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Journal articles on the topic 'Child care – Evaluation'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Murray, Sally. "Evaluating the Evaluation of Child Care Accreditation." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 21, no. 2 (June 1996): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919602100204.

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In June 1995 the Federal Government received the evaluation report on the national accreditation and quality improvement system for long day child care centres (Coopers & Lybrand Consultants 1995). The evaluation had been commissioned to investigate four issues: the quality improvements resulting from accreditation; the financial costs to centres of accreditation; the adequacy of resources provided to assist centres with accreditation; and any problems centres had encountered with the system. This paper focuses on the evaluation's findings with respect to the first term of reference, the exact wording of which was ‘to measure improvements in the quality of care attributable to the system’.

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2

Silva de Souza, Dandara Rayssa, Tainara Lôrena dos Santos Ferreira, and Fábia Barbosa de Andrade. "Longitudinal Care Evaluation in Child Healthcare." Open Journal of Nursing 06, no. 10 (2016): 902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2016.610087.

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3

Kim, Shin-Jeong, Soon-Ok Yang, Seung-Hee Lee, Jung-Eun Lee, Sung-Hee Kim, and Kyung-Ah Kang. "Development and Evaluation of a Child Health Care Protocol for Child Day Care Center Teachers." Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing 17, no. 2 (2011): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2011.17.2.74.

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4

Hymel, Kent P., and Carole Jenny. "Child Sexual Abuse." Pediatrics In Review 17, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.17.7.236.

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Multiple obstacles can hinder the medical evaluation of suspected child sexual abuse in pediatric primary care. The need for diagnostic accuracy is high. Knowledge of sexual abuse risk factors, an understanding of the victimization process, and awareness of the varied clinical presentations of sexual abuse can be of assistance. Open-ended questioning of the suspected victim is the most critical component of the evaluation. Skillful medical interviewing requires time, training, patience, and practice. Pediatricians lacking any of these four requirements should defer interviewing in sexual abuse cases to other professionals. Abnormal physical findings from sexual abuse are uncommon. Colposcopy has assisted pediatricians greatly in reaching consensus regarding diagnostic physical findings. Cases of acute sexual assault require familiarity with the forensic rape examination, STD screening and prophylaxis, and pregnancy prevention. Victimization from sexual abuse continues long after the abusive acts end, often requiring long-term therapeutic intervention. An emerging standard of care for medical evaluations of suspected child sexual abuse recognizes the requirement for patience and compassion while retaining objectivity. The pediatrician's primary concern must be for the child's physical and emotional well-being.

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5

Kotch, J. B. "Evaluation of North Carolina child care safety regulations." Injury Prevention 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.9.3.220.

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6

MACDONALD, KRISTINE L., KAREN A. WHITE, JUANITA HEISER, LINDA GABRIEL, and MICHAEL T. OSTERHOLM. "Evaluation of a sick child day care program." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 9, no. 1 (January 1990): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199001000-00004.

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7

Song, Seung‐Min. "Child Care Service Quality Management Through the Evaluation of Efficiency at Child Care Centers: An Evaluation with Data Envelopment Analysis." Asian Journal on Quality 9, no. 2 (August 21, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/15982688200800013.

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8

Dwiyatna, Archie Arman, Irwanto Irwanto, Yunias Setiawati, and Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani. "The impact of child care on child development in daycare and at home." Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 16, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2020.0053.

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Background: The insufficient amount of time allocated by working parents is one of the causes of reduced interaction between parents and children. Consequently, the solution of entrusting children to daycare centres remains a choice. The development of children aged 3–72 months is extremely significant because the brain volume develops to reach 95% of the adult brain volume. This makes the stimulation provided by caregivers extremely important. This study aimed to identify differences in the development of children entrusted to daycare centres compared to the home care. Methods: The study was performed in Surabaya, Indonesia. The total sample was divided into 2 groups of children aged 3–72 months, one group was cared for at home, and the other in the daycare setting. The subjects were assessed using Indonesia’s Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (PDQ) to determine their development. The assessment was conducted twice, with the second evaluation taking place 6 months after the first analysis. Results: We analysed data from 193 children. The children cared for at home differed significantly (53.3%) from the children entrusted to daycare centres (38.8%) in the first assessment, while in the second assessment 44.4% of the former group experienced a disruption of their personal-social skills, compared 38.8% in the latter. Gross motor and speech-language skills changed significantly improved in 6 months’ evaluations. Conclusion: There were no differences between the development of children being cared for at home and those that were entrusted to daycare centres over 6 months of continuous evaluation.

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9

Hamilton, T., M. K. Mattfeld-Beman, T. Tomazic, and M. Sawicki. "Menu evaluation of licensed child care centers participating in the Missouri child and adult care food program." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 101, no. 9 (September 2001): A—103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(01)80346-1.

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10

de Winter, M., M. Balledux, and J. de Mare. "A critical evaluation of Dutch preventive child health care." Child: Care, Health and Development 23, no. 6 (November 1997): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1997.tb00913.x.

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11

Alkon, Abbey, Malia Ramler, and Katharine MacLennan. "Evaluation of Mental Health Consultation in Child Care Centers." Early Childhood Education Journal 31, no. 2 (2003): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ecej.0000005307.00142.3c.

