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Academic literature on the topic 'Chiffrement homomorphe (informatique)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chiffrement homomorphe (informatique)"
Tap, Samuel. "Construction de nouveaux outils de chiffrement homomorphe efficace." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENS103.
Full textIn our everyday life, we leave a trail of data whenever we access online services. Some are given voluntarily and others reluctantly. Those data are collected and analyzed in the clear which leads to major threats on the user's privacy and prevents collaborations between entities working on sensitive data. In this context, Fully Homomorphic Encryption brings a new hope by enabling computation over encrypted data, which removes the need to access data in the clear to analyze and exploit it. This thesis focuses on TFHE, a recent fully homomorphic encryption scheme able to compute a bootstrapping in record time. We introduce an optimization framework to set the degrees of freedom inherent to homomorphic computations which gives non-experts the ability to use it (more) easily. We describe a plethora of new FHE algorithms which improve significantly the state of the art and limit, (if not remove) existing restrictions. Efficient open source implementations are already accessible
Barrier, Joris. "Chiffrement homomorphe appliqué au retrait d'information privé." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0041/document.
Full textPrivate information retrieval, named PIR, is a set of protocols that is a part of privacy enhancement technologies.Its major feature is to hide the index of a record that a user retrieved from the host.Without neglecting the scientific contributions of its authors, the usability of this protocol seems hard since that, for a user, it seems more and more efficient to receive all the records.Thus far, PIR can be achieved using mutually distrustful databases replicated databases, trusted hardware, or cryptographic systems.We focus on computational private information retrieval, and specifically on thus based on cryptographic systems.This decision is contingent to the spread of cryptographic systems based on lattices who provide specific properties.To demonstrate it usability, we offer an efficient and easy-to-use private Information retrieval based on homomorphic encryption
Paindavoine, Marie. "Méthodes de calculs sur les données chiffrées." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1009/document.
Full textNowadays, encryption and services issued of ``big data" are at odds. Indeed, encryption is about protecting users privacy, while big data is about analyzing users data. Being increasingly concerned about security, users tend to encrypt their sensitive data that are subject to be accessed by other parties, including service providers. This hinders the execution of services requiring some kind of computation on users data, which makes users under obligation to choose between these services or their private life. We address this challenge in this thesis by following two directions.In the first part of this thesis, we study fully homomorphic encryption that makes possible to perform arbitrary computation on encrypted data. However, this kind of encryption is still inefficient, and this is due in part to the frequent execution of a costly procedure throughout evaluation, namely the bootstrapping. Thus, efficiency is inversely proportional to the number of bootstrappings needed to evaluate functions on encrypted data. In this thesis, we prove that finding such a minimum is NP-complete. In addition, we design a new method that efficiently finds a good approximation of it. In the second part, we design schemes that allow a precise functionality. The first one is verifiable deduplication on encrypted data, which allows a server to be sure that it keeps only one copy of each file uploaded, even if the files are encrypted, resulting in an optimization of the storage resources. The second one is intrusion detection over encrypted traffic. Current encryption techniques blinds intrusion detection services, putting the final user at risks. Our results permit to reconcile users' right to privacy and their need of keeping their network clear of all intrusion
Migliore, Vincent. "Cybersécurite matérielle et conception de composants dédiés au calcul homomorphe." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS456/document.
Full textThe emergence of internet and the improvement of communica- tion infrastructures have considerably increased the information flow around the world. This development has come with the emergence of new needs and new expectations from consumers. Communicate with family or colleagues, store documents or multimedia files, using innovative services which processes our personal data, all of this im- plies sharing with third parties some potentially sensitive data. If third parties are untrusted, they can manipulate without our agreement data we share with them. In this context, homomorphic encryption can be a good solution. Ho- momorphic encryption can hide to the third parties the data they are processing. However, at this point, homomorphic encryption is still complex. To process a few bits of clear data (cleartext), one needs to manage a few million bits of encrypted data (ciphertext). Thus, a computation which is usually simple becomes very costly in terms of computation time. In this work, we have improved the practicability of homomorphic en- cryption by implementing a specific accelerator. We have followed a software/hardware co-design approach with the help of Karatsuba algorithm. In particular, our approach is compatible with batching, a technique that “packs" several messages into one ciphertext. Our work demonstrates that the batching can be implemented at no important additional cost compared to non-batching approaches, and allows both reducing computation time (operations are processed in parallel) and the ciphertext/cleartext ratio
Chen, Yuanmi. "Réduction de réseau et sécurité concrète du chiffrement complètement homomorphe." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077242.
