Journal articles on the topic 'Child analysis Case studies'
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1
McKay, Kathy, and Fiona Shand. "Child-Sized Gaps in the System: Case Studies of Child Suicidality and Support Within the Australian Healthcare System." Educational and Developmental Psychologist 33, no. 2 (September 19, 2016): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2016.14.
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While children both understand the concept of, and have died by, suicide, little research has been conducted on children's experiences of healthcare systems during and after a suicidal crisis. This article focuses on three case studies of mothers with suicidal daughters and aims to describe the health service experiences of parents whose children have attempted suicide. The case studies were selected as exemplars of three different healthcare experiences of mothers with suicidal daughters younger than 16 years of age. Interviews were conducted with the mothers, focusing on their experiences when trying to find care for their daughters after a suicide attempt. A ‘dirty text’ analysis was undertaken on the transcripts, which aimed to find potential redemption within stories of trauma. Narratives were analysed to see how their stories were told, but also how experiences could be shared or be dissimilar. Significant gaps currently exist in the care and support provided to suicidal children, particularly in the critical post-discharge phase. Adults were not always able to recognise when a child was suicidal, or sometimes take that suicidality seriously. Support must often be proactively sought, and even organisations that are meant to target children and adolescents may not always provide appropriate care.
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Rice, James Gordon, Helga Baldvins Bjargardóttir, and Hanna Björg Sigurjónsdóttir. "Child Protection, Disability and Obstetric Violence: Three Case Studies from Iceland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010158.
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This contribution is a collective re-analysis of three research projects in Iceland focused on parenting with a disability which draws upon data spanning a twenty-year period. The core purpose of these projects is to understand why parents with primarily intellectual disabilities encounter such difficulties with the child protection system. Our aim with this contribution is to identify, through a longitudinal and comparative framework, why these difficulties persist despite a changing disability rights environment. A case study methodology has been employed highlighting three cases, one from each research project, which focus narrowly on disabled parents’ struggles with the child protection system in the context of the maternity ward. The findings, framed in the concept of structural violence, indicate poor working practices on the part of healthcare and child protection, a lack of trust, and that context is still ignored in favour of disability as the explanatory framework for the perceived inadequacies of the parents. We contend that child protection authorities continue to remain out of step with developments in disability and human rights. The contribution concludes to make a case as to why the concept of obstetric violence is a useful framework for criticism and advocacy work in this area.
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DOĞAN, Beyhan. "A Research on the Prevention of Fatal Child Abuse: 40 Case Studies from News." İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1572–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1078041.
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In this article, it is aimed to explain and discuss the multidimensional and complex situation of fatal child abuse through the news (cases) of children killed by their parents and reflected in the media in the last ten years. By revealing the risk factors and triggers for the occurrence of the cases, it will be ensured that the factors causing the fatal child abuse are evaluated correctly. Thus, suggestions will be made for the preventive mechanisms in child protection services and the social policies to be formed in this area to intervene at the right time.Content analysis technique was used as a qualitative method in the research. The news of fatal child abuse was analyzed within the scope of thematic content analysis and the obtained data were synthesized and interpreted. As a result of synthesizing the cases with thematic content analysis, it was determined that the occurrence forms of the cases were largely similar. The division of the cases into certain categories and the compatibility of these categories with the risk factors of child abuse confirms the information in the literature.The study group of the research consists of the cases where fatal child abuse occurs within the scope of 40 news stories about children killed by their parents, 20 of which are from the mother and 20 from the father. In the study, cases older than ten years were excluded in order to present current data to social policies by analyzing current situations. As the data reached saturation, the study group was limited to forty parents.Psychological problems, early marriage and having children, and being in an non-marital relationship are the leading causes of abuse by mothers. Among the factors that cause paternal filicide are problems related to divorce and living apart, economic difficulties and problems related to substance use.As a result, considering the child neglect and abuse checklist, it is concluded that all of these cases are preventable. Families should be supported in risky situations by intervening within the scope of preventive services in child protection practices in these cases where fatal child abuse is experienced.
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Kidd, Kenneth. "Queer Theory's Child and Children's Literature Studies." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 126, no. 1 (January 2011): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2011.126.1.182.
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In 2002 Karín Lesnik-Oberstein and Stephen Thomson published an essay entitled “what is queer theory doing with the child?,” addressing work in the 1990s by Michael Moon and the late, great Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick on the “protogay” child. Something inappropriate, even scandalous, was their answer, as one might surmise from the accusatory shape of the question. In their reading, Moon and Sedgwick essentialize rather than interrogate the protogay child, such that said child becomes “an anti-theoretical moment, resistant to analysis, itself the figure deployed as resistance” (36). For Lesnik-Oberstein and Thomson, queer theory is insufficiently alert to the lessons of poststructuralist theory and especially to the ongoing interrogation of “child” and “childhood.” Lesnik-Oberstein and Thomson specialize in childhood studies, and Lesnik-Oberstein is a well-known scholar of children's literature. Her 1994 Children's Literature: Criticism and the Fictional Child extends and takes inspiration from Jacqueline Rose's The Case of Peter Pan; or, The Impossibility of Children's Fiction (1984), which ushered into children's literature studies a powerful and lasting skepticism about “childhood” and “children's literature.”
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Melogno, Sergio, Maria Pinto, Margherita Orsolini, and Luigi Tarani. "Beyond the Literal Meaning of Words in Children with Klinefelter Syndrome: Two Case Studies." Brain Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8090171.
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Literature on children with Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) points to general linguistic difficulties in both comprehension and production among other cognitive functions, and in the majority of cases, these coexist with an intellectual level within the norms. In these conditions, children having language delay generally engage in language therapy and are systematically monitored across ages. In this article, we present the profiles of two children with KS (47, XXY), aged 9.1 (Child S) and 13 (Child D), whose language development was assessed as adequate at age 3, and for this reason, did not receive any language treatment. At the present stage, their IQ, as measured by Wechsler Scales (Child S: 92; Child D: 101), is within the norm, but they both present marked weaknesses in pragmatic skills such as figurative language comprehension. The analysis of these two cases points to the need to go beyond global indexes of verbal abilities, as the same global index may mask a wide diversification of individual profiles. In addition, this study underlines the importance of monitoring the developmental trajectories of children like Child D and Child S, because weaknesses in pragmatic skills that are relevant for both academic achievement and social adaptation could emerge at later stages.
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Prior, T. W., P. A. Blasco, J. L. Dove, R. T. Leshner, and H. D. Gruemer. "Use of DNA probes in detecting carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: selected case studies." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 679–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.4.679.
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Abstract Detection of Duchenne muscular dystrophy carriers by genetic analysis is illustrated by four case studies. The technique is most useful in obligate families, in excluding carrier status in isolated cases, and in families in which the affected child demonstrates a molecular deletion. A major limitation of this technique is that the accuracy of carrier status in isolated (i.e., no family history) cases is limited by the probability that the affected child may represent a new mutation. To improve the carrier risk estimate generated by the DNA data, particularly in isolated cases, we suggest that measuring creatine kinase activities in the serum and performing the genetic analysis on the nonaffected males may be helpful.