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12

DeLago, Cynthia, Brittany Dickens, Etienne Phipps, Andrew Paoletti, Magdalena Kazmierczak, and Matilde Irigoyen. "Qualitative Evaluation of Individual and Group Well-Child Care." Academic Pediatrics 18, no. 5 (July 2018): 516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.01.005.

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13

Black, W., K. Knight, L. Lambert, A. Bomba, and S. Knight. "Evaluation of Best Practices in Child Nutrition at Child Care Centers in Mississippi." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 120, no. 9 (September 2020): A79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.069.

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14

Szilagyi, Peter G., Laura Pollard Shone, Jane L. Holl, Lance E. Rodewald, Jacqueline Jennings, Jack Zwanziger, Dana B. Mukamel, et al. "Evaluation of New York State's Child Health Plus: Methods." Pediatrics 105, Supplement_E1 (March 1, 2000): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.105.se1.697.

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Background. The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) is the largest public investment in child health care in 30 years, targeting 11 million uninsured children, yet little is known about the impact of health insurance on uninsured children. In 1991 New York State implemented Child Health Plus (CHPlus), a health insurance program that was a prototype for SCHIP. A study was designed to measure the association between CHPlus and access to care, utilization of services, and quality of care. Methods. The setting was a 6-county region in upstate New York (population 1 million) around and including the city of Rochester. A before-and-during design was used to compare children's health care for the year before they enrolled in CHPlus versus the first year during CHPlus, for 1828 children (ages 0–6.99 years at enrollment) who enrolled between November 1, 1991 and August 1, 1993. An additional study involved 187 children 2 to 12.99 years old who had asthma. Parents were interviewed to assess demographic characteristics, sources of health care, experience with CHPlus, and impact of CHPlus on their children's quality of care and health status. Medical charts were reviewed to measure utilization and quality of care, for 1730 children 0 to 6.99 years and 169 children who had asthma. Charts were reviewed at all primary care offices and at the 12 emergency departments and 6 public health department clinics in the region. CHPlus claims files were analyzed to determine costs during CHPlus and to impute costs before CHPlus from utilization data. Analyses. Logistic regression and Poisson regression were used to compare the means of dependent measures with and without CHPlus coverage, while controlling for age, prior insurance type, and gap in insurance coverage before CHPlus. Conclusions. This study developed and implemented methods to evaluate the association between enrollment in a health insurance program and children's health care. These methods may also be useful for evaluations of SCHIP.

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Bag, Subhadip, and Mousumi Datta. "Evaluation of mother and child protection card entries in a rural area of West Bengal." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172867.

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Background: Mother and child protection card (MCPC) is a common card to maintain the record of health care delivery including ante natal care, post-natal care and care of the child that can be used by both the health personnel and the beneficiaries.Methods: Total 72 mothers of 0-2 years’ children residing at Banspool village were contacted and their MCPC were checked. From each of the five parts of the MCPC i.e. background and family information, information regarding pregnancy and childbirth, institution related information, antenatal care and post-natal care; maximum, minimum and median no of information boxes that were filled up were noted.Results: Information on background information and ante natal care recording was high with almost all the boxes were filled up but there was lack on maintenance of other records like post-natal care, immunization and growth chart. It was also found that beneficiaries are not making circle in the IFA tablets consumption part.Conclusions: The study reported gap in maintenance of proper health care delivery records through MCPC and more training for both the health personnel and mothers are needed for adequate use of the MCPC.

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16

Nazarian, Lawrence F. "Odd Thoughts on Well-Child Care." Pediatrics In Review 11, no. 8 (February 1, 1990): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.11.8.227.

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It is good to take a hard look at longstanding habits. Well-child care is at the heart of pediatrics; yet, even this most sacred of commitments has been under scrutiny in recent years, and rightly so. But those of us who spend half of our time in well-child visits are frustrated by studies that fail to demonstrate any measurable benefits from our efforts, with the exception of immunization programs. Are researchers really looking at the right parameters? Are there too many variables to allow a truly scientific evaluation of these practices? At least it is comforting to hear that parental satisfaction and confidence are acknowledged by-products of our work, and intuitively we believe that this effect is good for growing children.

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17

Williams, Thomas M. "Evaluation, Stabilization and Transport of the Critically Ill Child." Critical Care Medicine 21, no. 8 (August 1993): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199308000-00036.

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18

OAKLEY, CHARLOTTE BECKETT, ANNE K. BOMBA, KATHY B. KNIGHT, and SYLVIA H. BYRD. "Evaluation of Menus Planned in Mississippi Child-Care Centers Participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 95, no. 7 (July 1995): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(95)00213-8.

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19

Dragonas, Thalia, John Tsiantis, and Anna Lambidi. "Assessing Quality Day Care: The Child Care Facility Schedule." International Journal of Behavioral Development 18, no. 3 (September 1995): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549501800310.

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The Child Care Facility Schedule (CCFS) represents an effort to develop a measure to assess quality child care. Initially 80 criteria, covering 8 areas considered important for attaining quality, were defined. These were subsequently tested in three different cultural contexts: Athens (Greece), Manila (Philippines), and Ibadan (Nigeria). Reliability studies were conducted in Athens and Ibadan, and a validity study was carried out in Athens. Concurrent validity was established by comparing the CCFS scores with those obtained from an unstructured observation by an observer unfamiliar with the content of the Schedule. Criterion validity was examined by comparing the CCFS scores with those derived from another well-established measure. Factor and cluster analyses were used as a means for establishing construct validity. A general quality factor that tapped the contribution of the caretakers to quality was revealed, and a shorter 43-item version was recommended. The CCFS appears to identify differences among the various types of day care centres, and can be used for self-evaluation by the personnel of day care centres.