Full textThe popularity of lattice-based cryptography has significantly increased in the past few years with the discovery of new spectacular functionalities such as fully-homomorphic encryption and (indistinguishability) obfuscation. It has become crucial to be able to analyze the concrete security of lattice-based cryptosystems, in order to select their parameters and to assess their practical performances. In a first part, we present a theoretical analysis and concrete improvements to the so-called BKZ reduction, which is considered tô be the most efficient lattice reduction algorithm in practice for high dimensions. We begin by studying the main subroutine of BKZ, enumeration, and we extend the analysis of pruned enumeration by Gama, Nguyen and Regev (EUROCRYPT 2010). Next, we improve the BKZ algorithm by using several techniques, such as pruned enumeration, pre-processing and abort. And we discuss how to select BKZ parameters efficiently. Based on numerous experiments, we present a simulation algorithm to predict the output quality of BKZ reduction. This allows us to revise the security estimates of numerous lattice-based cryptosystems, and explain how to solve SVP by enumeration as efficiently as possible, based on the state-of-the-art. In a second part, we present a new algorithm for the approximate greatest common divisor problem, using a time/memory trade-off. This provides a better concrete attack on the fully-homomorphic encryption scheme proposed by Coron, Mandal, Naccache and Tibouchi (CRYPTO 2011). It also has other applications in cryptanalysis
Chinthamani, Dwarakanath Nagarjun. "Theoretical and practical contributions to homomorphic encryption." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG103.
Full textIn conventional encryption schemes, the primary aim of the scheme is to ensure confidentiality of the data. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), a variant first realized by Gentry, is an encryption scheme which also allows for computation over the encrypted data, without ever needing to decrypt it. Using this, any untrusted third party with the relevant key material can perform homomorphic computations, leading to many applications where an untrusted party can still be allowed to compute over encryptions of sensitive data (cloud computing), or where the trust needs to be decentralized (multi-party computation).This thesis consists of two main contributions to Fully Homomorphic Encryption. In the first part, we take an FHE based on Fermat numbers and extend it to work with multi-bit numbers. We also add the ability to homomorphically evaluate small functions, with which we can compute additions and multiplication with only a few bootstrappings, and these can be used as building blocks for larger computations. Some newer results on sub-Gaussian random variables are adapted to give a better error analysis.One of the obstacles in bringing FHE to the mainstream remains its large computational complexity, and optimized architectures to accelerate FHE computations on reconfigurable hardware have been proposed. The second part of our thesis proposes an architecture for the polynomial arithmetic used in FV-like cryptosystems. This can be used to compute the sum and product of ring polynomials, using a pair of NTT algorithms which avoids the use of bit reversal, and subsumes the need for multiplication by weight vectors. For the cost of storing twiddle factors in a ROM, we avoid twiddle updates leading to a much smaller cycle count
Méaux, Pierrick. "Hybrid fully homomorphic framework." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE066/document.
Full textFully homomorphic encryption, firstly built in 2009, is a very powerful kind of encryption, allowing to compute any function on encrypted data, and to get an encrypted version of the result. Such encryption enables to securely delegate data to a cloud, ask for computations, recover the result, while keeping private the data during the whole process. However, today’s inefficiency of fully homomorphic encryption, and its inadequateness to the outsourcing computation context, makes its use alone insufficient for this application. Both of these issues can be circumvented, using fully homomorphic encryption in a larger framework, by combining it with a symmetric encryption scheme. This combination gives a hybrid fully homomorphic framework, designed towards efficient outsourcing computation, providing both security and privacy. In this thesis, we contribute to the study of hybridfully homomorphic framework, through the analysis, and the design of symmetric primitives making efficient this hybrid construction. Through the examination of fully homomorphic encryption schemes, we develop tools to efficiently use the homomorphic properties in a more complex framework. By investigating various symmetric encryption schemes, and buildingblocks up to the circuit level, we determine good candidates for a hybrid context. Through evaluating the security of constructions optimizing the homomorphic evaluation, we contribute to a wide study within the cryptographic Boolean functions area. More particularly, we introduce a new family of symmetric encryption schemes, with a new design, adapted to the hybrid fully homomorphic framework. We then investigate its behavior relatively to homomorphic evaluation, and we address the security of such design. Finally, particularities of this family of ciphers motivate specific cryptanalyses, therefore we develop and analyze new cryptographic Boolean criteria
Chillotti, Ilaria. "Vers l'efficacité et la sécurité du chiffrement homomorphe et du cloud computing." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV020.
