intensive care units in Nepal and help paediatricians decide the appropriate use of antibiotics promptly while managing critically ill children. Keywords: Antibiotics; antibiotic sensitivity; antimicrobial resistance; critically ill child; Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
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Basnet, Sangita, Dhruba Shrestha, Puja Amatya, Arun Sharma, Binod Lal Bajracharya, Anil Shrestha, Sudeep Shrestha, et al. "Nepal Paediatric Society Clinical Guidance for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock in the Paediatric Intensive Care Units in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 41, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v41i1.35075.
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Justification: Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nepal. There is a lack of standardisation in the management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Additionally, international guidelines may not be completely applicable to resource limited countries like Nepal.
Objective: Create a collaborative standardised protocol for management of severe sepsis and septic shock for Nepal based on evidence and local resources.
Process / Methods: Paediatricians representing various paediatric intensive care units all over Nepal gathered to discuss clinical practice and delivery of care of sepsis and septic shock under the aegis of Nepal Paediatric Society. After three meetings and several iterations a standardised protocol and algorithm was developed by modifying the existing Surviving Sepsis Guidelines to suit local experience and resources.
Recommendations: Paediatric sepsis and septic shock definitions and management in the early hours of presentation are outlined in text and flow diagram format to simplify and standardise delivery of care to children in the paediatric intensive care setting. These are guidelines and may need to be modified as necessary depending on the resources availability and lack thereof. It is recommended to analyse data moving forward and revise every few years in the advent of additional data.
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Oliván-Gonzalvo, Gonzalo. "Medical Problems of Internationally Adopted Children from Nepal." Scientific Research Journal of Clinical and Medical Sciences 2, no. 01 (January 31, 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47310/srjcms.2022.v02i01.006.
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Background: Spain is one of the main countries in the world in international adoption, and Nepali children account for 0.8% of all adoptees. According to United Nations, Nepal is a poorly developed country. Due to the quality of medical care that Nepali children receive in orphanages, it has been reported that the diagnoses described in the pre-adoptive medical reports do not offer an absolute guarantee of accuracy, and sometimes these reports are not provided to adoptive families. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological characteristics, pre-adoptive history, and medical problems observed in the post-adoption evaluation in a cohort of children adopted from Nepal. Material and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study on 11 Nepali adopted children from 2005 to 2011, examined according to a standardized protocol. Variables were collected from pre-adoption medical reports, interviews with the family, and post-adoption evaluation records. Results: Epidemiological characteristics and pre-adoptive history: females, 63.6%; all were abandoned and adopted from orphanages; mean age at institutionalization was 32 months, and at adoption was 55 months. 72.7% had a pre-adoptive medical report, and all were diagnosed as "healthy". 54.5% had a vaccination certificate. Medical problems most frequent diagnosed in post-adoption evaluation were iron deficiency anemia (72.7%), xerosis cutis (54.4%), neurodevelopmental delay (45.5%), underweight and stunting (36.4%), and acute bronchitis (36.4%). Only one child had a serious problem (cerebral palsy). The BCG vaccination scar was present in 81.8%. 72.7% showed vaccination immunity against hepatitis B virus. Conclusion: The pre-adoption medical information for the Nepali children was unreliable, and all showed more than one medical problem in the post-adoption evaluation. Adoptive families should seek pre-travel specialized medical advice regarding the medical reports and health of the child to be adopted, the updating of routine immunizations, and the destination-specific health problems.
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Acharya, Dilaram, Jitendra Singh, Rajendra Kadel, Seok-Ju Yoo, Ji-Hyuk Park, and Kwan Lee. "Maternal Factors and Utilization of the Antenatal Care Services during Pregnancy Associated with Low Birth Weight in Rural Nepal: Analyses of the Antenatal Care and Birth Weight Records of the MATRI-SUMAN Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 3, 2018): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112450.
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Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major public health problem in developing countries, including Nepal. This study was undertaken to examine the association between LBW and maternal factors and antenatal care service utilization, in rural Nepal, using data obtained for a capacity-building and text-messaging intervention, designed to enhance maternal and child health service utilization among pregnant women, in rural Nepal (“MATRI-SUMAN”). The study used a clustered randomized controlled design and was conducted during 2015–2016. We investigated maternal and antenatal care service utilization determinants of LBW, using a logistic regression model. Of the four hundred and two singleton babies, included in the present study, seventy-eight (19.4%) had an LBW (mean (SD), 2210.64 (212.47)) grams. It was found that Dalit caste/ethnicity, illiteracy, manual labor, a female baby, and having more than four family members were significantly positively associated with LBW. In addition, mothers who did not visit an antenatal care (ANC) unit, visited an ANC < 4 times, did not take iron and folic acid (IFA), de-worming tablets, and mothers that did not consume additional food, during pregnancy, were more likely to have an LBW baby, than their counterparts. The MATRI-SUMAN intervention and availability of a kitchen garden at home, were found to reduce the risk of LBW. Nepalese child survival policies and programs should pay attention to these maternal and antenatal care service utilization factors, while designating preventive strategies to improve child health outcomes.
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Målqvist, Mats, Asha Pun, and Ashish KC. "Essential newborn care after home delivery in Nepal." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 45, no. 2 (December 14, 2016): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494816683572.