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20

Kotch, Jonathan B., Ann H. Faircloth, Kristen A. Weigle, David J. Weber, Richard M. Clifford, Thelma O. Harms, Pamela S. Rolandelli, et al. "Evaluation of an Hygienic Intervention in Child Day-Care Centers." Pediatrics 94, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.6.991.

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The growing use of child day-care centers (CDCCs) has produced a significant rise in morbidity due to infectious diseases which carry such consequences as discomfort, disability, and parental anxiety.1,2 Haskins conservatively estimated the cost of day-care illnesses among children to be $1.8 billion.3 To this must be added the cost of parents' and care givers' excess illness attributable to CDCCs. No published study describes a successful intervention to reduce the risk of upper respiratory disease in CDCCs. Although many research groups have advocated hand washing and diapering hygiene as a means of reducing the spread of enteric disease in CDCCs,4-11 there are only two controlled studies in the literature. In their pioneering work, Black et al showed the incidence of diarrhea in CDCCs following a rigorously monitored hand-washing program to be nearly twice that in intervention centers.12 Bartlett et al monitored the impact of hand washing in randomly assigned CDCCs and found no intervention effect. However, rates of diarrhea were significantly lower among children in the actively monitored centers regardless of intervention status.13 These studies share several limitations: the sources of incidence data were not blinded to center intervention status, the analyses did not statistically control for potential confounders, and non-independence of multiple diarrhea episodes in the same child were not accounted for. The purposes of our study were to develop a feasible, multicomponent hygienic intervention and to carefully measure its impact while controlling for sources of bias. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or any of the other co-sponsors of this conference.

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21

Alexander, Kristi A., Michael C. Roberts, and Steven Prentice-Dunn. "A Program Evaluation of a Sick Child Day-Care Facility." Children's Health Care 18, no. 4 (September 1989): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326888chc1804_5.

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22

Roach, Mary A., David A. Riley, Diane Adams, and David Edie. "Evaluation of a State Initiative to Improve Child Care Quality." Early Education & Development 16, no. 1 (January 2005): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed1601_5.

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23

Staskel, Deanna M., Margaret E. Briley, Leanne H. Field, and Suzanne S. Barth. "Microbial Evaluation of Foodservice Surfaces in Texas Child-Care Centers." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 107, no. 5 (May 2007): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.02.013.

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24

Barton, Leslie L., Anne L. Wright, and Janel D. Lloyd. "Evaluation of a Pediatric Residency Curriculum on Well-Child Care." Clinical Pediatrics 38, no. 4 (May 1999): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992289903800408.

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25

Sperling, Randi, Danielle Steinberg, and Zachary Belnavis. "The medical evaluation of the internationally adopted child." Adoption & Fostering 45, no. 2 (July 2021): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03085759211019724.

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Children who have been internationally adopted often have complex health issues and unique challenges. 1 The paediatric office provides a medical home by offering continuity of care, links to community support, and appropriate evaluation and treatment. During the pre-adoption evaluation, biographical and medical information provided by the child’s country of origin is reviewed. Additionally, soon after the child’s adoption, a complete medical history and physical examination should be completed. Although laboratory work may have been performed previously, studies should be repeated to ensure reliability. Developmental assessment and review of vaccinations should be completed as well. Anticipatory guidance should be provided regarding medical concerns, effects of institutionalisation and the possibility of attachment issues. Follow-up care ensures optimal medical, developmental and behavioural surveillance in this patient population.

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Montgomery-Taylor, Sarah, Mando Watson, and Robert Klaber. "Child Health General Practice Hubs: a service evaluation." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 4 (December 23, 2015): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308910.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of an integrated child health system.DesignMixed methods service evaluation.Setting and patientsChildren, young people and their families registered in Child Health General Practitioner (GP) Hubs where groups of GP practices come together to form ‘hubs’.InterventionsHospital paediatricians and GPs participating in joint clinics and multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings in GP practices, a component of an ‘Inside-Out’ change known as ‘Connecting Care For Children (CC4C)’.Main outcome measuresCases seen in clinic or discussed at MDT meetings and their follow-up needs. Hospital Episode data: outpatient and inpatient activity and A&E attendance. Patient-reported experience measures and professionals’ feedback.ResultsIn one hub, 39% of new patient hospital appointments were avoided altogether and a further 42% of appointments were shifted from hospital to GP practice. In addition, there was a 19% decrease in sub-specialty referrals, a 17% reduction in admissions and a 22% decrease in A&E attenders. Smaller hubs running at lower capacity in early stages of implementation had less impact on hospital activity. Patients preferred appointments at the GP practice, gained increased confidence in taking their child to the GP and all respondents said they would recommend the service to family and friends. Professionals valued the improvement in knowledge and learning and, most significantly, the development of trust and collaboration.ConclusionsChild Health GP Hubs increase the connections between secondary and primary care, reduce secondary care usage and receive high patient satisfaction ratings while providing learning for professionals.

