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1

Murray, Sally. "Evaluating the Evaluation of Child Care Accreditation." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 21, no. 2 (June 1996): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919602100204.

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In June 1995 the Federal Government received the evaluation report on the national accreditation and quality improvement system for long day child care centres (Coopers & Lybrand Consultants 1995). The evaluation had been commissioned to investigate four issues: the quality improvements resulting from accreditation; the financial costs to centres of accreditation; the adequacy of resources provided to assist centres with accreditation; and any problems centres had encountered with the system. This paper focuses on the evaluation's findings with respect to the first term of reference, the exact wording of which was ‘to measure improvements in the quality of care attributable to the system’.
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(Seán) Cameron, R. J. "Child psychology beyond the school gates: Empowering foster and adoptive parents of young people in public care, who have been rejected, neglected and abused." Educational and Child Psychology 34, no. 3 (September 2017): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2017.34.3.74.

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Aim:In this article, an applied psychology approach designed to support carers of looked-after children is described and its impact on these young people is evaluated.Rationale:Children and young people in public care are arguably the most vulnerable group in our society and despite considerable support and financial expenditure, their personal, social and wellbeing outcomes have remained stubbornly poor. In particular, school-based interventions have led to only slight improvements in attainment levels and these children still lag far behind their peers.The ‘Emotional Warmth’ model of professional child care was developed to empower residential carers and foster/adoptive parents to understand and meet the often-complex needs of these children. In this article, the main components of the ‘Emotional Warmth’ model are described, the key role of the psychologist consultant is outlined and some input outcomes are considered.Findings:The results of a ten-month ‘Emotional Warmth’ project involving the foster and adoptive parents of fourteen children are presented. The analysis shows that significant positive change occurred in both the behavioural and affective measures (p less than 0.05). These results are discussed, as are the serendipitous benefits for both the educational psychologist consultants and their local authority service manager.Limitations:Some methodological constraints are considered.Conclusions:It is argued that this model of professional child care can enable foster and adoptive parents to achieve positive outcomes for the young people in their care.
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Kramer, Anne, Erin Hughes-Krieger, and Lindsay Bryan-Podvin. "34.3 COLLABORATION AND CONSULTATION FOR PRIMARY CARE: THE ROLE OF CHILD MENTAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH CONSULTANTS." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 55, no. 10 (October 2016): S312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.07.318.

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4

Tsang, Victoria, Linda Eftychiou, Venessa Vas, Nanna Christiansen, Joanne Crook, Sian Bentley, and Sukeshi Makhecha. "P19 A mixed method study to evaluate the medicines optimisation pathway following virtual outpatient clinics." Archives of Disease in Childhood 107, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): e25.20-e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-nppg.27.