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Aims: Postnatal care of the newborn is essential in order to reduce neonatal mortality. Nepal has made great efforts to improve maternal and child health by focusing on accessibility and outreach over the past decades. This study aims to examine trends, over the past decade, in levels and equity of facility delivery rates and the provision of newborn care after home delivery in Nepal. Methods: Household-level data from the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) 2006 and 2011 and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS5) from 2014 performed in Nepal was sourced for the study. Coverage rates of facility delivery and newborn care after home delivery were calculated and logistic regression models were used to ascertain inequity. Results: Home delivery rate dropped from 79.2% in 2006 to 46.5% in 2014, a development showing an inequitable distribution, with a larger share of better-off families shifting to facility delivery. For those who still delivered at home there was an increased rate of early initiation of breastfeeding and adequate temperature control, but only 2.2% of women delivering at home received a home visit by a health professional in the first week of delivery. No inequity in receiving newborn care after home delivery could be detected. Conclusions: There have been significant improvements in facility delivery rates over the last 10 years in Nepal and postnatal care at home has improved. There is, however, an alarmingly low level of home visits during an infant’s first week.
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Pradhan, PM, G. Bhatta, and K. Bam. "Cost-effectiveness of models of care quality for children affected by HIV and AIDS in Nepal." Health Prospect 11 (July 22, 2018): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v11i0.7425.
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Background: With an estimated sixty four thousand people living with HIV in Nepal, there are tremendous implications for children, whose lives are greatly affected when a parent is infected. The objective of this study is to identify and assess cost effectiveness for existing models of care for children affected with HIV/AIDS Methods: The study performed cost effective analysis for types of care and support for children affected by HIV and AIDS in Nepal from a societal perspective. Types of care and support to Children affected by HIV/AIDS were assessed, Comparator minimum was estimated based on government minimum standards guideline; comparative analysis for cost effectiveness was done in terms of care quality, and overall modes of care delivery. Results: This study identified only three types of care model (comprehensive institutional model of care, home based care and support, community based care with income generation) prevalent in Nepal. Out of this three types of models of care: Community based care with income generation was assessed as the most cost effective care model in Nepal. Conclusion: Community based care with income generation imparted children with better socialization and professional skills. However, continuum of care was often missed by one model, therefore other existing models of child care were also essential to provide care and provision of safety nets for children who fail to reach the care homes should also be considered by the government. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v11i0.7425 Health Prospect 2012;11:19-25
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Ni, Zhao, Namratha Atluri, Ryan J. Shaw, Jingru Tan, Kinza Khan, Helena Merk, Yunfan Ge, et al. "Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Health–Based Female Community Health Volunteer Program for Hypertension Control in Rural Nepal: Cross-Sectional Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): e15419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15419.
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Background Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the world’s leading cause of death. The prevalence of hypertension is disproportionately higher in South Asian countries than in other regions of the world. Screening for hypertension in primary care settings remains a challenge in many South Asian countries, including Nepal. Nepal is located in the Himalayan Mountains region, posing significant geographical challenges for its rural citizens to access primary health care and service delivery. This barrier increases the costs and inconvenience for rural Nepalis to access hypertension screening and treatment. As a result, the prevalence of hypertension in Nepal tripled in the last 25 years to 22.4%-38.6%. Nepal’s Ministry of Health and Population relies on female community health volunteers to link health centers and communities to provide basic health services. Over 50,000 of these volunteers in Nepal have received basic health care training and are assigned to take care of maternal and child health. Due to limited health care resources, adopting new methods to control hypertension is an urgent need in Nepal. Several recent studies in Nepal have recommended extending the role of female community health volunteers to include hypertension management through blood pressure monitoring and home-based education. Objective The goal of this study was to assess if a mobile health–based female community health volunteer approach of combining the traditional community health volunteer program with digital technologies would be feasible and acceptable in rural Nepal. Methods In this study, we recruited 17 female community health volunteers and extended their role from maternal and child health to hypertension management through screening blood pressures. Results All 17 female community health volunteers successfully measured 1113 rural Nepalis’ blood pressures, identified 169 hypertensive patients, and collected health behaviors data of the 169 hypertensive patients. Among the 169 patients, 70% of them had a mobile phone, and 92% were interested in receiving health-related information via a mobile phone. Among those who were interested in receiving information via a mobile phone, 84% preferred voice calls, and 7% and 1% preferred texting and apps, respectively. Conclusions Results from this study indicate that a digital health intervention that leverages feature-phones combined with female community health volunteers may be an acceptable and pragmatic way to implement an evidence-based program to reduce hypertension in rural Nepal.
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Sharma, Mohan Kumar, Shanti Prasad Khanal, Ramesh Adhikari, and Jib Acharya. "Maternal health care services in Nepal: A qualitative perspective based on the socio-ecological model." Journal of Health Promotion 9, no. 01 (November 30, 2021): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhp.v9i01.40961.
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Nepal has a high Maternal Mortality Rates (MMR) in the South Asian region, partly due to the poor utilization of maternal and child healthcare services. The study aims to explore the influencing factors of maternal and child healthcare services among Nepalese women. Eighteen women, who had seven-days-old-children and those recently accessed maternal and child healthcare practices, were purposively selected. The face-to-face, In-depth-Interview (IDI) was applied to collect the information. The data were thematically analyzed, where Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) was applied as a theoretical framework. The study showed that the factors such as the knowledge of women, perception, and decision-making-autonomy at individual levels influenced maternal and child healthcare-seeking behaviors. Likewise, mothers-in-law and the role of husbands at intrapersonal levels, employment at institutional levels, peers and role of neighbors at community levels, and safe motherhood program at policy levels were significant factors for the utilization of maternal and child healthcare-seeking-behaviors. The negligence of women concerning pregnancy, inadequate health facilities, lack of specialist health workers with advanced equipment, and cultural taboos and beliefs were observed as score barriers for utilization of maternal and child health-seeking behaviors. The research strongly recommends that all women be aware of maternal and child healthcare and health-seeking behaviors at their initial ages.