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Tofani, Laura Rocchietta, and Kate Wheeler. "The Recent-Traumatic Episode Protocol: Outcome Evaluation and Analysis of Three Case Studies." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 5, no. 3 (2011): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.5.3.95.
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This article evaluates and illustrates the application of the recent-traumatic episode protocol (R-TEP) with three diverse clients: a child with chronic illness, a woman with a significant loss, and an adolescent who self-harmed. The R-TEP is an adaptation of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) protocol for early EMDR intervention. Sessions are presented in detail to highlight the shifts in information processing that occur during treatment. Observed markers used to analyze the flow of processing are identified, which include distancing from the trauma; reduction in negative affect or change in reported emotions; accessing more adaptive information; changes in the Subjective Units of Disturbance scale; and the Validity of Cognition scale and Impact of Event Scale—Revised indicating shifts in perception of the traumatic memory. Pre-post R-TEP treatment gains were noted for all clients, with changes in behavior and functioning. Theoretical underpinnings of the R-TEP are discussed with respect to the reported observations. The specific contribution of the protocol is highlighted, considering its procedural components and related plausible mechanisms of change.
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Tao, Xiangyi, and Robyn Ewing. "Images of the child in preschool music education: Case studies in Australia and China." International Journal of Music in Early Childhood 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijmec_00002_1.
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This article explores images of young children in preschool music curricula in an Australian and a Chinese preschool. The ‘images of the child’ relevant to each country are presented by including children’s voices, teachers’ perceptions of children’s personalities and their ways of learning, and children’s roles in learning as designated in official documents on early childhood education. Framed by a sociocultural perspective, this qualitative case study responds to the changing contexts of early childhood music education (ECME) in both countries. Crystallization as a methodological lens is applied to shed light on the variations and complexities from the teachers’ and the children’s perspectives. Data-gathering methods include document analysis, classroom observations, teachers’ interviews and conversations with children. This article particularly reflects the images and experiences of the children through their own lenses and enriches the scope of current ECME research.The main findings suggest the existence of both alignment and gaps, in varying degrees, between the official policy documents, the teachers’ perceptions, and the children’s understandings of their musical experiences. First, images of the child in the policy articles are interpreted differently in Australia and China, and there is a marked difference between the countries in their definitions of child-centred learning in specific contexts. Finally, implications and directions for future research are suggested to facilitate children’s musical exploration in preschools.
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Sunansyah, Didi Wahyudi, and Aryani Witasari. "Effectiveness Of Allotment Penalty Imposed By Judge In The Case Of Children For A Child Protection As Victims (Case Study at State Court of Sumber)." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 3, no. 1 (April 13, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v3i1.8483.
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The formulation in this study were 1) How allotment setting penalty in child protection legislation in order to protect the child as a victim? 2) How is the effectiveness of the penalty in the Child Protection Act?Method sociological approach juridical law and specification in this study were included descriptive analysis. Even sources and types of data in this study are primary data obtained from interviews with field studies Supervising Officers Society Child (PK Child) of the Penal Hall Cirebon and Head of Correctional Cirebon, And secondary data obtained from the study of literature. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The problems studied by the theory of progressive legal protection and law.Based on the results of this study concluded under Appropriation settings Criminal Penalty In Child Protection Act is not describe protect children as victims, because the penalty to be paid by the convict is intended for countries not intended for children who are victims of crime. Appropriation effectiveness Criminal Judge Penalty That Dropped In Case of Children in the Context of the Protection of Children As Victims are Criminal penalties in the Law on Child Protection was not effective in reality, as more convicts chose imprisonment in lieu of penalty are not paid, compared to paying the penalty, it has implications for the expenditure of state finances are more likely to pay for convicts in prisons and to make prisons more crowded or over capacity.Keywords: Effectiveness; Penalty; Justice; Protection; Child.
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Rosenthal, Miriam K. "Out-of-home Child Care Research: A Cultural Perspective." International Journal of Behavioral Development 23, no. 2 (June 1999): 477–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502599383928.
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This paper analyses the cultural context of inquiry and research into the effects of out-of-home child care on children’s development. In particular, it attempts to show how the study of such child care has been shaped by a Western world view in which white, middle class values and social ideology are particularly salient. The effects of this cultural context can be seen in the basic assumptions of studies on out-of-home child care, in the questions these studies pose for investigation, and in the motivation of the investigators engaged in this line of research. These in turn determine the research designs, the units of analysis for the examination of children’s functioning and of the child care environment, the operational definitions of variables, and the statistical procedures employed in many of these studies. The analysis begins by examining cultural variations in societal attitudes to out-of-home child care as a function of cultural context and basic assumptions concerning childhood, development, and the role ascribed to the family and the community at large in children’s development. The paper then proceeds to examine the relationship between cultural context and its valued developmental goals and the developmental outcomes studied in child care research. The relationships between goals set for child care, cultural beliefs concerning child-rearing practices, the definition of “quality of care” and the study of the relationship of home and child care, in child care research, are also examined. It then explores the major research questions and methodology concerning the effect of child care on development in the Anglo-American child care research tradition. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for culturally sensitive routes to studying child care.
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Wyszynski, Diego F., David L. Duffy, and Terri H. Beaty. "Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Oral Clefts: A Meta-analysis." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 34, no. 3 (May 1997): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1997_034_0206_mcsaoc_2.3.co_2.
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Objective A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between maternal cigarette smoking and the risk of having a child with a nonsyndromic oral cleft (NSOC). Design Studies published from 1966 through 1996 were retrieved using MEDLINE, Current Contents, bibliographies, and other sources. MEDLINE and Current Contents search terms included “oral clefts,” “cigarette smoking,” “birth defects,” and “congenital malformations.” Cohort and case-control studies that enrolled oral cleft patients [cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), cleft palate (CP), or both] and controls, and presented information on maternal cigarette exposure during pregnancy were included in the analysis. Descriptive and outcome data from each study were independently abstracted by two authors. Results The overall odds ratio of the 11 studies satisfying criteria was 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18 to 1.42] for CL/P and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.62) for CP, Indicating a small increased risk of having a child with either a CL/P or a CP for mothers who smoke during the first trimester of the pregnancy. Conclusions These analyses suggest a small but statistically significant association between maternal cigarette smoking during the first trimester of gestation and increased risk of having a child with a CL/P or CP.
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Devenin, Veronica, and Constanza Bianchi. "Characterizing a mining space: Analysis from case studies in Chile and Australia." Resources Policy 63 (October 2019): 101402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101402.
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Lazarenko, I. F., T. V. Kurilina, and N. P. Hliadielova. "Hepatorenal syndrome in a child with cystic fibrosis: analysis of a clinical case." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 4(124) (May 30, 2022): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2022.124.84.