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Romero Otalvaro, A. M., and M. Munoz-Argel. "The importance of early detection of child neurodevelopment in primary care in Colombia." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1364.

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IntroductionThe systematic assessment of child development for the first 30 months of age is essential in the monitoring of health outcomes; this requires to have a structured protocol to systematically observe the milestones that have to be achieved at each stage of child development, and prevent deficiencies related to risk factors, reduce and prevent special needs arising from a deficit of the neurodevelopment.ObjectiveDescribe the results of the evaluation of early detection of neurodevelopment problems in subjects from 0–30 months of age who assist to child developmental centers in municipalities located in the Colombian Caribbean region; the main need for intervention was characterized with different neurodevelopment problems.MethodsA cross-sectional study was developed. Childs from 0–30 months of age who attended to the child development centers were tested. Exclusion criteria were not stipulated. The ASQ-3 and a demographic survey (Graffar's survey) were administrated, in order to correlate the social level and the overall results.ResultsThe study included 750 boy/girl. The maturational development for each age group was determined, an analysis of each neurodevelopment area was conducted and the results were correlated with the demographic survey.ConclusionsHigh levels of suspicion of possible neurodevelopment problems and the referral to diagnostic evaluation were observed for access to appropriate treatments. Early detection is highlighted as a tool in primary care that optimizes health sector resources and act in the appropriate periods of plasticity of child development.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Laska, Edyta, and Anna Cepuchowicz. "Evaluation of satisfaction with nursing care in the Children’s Surgery Department." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 16, no. 3 (September 23, 2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2837.

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Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the satisfaction of parents with nursing care at a pedi-atric surgery department. Material and method: The research was conducted among parents / caregivers of children discharged from the ward in the period from February to April 2019. The study involved 50 respondents. The test method was a diagnostic poll method in the form of a questionnaire. The research tool was a questionnaire of own authorship. Results: Factors determining satisfaction with child care on a surgical ward are: the age of the child, the mode of the child’s admission to the ward, accessibility, and the nurse’s sup-port. Thirty-one parents were in favour of the multi-purpose nature of nursing care on the ward. The others felt that nursing care was task-oriented. Parents of the youngest children (mean age 4.9 years) expected the nurse to be kind or professional (mean age 5.5 years). Parents of early childhood children (mean age 7.2 years) were more likely to expect under-standing, and parents of the oldest children (mean age 9.0 years) expected communicative-ness. It was shown that throughout the entire period of hospitalization, caregivers of children under 3 years of age (n = 13; 100.0%) or aged 3-6 years (n = 15; 78.9%) stayed with their chil-dren more often. There was a correlation between the mode of admission and the emotions that parents felt during the admission of their child to hospital, as shown in Tab. 5. The level of significance (p<0.001) in the hypothesis tested, was lower than the typical level of signifi-cance of 0.05. In the case of emergency admission (n = 13; 54%) and planned admission for surgery (n = 17; 74%), emotions related to helplessness and anxiety predominated. Conclusion: Parents rated the quality of nursing care on the ward well. Parents’ expectations of the nurse are not dependent on the age of the child. The mode of admission of the child to the ward did not affect the expectations towards the nurse. The age of the child affected the time the caregiver stayed with the child on the ward. The mode of admission of the child affected the emotional state of the parents of the caregivers.

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Smith, Tanya, Laurel Chauvin-Kimoff, Burke Baird, and Amy Ornstein. "The medical evaluation of prepubertal children with suspected sexual abuse." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, no. 3 (April 2020): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa019.

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Abstract Child sexual abuse is an important and not uncommon problem. Children who have been sexually abused may present to a physician’s office, urgent care centre, or emergency department for medical evaluation. A medical evaluation can provide reassurance to both child and caregiver, identify care needs, and offer an accurate interpretation of findings to the justice and child welfare systems involved. Given the potential medico-legal implications of these assessments, the performance of a comprehensive evaluation requires both current knowledge and clinical proficiency. This position statement presents an evidence-based, trauma-informed approach to the medical evaluation of prepubertal children with suspected or confirmed sexual abuse.

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30

Giebink, G. Scott. "Care of the Ill Child in Day-Care Settings." Pediatrics 91, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.1.229.

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Children experience many minor illnesses during the toddler and preschool years, and illness frequency is compounded by attendance in out-of-home child care programs. Although most of these illnesses are uncomplicated, some lead to complications that require medical evaluation and treatment. A majority of working parents of childbearing age have children in day care, and these illnesses have an impact on both the child's health and the parents' attendance at work. As a result, in-home and out-of-home sick-child care programs have emerged. The common infectious diseases of children in child day care are also common among children not in out-of-home care. They can be identified as those primarily affecting the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, and skin and those that may affect multiple organs. Respiratory infections predominate, followed by vomiting and diarrheal illnesses. Wald et al1 followed a cohort of children through the first 3 years of life; 97 received exclusive care at home, 23 received care in a group setting out of the home, and 33 attended day-care centers. During the first year of care, children in center care experienced significantly more infections than children in home care. Children in group care and center care were significantly more likely than children in home care to experience six or more infections and four or more severe illnesses. The majority (76% to 89%) of infections were respiratory, and otitis media complicated 28% to 44% of these respiratory infections.2 Children in nonparental home care experienced an average of 41 days of illness during the year; the average increased to 78 days in group care, and 96 days in center care.