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Målqvist, Mats, Chahana Singh, and Ashish Kc. "Care seeking for children with fever/cough or diarrhoea in Nepal: equity trends over the last 15 years." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 45, no. 2 (January 12, 2017): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494816685342.
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Aims: Childhood illnesses such as diarrhoea and pneumonia remain major contributors to child mortality globally and need to be continually targeted in pursuit of universal health coverage. This study analyses time trends in the prevalence of fever/cough and diarrhoea in Nepal and applies an equity lens in order to identify disadvantaged groups. Methods: Data from the Nepal Demographic Health Surveys of 2001, 2006, and 2011, together with data from the most recent Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey of 2014 performed in Nepal, were utilized for analysis. Results: Analyses revealed improvements (lower prevalence) of diarrhoea and fever/cough in children under five in Nepal over the last 15 years, with an equitable distribution of symptoms over socio-economic determinants. There was, however, a marked and maintained inequity in care seeking for these symptoms, with less educated mothers and those from poor households being only approximately half as likely to seek care for their children. Conclusions: Results highlight the persisting need for targeting care-seeking and societal barriers to treatment in order to achieve universal health access.
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Thapaliya, Rekha, Kalpana Paudel, and Saphalta Shrestha. "Satisfaction on Intranatal Services among Mothers in Pokhara, Nepal." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 11, no. 1 (August 18, 2021): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.203.
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Introduction: Understanding maternal perception of care and satisfaction with services is a key determinant of service utilization. This study aimed to assess the level of satisfaction with intranatal services among mothers in Pokhara.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used among 165 mothers having under one child attending 33 Maternal and Child Health Clinic of Pokhara Metropolitan City. Systematic random sampling was adopted. Face-to-face interview technique with a structured interview schedule was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.
Results: The mean age was 25.64±4.547 years, 60% were multi-parous, and 41.8% had spontaneous vaginal delivery with episiotomy. The satisfaction of the mothers was 81.2%. Most of the mothers (90.3%) were satisfied with pain management and technical aspects of care. There was a significant association between age of mothers and parity with satisfaction with intranatal services. A majority of mothers (83.6%) had the willingness to receive service next time and 84.2% recommend services to their families and friends.
Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the mothers were satisfied with the intranatal services. The level of satisfaction was lowest in physical facilities and provision of respect and privacy. Hence, improvement in the physical environment of the health facilities and provision of respect and privacy of the mothers help to increase satisfaction in all the aspects of care.
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Bajracharya, Sumana, Ashis Shrestha, and Rose House. "Newborn and Child Health Care in Humanitarian Crisis Settings: Piloting of Training Package for Primary Health Care Workers in Rural Nepal." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s32—s33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000839.
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Introduction:The community-based integrated management of newborn and childhood illness (CBIMNCI) training package has been widely used throughout Nepal. Adding a component of disaster response and management to this program would greatly impact the community, and could improve the knowledge and skills of community workers for the management of children during a disaster.Aim:Describe the development and implementation of a community-based training for children in disasters.Methods:Using expertise from emergency and pediatric emergency physicians, pediatricians, and psychiatrists, we developed a two-day training and facilitator manual covering topics such as trauma, resuscitation, burn, drowning, disaster, nutrition, and care of the newborn. The information and manuals were presented to the Nepal Division of Child Health for approval. Four pilot trainings were conducted in Bardia and Bardibas in Nepal in September 2017, including knowledge and skill-based sessions. Knowledge was tested pre- and post-training using multiple choice questions (MCQ) and self-reflections. Skills were evaluated by direct observation and marked using a Likert scale. Confidence was assessed using a confidence matrix before and after the course. Overall feedback was taken at the end of the session.Results:Of 82 participants, 74 participants from four trainings were included for analysis. Post-test Cronbach’s alpha for MCQ was 0.82 and the confidence matrix was 0.86. Mean score for the pre-test MCQ was 6.12 (SD 2.22) compared to the post-test mean of 10.97 (SD 2.97), which was a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05). Trainees reported that the trauma teaching was helpful. They felt that it improved confidence regarding trauma and disasters.Discussion:Adding this training to current CBIMNCI can be an effective tool to reach out to primary health care workers, and provide further knowledge and skills on care of children during a disaster or humanitarian crisis.
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Shrestha, Niki, Binita Tiwari, Suneel Piryani, and Gayatri Khanal. "POSTNATAL CARE SERVICES UTILIZATION IN BHARATPUR SUB METROPOLITAN CITY, CHITWAN, NEPAL." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 9, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.13.
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Background: Postnatal period is a critical phase in the lives of mothers and newborn infants. 2.9 million neonatal deaths occur in the first week of life on an annual basis globally. In Nepal, the level of postnatal care coverage remains low despite the efforts and research on factors influencing the Post-natal care (PNC) services utilization is limited. Hence this study was conducted to explore the predictors of PNC utilization among mothers who had under one-year child.
Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bharatpur Sub Metropolitan city, Chitwan among mothers having a child of less than one year age. Data was collected through face-to-face interview using interview-schedule. Descriptive (frequency and percentage), Bivariate (Chi-squre) and Multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were performed.
