Journal articles: 'Chicory roots'

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OSVALD, Jože, and Dragan ŽNIDARČIČ. "The effects of root diameter on the yield components of forced chicory (Chicorium intybus L.)." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 79, no. 1 (May 15, 2002): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2002.79.1.15651.

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The objectiv of this study was to determine wheather the root diameter had an effect on the yield components of forced chicory. The roots of cv. Goriški were divided into four diameters: 10, 20, 30 and 40 mm. Overall results have cleraly demonstrated a high correlation between the root diameter and most of the yield parameters. An increase in root diameter resulted in a significant increase in the total weight, as well as in the net weight of chicons. Net weight of yield varied from 4.20 g per chicon at 10 mm to 72.75 g per chicon at 40 mm. The thickness of the roots had no remarkeble influence on discarded yield of chicons. Root productivity gradually decreased in proportion to root diameter, except at minimum ones. Most of the morphological features of chicons were improved with diameter thickness. In the end it has been verified that marketable yield of forced chicory per unit area, was independent of the root diameter, except at the smallest size.

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Häkkinen, Suvi T., Katarina Cankar, Liisa Nohynek, Jeroen van Arkel, Markus Laurel, Kirsi-Marja Oksman-Caldentey, and Bart Van Droogenbroeck. "Cichorium intybus L. Hairy Roots as a Platform for Antimicrobial Activity." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16020140.

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Industrial chicory is an important crop for its high dietary fibre content. Besides inulin, chicory taproots contain interesting secondary metabolite compounds, which possess bioactive properties. Hairy roots are differentiated plant cell cultures that have shown to be feasible biotechnological hosts for the production of several plant-derived molecules. In this study, hairy roots of industrial chicory cultivars were established, and their potential as a source of antimicrobial ingredients was assessed. It was shown that hot water extracts of hairy roots possessed antimicrobial activity against relevant human microbes, whereas corresponding chicory taproots did not show activity. Remarkably, a significant antimicrobial activity of hot water extracts of chicory hairy roots towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was observed, indicating a high potential of hairy roots as a host for production of antimicrobial agents.

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Puhlmann, Marie-Luise, and Willem M. de Vos. "Back to the Roots: Revisiting the Use of the Fiber-Rich Cichorium intybusL. Taproots." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 4 (March 21, 2020): 878–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa025.

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ABSTRACT Fibers are increasingly recognized as an indispensable part of our diet and vital for maintaining health. Notably, complex mixtures of fibers have been found to improve metabolic health. Following an analysis of the fiber content of plant-based products, we found the taproot of the chicory plant (Cichorium intybusL.) to be 1 of the vegetables with the highest fiber content, comprising nearly 90% of its dry weight. Chicory roots consist of a mixture of inulin, pectin, and (hemi-)cellulose and also contain complex phytochemicals, such as sesquiterpene lactones that have been characterized in detail. Nowaday, chicory roots are mainly applied as a source for the extraction of inulin, which is used as prebiotic fiber and food ingredient. Chicory roots, however, have long been consumed as a vegetable by humans. The whole root has been used for thousands of years for nutritional, medicinal, and other purposes, and it is still used in traditional dishes in various parts of the world. Here, we summarize the composition of chicory roots to explain their historic success in the human diet. We revisit the intake of chicory roots by humans and describe the different types of use along with their various methods of preparation. Hereby, we focus on the whole root in its complex, natural form, as well as in relation to its constituents, and discuss aspects regarding legal regulation and the safety of chicory root extracts for human consumption. Finally, we provide an overview of the current and future applications of chicory roots and their contribution to a fiber-rich diet.

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Aziz, Fitua Minuar. "Cichorium intybus Roots Extract: A New Culture Medium for Cultivation of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium graminearum and Candida albicans." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v14i2.141.

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For the first time globally, the studying of using hot water extract of Cichorium intybus (chicory) as a new culture medium for fungi and yeast growth was done .It used for cultivation of: Aspergillus niger ,Aspergillus terreus,Fusarium graminearum and Candidaalbicans.The present study clearly showes the possibility of using the chicory roots extract agar medium as a new culture medium for molds and yeasts. The results showed avariation in the growth of fungi on chicory roots extracts agar medium compared with potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) in colony growth diameter mean ,colony color, sporulation and producing of different color dyes.The sporulation for Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus was heavy on chicory roots extract agar medium compared with PDA medium.In addition,the prepared medium will be usefull for fungal toxomony,for Aspergillus terreus and Fusariun graminearum, dark yellow pigment of Aspergillus terreus on chicory medium while it was yellow pigment on PDA. Fusarium gramiearum produce purple color pigment on chicory medium while it was pink pigment on PDA,also chicory medium was good medium for cultivation of Candida albicans without producing pigments.

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Tan, Zhi Yi, and Kenneth A. Corey. "Technique for Improving Marketable Yield and Quality of Hydroponically Forced Witloof Chicory." HortScience 25, no. 11 (November 1990): 1396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.11.1396.

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A method was developed to improve the yield and quality of chicons of witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) forced hydroponically from roots taken following long-term storage. The method combines the use of a resilient material (polyurethane foam) with the application of pressure to the developing chicons. At the start of forcing, weights of 0, 150, 300, 450, and 900 g/root were applied to the crown and maintained until harvest. Marketable yields and density of chicons of the late-forcing cultivar Faro increased with increasing weight applied. Increasing weight also significantly decreased the length: diameter ratio of chicons, an indicator of quality. Increased marketable yield and improved quality of `Bea' (intermediate to late-forcing cultivar) chicons were achieved with application of 450 g/root. The technique provides a tool for improving economic yields of late-season, hydroponically forced witloof chicory.

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Juśkiewicz, Jerzy, Zenon Zduńczyk, Ewa Żary-Sikorska, Bogusław Król, Joanna Milala, and Adam Jurgoński. "Effect of the dietary polyphenolic fraction of chicory root, peel, seed and leaf extracts on caecal fermentation and blood parameters in rats fed diets containing prebiotic fructans." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 5 (December 7, 2010): 710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510004344.