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AimIn March 2020, COVID-19 triggered an NHS directive to reduce face-to-face consultations and adapt to virtual clinics.1 Hospital pharmacies, each with their own model of care, quickly innovated to ensure patients received their medication safely.The aim of this study was to evaluate the provision of medications optimisation for paediatric patients following virtual outpatient consultations (VOC) and explore potential improvements for future implementations.MethodThis was a mixed method study using quantitative data; which reviewed medications sent to patients in red, amber, and green categories2 and qualitative data; using patient feedback, to evaluate the processes in three London hospitals. Pathway mapping (PM) sessions, with multidisciplinary team involvement, were conducted across these hospitals to identify areas for improvement and analyse gaps in services. Virtual PM sessions were attended by 30 representatives across the multidisciplinary team including: pharmacists, nurses, consultants, pharmacy technicians, post room attendants; and general, operational, and project managers.Semi-structured questionnaires were used to conduct one to one telephone interviews with patients’ families. A separate topic guide was used to interview General practitioners (GP) and primary care network (PCN) pharmacists. The audio recordings were transcribed as ‘intelligent verbatim’ and analysed using Nvivo. Braun and Clarke’s six phases approach was used to conduct an inductive thematic analysis.3 To improve the rigorousness of the study, more than 50% of the transcript were double coded.4As this was a service evaluation, ethics approval was not necessary. The project was registered with each hospital’s clinical audit department.ResultsThe three process maps were analysed and potential improvements for the medicines optimisation pathway were assessed by a paediatric pharmacy subgroup using ease-impact matrix. Potential improvements include: exploration and use of Electronic Prescription Service by secondary and tertiary care, improving communication through Information Technology systems between prescribers and hospital pharmacists, and the creation of a transparent standard operating procedure regarding medication supply following VOC.Seventy-one patients’ families across the sites were interviewed between January-May 2021 to reflect on their experience of receiving medications following a VOC. Four GPs and one PCN pharmacist were interviewed in May 2021 to assess on the impact of VOC on primary care.Key reflections from themes generated include the convenience of receiving medications from hospital pharmacies following VOC, satisfaction of the current process, including medicines packaging and medicines information provided to patients and their families.Other reflections included limitations of the current process and its implication on patient safety. Medicines information helplines and education provided by pharmacists were regarded by patients’ families and GPs as a valuable attribute.ConclusionPatients’ families appreciated the current model of care, however patients’ families and primary care healthcare professionals have identified both challenges and suggestions for improvement in delivering the current model. Future research should focus on a mixed mode of integrated care with green and amber medications2 prescribed directly to community pharmacies with clinical screening and counselling conducted by hospital pharmacists.ReferencesStevens S and Pritchard A. Important and urgent – next steps on NHS response to Covid-19. NHS England [Online]. 17 March 2020: Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/2020/03/urgent-next-steps-on-nhs-response-to-covid-19-letter-simon-stevens.pdfGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust. South East London Joint Medicines Formulary. netFormulary. [Online]. 2020: Available at: http://www.selondonjointmedicinesformulary.nhs.uk/Braun V and Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 2006;3:77-101.Maher C, Hadfield M, Hutchings M, et al. Ensuring rigor in qualitative data analysis: a design research approach to coding combining NVivo with traditional material methods. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 2018;17:1-13.
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5

Hutchinson, Barbara, Jane Asquith, and John Simmonds. "‘Skills Protect’: Towards a Professional Foster Care Service." Adoption & Fostering 27, no. 3 (October 2003): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590302700304.

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Almost two-thirds of children and young people looked after by local authorities in England are placed in foster care. Recent studies suggest that the looked after population is significantly different from the general child and young people population in terms of mental and physical health and educational attainment. Failure to recognise and acknowledge the reality of the nature and needs of this population contributes to the current difficulties in providing sufficient and appropriate foster carers. Methods of recruitment, retention and support of foster carers still, in many cases, reflect a historical, now inaccurate, perception of the fostering task. Recent government initiatives have placed a welcome spotlight on the fostering service and are likely to result in improved services. However, the Choice Protects focus on effective commissioning of fostering resources, while necessary, may not be sufficient. In this article, which arises from the observations and conclusions of BAAF social work staff engaged in extensive consultancy with a large number of fostering agencies, Barbara Hutchinson analyses the current situation and proposes key features for the development of an effective fostering service. Her paper was written with support from Jane Asquith and John Simmonds
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Wallace, Ruth, Amanda Devine, and Leesa Costello. "Determining Educators' Needs to Support Healthy Eating Environments in Early Childhood Settings." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 42, no. 2 (June 2017): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.2.03.

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THE PROVISION OF A nutritious diet early in life can have an immense effect on future health and wellbeing. The number of children attending child care is increasing, thus this setting is strategically placed to establish positive eating habits. This qualitative study sought to understand the needs of Australian early childhood education and care staff in relation to the provision of a healthy eating environment. Key stakeholders formed a consultancy group to provide feedback and advice. The study was underpinned by the Spiral Action Research model. Analysis of 48 in-depth interviews identified the following themes: healthy eating activities, resources, nutrition training, attitudes towards healthy eating and the proposed intervention, and barriers to healthy eating. Participants were open to using an online repository of nutrition resources and information wrapped in support. This formative data informed the development of a ‘best practice’ website including discussion boards intended to foster an online ‘community of practice’.
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7

Owen, Lloyd. "Reflections on the past 30 years." Children Australia 30, no. 2 (2005): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200010622.