Results:This study showed that the proportion of recommended PNC services utilization is low in comparison with those utilizing ANC services in Nepal. The percentage of women attending all the three recommended PNC visits was only 17.5%. The utilization of PNC services was associated with mother’s educational status, parity, place of PNC services received and awareness about PNC services. The mode of delivery, danger signs seen in postnatal mothers, and danger signs seen in newborn were statistically significantly associated with PNC services utilization.
Conclusion:The findings of this study suggest context specific evidence which might be taken into consideration while planning to develop new policies to increase PNC utilization.
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Shrestha, Niki, Binita Tiwari, Suneel Piryani, and Gayatri Khanal. "Postnatal Care Services Utilization in Bharatpur Sub Metropolitan City, Chitwan, Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 9, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v9i3.25781.
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Background: Postnatal period is a critical phase in the lives of mothers and newborn infants. 2.9 million neonatal deaths occur in the first week of life on an annual basis globally. In Nepal, the level of postnatal care coverage remains low despite the efforts and research on factors influencing the Post-natal care (PNC) services utilization is limited. Hence this study was conducted to explore the predictors of PNC utilization among mothers who had under one-year child.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bharatpur Sub Metropolitan city, Chitwan among mothers having a child of less than one year age. Data was collected through face-to-face interview using interview-schedule. Descriptive (frequency and percentage), Bivariate (Chi-squre) and Multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were performed.
Results: This study showed that the proportion of recommended PNC services utilization is low in comparison with those utilizing ANC services in Nepal. The percentage of women attending all the three recommended PNC visits was only 17.5%. The utilization of PNC services was associated with mother’s educational status, parity, place of PNC services received and awareness about PNC services. The mode of delivery, danger signs seen in postnatal mothers, and danger signs seen in newborn were statistically significantly associated with PNC services utilization.
Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest context specific evidence which might be taken into consideration while planning to develop new policies to increase PNC utilization.
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Paolisso, Michael J., Kelly Hallman, Lawrence Haddad, and Shibesh Regmi. "Does Cash Crop Adoption Detract from Child Care Provision? Evidence from Rural Nepal." Economic Development and Cultural Change 50, no. 2 (January 2002): 313–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/322881.
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Raj Subba, Nawa. "Traditional Practices on Mother and Child Health Care in Rajbanshi Community of Nepal." American Journal of Health Research 3, no. 5 (2015): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150305.18.
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Bhattarai, Saraswoti Kumari Gautam, and Kanchan Gautam. "Quality of Maternity Care and Client Satisfaction." Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v2i1.24419.
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Health service provided to pregnant women during antenatal, childbirth and postnatal period is essential for maternal and child health. Proper care during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period are important for the health of mother and baby. High maternal, infant and child morbidity and mortality demand improved healthcare which does not concern to coverage of health services alone. The health issues of pregnant women, mothers, infants and children need to be addressed with the attention to the quality of care (QoC). The Nepal Health Sector Strategy (NHSS) also identifies equity and quality of care gaps as areas of concern for achieving the maternal health sustainable development goal (SDG) target. So this review aims to sensitize and draw attention to the quality of maternity care and client satisfaction to improve maternal and child health. For this article, different studies related to the quality of maternity care and satisfaction from care service received on maternity care are reviewed.
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Osrin, David, S. Manandhar, A. Shrestha, N. Mesko, K. S. Tumbahangphe, D. Shrestha, D. S. Manandhar, and A. M. Costello. "DESIGN OF A SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR PREGNANCY AND ITS OUTCOMES IN RURAL NEPAL." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 41, no. 143 (January 1, 2003): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.784.
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IntroductionCommunity trials in low-income countries require monitoring and evaluation systems.The requirements of a community surveillance system include coherent design, training,field supervision and reporting, as well as the need for a robust and flexible database.Materials and methodsThis paper describes a surveillance system for identification of pregnancy and itsoutcomes in a rural area of Nepal. Mother Infant Research Activities (MIRA), incollaboration with the Institute of Child Health, London, are presently conducting astudy on the impact of a community-based participatory intervention to improveessential newborn care (ENC) in rural Nepal. The study is a cluster randomisedcontrolled trial involving 12 pairs of Village Development Committees (VDCs) inMakwanpur District. The surveillance system covers approximately 28 000 householdsand 28 000 married women of reproductive age. It was designed to identify pregnancy,its outcome for mother and infant, and activities such as antenatal care and problem-related health care seeking behaviour.DiscussionThe paper describes the processes of mapping and enumeration, pregnancyidentification, conduct of interviews, quality control and data management.Key Words: data quality, database, rural Nepal.
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Khanal, Aayush, Arun Sharma, and Sangita Basnet. "Current State of Pediatric Intensive Care and High Dependency Care in Nepal*." Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 17, no. 11 (November 2016): 1032–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000000938.
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Gupta, BK, BK Gupta, AK Shrivastava, and P. Chetri. "Glycemic status and its effect in Neonatal Sepsis - A prospective study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal." Journal of Advanced Pediatrics and Child Health 2, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 015–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.japch.1001006.
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Shrestha, Bidhya. "Examining the Adequate Content of Antenatal Care for Empowered Women in Nepal." International Research Journal of MMC 3, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/irjmmc.v3i3.48640.