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The aim of this 28 d experiment was to examine the physiological response of growing rats to a dietary combination of prebiotic chicory fructans, with polyphenols originating from different parts of the chicory plant, i.e. roots, root peels, seeds and leaves. A total of forty rats were assigned to groups fed the following diets characterised by a similar content of oligofructose and inulin: control, with 10 % of a root extract (a low level of dietary polyphenols, 0·05 %), with 6·5 % of a root peel extract (a medium level of dietary polyphenols, 0·107 %), with a combination of 8 % of a peel extract and 0·8 % of a seed extract (a high level of dietary polyphenols, 0·208 %) and with 2·5 % of a leaf extract (a medium level of dietary polyphenols, 0·106 %, with chicoric acid constituting half of them). Chicory seeds are the richest source of polyphenols, especially abundant in dicaffeoylquinic acids. When applied as a dietary supplement, the mixture of monocaffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acids, from the extracts made of roots, root peels and seeds, elicited more favourable changes in parameters of the antioxidative status of the body and in the activity of bacterial β-glucuronidase in the faeces and caecal digesta. In turn, the extract from chicory leaves, containing considerable quantities of chicoric acid and polyphenolic glycosides, apart from chlorogenic acids, also triggered desirable changes in the lipid profile of the blood serum. The high concentration of polyphenols in the extracts examined enables their application as dietary supplements to be administered in low doses.

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Mitich, Larry W. "Chicory." Weed Technology 7, no. 1 (March 1993): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037283.

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Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. # CICIN), succory, blueweed, coffee-weed, blue sailors, bunk, or blue daisy, is familiar to many of us as an erect weed along roadsides or in fields, displaying small, startlingly bright blue flowers. Others of us may only have tasted its roots—roasted and ground into a bittersweet coffee substitute or additive: an essential component of the New Orleans brew served blacker than a hundred midnights in a cypress swamp. Along with its close relative endive (Cichorium endivia L.), chicory also has an important place in the salads of Europe and, increasingly, the United States. Both chicory and endive were indispensable in ancient and medieval herbal pharmacies and are still used medicinally today.

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Cwalina-Ambroziak, Bożena, Jadwiga Wierzbowska, and Bożena Bogucka. "The effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and macronutrient concentrations in root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. Sativus Bisch) and the health status of plants." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 21, no. 5 (October 28, 2022): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.8.

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The effect of N fertilization on the health status of chicory plants, yield and the content of dry matter and macronutrients in chicory roots was determined in the study. Three root chicory cultivars, Polanowicka, Orchies and Chrysolite, were grown in a plot experiment. Three levels of topsoil N fertilization were applied before sowing: 0, 80 and 120 kg ha–1. The severity of leaf diseases was estimated during the growing season. Root yield, agronomic and marginal N-use efficiency, DM content and macronutrient concentrations in roots were calculated after harvest (10–20 October). The symptoms of powdery mildew, gray mold and leaf spot on chicory leaves were significantly least severe in the unfertilized treatment. The highest yield (83 Mg ha–1) was obtained in 2017, in cv. Chrysolite without N fertilization. Root yield decreased in response to the application of N fertilizer at both rates. A minor increase in yield was observed only in cv. Polanowicka in N-fertilized treatments in 2017, and in cv. Chrysolite fertilized with 80 kg N ha–1 in 2018. Root yield was negatively correlated with disease severity during the growing season. The DM content of chicory roots (mean values for years of the study, cultivars and N rates) was similar in all treatments. N fertilization induced changes in the content of N, K, Mg and S in chicory roots of the analyzed cultivars. The application of N fertilizer had a beneficial influence on the N content of roots in all cultivars.

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Hansen, L. L., H. Mejer, S. M. Thamsborg, D. V. Byrne, A. Roepstorff, A. H. Karlsson, J. Hansen-Møller, M. T. Jensen, and M. Tuomola. "Influence of chicory roots (Cichorium intybusL)on boar taint in entire male and female pigs." Animal Science 82, no. 3 (June 2006): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc200648.

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AbstractBoar taint is an off-flavour of pork caused primarily by a microbial breakdown product, skatole and a testicular steroid, androstenone. As skatole is produced in the large intestine from tryptophan, it is possible that some ‘bioactive’ ingredients could modify protein fermentation and, in the process, diminish boar taint. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of inulin-rich chicory roots (Cichorium intybusL.) on boar taint. In the first of three trials individually penned, entire males and females were given an organic concentrate in which 0·25 of the daily energy intake was replaced with crude chicory roots for 9 or 4 weeks prior to slaughter. In the second trial, entire male pigs were given diets that included, either crude chicory roots, dried chicory roots, or inulin (extracted from chicory roots) for 6 weeks pre-slaughter. In the third trial, intact male pigs were given the dried chicory diet for either 2 or 1 week before slaughter. In all trials the chicory diets were offered on a scale at 0·95 of the Danish recommendation for energy intake, and pig performance was compared with a control group given the organic concentrate at 0·95 of recommended energy intake plus silage ad libitum. In trial 1 an additional control group was offered the organic concentrate at a daily energy intake level of 1·0 of Danish recommendations. The pigs in trials 1, 2, and 3 were slaughtered at an average live weight of 118, 124, and 110 kg, respectively, in order to ensure that they had achieved sexual maturity. Overall, skatole concentrations in blood plasma and backfat at slaughter were reduced to almost zero levels by including crude or dried chicory or inulin in the diet. This occurred irrespective of sex and length of feeding period (1 to 9 weeks). In trial 3 a significant effect on blood plasma concentration was observed after 3 days of feeding a diet containing dried chicory. The only significant reduction in plasma androstenone levels was detected in pigs given the crude chicory for a 9 week duration in trial 1. The production and proportion of lean was generally not affected by the addition of either form of chicory to the diets in trials 1 and 2. Therefore, dried chicory may be the most suitable form for commercial use because it: had no initial adverse effects on food intake, consistently reduced skatole without reducing performance, was easy to handle throughout the entire year and is relatively inexpensive.

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Başaran, Uğur, Erdem Gülümser, Cennet Yaman, Medine Çopur Doğrusöz, and Hanife Mut. "Antioxidants and Mineral Contents of Chicory as Coffee Additive." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 24, 2021): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i1.217-223.3859.

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In this study, roots of Turkish origin wild chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) genotypes were investigated for total flavonoid and phenolic contents, radical cation scavenging activity (ABTS), Free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), and radical, mineral content. These characteristics were also compared with other coffee varieties. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents ranged between 0.290-4.350 mg QE/g dry weight (DW) and 0.943-13.860 mg GAE/g DW. The DPPH was listed here from high to low value: raw coffee beans = roasted coffee beans > roasted fruits of turpentine tree > instant coffee = roots of chicory. The content of P, Ca, Mg, Zn, B, Cr, Co and Mo ranged between 0.71-2.78%, 0.25-0.46%, 7.29-20.66, 4.44-11.07, 0.40-1.67, 0.49-5.48 and 5.69-14.46 ppm, respectively. As a result, chicory roots exhibited low antioxidant activity, but higher mineral content compared to the other tested coffee varieties which indicates that chicory could be used a coffee additive.

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Rasmussen, Camilla Ruø, Kristian Thorup-Kristensen, and Dorte Bodin Dresbøll. "Uptake of subsoil water below 2 m fails to alleviate drought response in deep-rooted Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." Plant and Soil 446, no. 1-2 (November 21, 2019): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04349-7.