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The journal was first established in 1976 with the title Australian Child and Family Welfare (quarterly), and it was known as such for the first 15 years of its existence. It was published by the Children’s Welfare Association of Victoria as the quarterly journal of the Child and Family Welfare Council of Australia. Co-editors were the Rev Denis Oakley and Dr Peter O’Connor. Denis tells us that the funds to get it started came from the Children’s Welfare Foundation. This foundation was an outstanding example of partnership between business and the non-government sector. Not without controversy, Denis performed on television in his clergyman clobber advertising products for Billy Guyatt stores, drawing in funds for the Foundation which were also applied to the establishment of Grassmere, a community-based youth facility, and to some research work into adoption and family law. The book review editor was Mr Cliff Picton, associate editor was Mr Max Liddell, Mr David Thackeray was business manager, Mr Vernon Knight was circulation manager and the committee providing support was Mrs Glenys Craig, Mr John Edwards, Mr Bill Hughes, Canon Neal Malloy OBE and Mrs Patsy Sebastian. It had a group of interstate representatives, Spencer Colliver, Ray Jenkins, Albert Kruipers, Rev Lyn Reilly, George Belchev, Adam Jamrozik, Geoff Aves and editorial consultants Concetta Ben, Prof Peter Boss, Spencer Colliver and Dr Len Tierney. In the editorial in the first issue was the explanation that the journal was being launched as so much was going on in child and family welfare, that there was a need for a forum. Many of the specialist journals failed to appeal to the broad readership in social welfare, whereas this journal would ‘aim for the broad spectrum of people who make up the vast army of workers in the child and family welfare field … Our concern is to open up discussion on policies and practices, to discuss innovations and the raising of standards.’
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8

Atkins, Peter. "Martyn Christian Raymond Symons. 12 November 1925 – 28 January 2002." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 50 (January 2004): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2004.0019.

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Martyn Christian Raymond Symons was born on 12 November 1925 in Ipswich, Suffolk. The talents he was later to develop were a reflection of his genetic and cultural environment. Thus, his grandfather was William Christian Symons, who achieved contemporary minor fame as a painter in water colour and oils even though his work is now largely forgotten. His grandmother, Cecilia Davenport, was a concert pianist before her marriage. Symons was to display both artistic attributes, for he was a skilful self–taught pianist and an accomplished water colourist. The environment was richer than that, though, for the three sons of the grandparent's marriage were Mark, a painter, Phillip, who became a Benedictine monk and served as organist at Downside, and Stephen, Martyn's father. Painting, as already remarked, was one of Symons's great relaxations, and in early life (but not in middle age and after) the Catholic version of the Christian religion gave him guidance and solace. Indeed, there was a stage when he was poised to become a priest, but the passion passed and after the suffering and death of his first wife, who had become a Catholic in order to marry him, he rejected religion.The technical contribution to Symonss environment came from his father, Stephen White Symons, a consultant mechanical engineer, ably supported in the female manner of the day by his wife Marjorie. Here, though, the environment temporarily withdrew its support, for the young Symons entered the John Fisher School in Purley (1933–40), and hated every minute of it. Ill taught (he claimed) and bullied (he interpreted), the teachers—with the freedom of the age–almost literally hammered knowledge of a sort into him, not realizing the sensitivity of the child in their care and presumably contributing at least a little to his unusual psychology.
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9

Gaines, Sherry K., Judith L. Wold, Lorine Spencer, and Janie M. Leary. "Assessing the Need for Child-Care Health Consultants." Public Health Nursing 22, no. 1 (January 2005): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.22103.x.

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10

Taras, Howard L. "Health in Child Day Care: The Physician—Child-Care-Provider Relationship." Pediatrics 94, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 1062–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.6.1062.