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The most crucial aspects whenever we discuss antenatal care services are the coverage of antenatal care contacts and the contents of antenatal care during pregnancy. During the ANC contact, women get counselling and medical check-upfor their pregnancy which preventsnot only women but also the newborn babiesfrom preventable death. It is a window of opportunity for offering preventive measure to save the mother and newborn’s life. But despite the significance of antenatal care content in Nepal, many women are still being left behind, either directly or indirectly. Women empowerment and adequate content of care during ANC visits are both concerns about women's reproductive rights. Women who have greater power usually use antenatal care facilities. In this regard, the goal of this study is to look into the relationship between women empowerment and adequate content of care. This study is completely based on Nepal Demographic Health Survey, 2016. The main target populations of this study were women who weree currently married and had had at least one child in the two years before the survey. The content of care was found to be inadequate. Thus, women who had been left behind should be empowered to increase the adequate use of ANC services. Likewise, policies and activities should be tailored to serve the most marginalized, poor and vulnerable populations to offer sufficient, timely, and adequate ANC services in Nepal.
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Lamichhane, Bikash, Leela Khanal, Parashu Ram Shrestha, Penny Dawson, and Samikshya Singh. "Nepal Scale up Chlorhexidine as Part of Essential Newborn Care: Country Experience." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v16i3.1268.
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Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antiseptic, effective on gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as some viruses, having strong skin binding effect. Randomized controlled trials conducted in South Asian countries have proven that the use of chlorhexidine (4% weight/weight) for cord care can reduce neonatal mortality and prevent severe cord infections. Between 2011 and 2017, Nepal completed nationwide scale-up of the use of chlorhexidine by integrating with ongoing maternal and neonatal health programs, under the leadership of the Child Health Division. The chlorhexidine coverage and compliance study (2017) has revealed that the country has achieved 59% coverage of the intervention to date, with lowest use among home births. The strategy should be further strengthened to ensure that every newborn in need is reached with chlorhexidine. Keywords: Chlorhexidine; cord care; Nepal experience, Newborn.
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Pokharel, Sharmila, and Ram Krishna Maharjan. "Antenatal care among women in Chitwan district of Nepal: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Health Promotion 9, no. 01 (November 30, 2021): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhp.v9i01.40968.
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Antenatal care is one of the most effective measures to reduce maternal mortality in Lower Middle-income Countries. The study aims to assess the utilization of antenatal care and related factors by breastfeeding mothers in Chitwan district of Nepal. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Bharatpur municipality in April 2020, among all women of the reproductive age group (15-49) who have had a birth child in the last 12 months before the survey date. A census sampling technique was used to select respondents. The vaccination period was two weeks. All the mothers who came to the vaccine center to vaccinate their children were the respondents of this study. The data were collected by using an interview schedule. The collected data were managed using SPSS Version 20. The study found that 84.31 percent of respondents attended more than four antenatal care utilization. The educational level of the respondents and the occupation of their partners were linked to the use of antenatal care. The number of pregnancies, the number of live births, the place of delivery, and the educational level and occupations of the birth attendees were also significantly linked to the use of antenatal care. Community mobilization and intensive use of community health workers are essential factors to improve the use of antenatal care.
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Pokhrel, S. "Household decision-making on child health care in developing countries: the case of Nepal." Health Policy and Planning 19, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czh027.
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Shrestha, Tumla, Archana Pandey Bista, and Sarala Shrestha. "Parental Satisfaction with Care and Support in Neonatal Care Units of Public Hospitals of Nepal." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 42, no. 1 (November 27, 2022): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v42i1.42162.
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Introduction: Parental satisfaction is one of the indicators of quality care. An understanding of the satisfying areas would help to identify and prioritize care and support areas for infants and parents. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the parental satisfaction with care and support in neonatal care units (NCUs). Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in NCUs of five selected public hospitals. The study was conducted among 305 parents of preterm infants (PTIs). After obtaining ethical approval, in-person interviews were conducted with parents using a satisfaction questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Parents were moderately satisfied with care and support with a median score and interquartile range of 3.4 (3.1- 3.8). They were highly satisfied with the infant care and least satisfied with the attachment and care guidance support with median scores of 4.0 (3.5 - 4.0) and 3.1 (2.6 - 3.8) respectively. Parental satisfaction was significantly associated with parental age, gestational age at birth, and birth weight (P value < 0.05). Conclusions: Parents are moderately satisfied with the care and support received in the NCUs. Their satisfaction is lower with the support for attachment and care guidance. In addition to competent and affectionate care to PTIs, parental support for attachment, guidance, and involvement in care need to be considered by NCU personnel.
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Paudel, Radha Kumari, Mamata Maharjan, and Sabina Shrestha. "Utilization of Postnatal among Mothers having under Two years Child in Mahalaxmi Municipality, Lalitpur, Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v4i2.19539.
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Postnatal care is a critical phase in the lives of mothers and newborn babies as major changes occur during this period which determines the well-being of mothers and newborns. Adequate utilization of postnatal care can help reduce maternal as well as infant morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study generates the information regarding postnatal care utilization in Lubhu of Mahalaxmi Municipality. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in a Lubhu of Lalitpur district. The study sample comprised of 130 mothers having unser2 year’s children in year 2017. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The findings showed that majority of mothers fall under age group 20-29, maximum were from Hindu and Newar ethnicity. This study highlighted more than half (67.7%) mothers utilize the postnatal services. One of the important reasons for not utilizing postnatal services is absence of disease condition in child followed by less knowledge about postnatal services. There was a significant (p=0.018) association between mothers’ education status with utilization of postnatal services. This study concludes that maternal education status affects the maternal utilization of postnatal care services. In order to achieve 100% postnatal care utilization, awareness programs, educational package and other various Postnatal women focused program must be conducted to make them aware about the importance of the utilization of Postnatal services and availability of Postnatal services in different level of health facility.