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31

Morgan, Roger. "Inspection of children’s residential care." Educational and Child Psychology 14, no. 2 (1997): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.1997.14.2.13.

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AbstractChildren’s homes and boarding schools are mainly inspected under the provision of the Children Act, 1989. Monitoring may also include notifications of significant events, management visits and information from complaints and child protection investigations. Inspection comprises gathering, corroborating and evaluating information against declared welfare standards, leading to inspection reports, recommendations and, occasionally, enforcement action. Welfare provision is also significantly influenced by availability of known standards, establishments’ own review in preparation for inspections, cross-fertilization of inspectors’ ideas, and provision of advice by inspection units. Inspection uses a range of inspection methods, which may include the use of questionnaires for comparison with normative data, and assessments by lay persons. Inspections generally progress from general evaluation to consideration of particular emerging issues, balancing factual information and professional judgement, until the level of corroboration balances the amount of new issues in the information being gained. Key issues from inspections include: staff recruitment checks, bullying and its countermeasures, child protection, discipline, who children take personal problems to, and in special settings, restraint and therapeutic provision.Personal social services inspection is currently under national review. An inspection should be regarded as a spot-check, which contributes significantly to child welfare and protection, but cannot in itself ensure sound practice.

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32

Aronson, Susan S. "Role of the Pediatrician in Setting and Using Standards for Child Care." Pediatrics 91, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.1.239.

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Standards for child care settings define expected performance. Other types of requirements applicable to operation of child care facilities include funding requirements, accreditation criteria, and regulations (legal requirements). During licensing inspections, program monitoring by funding agencies, evaluations by accrediting organizations, and self-evaluations, programs become aware of opportunities for improvement. The process of evaluation alone leads to improved program performance1; the majority of providers want to do a good job. When requirements are used for systematic surveillance, the compliance data generated identify problems to be targeted for quality improvement. Training, technical assistance, linkage to existing resources, and development of new resources are common interventions that lead to improved performance in child care programs. These interventions may be applied at the level of an individual child care facility or at any level involved with child care services. Thus, training and technical assistance may be given to caregivers, to licensors, to policy makers, or to the public. A surveillance system should continuously measure the impact of interventions and focus attention on problems that require further corrective action. When performance data from individual programs are aggregated, they provide powerful tools to assess the need for communitywide interventions. Some changes cannot be accomplished within the limited resources of an individual child care facility. Sometimes program improvement requires one or more types of intervention at the community, regional, state, and/or national level. Updating requirements, conducting surveillance to measure compliance with requirements, and analyzing data to target interventions and measure the impact of actions on program performance are the basic elements of a systems model for improving quality in child care (see Figure).

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33

Shuker, Lucie Elizabeth. "Safe foster care for victims of child sexual exploitation." Safer Communities 14, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-03-2015-0006.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on an evaluation of a pilot of specialist foster care for children at risk, or victims, of child sexual exploitation (CSE) and/or trafficking. Design/methodology/approach – The research adopted a multi-case study approach, gathering placement documentation, interviews and weekly monitoring logs throughout the duration of the 13 placements. Findings – This evaluation found that safety for those at risk, or victims, of CSE within the in-care population has both a physical and a relational element. The most successful placements were able to deploy restrictive safety measures effectively by tipping the balance of care and control towards demonstrations of compassion and acceptance. Good relationships in these foster homes unlocked other positive outcomes, including reduced missing incidences and increased awareness of exploitation. Research limitations/implications – The small sample size within this pilot project suggests the need for further research to test the applicability of the notion of multi-dimensional safety to young people’s welfare more generally. Practical implications – The findings confirm previous research that highlights the importance of stable relationships in child protection. They have implications for current tendencies to commission short-term CSE interventions that are unlikely to create the relational security that can improve community safety for young people. Originality/value – This is the first published evaluation of specialist accommodation for those affected by CSE in the UK, and its findings will therefore be of most value to commissioners and providers of care to looked after young people. The concept of multi-dimensional safety will be relevant to those with responsibility for child welfare/safeguarding.

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Tyson, Jon, David Guzick, Charles R. Rosenfeld, Robert Lasky, Norman Gant, Juan Jiminez, and Stephen Heartwell. "Prenatal Care Evaluation and Cohort Analyses." Pediatrics 85, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.2.195.

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The value of prenatal care has been obscured by multiple factors, including the limitations of birth certificate data, large socioeconomic disparities between women who seek prenatal care and those who do not, and the "preterm delivery bias", ie, the reduced pregnancy duration and opportunity for prenatal care among women who give birth prematurely. Perinatal mortality and morbidity (neonatal intensive care unit admission; ventilator therapy) were carefully assessed in an indigent population (28 838 deliveries at Parkland Memorial Hospital). To avoid the preterm delivery bias, a cohort of all women whose pregnancy reached a specific week of gestation was identified and their prenatal care status (zero vs one or more visits) by that week was related to pregnancy outcome. Separate cohorts were defined at 26, 30, 34, 38, and 42 weeks. Prenatal care was associated with improved pregnancy outcomes in only the 34-, 38-, and 42-week cohorts (P < .01) Findings suggest substantial benefit from prenatal care after 30 weeks' gestation but not from early prenatal care. Unfortunately, it may not be possible to assess prenatal care accurately in observational studies even if cohort analyses are used. Clinical trials are needed to assess the effects of strategies for increasing or improving prenatal care, especially in early pregnancy.