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Health promotion and disease prevention strategies for child day-care have not kept pace with the needs of children. One example is the inconsistent interaction between community physicians and child-cane providers. Although there isn't yet data documenting benefits of increased communication between health practitioners and child-care professionals, there is speculation by many that these sorts of physician-community liaisons will help to close serious gaps in current health-care practices.1-3 This paper reviews how increased physician involvement could improve the health situation in child day care and explores ways physicians can become more involved. THE HEALTH NEEDS Need for Consultants There are basic and predictable health issues that arise from grouping young children together. They are topics for research and discussion among epidemiologists, medical investigators, and other health professionals. The issues include exclusion criteria for attendance in day care, spread of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections,4 the potential for childhood viruses to affect unborn children of pregnant care givers,5 medication policies,6 and the pros and cons of "sick-care" centers.7 Other health issues such as child development and emotional, behavioral, and nutritional health of children are also under study.8 This body of literature has served to define most health consultation needs of child day-care programs. Few day-care centers on family day-care homes actually use a health consultant.9 It is hoped that publication of the American Public Health Association's and American Academy of Pediatrics' (APHA/AAP's) National Health and Safety Performance Standards10 and its distribution to health professionals and child-care providers will help to change that. Its success depends partly on whether health professionals will be available, willing, and trained to serve as health consultants.
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Stirling, Ashley, and Gretchen Kerr. "Sport Psychology Consultants as Agents of Child Protection." Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 22, no. 3 (July 23, 2010): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10413201003795485.

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12

Pierce, Christine, and Andy Petros. "Model for retaining consultants in intensive care." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 10 (March 6, 2020): 1022–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-318805.

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13

Weiss, Jacqueline, and Catherine Laroche. "The Role of Child Psychiatrists as Consultants to Day Cares." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 6 (August 1989): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400618.

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An increasing number of mothers of preschool children in Canada (either by choice or economic necessity) have entered the workforce. It is estimated for example that 58–80% of mothers of preschool children are working. In Canada in 1986, 51.6% of women in the workforce had children under the age of five (1). It is beyond the scope and intent of this paper to discuss the merits (or possible harm) of day care per se. The aim of this paper is to discuss aspects of the quality of day care, and how this might be improved by child psychiatrists being involved in day care centres and in their organization. Few would doubt that the emotional climate and the development of trusting relationships to significant others, in the first year of life, are essential determinants of the healthy personality. Hence the quality of the day care experience of small children is an essential area of study for the child psychiatrist which is as yet insufficiently recognized. This paper discusses what has been learned from the literature and from experience as a consultation-liaison child psychiatrist to a day care centre. A case example illustrates some of the important issues.
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Crose, Royda, and Jeffrey S. Kixmiller. "Counseling Psychologists as Nursing Home Consultants." Counseling Psychologist 22, no. 1 (January 1994): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000094221007.

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Recent developments in federal legislation, reimbursement policies, and professional politics have promoted wider appeal within professional psychology for consultation services to nursing homes. This article outlines the need for counseling psychologists to be involved in such consultation. Results are reported from a survey of nursing home administrators that provides information about their perceptions of the mental health needs of both residents and staff, the problems they find most difficult to manage, and the intervention programs they desire. Recommendations are made for counseling psychologists to gain entry into the long-term care system as consultants.
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Semenova, N., and S. Shport. "Setting up a clinical psychology service for reception department with consultative care." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1039.