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Abstract Aims Deep-rooted agricultural crops can potentially utilize deep soil moisture to reduce periods where growth is water limited. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a deep-rooted species, but the benefits of deep roots to water uptake has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of deep roots (>2 m) under topsoil water limitation. Methods Chicory grown in 4 m deep soil-filled rhizotrons was exposed to either topsoil drought or resource competition from the shallow-rooted species ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and black medic (Medicago lupulina L.). The effect on deep water uptake was assessed using non-destructive measurements of roots, soil water and tracers. Results Water uptake occurred below 1.7 m depth in 2016, and below 2.3 m depth in 2017 and contributed significantly to chicory water use. However, neither surface soil drying nor intercropping increased deep water uptake to relieve water deficit in the shoots. Conclusion Chicory benefits from deep-roots during drought events, as it acceses deep soil moisture unavailable to more shallow rooted species, yet deep water uptake was unable to compensate for the reduced topsoil water uptake due to soil drying or crop competition.

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Sinkovic, Lovro, Janez Hribar, Rajko Vidrih, Zarko Ilin, and Dragan Znidarcic. "Fatty acid composition of leaves of forced chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 2 (2015): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs141105026s.

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The objective of the present study was to determine the composition of fatty acids in leaves of nine chicory cultivars (Cichorium intybus L.). The growing practice followed the traditional forcing method of developed roots in a peat to obtain new etiolated vegetative apical buds, known as chicons. The fatty acid content was determined by the extraction of fatty acid methyl esters and analysis by means of gas chromatography. The analysis revealed the following ratios of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 of individual fatty acids. The total fatty acid content in forced chicory leaves ranged from 104 to 644 mg/100 g fresh weight. The highest relative content (64%) is presented by ?-linolenic acid, followed by linoleic (44%) and palmitic (21%). An n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio of studied forced chicory is below 1.4 and thus, in accordance with the recommended dietary ratio that is close to 1.

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Corey, K. A., and Zhi Yi Tan. "INCREASED YIELDS AND ETHYLENE PRODUCTION OF MECHANICALLY STRESSED WITLOOF CHICORY." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1106e—1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1106e.

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Yields and quality of witloof chicory are often low when roots are forced following several months storage or when forced at high temperatures. A technique was developed to improve the yield and quality of the chicons forced hydroponically and a method developed to determine the rates of respiration and ethylene production during the application of the technique. The technique involves the use of a resilient material (polyurethane) combined with the application of pressure to the developing chicons. Marketable yields and density of `Faro' and `Bea' chicons increased with increasing pressure applied. Increasing pressure also resulted in a significant decrease in the length to diameter ratio of chicons, an indicator of improved quality. Mechanical pressure resulted in a 3 to 4 fold greater increase in ethylene production than the control. Respiration rate increased to about twice that of the control after 10 days forcing and thereafter declined slightly. The technique provides a tool for improving economic yields of hydroponically forced witloof chicory. A possible physiological explanation for the technique is provided.

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Van Beek, Teris A., Paul Maas, Bonnie M. King, Edith Leclercq, Alphons G. J. Voragen, and Aede De Groot. "Bitter sesquiterpene lactones from chicory roots." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38, no. 4 (April 1990): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00094a026.

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Barlianto, Handy, and Hans Gerhard Maier. "Acids in chicory roots and malt." Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 198, no. 3 (March 1994): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01192598.

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Barlianto, Handy, and Hans Gerhard Maier. "Acids in chicory roots and malt." Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 201, no. 4 (July 1995): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01192736.

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Barlianto, Handy, and Hans Gerhard Maier. "Acids in chicory roots and malt." Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 200, no. 4 (July 1995): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01187518.

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MacDermott, Jomo, D. L. Coffey, C. A. Mullins, and R. A. Straw. "WITLOOF CHICORY EVALUATIONS IN TENNESSEE." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 522a—522. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.522a.

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Production of witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus) roots for chicons or for inulin is typically a northern U. S. or European enterprise. Although chicons (Belgian endive) command a high market price, nearly all are imported from Europe. If appropriate cultivars and optimum summer growing conditions can be identified, Tennessee's mild winters may permit relatively low cost forcing techniques. Studies with these objectives were initiated in 1992 at two locations using six cultivars, two planting dates and two within row plant densities. Root yields varied from 13 to 40 Mg·ha-1 between locations and among cultivars. Incidence of bolting was greater than 50% for the earliest maturing cultivar, `Daliva', but less than 5% for the late maturing cultivar, `Rinof', at the warmer experimental site (Knoxville, elev. 251m). No bolting of any cultivar occurred at the cooler experimental site (Crossville, elev. 549m). Data on yield and quality of forced chicons and nitrate content of edible leaf tissue will be presented.

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Ripoll, Christophe, Barbara M. Schmidt, Nebojsa Ilic, Alexander Poulev, Moul Dey, Anvar G. Kurmukov, and Ilya Raskin. "Anti-inflammatory Effects of a Sesquiterpene Lactone Extract from Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Roots." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 7 (July 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200702.

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A chicory root extract rich in sesquiterpene lactones significantly reduced inflammation in two animal models. In a rat paw edema model, chicory extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced inflammation by 58 and 76%, respectively, 24 h after carrageenan injection. In a mouse collagen induced arthritis model, chicory extract (200 mg/kg) reduced paw edema by 71% while the extract was being administered, and 31% 48 h after extract administration was discontinued. Two possible modes of action were investigated, pro-inflammatory gene expression and nitric oxide production by LPS-elicited macrophages. Chicory root extract down-regulated COX-2, TNF-α, IL1β, and iNOS expression and reduced nitric oxide production in a dose dependant manner. Several compounds were isolated from the chicory extract and tested in vitro to confirm activity. Dihydrolactucopicrin and 8-deoxylactucin showed particularly high nitric oxide inhibitory activity (IC50 = 13 μM for both). Dihydrolactucopicrin also was shown to down-regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression. These data demonstrate that chicory extracts rich in sesquiterpene lactones have potent anti-inflammatory activity with potential therapeutic use.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Synbiotic Effect of Probiotic ( Bifidobacterium sp ) and Prebiotics (Chicory and Inulin ) aganist some pathogenic bacteria." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 2 (June 7, 2009): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.2.354-360.