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Skolnick, H. "Recognition, Evaluation, and Treatment of Anaphylaxis in the Child Care Setting." PEDIATRICS 118, Supplement_1 (August 1, 2006): S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0900ff.

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Benjamin Neelon, Sara E., Jonathan Finkelstein, Brian Neelon, and Matthew W. Gillman. "Evaluation of a Physical Activity Regulation for Child Care in Massachusetts." Childhood Obesity 13, no. 1 (February 2017): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/chi.2016.0142.

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Abrahams, Sharon, and Orlee Udwin. "An Evaluation of a Primary Care-Based Child Clinical Psychology Service." Child and Adolescent Mental Health 7, no. 3 (September 2002): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-3588.00020.

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Roberts-Gray, Cynthia, Alexa F. Sparkman, Linda Fox Simmons, C. Buller, and Karen Engquist. "Evaluation of Texas' child-care-oriented nutrition education and training program." Journal of Nutrition Education 21, no. 1 (February 1989): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(89)80232-8.

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Bansal, Priya J., Rebecca Marsh, Bina Patel, and Mary C. Tobin. "Recognition, evaluation, and treatment of anaphylaxis in the child care setting." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 94, no. 1 (January 2005): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61286-0.

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Schneiderman, Janet U., Dawn McDaniel, Bin Xie, and Janet S. Arnold Clark. "Child welfare caregivers: An evaluation of access to pediatric health care." Children and Youth Services Review 32, no. 5 (May 2010): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.01.006.

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Farokh Gisour, Elham, and Arash Bigdeli. "Evaluation of the Beliefs of Parents in Iran about How to Care for Children During Dental Visits." Open Dentistry Journal 5, no. 1 (December 2, 2011): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601105010187.

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Parents play an important role in their childrens dental care and in their behavior during dental visits. Separating children from their parents during dental visits has been a challenging subject of debate for many years. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate parentsâ€™ attitudes about being present during their childrenâ€™s visits to the dentist. The subjects for this cross-sectional study included 340 Iranian parents of five-10-year-old children who had been referred to dental clinics in Kerman, Iran. For this study, the parents of these children completed self-administered questionnaires. Results showed that 218 parents (64.1%) agreed with leaving the practice room during their childâ€™s treatment, while 122 (35.9%) did not agree. The main reason expressed by 41.3% of the parents for leaving the practicing room was that the dentist would be better able to control the child if they were alone. Another reason, cited by 16.5% of the parents, was not wanting to see their child suffering, and 42.2% said they believed that their child would be better treated if they were not present. Most parents who were in agreement with leaving the practice room while their child was receiving dental care felt this would lead to a better treatment outcome.

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Pierrehumbert, Blaise, Tatjana Ramstein, Athanassia Karmaniola, Raphaële Miljkovitch, and Olivier Halfon. "Quality of child care in the preschool years: A comparison of the influence of home care and day care characteristics on child outcome." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 5 (September 2002): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000265.

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One hundred and six families of 2-year-old children, having experienced either family day care or centre-based day care, took part in this study. Parents’ and day care providers’ representations and values concerning their ideal definition of child care were assessed, and direct observations of child care settings conducted, using a time-sampling procedure. The instruments concerning both representations and observations have a seven dimension structure: caregiver availability, stimulation, firmness, warmth, autonomy, achievement, and organisation. When children were 3 years of age, the families were contacted again (16% drop out) for an evaluation of various outcomes: parental reports of child behaviour problems (CBCL) and egoresiliency (CCQ), assessments of child developmental quotient (McCarthy), and of attachment representations (ASCT). The day care variables (care providers’ representations and observed variables of the setting), unexpectedly explained the variance of the dependent variables (especially behaviour problems) more than the corresponding parental variables. These results contrast with other studies in the field. Apparently, they can be attributed to the relatively wide span of dimensions, as well as to the variety of child care settings considered. Non-parental and parental care had some selective effects on the different dependent variables. The effects of representations were globally stronger than those of observed characteristics. These data point to the importance of child care quality, emphasise the idea that quality is multidimensional, and stress the significance of caregivers’ representations and values.

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Szilagyi, Peter G., Jane L. Holl, Lance E. Rodewald, Lorrie Yoos, Jack Zwanziger, Laura Pollard Shone, Dana B. Mukamel, Sarah Trafton, Andrew W. Dick, and Richard F. Raubertas. "Evaluation of New York State's Child Health Plus: Children Who Have Asthma." Pediatrics 105, Supplement_E1 (March 1, 2000): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.105.se1.719.