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IntroductionThere is a plenty of literature on providing psychological services for psychiatry inpatients and outpatients. Seeing a psychiatrist for the first time can be stressful.ObjectivesThis paper will identify challenges in setting up a clinical psychology service for consultees seen in Reception Department with consultative and primary specialized health care. ‘Clinical psychology service’ is a project in Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry providing services within the Reception Department setting. A need to address mental ill health issues (getting a diagnosis and treatment plan) within the broader psychosocial needs of consultees has been identified.MethodsClinical psychology established a brief intervention ‘service’ for consultees. Issues of establishing trust within this population suggested the need to provide a ‘named’ male or female psychologist. The psychologist accompanied psychiatric consultants’ recommendations to familiarize a consultee of the availability of the service. Evaluation of the service, including uptake, client satisfaction, and outcome, is ongoing using quantitative and qualitative methods. Data is presented on key themes identified in providing psychological services to consultees.ResultsKey themes identified included: 1. Service development: establishing trust, ensuring confidentiality, close between consultants working, flexibility, crisis management, safety, establish links with other agencies; 2. Complex psychological and social needs: mental health issues, trauma, substance misuse, domestic and sexual violence.ConclusionsConsultees present with a range of complex psychosocial needs. While this population may have reservations about accessing ‘standard’ mental health services, a flexible psychology service working in close liaison with psychiatric consultants may be effective in addressing these needs.
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Foster, Jill T., and Stephanie L. Ferguson. "Child Care Health Consultants Still in Demand: Pediatric Nurses Are an Asset." Journal of Pediatric Nursing 26, no. 6 (December 2011): 586–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2011.09.004.

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17

Bryan, Craig J., Kent A. Corso, Tracy A. Neal-Walden, and M. David Rudd. "Managing suicide risk in primary care: Practice recommendations for behavioral health consultants." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 40, no. 2 (2009): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0011141.

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18

Pitel, Ann U., Paul A. Pitel, Helena G. Richards, Joy Benson, Jane N. Prince, and Edwin N. Forman. "Parent Consultants In Pediatric Oncology." Children's Health Care 14, no. 1 (June 1985): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326888chc1401_9.

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19

LEU, CARRIE R., and SANDY OSBORNE. "Selecting Child Care." Early Child Development and Care 54, no. 1 (January 1990): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443900540106.

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20

Richardson, Douglas K., Kate Reed, J. Christopher Cutler, Robert C. Boardman, Karen Goodman, Timothy Moynihan, Jane Driscoll, and John R. Raye. "Perinatal Regionalization Versus Hospital Competition: The Hartford Example." Pediatrics 96, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.96.3.417.

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Objectives. The increasingly competitive health care environment may undermine effective traditional regional organizations. It is urgent to document the benefits of perinatal regionalization for the emerging health care system. We present a case study that illustrates many of the challenges to and benefits of perinatal regionalization in the 1990s. Background. The controversy in Hartford was sparked by a proposed merger of two major pediatric services into a full-service children's hospital. Community hospitals reacted with plans to upgrade their obstetrics/neonatal facilities toward level II (intermediate) or II+ (intensive) neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The fear that unrestricted competition would drive up overall health care costs prompted the hospital association and Chamber of Commerce to retain consultants to evaluate the number and location of regional NICU beds. Methods. The consultant team interviewed stake-holders in area hospitals, health maintenance organizations, insurance companies, businesses, state agencies, and community groups, and analyzed quantitative data on newborn discharges. Results. The existing system worked remarkably well for clinical care, training, referrals, and provider and patient satisfaction. There was a high level of inter-hospital collaboration and regional leadership in obstetrics and pediatrics, but strong and growing competition between their hospitals. Hospital administrators enumerated the competitive threats that obligated them to compete and the financial disincentives to support the regional structures. Business leaders and insurance executives emphasized the need to control costs. Analysis of discharge data showed marginal adequacy of NICU beds but maldistribution between NICUs, particularly between level III and level II units. The consultants recommended no new beds based on population projections, declining lengths of stay nationally, and substantial gains available from aggressive back-transport of convalescing infants. The consultants emphasized the need for all stakeholders to support the regional infrastructure (referral, transport, education, evaluation, quality assurance) and to modify competition when it impaired effective regionalization. Conclusions. Regionalization permits better care at lower cost, yet competition may disrupt this effective system. Active cooperation by stakeholders is vital. Substantial new research is required to define optimal regional organization.
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Fein, Greta G. "Sociability and Child Care." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 40, no. 8 (August 1995): 765–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/003877.

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Fein, Greta G. "A child-Care Agenda." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 37, no. 11 (November 1992): 1140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/031576.