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Dhungana, M., and A. Kachapati. "Maternal Stress of Hospitalized Children in A Hospital of Rupandehi, Nepal." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v7i1.22937.
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Introduction: Illness and hospitalization are often critical events that a child is faced with and the stress of it can affect all family members. Maternal stress and anxiety can also affect the child in two ways, transferring stress to the child and interfering with the mother’s ability of childcare. Researcher sought to find out the maternal stressors of hospitalized children in a hospital of Nepal.
Material and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the maternal stressors of hospitalized children among one hundred and five mothers selected through non probability purposive method. The data was collected by using semi-structured interview schedule and data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half of the mothers 62.8%, 58.1%, 63.8%, 90.4%, 88.6%, 78%, 83.8% and 87.7% had very high stress related to child factors; child appears lethargic, weak and pale, prolongation of hospitalization, uncertain try about future of child’s medical condition, fear of relapse, child irritability and crying, in concern about IV fluids and tubes connected, child’s pain, and about laboratory and imaging respectively. Majority of mothers had stress related to social and economic aspects, 59% for failure to provide comfort to other children due to child illness, 82.8% had stress regarding being away from work and living place. Regarding stressors related to environmental factors, Majority 54.2% mothers had very high stress from equipments, 84.7% mothers had very high stress on unfamiliar environment, 68.5% had very high stress for lack of adequate sanitation and air pollution, 59% had very high stress that no room to rest for visitor. Regarding stressors related to hospital staffs, 78% mothers had very high stress for giving the responsibility for monitoring IV fluids, 74.2% had very high stress for turning over responsibility for collecting samples to mothers by nursing staffs, 60.9% mothers had very high stress on lack of attention from nursing staffs about mother’s problem and 68.5% had very high stress on lack of proper nutrition for hospitalized children.
Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is concluded that mothers were passionate in taking care of their child. Most mothers had recognized that illness and hospitalization of their children had an overwhelming psychological and emotional impact on their own behavior and they did not have enough control over their reactions. Therefore, special attention should be given to identify the stressors in nursing care, planning and parents’ education, moving stressors and treatment in the same direction and the factors that can reduce the mother’s ability to provide childcare and delay in treatment progress.
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Paudel, Ishwari Sharma, and Rabin Gautam. "Effects of Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services on Child Spacing: A Study from Eastern Nepal." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 10, no. 4 (July 31, 2015): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v10i4.12973.
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Objective: This study was conducted to explore the effect of utilization of Antenatal Care Service on subsequent birth interval.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 517 women giving birth during five years period preceding survey. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze birth interval as a multivariate life table model.Results: ANC utilization was higher among mothers living in mountain, Indo-Aryan high caste and mothers having more than 10 years of schooling. Regression analysis showed that being Tibeto-Mongoloid caste, mothers with female index child and mother with dead index child had higher risk of having next birth.Conclusion: There is a strong positive relationship between the utilization of ANC service and less risk of child bearing. (RR=1.873, p = 0.008)JCMS Nepal 2014; 10(4):22-25
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Basnet, Sandhya. "Factors associated with stress among mothers of hospitalized children admitted through emergency department." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v6i1.27082.
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Introductions: Hospitalization of a child is stressful for mothers, affects child care and has long-term negative effects on both mother and child. This study aims in identify stress level and associated factors on mothers of a hospitalized child admitted through emergency department.
Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted in mothers of children admitted in pediatric ward through emergency department of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal, from April 2018 to February 2019. Purposive sampling was used to interview mothers using validated Nepali version Dass 21 to find out the stress level and related factors (child, hospital environment, economic burden and hospital staffs). The SPSS was used for data analysis.
Results: Among 90 mothers, 42 (46.7%) showed extremely severe stress and 19 (21.1%) in severe stress. Uncertainty of future of child’s illness 72 (80%), facilities of hygienic drinking water 66 (73.3%) in hospital, cost of treatment 47 (52.2%), and inadequate explanation by nursing staffs about procedures 39 (40%) were related factors of stress. Mothers stress significantly and positively correlated with child related factor (r=0.562) and economic burden (r=0.253).
Conclusions: Mothers of hospitalized children were stressed with child related factors of uncertainty of illness and economic burden of cost of treatment.
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Lamichhane, Bikash, Leela Khanal, Parashu Ram Shrestha, Penny Dawson, and Samikshya Singh. "Nepal Scale up Chlorhexidine as Part of Essential Newborn Care: Country Experience." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i3.21443.
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Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antiseptic, effective on gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as some viruses, having strong skin binding effect. Randomized controlled trials conducted in South Asian countries have proven that the use of chlorhexidine (4% weight/weight) for cord care can reduce neonatal mortality and prevent severe cord infections. Between 2011 and 2017, Nepal completed nationwide scale-up of the use of chlorhexidine by integrating with ongoing maternal and neonatal health programs, under the leadership of the Child Health Division. The chlorhexidine coverage and compliance study (2017) has revealed that the country has achieved 59% coverage of the intervention to date, with lowest use among home births. The strategy should be further strengthened to ensure that every newborn in need is reached with chlorhexidine.
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Basnet, Sangita, Shrijana Shrestha, Amrit Ghimire, Dipsal Timila, Jeena Gurung, Utkarsha Karki, Neelam Adhikari, Jennifer Andoh, and Janak Koirala. "Development of a PICU in Nepal." Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 15, no. 7 (September 2014): e314-e320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000000201.