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Background. Little is known about the impact of providing health insurance to uninsured children who have asthma or other chronic diseases. Objectives. To evaluate the association between health insurance and the utilization of health care and the quality of care among children who have asthma. Design. Before-and-during study of children for a 1-year period before and a 1-year period immediately after enrollment in a state-funded health insurance plan. Intervention. In 1991 New York State implemented Child Health Plus (CHPlus), a health insurance program providing ambulatory and ED (ED), but not hospitalization coverage for children 0 to 12.99 years old whose family incomes were below 222% of the federal poverty level and who were not enrolled in Medicaid. Subjects. A total of 187 children (2–12.99 years old) who had asthma and enrolled in CHPlus between November 1, 1991 and August 1, 1993. Main Outcome Measures. Rates of primary care visits (preventive, acute, asthma-specific), ED visits, hospitalizations, number of specialists seen, and quality of care measures (parent reports of the effect of CHPlus on quality of asthma care, and rates of recommended asthma therapies). The effect of CHPlus was assessed by comparing outcome measures for each child for the year before versus the year after CHPlus enrollment, controlling for age, insurance coverage before CHPlus, and asthma severity. Data Ascertainment. Parent telephone interviews and medical chart reviews at primary care offices, EDs, and public health clinics. Main Results. Visit rates to primary care providers were significantly higher during CHPlus compared with before CHPlus for chronic illness care (.995 visits before CHPlus vs 1.34 visits per year during CHPlus), follow-up visits (.86 visits vs 1.32 visits per year), total visits (5.69 visits vs 7.11 visits per year), and for acute asthma exacerbations (.61 visits vs 0.84 visits per year). There were no significant associations between CHPlus coverage and ED visits or hospitalizations, although specialty utilization increased (30% vs 40%; P = .02). According to parents, CHPlus reduced asthma severity for 55% of children (no change in severity for 44% and worsening severity for 1%). Similarly, CHPlus was reported to have improved overall health status for 45% of children (no change in 53% and worse in 1%), primarily attributable to coverage for office visits and asthma medications. CHPlus was associated with more asthma tune-up visits (48% before CHPlus vs 63% during CHPlus). There was no statistically significant effect of CHPlus on several other quality of care measures such as follow-up after acute exacerbations, receipt of influenza vaccination, or use of bronchodilators or antiinflammatory medications. Conclusions. Health insurance for uninsured children who have asthma helped overcome financial barriers that prevented children from receiving care for acute asthma exacerbations and for chronic asthma care. Health insurance was associated with increased utilization of primary care for asthma and improved parent perception of quality of care and asthma severity, but not with some quality indicators. Although more intensive interventions beyond health insurance are needed to optimize quality of asthma care, health insurance coverage substantially improves the health care for children who have asthma.

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Ramenofsky, M. L., and S. Cash. "Clinical evaluation of the child: injury to the chest and." Trauma 1, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/146040899671581146.

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Azevedo, Suelen Brito, Luciana Pedrosa Leal, Maria Luiza Lopes Timóteo Lima, and Silvana Maria Sobral Griz. "Child hearing health: practice of the Family Health Strategy nurses." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 48, no. 5 (October 2014): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-6234201400005000013.

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Objective Evaluating the practice of nurses of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in child hearing health care. Method A normative assessment of structure and process, with 37 nurses in the Family Health Units, in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. The data collection instrument originated from the logical model of child hearing health care provided by nurses of the Family Health Strategy, and the matrix of indicators for evaluation of nursing practice. Results All the nurses identified the hearing developmental milestones. At least two risk factors were identified by 94.5% of the nurses, and 21.6% of them carried out educational activities. Conclusion The normative assessment was considered adequate despite existing limitations in the structure and process.

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Lydon, Anne, Jean Hennings, and Bernadette Ryan Woolley. "Evaluation of a British child bereavement service: The user's perspective." Palliative and Supportive Care 8, no. 3 (September 2010): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147895151000009x.

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AbstractObjective:This article summarizes the findings from a 3-year independent evaluation of a regional Child Bereavement Service (CBS). The service was commissioned by a Primary Care Trust in Northern England, and funded by a British cancer charity, Macmillan Cancer Support. The need for a CBS was recognized by members of a Palliative Care Group who identified a gap in local services for bereaved children, who may be susceptible to short/long-term psychiatric/psychological disorders. The service was established to offer support for professionals working with bereaved children and their family.Method:Interventions provided by the service included pre/post bereavement support, individual work with the child and/or family, and group work. An evaluation (2004–2007), was conducted to inform service development utilizing semi-structured interviews with parents/carers of service users (n = 20), and semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals (n = 8). Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using grounded theory methods.Results:Referrals were higher than expected. Sixty per year were anticipated; however, in the first year alone, there were 255 referrals. Health and social care professionals who attended training courses, provided by the CBS staff, expressed confidence in providing bereavement support themselves, or by making appropriate referrals to the CBS. Parents and carers welcomed a service specifically for their children.Significance of results:The CBS is a viable organization that supports bereaved children as expressed in this article.

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Boro, Mitali, Tikendrajit Sarma, and Pranabjyoti Baishya. "Evaluation of medicinal plants in North-East region relating to maternal and child health care." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2017.3310.

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Maternal and child health care services are composed of specific segment in national health. Many medicinal plants mentioned in Ayurveda for maternal and child health are available in North-East region. In classics these medicinal plants are discussed in various groups like Garbhasthapak, Prajasthapan, Stanyajanan, Stanyasodhan, drugs are also available in the form of monthly regimen during pregnancy, during delivery, certain maternal disorders during pregnancy and after delivery. In context of child health care, foetal abnormality, neonatal care and in specific neonatal disorders drugs are also highlighted. Sushruta, hypothesized these drugs under Prithakparynadi, Pippalyadi gana. Study related to Shatavari reveals growth of mammary glands, alveolar tissue and acini in pregnant rat. Methanolic extract of Bala also exhibit fungal activity. The present study highlights all these drugs and reviewed the in-vitro and in-vivo application carried out previously. Data obtained thus emphasised these herbs propagation in National Health Mission for increasing Maternal and Child health care.