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Hepato-renal syndrome (HRS) is a rare complication that may accompany end-stage cystic fibrosis-associated cirrhosis in patients with cystic fibrosis. There is currently no unified protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of HRS in cystic fibrosis, particularly in pediatric patients. The main approaches to diagnosing the condition are to detect signs of acute renal failure in a patient with severe liver damage in the absence of shock and in the absence of signs of organic kidney damage or the use of nephrotoxic drugs. Treatment is based on the appointment of vasoconstrictors in combination with albumin infusion and the exclusion of factors that promote the development of HRS, but the method of final therapy remains liver transplantation. The article presents an analysis of the clinical case of HRS and its treatment in a child with cystic fibrosis. Immediate detection of liver cirrhosis in patients with cystic fibrosis, exclusion of the risk factors (massive and protracted surgical interventions, significant volume of extracted ascitic rudin, limiting the use of nephrotoxic drugs and high-dose loop diuretics) is a way to prevent the development of severe liver cirrhosis complications. Immediate recognition and proper management of HRS is a way to protect life before liver transplantation, as well as to preserve the quality of life of patients with cystic fibrosis. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: cystic fibrosis, hepatorenal syndrome, liver cirrhosis, ascites, terlipressin.
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Skakauskas, V. "A One-Sex Population Dynamics Model with Discrete Set of Offsprings and Child Care." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 13, no. 4 (October 20, 2008): 525–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2008.13.4.14556.
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We present a one-sex age-structured population dynamics deterministic model with a discrete set of offsprings, child care, environmental pressure, and spatial migration. All individuals have pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive age intervals. Individuals of reproductive age are divided into fertile single and taking child care groups. All individuals of pre-reproductive age are divided into young (under maternal care) and juvenile (offspring who can live without maternal care) classes. It is assumed that all young offsprings move together with their mother and that after the death of mother all her young offsprings are killed. The model consists of integro-partial differential equations subject to the conditions of the integral type. Number of these equations depends on a biologically possible maximal newborns number of the same generation produced by an individual. The existence and uniqueness theorem is proved, separable solutions are studied, and the long time behavior is examined for the solution with general type of initial distributions in the case of non-dispersing population. Separable and more general (nonseparable) solutions, their large time behavior, and steady-state solutions are studied for the population with spatial dispersal, too.
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Daniels, Stephen R., and Bonny Specker. "Rug shampooing and Kawasaki disease: A meta analysis of published case-control studies." Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 1, no. 1 (December 1992): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1058-9813(06)80072-x.
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Kaltner, Melissa. "Re-referral for Complex Child Abuse and Neglect Concerns: The Influence of Family and Child Factors in a 25 Year Data Set." Children Australia 38, no. 1 (January 30, 2013): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2012.45.
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ObjectiveThe study reviewed a 25-year dataset of child abuse and neglect concerns, examining child and family factors associated with re-referral.MethodsSuspected child abuse and neglect data collated from a variety of sources including child protection, health, police and education by a multidisciplinary Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect team for the 25-year period of 1980 to 2005 was entered for analysis. Case referral criteria for the team included clinician perception of the case as being complex and necessitating multidisciplinary case planning. The dataset contained 6669 cases of child abuse and neglect concerns, relating to 5943 unique children.ResultsThe majority of children (90.5%) experienced only one referral to the team, with the remaining experiencing between 2–6 referrals. Through the utilisation of regression analysis, the factors of number of abuse types present at the initial concern, parental abuse as a child, parental intellectual disability, parental history of violence, perpetrator of intrafamilial origin, disabled children in family, and financial stress in family were found to significantly predict complex case re-referral respectively.ConclusionsChildren within this Australian sample of complex cases experienced rates of re-referral similar to those reported internationally. Family and child factors identified as predictors of re-referral in this 25-year dataset support previous international studies on statutory child protection re-referral, and evidence for the association between previously unstudied variables and re-referral likelihood for complex cases.
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Lumbasi, Joseph, and Ian Barron. "Male Survivor Perceptions of Seeking Support: Hermeneutic Analysis of a Cluster Case Study." International Journal of Social Work 3, no. 1 (May 2, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v3i1.8626.
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<p>Studies with male survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) are limited in focus and only one study, to date, has explored survivor perceptions of sexual assault treatment services. The current study, sought to deepen the understanding of survivor experience by identifying the triggers and barriers for seeking support as well as how survivors overcome these barriers. A cluster case study design was used with three adult males. A hermeneutic analysis was utilized to identify and explore meanings from male survivor perspectives. The study found male survivors dealt with barriers to support, through a range of strategies, including adopting helping others, rather than seeking sexual assault treatment services. Hermeneutic analysis was identified as an empowering process that enabled male survivors express their experiences. Large scale studies are needed to explore the potential wide range of male survivor experience.</p>
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Dalal, Priti G., Melissa Coleman, Meagan Horst, Dorothy Rocourt, Roger L. Ladda, and Piotr K. Janicki. "Case Report: Genetic analysis and anesthetic management of a child with Niemann-Pick disease Type A." F1000Research 4 (December 10, 2015): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7470.1.
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A 14-month-old child, recently diagnosed with Niemann-Pick disease type A, presented for a laparoscopic placement of a gastrostomy tube under general anesthesia. The disease was confirmed and further characterized by genetic testing, which revealed evidence of the presence of two known pathogenic mutations in the SMPD1 gene, and enzyme studies showed a corresponding very low level of enzymatic activity of acidic sphingomyelinase. The anesthetic management involved strategies to manage an anticipated difficult intubation and avoid post-operative ventilation.
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Xu, Dongxin, Jeffrey A. Richards, and Jill Gilkerson. "Automated Analysis of Child Phonetic Production Using Naturalistic Recordings." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 5 (October 2014): 1638–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-s-13-0037.
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Purpose Conventional resource-intensive methods for child phonetic development studies are often impractical for sampling and analyzing child vocalizations in sufficient quantity. The purpose of this study was to provide new information on early language development by an automated analysis of child phonetic production using naturalistic recordings. The new approach was evaluated relative to conventional manual transcription methods. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by a case study with 106 children with typical development (TD) ages 8–48 months, 71 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ages 16–48 months, and 49 children with language delay (LD) not related to ASD ages 10–44 months. Method A small digital recorder in the chest pocket of clothing captured full-day natural child vocalizations, which were automatically identified into consonant, vowel, nonspeech, and silence, producing the average count per utterance (ACPU) for consonant and vowel. Results Clear child utterances were identified with above 72% accuracy. Correlations between machine-estimated and human-transcribed ACPUs were above 0.82. Children with TD produced significantly more consonants and vowels per utterance than did other children. Children with LD produced significantly more consonants but not vowels than did children with ASD. Conclusion The authors provide new information on typical and atypical language development in children with TD, ASD, and LD using an automated computational approach.
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Płonka, Arkadiusz. "MARGINAL LINGUISTIC SYSTEMS (ANIMAL CALLS, CHILD-DIRECTED LANGUAGE) AND POLITICAL FOLKLORE IN LEBANON: TWO CASE STUDIES." Levantine Review 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/lev.v1i1.2155.