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The Antimicrobial activity of Probiotic Bifidobacterium sp and Prebiotics : chicory roots ( Hot water extract ) and Inulin ( 10 % ) against some Pathogenic bacteria (Esherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis , Klebsiella sp , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Serratia marcescens was studied . The combination of Probiotic and Prebiotics (Synbiotic) (Bifidobacterium sp + chicory ) and (Bifidobacterium sp + Inulin ) also tested for their antimicrobial activity against Pathogenic bacteria . Results showed that Bifidobacterium sp had good antimicrobial activity against all the Pathogenic bacteria tested , followed by chicory and inulin . The synergistic inhibitory effect of Synbiotic (Bifidobacterium sp + chicory ) and ( Bifidobacterium sp + inulin ) on Pathogenic bacteria was higher than the effect of Bifidobacterium sp alone, chicory alone and inulin alone.

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SOCACI (IGNAT), Maria Valentina, Elena MUDURA, Teodora Emilia COLDEA, and Liana SALANTA. "THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L. ROOTS IN LIVER DISEASES, DIABETES AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA." Hop and Medicinal Plants 27, no. 1-2 (December 25, 2019): 76–86. https://doi.org/10.15835/hpm.v27i1-2.13587.

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Ancient Egyptians used Cichorium intybus L. in the management of cardiovascular diseases and as a therapeutic aid in enhancing hepatic functions. Even during the Napoleonic age, chicory was popular as a coffee substitute and England used it as the main Camp Coffee ingredient. This study focuses on highlighting the medicinal properties displayed by Cichorium intybus L. root extracts in cases of liver disorders, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, affections which are spread all-over the globe. A few examples of functional products containing chicory root were also presented. After reviewing several in vitro and in vivo studies on chicory root extracts, it is concluded that over the last years an increasing number of researchers suggest that chicory root extracts are hepatoprotective, increase satiety, reverse insulin resistance, and enhance lipid metabolism containing cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and polysaccharides. Among other therapeutic properties, chicory root extracts have shown gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antidiabetic attributes. There are many possible ways of using Cichorium intybus L. root extracts in order to obtain functional products with a positive impact on one’s health status. Moreover, functional foods containing chicory-root extracts are already on the market and the ease of consumption added to the increased interest for such products encourages the development of further therapeutic alternatives meant to aid in the management of liver diseases, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.

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Fernández Suarez, Kalyanne. "In Vitro Propagation of A Cuban Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Strain." Environmental Sciences and Ecology: Current Research (ESECR 3, no. 5 (June 10, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/esecr/1063.

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In vitro root cultivation techniques based on modified root systems are often used in studies on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). It is a simplified but powerful tool to investigate AMF root colonization and development of the extraradical mycelium. The aim of this study was to establish and characterize the in vitro culture of a Cuban strain of Rhizophagus irregularis (INCAM 11) by using transformed chicory roots. For that, superficially disinfected propagules of R. irregularis were co-culture with the hairy transformed chicory roots on Modified Strullu and Romand (MSR) medium during five months. Spore germination was observed 3-5 days after surface disinfection. The first contact between AMF hyphae and roots occurred 1-3 days after germination and a significant production of extensive extraradical mycelium was observed. New spore formation started within 21-25 days. After 5 months, 2000 spores could be observed per plate which were able to germinate, colonize, establish and reproduce again spores when associated to young transformed roots of chicory. The most frequent associated microorganism to the in vitro culture of INCAM 11 was isolated and identified as Paenibacillus sp.

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Mavrina, P. O., and E. L. Malankina. "Phenolic compounds of cultivated chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-3-55-57.

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Common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is widely known in traditional medicine of many countries, but in official medicine its use is limited as a part of biologically active additives. Despite the available information about pharmacological activity of leaf extracts, their use as a medicinal herbal raw material is almost not considered. The purpose of the work is to study the accumulation dynamics of phenolic compounds (PC) in the leaves of cultivated chicory to optimize the time of harvesting the above-ground mass. The article presents data on the accumulation dynamics of PC in the leaves of two varieties of cultivated chicory, and also compares the obtained data with similars of wild-growing chicory.Results. It was noted that the content of phenolic compounds in the leaves of cultivated chicory is 1,5-2 times higher in comparison with the raw materials of wild plants. The studied varieties differ in the content of PC by 8% in average. It has been established that the main phenolic compounds in the leaves of cultivated chicory are chicoric, chlorogenic and cafftaric acids; their total content in the obtained extracts is 55 %. It was noted that the period of maximum accumulation of PC in leaves falls on the end of september – beginning of october. The established chemical composition, a higher content of phenolic compounds compared to wild plants, as well as the coincidence of the maximum accumulation of PC in the leaves with the approximate date of harvesting chicory roots allows us to consider its cultivation in culture as a promising direction with the aim of the integrated use of the obtained raw materials for both food and pharmaceutical industry.

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Lee, Julia M., Elena M. K. Minnee, and Cameron E. F. Clark. "Patterns in non-structural carbohydrate and nitrogen reserves in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) during regrowth in summer." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 10 (2015): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15122.

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Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) are capable of producing a large amount of high quality feed during summer. Like many species, grazing management decisions influence their dry matter (DM) production. One of the factors implicated in the grazing-management effect on yield of other forages are plant non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) or nitrogen (N) reserves. The aim of this experiment was to characterise the patterns of NSC and N reserve depletion and replenishment for chicory and plantain during a 35-day regrowth cycle in summer, and investigate the impact of residual height on NSC and N reserves. In chicory roots, the NSC concentration tended (P = 0.09) to decline for 7 days post-defoliation before replenishment began and pre-defoliation concentrations were attained by Day 21 of regrowth (310 growing degree-days; GDD). Similarly, the amount of NSC in plantain roots declined for 14 days post-defoliation (P < 0.001), increasing again from Day 21 and with full replenishment to pre-defoliation levels by Day 35 of regrowth (532 GDD). The two residual heights tested (30 and 60 mm) had minimal impact on NSC reserves during regrowth in either chicory or plantain, likely because the majority of NSC reserves are stored in the roots rather than the stubble. In other plant species, a failure to replenish NSC reserves before the next defoliation is one factor associated with reduced DM production. This also appears to be the case with chicory and plantain, with reductions in DM production occurring if swards are defoliated during NSC mobilisation or the early stages of replenishment (i.e. before 21 days of regrowth or 310 GDD in chicory and 35 days of regrowth or 532 GDD in plantain).

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Aziz, Fitua Minuar. "Alternative Culture Medium for Bacterial Growth Using Chicory Roots Extract." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v14i1.124.

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This is the first study to test the using of hot water extract of Cichorium intybus(chicory) of roots as alternative medium for Bacterial growth.The tested bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Acinetobacter spp.The results showed heavy growth of all tested bacteria after incubation at 37oC for 24hrs.In conclusion, Cichorium intybus (chicory) roots medium is a good source of nutrients, in both solid and liquid media, due to it contains of proteins, fructoligosaccharide (inulin) and elements and can used as alternative medium.