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Anwar, Sofia, Aisha Iftikhar, Aisha Asif, and Zahira Batool. "Households Socio-Economic Determinants of Childhood Diarrhoea Morbidity in Selected South Asian Countries." Review of Economics and Development Studies 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v1i1.114.
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This study attempts to find out the association between the household socioeconomic factors with childhood diarrhoea in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. To estimate the determinants of diarrhoea, the study uses the data derived from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in three Asian countries: Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal from 2011 to 2013. To find out the diarrhoea morbidity among child under five, the child age, child gender, mother's education and working status, child immunization, source of drinking water, type of toilet facility, washing hands behavior, floor material, and economic status of household has been used as independent variables. Binary logistic model is used to estimate the probability of diarrhoea morbidity among children of selected countries in this study. The results of binary logistic regression indicate that to reduce diarrhoea morbidity, washing hands especially after using toilet and at time of preparing food and eating food can play a major part. Mother's education and work status have significant impact on diarrhoea morbidity. The study concludes that family size has a strong impact on childhood diarrhoea morbidity. In small families, mothers have more time for child care than large families. So the chances of diarrhoea incidence are less in small families.
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Acharya, Lalmani. "A Study of Health Status of Hotel and Restaurant Child Labor in Nepalgunj Sub-metropolitan." Academia Research Journal 1, no. 1 (November 8, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/academia.v1i1.48746.
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The major aim of this research paper was to investigate the present health condition of child laborers who were working in the hotel and restaurants of Nepalgunj. Socio-economic condition and family background were analyzed to find out the health condition, of labour children. The study is mainly based on primary data collected form Nepalgunj Sub-metropolitan using purposive sampling techniques. 150 people in total responded to the survey. It is now widely acknowledged that child exploitation is a serious socioeconomic issue. Children are among the demographic groups that are most frequently neglected, abused, and subjected to the worst types of child labor. Child labor is a widespread occurrence in Nepal, both in terms of general employment and population. The child labor in hotel and restaurant is common in the urban areas of Nepal who are not getting proper health care and treatment. It is concluded from the study that child laborers in hotel and restaurant is one of the visible, exploitative and hazardous forms of child labour whose health condition is vulnerable. Poverty is one of the cause and consequence of child labour. It is linked to the socio-economic, political and cultural realities of the county. The adoption of new laws and policies only cannot prevent the child labour problem unless society as a whole is aware on child right issue.
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KC, Ashish, Dipendra Raman Singh, Madan Kumar Upadhyaya, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Abhishek Gurung, and Mats Målqvist. "Quality of Care for Maternal and Newborn Health in Health Facilities in Nepal." Maternal and Child Health Journal 24, S1 (December 17, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-019-02846-w.
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Abstract Introduction Nepal has pledged to substantially reduce maternal and newborn death by 2030. Improving quality of intrapartum health services will be vital to reduce these deaths. This paper examines quality of delivery and newborn services in health facilities of Nepal. Methods Data were sourced from the Nepal Health Facility Survey 2015, which covered a national representative sample of health facilities. The datasets were analysed to assess service readiness, availability and quality of delivery and newborn care in a sample of 992 health facilities. Results Of the 992 facilities in the sample, 623 provided delivery and newborn care services. Of the 623 facilities offering delivery and newborn care services, 13.3% offered comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmONC), 19.6% provided basic emergency obstetric care (BEmONC) and 53.9% provided basic delivery and newborn service. The availability of essential equipment for delivery and newborn care was more than 80% in health facilities. Except for the coverage of vitamin K injection, the coverage of immediate newborn care was more than 85% in all health facilities. The coverage of use of chlorhexidine ointment to all newborns was more than 70% in government hospitals and primary health care centers (PHCCs) and only 32.3% in private hospitals. Conclusions These findings show gaps in equipment and drugs, especially in PHCCs and private health facilities. Improving readiness and availability of equipment and drugs in PHCCs and private health facility will help improve the quality of care to further reduce maternal and newborn mortality in Nepal.
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Bhattarai, Prithutam. "Factors Associated with Use of Maternal Health Services in Nepal: Analysis of the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 3 (November 13, 2019): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v17i3.1525.
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Background: Timely access and use of health services are critical for improving maternal health services. The objective of present study is to identify key factors related to antenatal care and institutional delivery services in Nepal.Methods: Data from the Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2016 was analyzed. Women who have taken four or more antenatal checkup (ANC4+), and who delivered at a health Institution were considered outcome variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratio. Women (15-49) having most recent birth in 5 years preceding the survey were included in the study.Results: 69.4% women had taken four or more ANC and 60.6 % had given delivery at a health institution. Age of mother at birth of child, birth order, residence, and ethnicity were significantly associated with use of maternal health service. Educated were 3.79(CI2.83-5.08) times likely to take ANC4+ and 2.71 (CI 2.05-3.57) times likely to give birth at health institution. Richest women were 2.25(CI2.83-5.08) times likely to utilize the ANC4+ service and 9.48(CI6.46-13.91) times likely to give birth at health institution. Women in Province 7 were 3.16(CI2.14-4.67) times likely to utilize ANC4+ service and 2.71(CI 1.83-4.05) times likely to give delivery in health institution compared to women in Province 6.Conclusions: Higher educated and richest women were using antenatal care and institutional delivery compared to less educated. The finding reinforces importance of empowering women with education and improving economic situation.Keywords: Antenatal care; demographic and health survey; institutional delivery; maternal health; Nepal.
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Khan, TA. "Pattern of psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents attending Psychiatric OPD at a tertiary care hospital: A study from Midwestern Nepal." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 6, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v6i1.21772.