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23

Cohen, Robert. "The Child-Care Dilemma." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 42, no. 4 (April 1997): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/000459.

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Benbow, Susan Mary, and David Jolley. "One day in the life of old age psychiatrists in the United Kingdom." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 6 (April 2, 2013): 1023–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213000331.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The provision of mental health care for older people will become increasingly important with rising demand related to global demographic changes. This project aimed to identify changes in work patterns of UK consultant old age psychiatrists between 1993 and 2012.Method: A link to an online questionnaire was circulated to consultant old age psychiatrists through the Faculty of Old Age Psychiatry, Royal College of Psychiatrists.Results: In all 210 usable responses were received. On the survey day 71% of old age psychiatrists arrived at work before 9 am, and 40% left work after 6 pm. Over one-third (35%) worked for another hour or more at home. The range of activities was broader than previously reported. Administrative activity was undertaken by over 60% and acute ward work by only 26%. Few consultants reported time in long-stay care or day hospitals. Outpatient activity included Memory Clinics and Health Center Clinics. The main stressors reported by consultants were lack of resources and pressures from management-imposed, financially driven service changes. Relationships with people at work (including patients and their families) and outside work were the main identified support.Conclusions: Consultants’ working hours have changed little since 1997, but the range and emphases of activities have changed. Changes in service organization are stressful and consultants are supported by relationships with colleagues and patients. Work patterns are changing in response to demands and constraints on the specialty. Research is needed into service design and work patterns, which can provide humane care in the current economic climate.
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Leitão, Gabriela Guedes de Sá, Tatiana de Paula Santana da Silva, Maria Luiza Lopes Timothy Lima, Mirella Rodigues, and Cynthia Barboza Maria Nascimento. "Educational actions in human communication health: telehealth contributions in primary care." Revista CEFAC 20, no. 2 (April 2018): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216201820210417.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize educational actions related to human communication health produced at the Tele-Health Center for health professionals in primary care. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted at the Tele-Health Center at the Federal University of Pernambuco Clinical Hospital. Educational actions produced by tele-consultants between 2008 and 2014 linked to the health of human communication were considered. Data collection was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the data were explored and educational actions were selected based on the title and the relationship with human communication. In the second phase, each action was observed and evaluated for content. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: a few educational actions related to human communication health were concentrated in 2014. Throughout the period analyzed, the actions were restricted to the field of language and concentrated on the education issue as well as the strategic area of child and adolescent health. The most frequent occupational category among the tele-consultants was nursing. Conclusion: a small number of educational actions addressing the health of human communication was produced and the participation of speech therapists remains incipient.
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Shah, Ajit, Natalie Banner, Chris Heginbotham, and Bill Fulford. "The early experience of Old Age Psychiatrists in the application of the Mental Capacity Act 2005: a pilot study." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 1 (June 25, 2009): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209990202.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) was fully implemented in October 2007 in England and Wales.Methods: A pilot questionnaire study examined the experience of consultants in Old Age Psychiatry in the early implementation of the MCA pertaining to local policy and training in the application of the MCA, the assessment of decision-making capacity, the determination of best interests, and the use of the least restrictive option and restraint.Results: Fifty-two (27%) of the 196 consultants in Old Age Psychiatry returned useable questionnaires. Seventy-five percent of them reported that local training on the application of the MCA was available, but less than 50% reported that training was mandatory. The vast majority of assessments of decision-making capacity were conducted by consultants in Old Age Psychiatry. Almost all of them reported using the four-fold specific test of decision-making capacity (DMC) described in the MCA. Restraint was reported to be rarely used.Conclusions: Consultants in Old Age Psychiatry generally reported using the criteria for the assessment of DMC, the determination of best interests and restraint described in the MCA. The findings highlight concern about the workload of clinicians in implementing the MCA and this requires careful monitoring. Consideration should be given to statutory provision of training in the application of the MCA by all healthcare and social care providers for all their healthcare and social care staff.
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Wolff∗, Sula. "Prediction in child care." Early Child Development and Care 29, no. 4 (January 1987): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443870290405.