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Vasseur, Jacques, René Lefebvre, and Enoch Backoula. "Sur la variabilité de la capacité rhizogène d'explantats racinaires de Cichorium intybus (var. Witloof) cultivés in vitro : influence de la dimension des explantats initiaux et de la durée de conservation des racines au froid." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-035.

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On Cichorium intybus root explants of different size, it is possible to demonstrate the existence of a relation between the volume/surface ratio and adventitious root formation capacities. With a volume/surface ratio equal to one, the highest number of adventitious roots and percentage of explants able to produce roots have been observed. When this ratio deviates from unity, adventitious root formation declines. Cold storage of chicory roots causes breakdown of fructosans and accumulation of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. At the same time, adventitious root formation on explants cultured in vitro decreases. Inclusion of glucose in culture media increases adventitious root production whatever the duration of chicory root cold storage may have been. Results are discussed and the hypothesis of a regulation of adventitious roots by sucrose and reducing sugars is advanced.

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Vyutnova, O. M., T. Yu Polyanina, and I. A. Novikova. "Perspective sample of root chicory." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-159.

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Relevance. One of the types of agricultural raw materials for the food industry is the root chicory, the product from the roots of which is produced in pure form, as well as is an important component in the production of tea and coffee drinks, confectionery. Its value is determined by the content in the roots of inulin, fructose, intibin and chicory. Despite the great economic importance and economic profitability of chicory cultivation, in recent years, the local processing industry is not provided with this type of raw material and is forced to buy the product from dried root crops in other countries, such as Ukraine, Italy and India. Modern agricultural production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, combining high yields and chemical and technological qualities, having the form of a root crop suitable for mechanized harvesting, and adapted to cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone. Purpose of work: to assess the nature of the impact of ultraviolet radiation in the time mode on watermelon seeds using cytogenetic analysis.Material and methods. The article describes the results of the test in the control nursery of a new sample of chicory root with 0428 selection of Rostov OSC.Results. As a result of breeding work, a promising sample of root chicory. It was isolated early maturing, with high yields and economically valuable properties, root crop truncated, suitable for mechanized harvesting by commercially available machines.

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Vyutnova, O. M., T. Yu Polyanina, and I. A. Novikova. "Perspective sample of root chicory." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-159-161.

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Relevance. One of the types of agricultural raw materials for the food industry is the root chicory, the product from the roots of which is produced in pure form, as well as is an important component in the production of tea and coffee drinks, confectionery. Its value is determined by the content in the roots of inulin, fructose, intibin and chicory. Despite the great economic importance and economic profitability of chicory cultivation, in recent years, the local processing industry is not provided with this type of raw material and is forced to buy the product from dried root crops in other countries, such as Ukraine, Italy and India. Modern agricultural production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, combining high yields and chemical and technological qualities, having the form of a root crop suitable for mechanized harvesting, and adapted to cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone. Purpose of work: to assess the nature of the impact of ultraviolet radiation in the time mode on watermelon seeds using cytogenetic analysis.Material and methods. The article describes the results of the test in the control nursery of a new sample of chicory root with 0428 selection of Rostov OSC.Results. As a result of breeding work, a promising sample of root chicory. It was isolated early maturing, with high yields and economically valuable properties, root crop truncated, suitable for mechanized harvesting by commercially available machines.

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Stökle, Katrin, and Andrea Kruse. "Extraction of sugars from forced chicory roots." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 9, no. 4 (January 23, 2019): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00374-9.

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Kozachenko, Oleksiy, Hanna Tsyon, and Halyna Gerasimchuk. "Kinematic analysis of the movement of the active knife cutter of chicory roots." Scientific journal of the Ternopil national technical university 1, no. 113 (2024): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/visnyk_tntu2024.01.081.

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Chicory roots are a valuable technical and strategically important crop for the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The processing of raw materials from chicory roots allows to obtain energy (biofuel), food (coffee) and pharmaceutical (inulin) products. The low level of mechanization of harvesting root crops and, especially, harvesting both chicory and chicory root crops (significant losses, damage) does not allow to provide the needs of raw materials for its processing, or the necessary provision of the food industry of the Ukrainian economy and the fodder base of animal husbandry due to an increase in the amount of use root crops of chicory. One of the reserves for improving the performance of machines for harvesting chicory root crops is the improvement of the technological process of harvesting ginseng through the use of improved main working organs – a rotary ginseng cutter and a cutter of ginseng residues from the heads of root crops. The purpose of the work is to increase the indicators of the technological process of harvesting chicory root crops by developing and substantiating the parameters of the cutter's working organs. On the basis of the conducted theoretical analysis of the process of movement of the active cutter knife along the head of the root crop, analytical dependencies were developed that functionally describe the process of movement of the active cutter knife along the root crop head, which made it possible to substantiate the main structural and kinematic parameters of the active cutter knife. It has been established that the working length of the active knife of the cutter of the remains of burdock from the heads of root crops is in the range from 0.25 to 0.3 m, provided that the maximum permissible deviation of the vertical axis of the root crop from the axis of the row at the speed of movement of the burdock harvesting module is from 1.6 to 2.2 m /s and the speed of movement of the cutting edge of the blade of the active knife in the range from 0.3 to 0.8 m/s.

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Begeulov, M. Sh, S. A. Maslovskiy, A. V. Kornev, and S. D. Ribina. "The use of chicory root crops processing products in bakery." Khleboproducty 30, no. 1 (2021): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32462/0235-2508-2021-30-1-36-39.

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The possibility of using chicory roots processing products in bakery has been established in order to expand the range of bakery products and improve their quality. The efficiency of using crushed dried root crops of chicory and crushed dried cake from them in an amount of up to 5 % and by weight of wheat flour has been proven.

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Zarroug, Youkabed Ouederni, Aydi Abdelkarim, Sfayhi Terras Dorra, Ghaith Hamdaoui, Mouldi EL Felah, and Mnasser Hassouna. "Biochemical Characterization of Tunisian Cichorium Intybus L. Roots and Optimization of Ultrasonic Inulin Extraction." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 1 (November 4, 2016): 674–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc61/01611042220-zarroug.