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This paper takes a sociolinguistic approach to the analysis of the informal usage of two words common in modern Lebanese political discourse; ħarf at-tanbīh (the warning interjection) “hā,” used in Arabic inter alia in calls to animals, and the hypocoristic forename “Roro,” borrowed from the French. The paper also demonstrates how these lexical characteristics of the Lebanese dialect reveal similarities to what Ferguson termed marginal systems within languages. The paper is supplemented by graphical representations and other extra-linguistic data.
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Deshpande, A. "Everyday Life of Slum Children: A Case study from Education Perspective." CARDIOMETRY, no. 23 (August 20, 2022): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.23.319325.
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Every year, the city of Pune attracts migrant workers due to urbanization, and these migrants form residential pockets called slums. Today, around 40% of Pune’s population lives in urban slums, around 11% of children, who have little or no access to education with the everyday hand-to-mouth struggle for survival. This study explores the lives of slum children and their educational conditions. Three case studies were conducted with three slums from uptown areas of Pune. Focus group discussions, interviews, and visual survey methods were employed, leading to qualitative analysis. Analysis threw light on the everyday challenges faced by slum children in accessing education. The visual studies imply the need for architectural intervention. The findings also suggest policy implications towards the provision of education towards the betterment of the lives of slum children. Working and learning are the two social processes; without breaking the legal structures on child labor, children working within the home as domestic labor or in the household enterprise is a common occurrence in urban centers, particularly among those who are household income is derived from the informal sector and who have lower income levels. Working modes and times differ depending on the situation. Owing to the size of India’s informal economy and attempts to reduce child labor trafficking, a strong emphasis has been placed on developing and implementing social policies that address child labor.
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Deshpande, Aditi. "Everyday Life of Slum Children: A Case Study from Education Perspective." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (September 16, 2021): 5191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2556.
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Every year, the city of Pune attracts migrant workers due to urbanization, and these migrants form residential pockets called slums. Today, around 40% of Pune's population lives in urban slums, around 11% of children, who have little or no access to education with the everyday hand-to-mouth struggle for survival. This study explores the lives of slum children and their educational conditions. Three case studies were conducted with three slums from uptown areas of Pune. Focus group discussions, interviews, and visual survey methods were employed, leading to qualitative analysis. Analysis threw light on the everyday challenges faced by slum children in accessing education. The visual studies imply the need for architectural intervention. The findings also suggest policy implications towards the provision of education towards the betterment of the lives of slum children. Working and learning are the two social processes; without breaking the legal structures on child labor, children working within the home as domestic labor or in the household enterprise is a common occurrence in urban centers, particularly among those who are household income is derived from the informal sector and who have lower income levels. Working modes and times differ depending on the situation. Owing to the size of India's informal economy and attempts to reduce child labor trafficking, a strong emphasis has been placed on developing and implementing social policies that address child labor.
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Lavigne, John V., and Kathryn Mendelsohn Meyers. "Meta-Analysis: Association of Parent and Child Mental Health with Pediatric Health Care Utilization." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 44, no. 9 (June 24, 2019): 1097–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsz049.
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Abstract Objective To examine the association of psychological factors and pediatric health care utilization. Method Ovid Medline and PsychInfo were searched and archival and forward searchers were conducted of relevant articles. Studies of the association between psychological risk factors and pediatric health care utilization of outpatient services, emergency department, inpatient length of stay, and costs were identified. Effect sizes were expressed in the form of the standardized mean difference. From 4,546 studies identified in the search, 69 studies met inclusion criteria. Results There were significant low-moderate associations between higher outpatient visits and general child mental health (MH) problems (mean ES [mES] = 0.35), overall psychopathology (mES = 0.44), and internalizing symptoms (mES = 0.16). Results were significant for any parent MH problem (mES = 0.18). For emergency department (ED) visits, there were significant association between more ED visits and any child MH problems (mES = 0.25), internalizing symptoms (mES = 0.24), externalizing symptoms (mES = 0.16), and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (mES= 0.14), as well as parent MH (mES = 0.24) and maternal depression (mES = 0.21). Increased hospitalizations were associated with any child MH problem (mES = 0.3), overall child psychopathology (mES = 0.49), child depression (ES = 0.41), and any parent MH problem (mES = 0.54). For costs, results were significant for any child MH problem (mES = 0.38). Conclusions Child and parent MH problems are significantly associated with increased HCU.
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Doytch, Nadia, Nina Thelen, and Ronald U. Mendoza. "The impact of FDI on child labor: Insights from an empirical analysis of sectoral FDI data and case studies." Children and Youth Services Review 47 (December 2014): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.09.008.
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Bennett, Kylie, Andrew Booth, Susan Gair, Rose Kibet, and Ros Thorpe. "Poverty is the problem – not parents: so tell me, child protection worker, how can you help?" Children Australia 45, no. 4 (August 14, 2020): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.39.
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AbstractFamilies who attract the attention of child protection services most often have ongoing lived experiences of poverty, gender-based domestic and family violence, problematic substance use and, sometimes, formally diagnosed mental health conditions. Without broader contextual knowledge and understanding, particularly regarding ongoing poverty, decision-making by child protection workers often leads to the removal of children, while the family’s material poverty and experiences of violence remain unaddressed. Case studies are a common tool to succinctly capture complex contexts. In this article, we make explicit, through case examples and analysis, how poverty is almost always the backdrop to the presence of worrying risk factors before and during child protection intervention. Further, we expose the existential poverty that parents live with after they lose their children into care and which invariably exacerbates material poverty. In the final section, we consider the multi-faceted organisational poverty that blights the work environment of child protection workers, and we suggest strategies for improved practice with families living in poverty.
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Tasmo, Tasmo, and Rakhmat Bowo Suharto. "The Legal Consequence Of The Judge Decision In The Case Of Children Criminal Justice Which Do Not Based On Society Research From Society Supervisor (Studies on Settlement Case of Children Crime In State Court of Cirebon)." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 2, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v2i4.8362.
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This study to answer the question: 1) The legal consequences of the Juvenile Judge decision who do not based �the Society Research (Litmas) of Society Supervisor (PK) in the State Court of Cirebon, 2) The value of justice verdict child in considering Society Research (Litmas) of Society Supervisor (PK) in the State Court of Cirebon.The approach used in this study is a sociological juridical approach. The kind of this research is descriptive analysis. Data were collected by interview and literature method. The method used by researchers is sociological approach juridical law and specification in this study were included descriptive analysis. As for sources and types of data in this study are primary data obtained from interviews with field studies State Court of Cirebon, and secondary data obtained from the study of literature.The final conclusion is: 1) The legal consequences of the judge's decision not to consider children who Litmas Results PK Bapas under Article 60 of Child Law Criminal Justice System, child verdict is declared null and void, and the cancellation do not require cancellation; 2) Society Research (Litmas) Society Supervisors (PK) Correctional Center did not bring a positive impact to deliver a fair verdict and best for the child, when the judge makes it just as a mere formality and not as consideration verdict. Put forward suggestions: 1) It should be implemented in law changes SPPA clearly so Litmas PK Bapas not only as a formal requirement child judges in decisions; 2)Institutions should set up an oversight judge to judge that the judge's ruling the child can be declared as null and void the decision, and the judge supervision should stipulate that convicted child can not be executed by the Public Prosecutor.Keywords: Law Effects; Judge Decision; Child Crime; Society Research; Society Supervisor.