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Honig, Alice Sterling. "Contexts in Child Care." Early Child Development and Care 135, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443971350101.

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Shope, Timothy R., Benjamin H. Walker, Laura Aird, Linda Southward, and Judith M. Martin. "Influenza Vaccine Requirements in United States Child Care Centers." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 9, no. 5 (December 12, 2019): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piz078.

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Abstract Background Influenza vaccine is the most effective means to prevent influenza for the high-risk population of child care attendees. This national survey assessed child care center directors’ reports of seasonal influenza vaccine requirements for children and adult caregivers. Methods This was a 2016 telephone-based survey of child care center directors randomly selected from a national database of licensed United States child care centers and queried about influenza vaccine requirements. Conceptually related items were grouped into 4 indexes: general infection control, use of health consultants, quality of child care, and pandemic influenza preparedness. These indexes, along with other center and director characteristics, were used to predict director-reported influenza vaccine requirements. Results Of 518 child care center directors, only 24.5% and 13.1% reported an influenza vaccine requirement for children and adult caregivers, respectively. Center and director characteristics and the indexes were not associated with a director-reported influenza vaccine requirement. After adjusting for covariates, only having a state influenza vaccine law for children and an adult influenza vaccine requirement predicted having a child influenza vaccine requirement. Only having a child influenza vaccine requirement predicted having an adult vaccine requirement. Conclusions Director-reported influenza vaccine requirements for children and adult caregivers were influenced primarily by state influenza vaccine laws. Given the high risk of children in child care and low director-reported influenza vaccine requirements, more states should pass laws requiring influenza vaccine for children and adult caregivers at child care programs.
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Belsky, Jay. "Early child care and early child development: Major findings of the NICHD study of early child care." European Journal of Developmental Psychology 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405620600557755.

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Clyde, Margaret, and Jillian Rodd. "Child minders or professional child care worker? Perceptions of family day care providers." Early Child Development and Care 81, no. 1 (January 1992): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443920810105.

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32

Scarr, Sandra. "American child care today." American Psychologist 53, no. 2 (February 1998): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.95.

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Bate, Jessica, Soonie R. Patel, Julia Chisholm, and Paul T. Heath. "Immunisation practices of paediatric oncology and shared care oncology consultants: A United Kingdom survey." Pediatric Blood & Cancer 54, no. 7 (February 16, 2010): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pbc.22415.

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34

De Long, Bo. "Child-care and the psychology of development." New Ideas in Psychology 12, no. 2 (July 1994): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0732-118x(94)90113-9.

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35

McNaughten, Ben, Caroline Hart, Stephen Gallagher, Carol Junk, Patricia Coulter, Andrew Thompson, and Thomas Bourke. "Clinicians’ gaze behaviour in simulated paediatric emergencies." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 12 (March 7, 2018): 1146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314119.

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AimDifferences in the gaze behaviour of experts and novices are described in aviation and surgery. This study sought to describe the gaze behaviour of clinicians from different training backgrounds during a simulated paediatric emergency.MethodsClinicians from four clinical areas undertook a simulated emergency. Participants wore SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments) eye tracking glasses. We measured the fixation count and dwell time on predefined areas of interest and the time taken to key clinical interventions.ResultsPaediatric intensive care unit (PICU) consultants performed best and focused longer on the chest and airway. Paediatric consultants and trainees spent longer looking at the defibrillator and algorithm (51 180 ms and 50 551 ms, respectively) than the PICU and paediatric emergency medicine consultants.ConclusionsThis study is the first to describe differences in the gaze behaviour between experts and novices in a resuscitation. They mirror those described in aviation and surgery. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential use of eye tracking as an educational tool.
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36

Lewis, Celine, Melissa Hill, Owen J. Arthurs, John C. Hutchinson, Lyn S. Chitty, and Neil Sebire. "Health professionals’ and coroners’ views on less invasive perinatal and paediatric autopsy: a qualitative study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 6 (February 8, 2018): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314424.