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In this study Cichorium intybus L. roots were tested for its chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and phenolic profile. Optimization of ultrasonic inulin extraction using response surface methodology (RSM) was further investigated. Chicory roots were found to have high value of total carbohydrates (70.43%), soluble fiber (66.93), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (33.07%), potassium (380 mg/100g), calcium (540 mg/100g) and sodium (140 mg/100g). Chicory roots exhibit a high content of flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins. Antioxidant activity measurement reveals the capacity of Chicory roots to scavenge diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Phenolic acids profile shows the abundance of vanillic acid (19.64%) followed by protocatechuic acid (15.67%). The effect of three independent variables namely extraction time, the ratio of water to raw material and temperature on inulin extraction was studied. Optimum deciding responses were Inulin content, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) content and Water produced inulin yield. The optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions were: extraction time 87 min, liquid to solid ratio 38 (ml/g) and ultrasonic temperature 61°C. Under these conditions, the inulin content, TSS content and produced inulin yield were 35.92%, 24.72%, and 32.53%, respectively. The produced inulin was characterized by the Fourier infrared transformation (FTIR) and observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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Jensen, M. T., and L. L. Hansen. "Feeding with chicory roots reduces the amount of odorous compounds in colon and rectal contents of pigs." Animal Science 82, no. 3 (June 2006): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc200649.

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AbstractSixteen pigs (eight entire males and eight females) were given individually two diets, control and control added 25% chopped chicory roots for 2 months before slaughter. Samples were taken from the contents in colon and rectum and subjected to GC-MS analysis for amount of odour impact compounds. The compounds 2-pentanone, ethylbutyrate, propylpropionate, butyric acid, ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, p-cresol, indole and skatole showed a significant difference between the two treatments. The esters, which have relatively pleasant, often fruity odours, increased in the chicory treatment, whereas the malodorous compounds, p-cresol, indole and skatole decreased in the chicory treatment. The measured amounts of compounds were corrected for their odour thresholds as different compounds can have widely different odour thresholds. Principal components analysis was then used to analyse the raw and corrected data results. p-Cresol was the most malodorous compound and together with skatole and indole count as the most malodorous compounds in the colon and rectum cotents. However, butyric acid also had some minor influence. Feeding chicory roots decreased significantly the concentrations of these malodorous compounds, especially if the lowest odour threshold values are used as correction factors.

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Vyutnova, O. M., and T. U. Polyanina. "GENETIC SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT ROTS CYCORY FROM DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-6-94-96.

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The main type of root chicory diseases are root rot of root crops. In unfavorable years, they affect up to 40-50% of root crops, which are culled from the test weight and are not paid for when the crop is delivered to the processing enterprises. The most common lesions of the roots of chicory various pathogenic species of fungi: Phoma rostrupii Sacc., Botrytis cinerea (P.) Fr. J, Erwiria carotovora (Jones) Holt. Production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, resistant to root rot both during the growing season and during long-term storage. To develop transgenic varieties among the many varieties to allocate genetic sources of this feature below in further breeding work to fix him in generations. The article presents the data on the study of the defeat of root crops of root chicory varieties of different ecological and geographical origin of different types of root rot in the collection nursery (including the provocative background) for 2015-2017 in the NonChernozem zone of the Russian Federation in the Rostov region of the Yaroslavl oblast. The best resistance to root rot were varieties Luxor (Holland) and Harpachi (Hungary), the roots of which did not have signs of root rot, varieties Petrovsky (Russia), Wixor (Holland) and Sleszka (Czech Republic) were weakly affected (less than 2%). During the long winter storage, the best on this basis, proven varieties Harpachi (Hungary), Spicak (Czech Republic) and Luxor (the Netherlands), which had been preserved. These varieties can serve as a source of resistance to root rot and can be involved in the selection process as a donor of this feature.

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Kabirnataj, Sara, Ghorbanali Nematzadeh, Jafar Zolala, and Ahmad Farhad Talebi. "High-efficient transgenic hairy roots induction in chicory: re-dawn of a traditional herb." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 107, no. 2 (October 26, 2016): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.06.

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Plant roots can be manipulated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes to stimulate the production of heterologous proteins for pharmaceutical applications as green cell-factories. During the present study, four bacterial strains (A4, ATCC15834, ATCC11325 and A13) in combination with three co-cultivation media (MS, B5, LS) were examined to establish an efficient and reliable transformation system for chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) using A. rhizogenes. The maximum chicory hairy roots induction was achieved using A13 strain. The observation confirmed that MS medium was more effective on hairy root growth. Dried biomass accumulation of hairy roots infected by A13 strain was 1.10 g l-1 in MS medium which was significantly higher than those grown in LS and B5 medium (0.88 and 0.72 g l-1, respectively). Beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was introduced by A13 strain carrying the pCAMBIA1304 binary vector. The results showed that the highest frequency of transformation (63.15 %) was achieved using A13 strain and MS cultivation medium. Detection of GUS and hptII genes by PCR and GUS histochemical localization confirmed the integrative transformation in hairy roots. In conclusion, the whole process was successfully optimized as a pre-step to manipulate the chicory hairy root cells to improve the unique potential of secondary metabolite production.

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Vargas, M., C. Loyola, N. Zapata, V. Rivera, G. Secor, M. Bolton, and A. France. "First Report of Root Rot of Chicory Caused by Phytophthora cryptogea in Chile." Plant Disease 96, no. 4 (April 2012): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-11-0245.

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Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var sativum Bisch.), a relatively new high-value crop in Chile, was introduced for commercial production of inulin. Inulins are polysaccharides extracted from chicory tap roots that are used in processed foods because of their beneficial gastrointestinal properties. Approximately 3,000 ha of chicory are grown for local processing in the BioBio Region near Chillan in south central Chile. Recently, a severe rot of 1 to 3% of mature roots in the field and after harvest has been observed in most fields, which caused yield and quality losses. Typical symptoms include a brown discoloration and a soft, watery decay of the root. Tissue pieces from symptomatic roots were placed on water agar and clarified V8 juice agar medium amended with antibiotics (1) for isolation of the causal pathogen. A Phytopthora sp. had been consistently isolated from root lesions, and axenic cultures were obtained using single-hypha transfers. The species was provisionally identified as Phytopthora cryptogea (Pethybridge and Lafferty, 1919) on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics (1). Mycelia grew between 5 and 30°C with optimal growth at 20 to 25°C and no growth at 35°C. All isolates produced hyphal swellings and nonpapillate, persistent, internally proliferating, and ovoid to obpyriform sporangia with mean dimensions of 45 × 31 μm in sterile soil extract. The isolates were of A1 mating type because they produced oospores only when paired with reference isolates of P. cinnamomi A2 on clarified V8 juice agar amended with thiamine, tryptophan, and β-sitosterol (1) after 20 days at 20°C in the dark. On the basis of morphological and sequence data from cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 2, internal transcribed spacer 2, and β-tubulin (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ037796 to JQ037798, respectively), the pathogen was identified as P. cryptogea. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using three isolates of P. cryptogea by placing a 7-mm-diameter disk from a 1-week-old V8 agar culture on 10 wounded and nonwounded healthy chicory roots (2). Control roots were mock inoculated with agar plugs. The inoculated roots were incubated at 20°C in a moist chamber. Root rot symptoms, identical to those observed both in field and storage, developed after 4 to 6 days only on wounded sites inoculated with the pathogen, and P. cryptogea was reisolated from these inoculated plants. Mock-inoculated roots remained healthy. This experiment was completed twice and similar results were obtained. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Phytophthora root rot of chicory caused by P. cryptogea in Chile. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1996. (2) M. E. Stanghellini and W. C. Kronland. Plant Dis. 66:262, 1982.