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Toro-Huamanchumo, Carlos J., Cielo Cabanillas-Ramirez, Carlos Quispe-Vicuña, Jose A. Caballero-Alvarado, Darwin A. León-Figueroa, Nicolás Cruces-Tirado, and Joshuan J. Barboza. "Mean Platelet Volume in Neonatal Sepsis: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies." Children 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121821.
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Introduction: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), particularly in preterm sepsis, is a potentially fatal issue. Evaluation of mean platelet volume (MPV) as an EONS predictor was the goal. Methods: Four databases were used to conduct a systematic evaluation of cohort and case–control studies. Up till the end of October 2022, 137 articles were found utilizing the search method. Following the review, 12 studies were included. Leukocytes, MPV, platelets, gender, birth weight, gestational age, mortality, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were all taken into account while analyzing the prediction of EONS. Inverse-variance methodology and the random-effects model were used. Using GRADE, the evidence’s quality was evaluated. Results: Neonatal patients with sepsis had significantly higher MPV levels than do neonates without sepsis (MD 1.26; 95% CI 0.89–1.63; p < 0.001). An increased MPV during the first 24 h postpartum was associated with high CRP values and high risk of neonatal mortality. In the investigations, the MPV cutoff for sepsis patients was 9.95 (SD 0.843). Overall certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusions: The increased MPV during the first 24 h postpartum may be predictive of EONS and mortality. Future studies are warranted.
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Rush, Michael, and Suleman Ibrahim Lazarus. "‘Troubling’ Chastisement: A Comparative Historical Analysis of Child Punishment in Ghana and Ireland." Sociological Research Online 23, no. 1 (January 19, 2018): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780417749250.
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This article reviews an epochal change in international thinking about physical punishment of children from being a reasonable method of chastisement to one that is harmful to children and troubling to families. In addition, the article suggests shifts in thinking about physical punishment were originally pioneered as part and parcel of the dismantling of national laws granting fathers’ specific rights to admonish children under conventions of patria potestas. A comparative historical framework of analysis involving two case studies of Ireland and Ghana illustrates non-unilinear pathways of international convergence towards the prohibition of physical punishment. The comparative historical analysis highlights the 1930s and 1940s as an era when Ireland began to reject patria potestas and religious or judicial rulings which allowed for children to be given ‘a good beating’ in family and school settings. However, from the same period, Ghana is seen to experience Christian remonstrations not to ‘spare the rod’ leading to the ‘conventional’ tradition of ‘this is how we do it here’. Two case studies serve to illustrate that banning physical punishment was less controversial in Ireland where allied traditions of patria potestas and disciplinarian Christian beliefs had lost their moral hegemony than in Ghana where such beliefs still held influence. The article concludes overall that normative campaigns against physical punishment of children emanate from a coherent paradigm of family policy where childcare, education, and well-being of children are embedded as everyday societal responsibilities rather than privatised or patriarchal familial obligations. The coherent model offers an alternative moral hegemony to neo-liberal and Janus-faced conceptualisations of good or ‘intact’ families versus ‘broken’ or ‘troubled’ families.
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Flipsen, Peter. "Predicting the Future: A Case Study in Prognostication." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26, no. 4 (November 8, 2017): 1057–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_ajslp-17-0022.
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Purpose Clinicians are regularly asked to make long-term prognoses. The aim of the current report was to present one systematic approach to doing so. A case example from a malpractice case involving a child fitted with a cochlear implant was presented. Implantation occurred at age 17 months (activation 1 month later), but due to a procedural error, the implant was not functional for 19 months. The problem was ultimately rectified, but the legal case hinged largely on whether the child would be able to make up for the lost time. Method A review of the literature on long-term outcomes in children with cochlear implants was conducted. Using 4 studies measuring outcomes 7–10 years later, outcomes were compared between children implanted at age 17–18 months and those implanted at age 36–37 months. Results Analysis suggested no potential impact on nonverbal cognitive skills. However, analysis in the areas of speech perception, word comprehension, speech intelligibility, and reading suggested that after 7–10 years, this child would potentially continue to be approximately 1–2 years behind where she might otherwise have been. Conclusions This case illustrated the possibility of deriving a long-term prognosis using a systematic examination of the existing outcomes literature. Such an approach is consistent with our mandate to engage in evidence-based practice.
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O'Leary, Donna. "Who gets child protection and welfare services and why?" Boolean 2022 VI, no. 1 (December 6, 2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2022.1.3.
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When children are reported to Tusla Child and Family Agency, social workers may conduct Initial Assessments to determine their safety and welfare to decide if they need ongoing services. We know little about these impactful decisions. Equally, little is known about the nature of concerns investigated or about the children and families themselves. The research for my PhD addressed this evidence gap. I conducted two empirical studies in Tusla between 2015 and 2016. In the first, a case study, I used case file records and interviews to explore social workers’ rationales for their judgments and decisions. In the second, a cross-sectional study, I coded written case records to profile the population undergoing assessments and identify, through multivariable analysis, factors associated with the decision to provide ongoing service.The study developed new insights into the characteristics of children and families undergoing initial assessment and into decision making processes. Social workers’ judgments about service needs are informed by case factors, policies, resource constraints and their perception of their expertise and role. Almost 40% of children assessed received ongoing service. Multivariable analysis indicated decisions to provide ongoing services are multifactorial, influenced by a handful of current and historic case and organisation factors. This is the largest study of Initial Assessments conducted in Ireland to date. Implications of the findings for interventions, policy and further research are discussed.
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Nelson, Margaret. "A critical analysis of the act for better child care services." Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 12, no. 3 (1992): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1554477x.1992.9970644.
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D'Cruz, Heather. "Constructing the Identities of ‘Responsible Mothers, Invisible Men’ in Child Protection Practice." Sociological Research Online 7, no. 1 (March 2002): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.705.
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Social constructionism offers valuable insights into the study of social problems for example, poverty, homelessness, crime and delinquency, including how social phenomena ‘become’ social problems, through social processes of interaction and interpretation. The social construction of child maltreatment has recently emerged as a site of scholarly inquiry and critique. This paper explores through three case studies how ‘responsibility for child maltreatment’ is constructed in child protection practice, with a specific focus on how ‘responsibility’ may also be gendered. In particular, how is gender associated with responsibility, such that the identity-pair, ‘responsible mothers, invisible men’, is a highly likely outcome as claimed in feminist literature? What other assumptions about ‘identities of risk’ or ‘dangerousness’ articulate with patriarchy and influence how responsibility is constructed? The case studies explore normally invisible processes by which social categories become ‘fact’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘truth’. Furthermore, the social construction of ‘responsibility for child maltreatment’ is extended by a reflexive analysis of my own constructionist practices, as researcher/writer in claims making. The analysis offers an insight into the dynamic and dialectical relationship between professional and organisational knowledge and practice, allowing for a critique of knowledge itself, the basis for the claims made and possible alternative ways of knowing.