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Introduction: Mental health in child and adolescent is an essential component of overall health. Forty four percent of population in Nepal is under 19 years of age. Majority of lifetime psychiatric illnesses start during child and adolescent stage. Undetected poor mental health has wide range of adverse impact on individual's ability in various domains of achievement. This study is done with the objective to know the pattern of psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents from a tertiary care hospital.Material and Method: This is a descriptive study comprised of all new cases i.e. 156 participants of child and adolescents visiting to psychiatric outpatients department of Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj, from January 2017 to June 2017. Socio-demographic data and clinical diagnosis based on International Classification of Disease- 10 diagnostic research criteria were collected and analyzed.Results: Out of 156 subjects studied, 2/3rd were female. The highest (57.06%) number of participants were from age group of 16 year to 18 years. Most common diagnosis was dissociative disorder in 24.35% followed by seizure disorder in 15.38% and mood disorder in 14.75% of participants.Conclusion: Adolescent female were most commonly affected population. Dissociative disorder was the most common psychiatric morbidity followed by seizure disorder and mood disorder.J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .6(1), 2017, p.44-47
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Singh, Akriti, Rolf DW Klemm, Gary Mundy, Pooja Pandey Rana, Bhim Pun, and Kenda Cunningham. "Improving maternal, infant and young child nutrition in Nepal via peer mobilization." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 796–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017002993.
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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a peer facilitator (PF) approach for improving mothers’ knowledge and practices relating to maternal and child nutrition.DesignA quasi-experimental design nested within a large-scale integrated nutrition programme, Suaahara, in Nepal. Suaahara interventions were implemented in all study sites, but peer facilitators were used in only half of the study sites.SettingRural, disadvantaged villages in three districts of Nepal: Bhojpur, Bajhang and Rupandehi.SubjectsMothers of children aged 6–23·9 months (n 1890).ResultsDifferences over time between comparison (C) and intervention (I) groups show that the PF approach had a significant positive impact on several indicators of mothers’ knowledge and practices relating to maternal and child nutrition: (i) knowing that fruits and vegetables are good for children 6–23·9 months (C: −0·7, I: 10·6; P=0·03); (ii) child dietary diversity (C: 0·02, I: 0·04; P=0·02); (iii) child minimum dietary diversity (≥4 of 7 food groups; (C: 6·9, I: 16·0; P=0·02); (iv) maternal dietary diversity (C: 0·1, I: 0·4; P=0·01); and (v) maternal minimum dietary diversity (≥4 food groups; C: 3·6, I: 14·0; P=0·03). Additionally, exposure to a PF three or more times in the past 6 months was positively associated with a small improvement in maternal (β=0·06, P=0·04) and child (β=0·06, P=0·02) dietary diversity scores. Improvements were not observed in maternal health-seeking behaviours such as number of antenatal care visits.ConclusionsPeer mobilization is a potential approach for improving health- and nutrition-related knowledge and behaviours among women in hard-to-reach communities of Nepal.
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Poudel, Krishna C., Shinji Nakahara, Junko Okumura, and Susumu Wakai. "Day-care Centre Supplementary Feeding Effects on Child Nutrition in Urban Slum Areas of Nepal." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 50, no. 2 (April 2004): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/50.2.116.
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Yount, Kathryn M., Cari Jo Clark, Irina Bergenfeld, Zara Khan, Yuk Fai Cheong, Sadhvi Kalra, Sudhindra Sharma, et al. "Impact evaluation of the Care Tipping Point Initiative in Nepal: study protocol for a mixed-methods cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e042032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042032.
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IntroductionGirl child, early and forced marriage (CEFM) persists in South Asia, with long-term consequences for girls. CARE’s Tipping Point Initiative (TPI) addresses the causes of CEFM by challenging repressive gender norms and inequalities. The TPI engages different participant groups on programmatic topics and supports community dialogue to build girls’ agency, shift inequitable power relations, and change community norms sustaining CEFM.Methods/analysisThe Nepal TPI impact evaluation has an integrated, mixed-methods design. The quantitative evaluation is a three-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial (control; Tipping Point Programme (TPP); TPP+ with emphasised social norms change). Fifty-four clusters of ~200 households were selected from two districts (27:27) with probability proportional to size and randomised. A household census ascertained eligible study participants, including unmarried girls and boys 12–16 years (1242:1242) and women and men 25+ years (270:270). Baseline participation was 1134 girls, 1154 boys, 270 women and 270 men. Questionnaires covered agency; social networks/norms; and discrimination/violence. Thirty in-depth interviews, 8 key-informant interviews and 32 focus group discussions were held across eight TPP/TPP+ clusters. Guides covered gender roles/aspirations; marriage decisions; girls’ safety/mobility; collective action; perceived shifts in child marriage; and norms about girls. Monitoring involves qualitative interviews, focus groups and session/event observations over two visits. Qualitative analyses follow a modified grounded theory approach. Quantitative analyses apply intention to treat, regression-based difference-in-difference strategies to assess impacts on primary (married, marriage hazard) and secondary outcomes, targeted endline tracing and regression-based methods to address potential selection bias.Ethics/disseminationThe Nepal Social Welfare Council approved CARE Nepal to operate in the study districts. Emory (IRB00109419) and the Nepal Health Research Council (161–2019) approved the study. We follow UNICEF and CARE guidelines for ethical research involving children and gender-based violence. Study materials are here or available on request. We will share findings through clinicaltrials.gov, CARE reports/briefs and publications.Trial registration numberNCT04015856.