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Park, J. P., and J. W. Yun. "Utilization of chicory roots for microbial endoinulinase production." Letters in Applied Microbiology 33, no. 3 (September 16, 2001): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00977.x.

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Neefs, V., S. Leuridan, N. Van Stallen, M. De Meulemeester, and M. P. De Proft. "Frost sensitiveness of chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.)." Scientia Horticulturae 86, no. 3 (November 2000): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4238(00)00150-3.

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Verboven, P., M. L. Hoang, M. Baelmans, and B. M. Nicolaı̈. "Airflow through Beds of Apples and Chicory Roots." Biosystems Engineering 88, no. 1 (May 2004): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.02.002.

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Vuylsteker, Christophe, Brigitte Huss, and Serge Rambour. "Nitrate reductase activity in chicory roots following excision." Journal of Experimental Botany 48, no. 1 (1997): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.1.59.

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41

Pidgurskyi, Mykola, Halina Gerasymchuk, and Maria Pankiv. "Theoretical studies of the technological process of harvesting chicory root crops." Scientific journal of the Ternopil national technical university 111, no. 3 (2023): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/visnyk_tntu2023.03.139.

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The decrease in the production of chicory root crops, which are valuable raw materials for the production of various products, is restrained by the low level of mechanization of their harvesting processes and unsatisfactory indicators of losses and contamination by impurity components. The purpose of the work: reduction of the second supply of impurities during the collection of chicory roots due to the development and analysis of analytical dependencies that functionally describe the process of collection of chicory roots by the working bodies of a combined single-disc digger. Based on the analysis of graphical dependencies, it was established that: the second supply of general impurities varies from 5 to 18 kg/s; second supply of loose soil – in the range from 4 to 15 kg/s; second supply of vegetable additives - from 0.06 to 0.1 kg/s. The obtained mathematical models are the initial dependencies for further substantiation of the parameters and modes of operation of the transport and cleaning working bodies of the root-harvesting machines.

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Liu, Haoyu, Emma Ivarsson, Johan Dicksved, Torbjörn Lundh, and Jan Erik Lindberg. "Inclusion of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in Pigs' Diets Affects the Intestinal Microenvironment and the Gut Microbiota." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 12 (April 6, 2012): 4102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07702-11.

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ABSTRACTThe content and composition of prebiotic plant fiber in the diet is important in promoting gut-related health. This study investigated the effects of the dietary inclusion of chicory forage and roots on the intestinal microenvironment of pigs. Thirty-seven-week-old pigs were fed 1 of 5 diets for 18 days, including a cereal-based control diet and 4 diets with the inclusion of 80 and 160 g kg−1of body weight chicory forage (CF80 and CF160), 80 g kg−1chicory root (CR80), and a mix of 80 g kg−1forage and 80 g kg−1chicory root (CFR). The animals maintained good performance and health irrespective of diet. Bacterial community structure and diversity in ileal and colonic samples was assessed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), combined with cloning and sequencing. Samples clustered perfectly according to gut segment with a higher bacterial diversity in colon than ileum. Distal ileum was dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and the relative amount of this group was increased by the CF160 and CFR diets. The colonic bacterial community was dominated by butyrate-producing bacteria andPrevotella. The increased relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the colon was positively correlated with the molar proportion of acetic acid and furthermore linked to the chicory forage diets (CF80 and CF160). Diets including chicory roots (CR80 and CFR) were correlated with a higher colonic abundance ofMegasphaera elsdenii. The fermentation products and pH in digesta responded to diet type and were correlated with shifts in the microbiota, showing that chicory influences the intestinal microenvironment of pigs.

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Baixinho, João P., José D. Anastácio, Viktoriya Ivasiv, Katarina Cankar, Dirk Bosch, Regina Menezes, Matthew de Roode, Cláudia Nunes dos Santos, Ana A. Matias, and Naiara Fernández. "Supercritical CO2 Extraction as a Tool to Isolate Anti-Inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Cichorium intybus L. Roots." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092583.

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Cichorium intybus L. or chicory plants are a natural source of health-promoting compounds in the form of supplements such as inulin, as well as other bioactive compounds such as sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). After inulin extraction, chicory roots are considered waste, with most SLs not being harnessed. We developed and optimized a new strategy for SL extraction that can contribute to the conversion of chicory root waste into valuable products to be used in human health-promoting applications. In our work, rich fractions of SLs were recovered from chicory roots using supercritical CO2. A response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters (pressure, temperature, flow rate, and co-solvent percentage) for the extraction performance. The best operating conditions were achieved at 350 bar, 40 °C, and 10% EtOH as a co-solvent in a 15 g/min flow rate for 120 min. The extraction with supercritical CO2 revealed to be more selective for the SLs than the conventional solid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. In our work, 1.68% mass and a 0.09% sesquiterpenes yield extraction were obtained, including the recovery of two sesquiterpene lactones (8-deoxylactucin and 11β,13-dihydro-8-deoxylactucin), which, to the best of our knowledge, are not commercially available. A mixture of the abovementioned compounds were tested at different concentrations for their toxic profile and anti-inflammatory potential towards a human calcineurin/NFAT orthologue pathway in a yeast model, the calcineurin/Crz1 pathway. The SFE extract obtained, rich in SLs, yielded results of inhibition of 61.74 ± 6.87% with 50 µg/mL, and the purified fraction containing 8-deoxylactucin and 11β,13-dihydro-8-deoxylactucin inhibited the activation of the reporter gene up to 53.38 ± 3.9% at 10 µg/mL. The potential activity of the purified fraction was also validated by the ability to inhibit Crz1 nuclear translocation and accumulation. These results reveal a possible exploitable green technology to recover potential anti-inflammatory compounds from chicory roots waste after inulin extraction.

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Janda, Katarzyna, Izabela Gutowska, Małgorzata Geszke-Moritz, and Karolina Jakubczyk. "The Common Cichory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a Source of Extracts with Health-Promoting Properties—A Review." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061814.