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Newaz, Md Shah, Shuvashis Saha, Kh Salekuzzaman, and Sadia Sultana. "Victims of Gender-Based Violence at One-stop Crisis Centers of Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v6i1.886.
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One-stop Crisis Centers (OCCs) are established to provide comprehensive care to the survivors of gender-based violence in Bangladesh. A qualitative document analysis of the case studies from the OCCs was done to understand the help seeking and context of the survivors at the centers with the theoretical lensing of Socio-ecological model and Victim blaming explanations. Spousal violence and child sexual abuse were found most common violence types in the case studies. Help seeking was delayed in general and initiated by urgent medical needs. Help seeking was majorly achieved with help of informal agents like neighbors and parents. Proper channeling of the community can improve help seeking among the victims of Violence against Women in Bangladesh.
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Anderson, Elisabeth. "Policy Entrepreneurs and the Origins of the Regulatory Welfare State: Child Labor Reform in Nineteenth-Century Europe." American Sociological Review 83, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 173–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122417753112.
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Industrial child labor laws were the earliest manifestation of the modern regulatory welfare state. Why, despite the absence of political pressure from below, did some states (but not others) succeed in legislating working hours, minimum ages, and schooling requirements for working children in the first half of the nineteenth century? I use case studies of the politics behind the first child labor laws in Germany and France, alongside a case study of a failed child labor reform effort in Belgium, to answer this question. I show that existing structural, class-based, and institutional theories of the welfare state are insufficient to explain why child labor laws came about. Highlighting instead the previously neglected role of elite policy entrepreneurs, I argue that the success or failure of early nineteenth-century child labor laws depended on these actors’ social skill, pragmatic creativity, and goal-directedness. At the same time, their actions and influence were conditioned by their field position and the architecture of the policy field. By specifying the qualities and conditions that enable policy entrepreneurs to build the alliances needed to effect policy change, this analysis lends precision to the general claim that their agency matters.
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Singh, Sarah. "Punishing Mothers for Men’s Violence: Failure to Protect Legislation and the Criminalisation of Abused Women." Feminist Legal Studies 29, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 181–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10691-021-09455-5.
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AbstractThis article explores the gender dynamics of ‘causing or allowing a child to die’, contrary to the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004, section 5. This offence was intended to allow for prosecution where a child had been killed and it was uncertain who had killed him/her, but also to allow for prosecution of non-violent defendants who failed to protect him/her. More women than men have been charged and convicted of this offence signifying a reversal of usual patterns of prosecution and conviction. This analysis interrogates how section 5 criminalises women who have experienced domestic abuse. Drawing on a case observation, reported cases and media reports of cases, I suggest this offence derives from and perpetuates patriarchal constructs of motherhood. Grounded in a feminist approach building on women’s concrete experiences of law, I conclude that section 5 should be amended so that it is only used where it cannot be ascertained which defendant actively harmed a child.
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Sitarczyk, Magorzata. "Father as the primary guardian: based on a case study." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 603, no. 8 (October 31, 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4869.
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The study deals with the general concept of paternity. It analyses the functioning of men as primary parents from the legal, philosophical, psychological, and social perspective. The paper presents the personal and educational competences of fathers who have been authorised by court decisions to act as the primary parent. Given the diversity of legal, psychological and social circumstances of fathers who seek to act as direct carers for their children, the competences to play the role of a primary parent are analysed based on a case study. Based on an analysis of case studies, it has been demonstrated that not every case of direct care results in alienation of the other parent and, consequently, disruption of the bond with the child. The study emphasizes that parental alienation does not stem from faulty decision-making or enforcement of the guardianship law, but rather from incorrect parental attitudes, lack of good will, emotional and social immaturity, and insufficient parenting competences.
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Wroe, Lauren Elizabeth. "When Helping Hurts: A Zemiological Analysis of a Child Protection Intervention in Adolescence—Implications for a Critical Child Protection Studies." Social Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060263.
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This paper presents data from a three-year, mixed methods study into the rate and impact of ‘relocation’ as a response to extra-familial harm in adolescence by children’s social care teams. Participatory approaches to research design, data collection and analysis are used to gain insights from young people, parents/carers and professionals about the impact of relocations on safety. Professionals and young people report a range of harms implicated in the use of relocations, whilst sharing that the intervention often increases safety. Data are analysed zemiologically to understand this ambivalence, connecting micro accounts of harm with meso, institutional and macro structures that determine child protection intervention. Zemiology is put forward as a promising approach for a Critical Child Protection Studies.
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Chandan, Joht Singh, Tom Thomas, Karim Raza, Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, and Julie Taylor. "Association between child maltreatment and central sensitivity syndromes: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e025436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025436.
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IntroductionA growing body of evidence is identifying the link between a history of child maltreatment and a variety of adverse health outcomes ultimately leading to significant social and healthcare burden. Initial work has identified a potential association between child maltreatment and the development of a selection of somatic and visceral central sensitivity syndromes: fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, temporomandibular joint disorder, chronic lower back pain, chronic neck pain, chronic pelvic pain, interstitial cystitis, vulvodynia, chronic prostatitis, tension-type headache, migraine, myofascial pain syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome and restless legs syndrome.Methods and analysisPrimary electronic searches will be performed in the Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, PyscINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases and a number of Grey Literature sources including child protection and paediatric conference proceedings. Following independent screening of studies by two review authors, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses template will be used to aid extraction. A meta-analysis will be conducted on the included case-control and cohort studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa grading system will be used to assess the quality of included studies. Results will be expressed as pooled ORs for binary data and mean differences for continuous data.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval will not be required. The final results of the review and meta-analysis will be submitted for peer-review publication and also disseminated at relevant conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018089258.
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Vermeer, Harriet J., Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Rodrigo A. Cárcamo, and Linda J. Harrison. "Quality of Child Care Using the Environment Rating Scales: A Meta-Analysis of International Studies." International Journal of Early Childhood 48, no. 1 (January 8, 2016): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13158-015-0154-9.
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Akseer, Nadia, Tyler Vaivada, Oliver Rothschild, Kevin Ho, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. "Understanding multifactorial drivers of child stunting reduction in Exemplar countries: a mixed-methods approach." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, Supplement_2 (July 10, 2020): 792S—805S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa152.