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Muniyappa, Pramodha, and Darah Kelley. "Hyperbilirubinemia in pediatrics: Evaluation and care." Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care 50, no. 8 (August 2020): 100842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2020.100842.

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Nigam, Sarvesh K., Maie Abouseoud, and Talal Basrawi. "EVALUATION OF PERINATAL CARE IN SAUDI ARABIA." Pediatric Research 21, no. 4 (April 1987): 260A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198704010-00558.

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Szilagyi, Peter G., Jane L. Holl, Lance E. Rodewald, Laura Pollard Shone, Jack Zwanziger, Dana B. Mukamel, Sarah Trafton, Andrew W. Dick, and Richard F. Raubertas. "Evaluation of Children's Health Insurance: From New York State's Child Health Plus to SCHIP." Pediatrics 105, Supplement_E1 (March 1, 2000): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.105.se1.687.

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Background. The legislation and funding of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) in 1997 resulted in the largest public investment in child health care in 30 years. The program was designed to provide health insurance for the estimated 11 million uninsured children in the United States. In 1991 New York State implemented a state-funded program—Child Health Plus (CHPlus)—intended to provide health insurance for uninsured children who were ineligible for Medicaid. The program became one of the prototypes for SCHIP. This study was designed to measure the association between CHPlus and access to care, utilization of care, quality of care, and health care costs to understand the potential impact of one type of prototype SCHIP program. Methods. The study took place in the 6-county region of upstate New York around and including the city of Rochester. A before-and-during design was used to compare children's health care for the year before they enrolled in CHPlus versus the first year during enrollment in CHPlus. The study included 1828 children (ages 0–6.99 years at enrollment) who enrolled between November 1, 1991 and August 1, 1993. A substudy involved 187 children 2 to 12.99 years old who had asthma. Data collection involved: 1) interviews of parents to obtain information about demographics, sources of health care, experience and satisfaction with CHPlus, and perceived impact of CHPlus; 2) medical chart reviews at all primary care offices, emergency departments, and health department clinics in the 6-county region to measure utilization of health services; 3) claims analysis to assess costs of care during CHPlus and to impute costs before CHPlus; and 4) analyses of existing datasets including the Current Population Survey, National Health Interview Survey, and statewide hospitalization datasets to anchor the study in relation to the statewide CHPlus population and to assess secular trends in child health care. Logistic regression and Poisson regression were used to compare the means of dependent measures with and without CHPlus coverage, while controlling for age, prior insurance type, and gap in insurance coverage before CHPlus. Results. Enrollment: Only one third of CHPlus-eligible children throughout New York State had enrolled in the program by 1993. Lower enrollment rates occurred among Hispanic and black children than among white children, and among children from lowest income levels. Profile of CHPlus Enrollees: Most enrollees were either previously uninsured, had Medicaid but were no longer eligible, or had parents who either lost a job and related private insurance coverage or could no longer afford commercial or private insurance. Most families heard about CHPlus from a friend, physician, or insurer. Television, radio, and newspaper advertisements were not major sources of information. Nearly all families had at least 1 employed parent. Two thirds of the children resided in 2-parent households. Parents reported that most children were in excellent or good health and only a few were in poor health. The enrolled population was thus a relatively low-risk, generally healthy group of children in low-income, working families. Access and Utilization of Health Care: Utilization of primary care increased dramatically after enrollment in CHPlus, compared with before CHPlus. Visits to primary care medical homes for preventive, acute, and chronic care increased markedly. Visits to medical homes also increased for children with asthma. There was, however, no significant association between enrollment in CHPlus and changes in utilization of emergency departments, specialty services, or inpatient care. Quality of Care: CHPlus was associated with improvements in many measures involving quality of primary care, including preventive visits, immunization rates, use of the medical home for health care, compliance with preventive guidelines, and parent-reported health status of the child. For children with asthma, CHPlus was associated with improvements in several indicators of quality of care such as asthma tune-up visits, parental perception of asthma severity, and parent-reported quality of asthma care. Health Care Costs: Enrollment in CHPlus was associated with modest additional health care expenditures in the short term—$71.85 per child per year—primarily for preventive and acute care services delivered in primary care settings. Conclusions. Overall, children benefited substantially from enrollment in CHPlus. For a modest short-term cost, children experienced improved access to primary care, which translated into improved utilization of primary care and use of medical homes. Children also received higher quality of health care, and parents perceived these improvements to be very important. Nevertheless, CHPlus was not associated with ideal quality of care, as evidenced by suboptimal immunization rates and receipt of preventive or asthma care even during CHPlus coverage. Thus, interventions beyond health insurance are needed to achieve optimal quality of health care. This study implemented methods to evaluate the association between enrollment in a health insurance program and children's health care. These methods may be useful for additional evaluations of SCHIP. Implications: Based on this study of the CHPlus experience, it appears that millions of uninsured children in the United States will benefit substantially from SCHIP programs.

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