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ObjectiveTo assess health professionals’ and coroners’ attitudes towards non-minimally and minimally invasive autopsy in the perinatal and paediatric setting.MethodsA qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsTwenty-five health professionals (including perinatal/paediatric pathologists and anatomical pathology technologists, obstetricians, fetal medicine consultants and bereavement midwives, intensive care consultants and family liaison nurses, a consultant neonatologist and a paediatric radiologist) and four coroners participated. Participants viewed less invasive methods of autopsy as a positive development in prenatal and paediatric care that could increase autopsy rates. Several procedural and psychological benefits were highlighted including improved diagnostic accuracy in some circumstances, potential for faster turnaround times, parental familiarity with imaging and laparoscopic approaches, and benefits to parents and faith groups who object to invasive approaches. Concerns around the limitations of the technology such not reaching the same levels of certainty as full autopsy, unsuitability of imaging in certain circumstances, the potential for missing a diagnosis (or misdiagnosis) and de-skilling the workforce were identified. Finally, a number of implementation issues were raised including skills and training requirements for pathologists and radiologists, access to scanning equipment, required computational infrastructure, need for a multidisciplinary approach to interpret results, cost implications, equity of access and acceptance from health professionals and hospital managers.ConclusionHealth professionals and coroners viewed less invasive autopsy as a positive development in perinatal and paediatric care. However, to inform implementation a detailed health economic analysis and further exploration of parental views, particularly in different religious groups, are required.
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Goodie, Jeffrey L., William C. Isler, Christopher Hunter, and Alan L. Peterson. "Using behavioral health consultants to treat insomnia in primary care: a clinical case series." Journal of Clinical Psychology 65, no. 3 (March 2009): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20548.

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38

Whitbeck, Leslie B. "Evaluating Residential Child Care in England." Contemporary Psychology 45, no. 2 (April 2000): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/004733.

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39

Phillips, Deborah A., and Amy E. Lowenstein. "Early Care, Education, and Child Development." Annual Review of Psychology 62, no. 1 (January 10, 2011): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.031809.130707.

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40

Zigler, Edward, and Pamela Ennis. "The child care crisis in America." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 30, no. 2 (April 1989): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079808.

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41

Corby, Brian. "The Business of Child Care Research." Contemporary Psychology 44, no. 6 (December 1999): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/002121.

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42

Huston, Aletha C. "Child Care in a Changing Society." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 9 (September 1991): 770–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/030150.

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Phillips, Deborah A. "Child Care: What Is the Context?" Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 37, no. 12 (December 1992): 1269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/031688.

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44

Weinraub, Marsha, Anne B. Shlay, Michelle Harmon, and Henry Tran. "Subsidizing child care: How child care subsidies affect the child care used by low-income African American families." Early Childhood Research Quarterly 20, no. 4 (October 2005): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2005.10.001.

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45

Hyun, On-Kang, Wanjeong Lee, and Jin Tae. "Quality of the Child Care Environment and Toddlers' Adjustment in Child Care Centers." NHSA Dialog 3, no. 1 (December 1999): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s19309325nhsa0301_9.

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46

Shpancer, Noam. "Transforming the child-care debate." American Psychologist 48, no. 6 (1993): 693–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.48.6.693.

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Ryan, Rebecca M., Anna Johnson, Elizabeth Rigby, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn. "The impact of child care subsidy use on child care quality." Early Childhood Research Quarterly 26, no. 3 (July 2011): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2010.11.004.

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48

Bromer, Juliet, and Julia R. Henly. "Child care as family support: caregiving practices across child care providers." Children and Youth Services Review 26, no. 10 (October 2004): 941–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2004.04.003.

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Boyle, F. M. L., W. R. Lindsay, and F. M. McPherson. "A primary care-based clinical child psychology service." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 106 (August 1997): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.1997.1.106.22.

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Davis, Nancy S., and Kathy R. Thornburg∗. "Child Care: A Synthesis of Research." Early Child Development and Care 98, no. 1 (January 1994): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443940980105.

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