Full textFully homomorphic encryption is a new branch of cryptology, allowing to perform computations on encrypted data, without having to decrypt them. The main interest of homomorphic encryption schemes is the large number of practical applications for which they can be used. Examples are given by electronic voting, computations on sensitive data, such as medical or financial data, cloud computing, etc..The first fully homomorphic encryption scheme has been proposed in 2009 by Gentry. He introduced a new technique, called bootstrapping, used to reduce the noise in ciphertexts: in fact, in all the proposed homomorphic encryption schemes, the ciphertexts contain a small amount of noise, which is necessary for security reasons. If we perform computations on noisy ciphertexts, the noise increases and, after a certain number of operations, the noise becomes to large and it could compromise the correctness of the final result, if not controlled.Bootstrapping is then fundamental to construct fully homomorphic encryption schemes, but it is very costly in terms of both memory and time consuming.After Gentry’s breakthrough, the presented schemes had the goal to propose new constructions and to improve bootstrapping, in order to make homomorphic encryption practical. One of the most known schemes is GSW, proposed by Gentry, Sahai et Waters in 2013. The security of GSW is based on the LWE (learning with errors) problem, which is considered hard in practice. The most rapid bootstrapping on a GSW-based scheme has been presented by Ducas and Micciancio in 2015. In this thesis, we propose a new variant of the scheme proposed by Ducas and Micciancio, that we call TFHE.The TFHE scheme improves previous results, by performing a faster bootstrapping (in the range of a few milliseconds) and by using smaller bootstrapping keys, for the same security level. TFHE uses TLWE and TGSW ciphertexts (both scalar and ring): the acceleration of bootstrapping is mainly due to the replacement of the internal GSW product, used in the majority of previous constructions, with an external product between TLWE and TGSW.Two kinds of bootstrapping are presented. The first one, called gate bootstrapping, is performed after the evaluation of a homomorphic gate (binary or Mux); the second one, called circuit bootstrapping, can be executed after the evaluation of a larger number of homomorphic operations, in order to refresh the result or to make it compatible with the following computations.In this thesis, we also propose new techniques to improve homomorphic computations without bootstrapping and new packing techniques. In particular, we present a vertical packing, that can be used to efficiently evaluate look-up tables, we propose an evaluation via weighted deterministic automata, and we present a homomorphic counter, called TBSR, that can be used to evaluate arithmetic functions.During the thesis, the TFHE scheme has been implemented and it is available in open source.The thesis contains also ancillary works. The first one concerns the study of the first model of post-quantum electronic voting based on fully homomorphic encryption, the second one analyzes the security of homomorphic encryption in a practical cloud implementation scenario, and the third one opens up about a different solution for secure computing, multi-party computation
Bonnoron, Guillaume. "A journey towards practical fully homomorphic encryption." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0073/document.
Full textCraig Gentry presented in 2009 the first fully homomorphic encryption scheme. Since then, a tremendous effort has been, and still is, dedicated by the cryptographic community to make practical this new kind of cryptography. It is revolutionnary because it enables direct computation on encrypted data (without the need for the computing entity to decrypt them). Several trends have been developed in parallel, exploring on one side fully homomorphic encryption schemes, more versatile for applications but more costly in terms of time and memory. On the other side, the somewhat homomorphic encryption schemes are less flexible but more efficient. This thesis, achieved within the Chair of Naval Cyber Defence, contributes to these trends. We have endorsed different roles. First, an attacker position to assess the hardness of the security assumptions of the proposals. Then, we conducted a state-of-the-art of the most promising schemes in order to identify the best(s) depending on the use-cases and to give precise advice to appropriately set the parameters that drive security level, ciphertext sizes and computation costs. Last, we endorsed a designer role. We proposed a new powerful fully homomorphic encryption scheme together with its open-source implementation, available on github
Belhadj, Djedjiga. "Multi-GAT semi-supervisé pour l’extraction d’informations et son adaptation au chiffrement homomorphe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0023.
Full textThis thesis is being carried out as part of the BPI DeepTech project, in collaboration with the company Fair&Smart, primarily looking after the protection of personal data in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation (RGPD). In this context, we have proposed a deep neural model for extracting information in semi-structured administrative documents (SSDs). Due to the lack of public training datasets, we have proposed an artificial generator of SSDs that can generate several classes of documents with a wide variation in content and layout. Documents are generated using random variables to manage content and layout, while respecting constraints aimed at ensuring their similarity to real documents. Metrics were introduced to evaluate the content and layout diversity of the generated SSDs. The results of the evaluation have shown that the generated datasets for three SSD types (payslips, receipts and invoices) present a high diversity level, thus avoiding overfitting when training the information extraction systems. Based on the specific format of SSDs, consisting specifically of word pairs (keywords-information) located in spatially close neighborhoods, the document is modeled as a graph where nodes represent words and edges, neighborhood connections. The graph is fed into a multi-layer graph attention network (Multi-GAT). The latter applies the multi-head attention mechanism to learn the importance of each word's neighbors in order to better classify it. A first version of this model was used in supervised mode and obtained an F1 score of 96% on two generated invoice and payslip datasets, and 89% on a real receipt dataset (SROIE). We then enriched the multi-GAT with multimodal embedding of word-level information (textual, visual and positional), and combined it with a variational graph auto-encoder (VGAE). This model operates in semi-supervised mode, being able to learn on both labeled and unlabeled data simultaneously. To further optimize the graph node classification, we have proposed a semi-VGAE whose encoder shares its first layers with the multi-GAT classifier. This is also reinforced by the proposal of a VGAE loss function managed by the classification loss. Using a small unlabeled dataset, we were able to improve the F1 score obtained on a generated invoice dataset by over 3%. Intended to operate in a protected environment, we have adapted the architecture of the model to suit its homomorphic encryption. We studied a method of dimensionality reduction of the Multi-GAT model. We then proposed a polynomial approximation approach for the non-linear functions in the model. To reduce the dimensionality of the model, we proposed a multimodal feature fusion method that requires few additional parameters and reduces the dimensions of the model while improving its performance. For the encryption adaptation, we studied low-degree polynomial approximations of nonlinear functions, using knowledge distillation and fine-tuning techniques to better adapt the model to the new approximations. We were able to minimize the approximation loss by around 3% on two invoice datasets as well as one payslip dataset and by 5% on SROIE