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ABSTRACT Background Several countries have notably reduced childhood stunting relative to economic growth over the past 15–20 y. The Exemplars in Stunting Reduction project, or “Exemplars,” studies success factors among these countries with a lens toward replicability. Objectives This paper details the standardized mixed-methods framework for studying determinants of childhood stunting reduction applied in Exemplars studies. Methods An expert technical advisory group (TAG), criteria for identifying Exemplar countries, evidence-based frameworks, mixed methodologies (quantitative, qualitative, policy, literature review), effective research partnerships, case study process and timeline, and data triangulation and corroboration are presented. Results Experts in health, nutrition, and evaluation methods were selected at the study outset to provide technical support to all phases of research (TAG). Exemplar countries were selected by the TAG, who considered quantitative data (e.g., annual rates of stunting change compared with economic growth, country population size) and qualitative insights (e.g., logistics of country work, political stability). Experienced country research partners were selected and an inception meeting with stakeholder consultations was held to launch research and garner support. Evidence-based conceptual frameworks underpinned all Exemplars research activities. A systematic review of published peer-reviewed and grey literature was undertaken, along with in-depth policy and program analysis of nutrition-specific and -sensitive investments. Both descriptive and advanced quantitative analysis was undertaken (e.g., equity analyses, difference-in-difference regression, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition). Qualitative data collection using in-depth interviews and focus groups was conducted with national and community stakeholders (i.e., child care workers and mothers) to understand country experiences. The case study process was iterative, and all research outputs were triangulated to develop the stunting reduction narrative for each country. Findings were shared with country experts for weigh-in and corroboration through dissemination events. Conclusions Exemplars research uses a mixed-methods framework for studying positive outliers that can be applied across diverse health and development outcomes.
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Ewere, F., and D. O. Eke. "Neonatal Mortality and Maternal/Child Health Care in Nigeria: An Impact Analysis." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 7 (August 9, 2020): 1299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i7.26.
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Reducing the rate of mortality in neonates to as low as 12 per 1,000 live births is one of the clearly spelt out aims of the third tenet of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) because of its importance to the dynamics of population. While there have been various studies focused majorly on the causes, rates and determinants of neonatal mortality in Nigeria, studies on the impact of maternal/child care characteristics on neonatal mortalityand the potential implication of failing to attain the SDG target for neonatal mortality have seemingly been neglected. In this study, we undertake an analysis of the impact of maternal / child care characteristics on neonatal mortality using the logistic regression model. Results from the study showed that antenatal care (P-value = 0.000, odds ratio = 0.546 for women who visited the hospital during pregnancy on more than 5 occasions), post natal care (P-value = 0.004, odds ratio = 0.402 for women who received early neonatal care from skilled medical personnel), place ofdelivery (P-value = 0.000, odds ratio = 0.592 for babies that were delivered in a government hospital) and skill of birth attendant (P-value = 0.000, odds ratio = 0.706 for babies who were delivered by trained doctors/nurses/midwives) had significant impact on neonatal mortality at the 95% confidence level implying that improved maternal health care: before, during and immediately after delivery as well as the quality of care to motherand child are both important and necessary to the reduction of neonatal mortality in Nigeria. To achieve the sustainable development target for neonatal mortality, it is therefore recommended that stake holders in the public health sector improve the quality of existing health care facilities and access to quality services.
Keywords: Neonatal mortality, logistic regression, maternal care, child health care, Nigeria
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Griffioen, Richard, Steffie van der Steen, Ralf F. A. Cox, Theo Verheggen, and Marie-Jose Enders-Slegers. "Verbal Interactional Synchronization between Therapist and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder during Dolphin Assisted Therapy: Five Case Studies." Animals 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100716.
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Synchronizing behaviors in interactions, such as during turn-taking, are often impaired in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Therapies that focus on turn-taking generally lead to increased social skills, less interruptions, and silent pauses, however a positive non-demanding environment is therefore thought to be beneficial. Such an environment can be achieved by incorporating animals into therapy. Our study was guided by the following research questions: (1) How can we characterize the interaction between child and therapist during dolphin-assisted therapy, with regard to synchrony in verbalizations (turn-taking) and (2) does synchrony change over the course of six sessions of therapy? To answer these questions, we performed a cross-recurrence quantification analysis on behavioral data of five children, to give a detailed view of the interaction between therapist and child in the context of dolphin-assisted therapy. We were able to detect synchrony (i.e., adequate turn-taking) in all dyads, although not all children improved equally. The differences might be explained by a delayed reaction time of some children, and their level of language development.
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Murtaza, Azka, and Yasir Nawaz Manj. "SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE ON SURVIVORS: A CASE STUDY OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 03 (September 30, 2022): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.733.
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Child sexual abuse is a serious problem that has adverse sociocultural impact on survivors. The present study was aimed to find out the socio-cultural impact of child sexual abuse on survivors. The study was also aimed to find out the impact of stigma and maladjustment on survivors as well as to investigate the impact of disclosure and social support among child sexual abuse survivors. The nature of the study was qualitative and case study method was applied. The population of the study was child sexual abuse survivors from Punjab, Province. The multi-stage sampling technique was applied for the selection of districts, courts and respondents. At first and second stage, districts and courts were selected by using simple random sampling technique. At third stage, the respondents were selected by convenient sampling technique. The study was comprised of 10 in-depth case studies, and pseudonym were used. The tool for data collection was semi-structured interview guide. The data was analyzed by thematic analysis. The study concluded that the survivors of child sexual abuse face several socio-cultural difficulties such as social maladjustment, hindrance in education, disclosure, stigmatization and revictimization. They also face the problems of family discordance and family breakdown. Keywords: Child Sexual Abuse, Survivors, Disclosure, Social Support, Revictimization, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Narayanan, Rajeshwari, Savitha Arunachalam, and Prahada Jagannathan. "A rare case of 5p-deletion in a child: Cri-du-chat syndrome." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 9, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20220459.
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The Cri-du-chat syndrome (CdCS; OMIM#123450) is a contiguous gene syndrome caused by a variable deletion of the short arm of the chromosome 5 (5p-). The incidence ranges from 1:15,000 to 1:50,000 live-births. The CdCS diagnosis is suspected in a child with cat like cry during infancy, facial dysmorphisms, hypotonia and delayed psychomotor development. Genotype-phenotype correlation studies shows clinical and cytogenetic variability in CdCS. High resolution G banding karyotyping with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is the definitive method for a precise diagnosis of CdCS. There is no specific therapy for CdCS but early rehabilitative and educational interventions improve the prognosis and is crucial for social rehabilitation. Here the authors reported this case in view of its rarity and classical clinical features and molecular cytogenetic findings.
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Murphy, Alexander. "Political Rhetoric and Hate Speech in the Case of Shamima Begum." Religions 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100834.
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The relationship between political rhetoric and hate crime has been a topic of growing concern in recent years, with the narratives promoted by politicians widely seen as legitimating and inspiring hate crime as well as soothing or inflaming the tensions that result from antecedent hate crime events such as terrorist attacks. The potential return of so-called ‘IS bride’ Shamima Begum from a Syrian refugee camp in 2019, following her high-profile departure four years earlier, led to intense debate within the UK, particularly over the controversial removal of her citizenship by Home Secretary Sajid Javid. As an Islamist terrorism case with clear gendered dimensions, the Begum case was well-positioned to function as a hate crime trigger event. The divisiveness of this case was reflected in partisan political argument within the UK, and accompanied by high volumes of toxic and Islamophobic social media discussion alongside input from a variety of UK politicians. This paper offers a qualitative analysis of the political rhetoric promoted in the Twitter accounts of leading UK politicians in response to the citizenship decision, and subsequent developments between February and April 2019, such as the death of Begum’s child and the granting of legal aid to support her ongoing legal challenge. Through a Critical Discourse Analysis of politicians’ online rhetoric, this study aims to establish the contribution of UK political rhetoric to the hate speech discourses that emerged online in response to this case.
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Jain, Rubal, Ujjawal Khurana, Bhavna Dhingra Bhan, Garima Goel, and Neelkamal Kapoor. "Mucopolysaccharidosis: A case report highlighting hematological aspects of the disease." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 11, no. 01 (January 2019): 097–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_126_18.
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AbstractA 1½-year-old female child presented with swelling in thoracolumbar region and delayed developmental milestones. The routine hemogram analysis on Sysmex XN 1000 showed flags of white blood cell (WBC) abnormal scattergram and lymphocytosis. The peripheral smear examination showed Alder–Reilly (AR) granules leading to a suspicion of underlying Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Further clinical workup, radiographic studies, chemical test lead to the confirmatory diagnosis of MPS. A flag of abnormal WBC scattergram and AR anomaly are the hematological findings that can be seen in a case of MPS.
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Ramakrishnan, Usha. "Unicef - Cornell Colloquium on Care and Nutrition of the Young Child - Planning." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 16, no. 4 (December 1995): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659501600403.
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The need to develop appropriate knowledge-based strategies to promote better care was the basis for the UNICEF-Cornell University Colloquium on care and nutrition of the young child. The first step was to develop a conceptual model that described the various factors that influenced the quality of care and the pathways through which care influenced the nutrition status of young children below three years of age. The direct care-related behaviours included breastfeeding, complementation, feeding during illness, health related behaviours, and psychosocial care. Several underlying factors at the household, community, and national level and the interactive process of care were also considered. The resource constraints and trends were child characteristics; caregiver factors, including time availability; psychological, health, and nutrition status; organizational resources; and modernization and urbanization. The triple-A process of assessment, analysis, and action was followed to identify, understand, and prioritize the key areas while planning for the Colloquium. Besides the focus and theme papers, case-studies from developing countries and working group sessions were also included.
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PAYNTER, S., P. WEINSTEIN, R. S. WARE, M. G. LUCERO, V. TALLO, H. NOHYNEK, A. G. BARNETT, et al. "Sunshine, rainfall, humidity and child pneumonia in the tropics: time-series analyses." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 6 (August 13, 2012): 1328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812001379.
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SUMMARYFew studies have formally examined the relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of child pneumonia in the tropics, despite the fact that most child pneumonia deaths occur there. We examined the association between four meteorological exposures (rainy days, sunshine, relative humidity, temperature) and the incidence of clinical pneumonia in young children in the Philippines using three time-series methods: correlation of seasonal patterns, distributed lag regression, and case-crossover. Lack of sunshine was most strongly associated with pneumonia in both lagged regression [overall relative risk over the following 60 days for a 1-h increase in sunshine per day was 0·67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0·51–0·87)] and case-crossover analysis [odds ratio for a 1-h increase in mean daily sunshine 8–14 days earlier was 0·95 (95% CI 0·91–1·00)]. This association is well known in temperate settings but has not been noted previously in the tropics. Further research to assess causality is needed.
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Daana, Hana Asaad. "The Development of Coda Consonants in the Speech of a Bilingual Child: A Case Study." International Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 5 (October 4, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v9i5.11747.
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This paper reports on the findings of a study that explored the development of consonants in coda position in the speech of a bilingual child. This data was collected through parental diaries. The researcher traced the development of English and Arabic consonants in coda position in her own child’s production between the ages of 1.4 and 5. The analysis suggests that frequency of occurrence in the child's input plays a major role in the early appearance of particular sounds in coda position in the child's production. The analysis also reveals that the most used English consonants in coda position in the child's production are those which prefer coda position to onset position. Due to the absence of studies about the distribution of Arabic sounds within onset and coda positions, the factor that has been adopted analyzing the development of Arabic consonants in coda position is the frequency of occurrence in the child's input (parental speech). The analysis assures that the Universal Grammar Constraints also have a role in the development of some English and Arabic consonants in coda position.
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Pryjmachuk, Steven, Rebecca Elvey, Susan Kirk, Sarah Kendal, Peter Bower, and Roger Catchpole. "Developing a model of mental health self-care support for children and young people through an integrated evaluation of available types of provision involving systematic review, meta-analysis and case study." Health Services and Delivery Research 2, no. 18 (June 2014): 1–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr02180.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe mental health of children and young people (CYP) is a major UK public health concern. Recent policy reviews have identified that service provision for CYP with mental health needs is not as effective, responsive, accessible or child-centred as it could be. Following on from a previous National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) study into self-care support for CYP with long-term physical health needs, this study explored self-care support’s potential in CYP’s mental health.ObjectivesTo identify and evaluate the types of mental health self-care support used by, and available to, CYP and their parents, and to establish how such support interfaces with statutory and non-statutory service provision.DesignTwo inter-related systematic literature reviews (an effectiveness review with meta-analysis and a perceptions review), together with a service mapping exercise and case study.SettingGlobal (systematic reviews); England and Wales (mapping exercise and case study).Participants (case study)Fifty-two individuals (17 CYP, 16 family members and 19 staff) were interviewed across six sites.Main outcome measures (meta-analysis)A measure of CYP’s mental health symptomatology.Data sources (literature reviews)MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, All Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Reviews, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC).Review methodsTitles and abstracts of papers were screened for relevance then grouped into studies. Two independent reviewers extracted data from studies meeting the inclusion criteria. A descriptive analysis and meta-analysis were conducted for the effectiveness review; descriptive analyses were conducted for the perceptions review. These analyses were integrated to elicit a mixed-methods review.ResultsSixty-five of 71 included studies were meta-analysable. These 65 studies elicited 71 comparisons which, when meta-analysed, suggested that self-care support interventions were effective at 6-month [standardised mean difference (SMD) = −0.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.28 to −0.11] and 12-month (SMD = −0.12; 95% CI −0.17 to −0.06) follow-ups. However, judged against Cochrane criteria, the studies were mostly low quality. Key elements of self-care support identified in the perceptions review were the acquisition of knowledge and skills, peer support and the relationship with the self-care support agent; CYP also had different perceptions from adults about what is important in self-care support. The mapping exercise identified 27 providers of 33 self-care support services. According to the case study data, effective self-care support services are predicated on flexibility; straightforward access; non-judgemental, welcoming organisations and staff; the provision of time and attention; opportunities to learn and practise skills relevant to self-care; and systems of peer support.ConclusionsMental health self-care support interventions for CYP are modestly effective in the short to medium term. Self-care support can be conceptualised as a process which has overlap with ‘recovery’. CYP and their families want choice and flexibility in the provision of such interventions and a continued relationship with services after the nominal therapy period. Those delivering self-care support need to have specific child-centred attributes.Future workFuture work should focus on under-represented conditions (e.g. psychosis, eating disorders, self-harm); the role of technology, leadership and readiness in self-care support; satisfaction in self-care support; the conceptualisation of self-care support in CYP’s mental health; and efficacy and cost-effectiveness.Study registrationPROSPERO number (for the effectiveness review) CRD42012001981.FundingThe NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research programme.