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Natural products are gaining more interest recently, much of which focuses on those derived from medicinal plants. The common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), of the Astraceae family, is a prime example of this trend. It has been proven to be a feasible source of biologically relevant elements (K, Fe, Ca), vitamins (A, B1, B2, C) as well as bioactive compounds (inulin, sesquiterpene lactones, coumarin derivatives, cichoric acid, phenolic acids), which exert potent pro-health effects on the human organism. It displays choleretic and digestion-promoting, as well as appetite-increasing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action, all owing to its varied phytochemical composition. Hence, chicory is used most often to treat gastrointestinal disorders. Chicory was among the plants with potential against SARS-CoV-2, too. To this and other ends, roots, herb, flowers and leaves are used. Apart from its phytochemical applications, chicory is also used in gastronomy as a coffee substitute, food or drink additive. The aim of this paper is to present, in the light of the recent literature, the chemical composition and properties of chicory.

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Petronilho, Sílvia, Joana Navega, Carla Pereira, Adelaide Almeida, João Siopa, Fernando M. Nunes, Manuel A. Coimbra, and Cláudia P. Passos. "Bioactive Properties of Instant Chicory Melanoidins and Their Relevance as Health Promoting Food Ingredients." Foods 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010134.

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Instant chicory is a caffeine-free brew worldwide consumed as a coffee substitute. Like coffee grounds processing, chicory roots suffer a roasting process, which may lead to the formation of high-molecular weight nitrogen-brown compounds, the melanoidins. It is hypothesized that similarly to coffee, chicory melanoidins have health promoting potential. In this work, the chemical composition and biological activity of chicory high molecular weight material (HMWM) was evaluated. The chicory HMWM is composed by 28.9% (w/w) of carbohydrates, mainly fructose-rich polysaccharides (18.7% w/w) and 5.7% (w/w) of protein, distinct from coffee. The phenolic compounds constituent of the HMWM were mainly present in glycosidically linked and condensed structures (0.9 g/100 g and 5.8 g/100 g), showing in vitro ABTS•+ scavenging (IC50 = 0.28 mg/mL) and ferric ion reducing capacity (ca. 11 µg Fe2+ eq/mg). Chicory HMWM revealed to be effective against Gram-positive bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, although not so efficient as coffee. It also showed potential to inhibit α-glucosidase activity (15% of inhibition), higher than coffee HMWM, approaching acarbose activity that is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Thus, chicory melanoidins, when used as a food ingredient, may contribute to an antioxidant diet and to prevent diabetes, while increasing the protective effects against pathogenic bacteria.

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Boyko, Volodymyr. "Experimental studies of pruning the haulm of chicory root tops." Scientific journal of the Ternopil national technical university 112, no. 4 (2023): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/visnyk_tntu2023.04.041.

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Chicory roots are a valuable technical and strategically important crop for the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The processing of raw materials from chicory roots allows to obtain energy (biofuel), food (coffee) and pharmaceutical (inulin) products. The low level of mechanization of harvesting chicory root crops (significant losses, damage) does not allow to meet the needs of raw materials for its processing. The purpose of the study is to increase the quality indicators of the cutting of burdock from the heads of root crops by substantiating the rational parameters of the working organs of the improved trimmer. According to the results of field experimental studies, regression equations were obtained that describe the functional change in the number of chicory root crops that have fallen from the ground and the number of damaged root crops depending on the speed of the copier, the stiffness coefficient of the spring of the vertical thrust of the copier and the angle of installation of the copier relative to the horizon. The following values of the rational parameters of the trimmer were obtained: speed of movement of the trimmer 1.6...1.8 m/s; the weight of the moving parts of the cutter is 6...7 kg; the angle of installation of the copier relative to the horizontal plane is 30...35 degrees, the stiffness coefficient of the spring of the copier's vertical thrust cup is up to 45 N/m.

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Mavrina, P. O., O. L. Saybel, and E. L. Malankina. "Possibilities of using leaves cultivated chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a medicinal plant material (review)." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 4, 2021): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-4-105-110.

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Common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is widely known as a food plant. However, in folk medicine in many countries, the roots and leaves of chicory are used as a choleretic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic agent. In this regard, a promising direction of research is a detailed study of the biological characteristics and chemical composition of this plant in order to substantiate its use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The article presents an analysis of the available information on the botanical classification and biological characteristics, agricultural technology, chemical composition and the use of the aerial part of the cultivated common chicory in scientific and folk medicine. Possible resources for collecting chicory leaves are wild-growing populations, as well as varieties of root chicory, which is grown in Russia as an industrial crop. Under natural conditions, chicory occupies disturbed habitats characterized by low soil fertility, pollution with heavy metals, and increased competition with other ruderal plants. While in the conditions of culture, the best agroecological conditions for growing plants are provided, accelerating their development and contributing to accumulation of biologically active substances in greater quantities, compared with wild ones. In this regard, a promising direction of research is to study the influence of various factors (illumination, temperature, weather conditions, agrotechnical measures, varietal characteristics, growth regulators) on the content, qualitative composition and dynamics of the accumulation of biologically active compounds in the leaves of cultivated common chicory.

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TRUKHANSKA, Olena, and Maksym HADAICHUK. "ANALYSIS OF DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FUNCTIONING OF CHICORY ROOT DIGGERS." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 4 (127) (December 24, 2024): 30–37. https://doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2024-4-3.

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An analysis of the design features and technological processes of the functioning of working bodies intended for digging chicory root crops is given. Based on the identification of structural models of digging working bodies, a classification of root crop diggers was developed according to the accepted systematization criteria. Among many types of industrial crops, including root crops, only root chicory ensures the production of strategic raw materials from which, in the process of its processing, the raw product of processing inulin is obtained, from which an important medicinal product - insulin is subsequently produced. The existing technical means of harvesting chicory roots do not provide the necessary indicators of the quality of digging root crops according to the agrotechnical requirements for root harvesting machines. At the same time, the average rate of loss of root crops is 3.5...7.5%, depending on the harvesting conditions, and damage to chicory roots exceeds 2.5...3.5 times the value of the index of agrotechnical requirements. The characteristic structural and technological shortcomings of the main existing types of excavating working bodies are analyzed. The main trends in the development of disc diggers and directions for improvement of combined digging systems of chicory root crops using a spherical disc are substantiated. The reduction of losses of root crops and their damage is ensured by the use of a combined single-disk spherical digger, which combines a spherical disk and a loosener placed behind it and in the area of its action, installed on the riser of the disk. The obtained research results are a partial addition to the existing method of further calculation and substantiation of the rational parameters of the spherical disc and the technological parameters of the working processes of root harvesting machines.

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Leclercq, E., and G. J. Hageman. "Release of inulin by enzymatic liquefaction of chicory roots." Food Chemistry 18, no. 2 (January 1985): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(85)90136-0.

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Ricca, E., S. Curcio, V. Calabro, and G. Iorio. "Inulin Extraction from Chicory Roots: Transport Phenomena and Optimization." Journal of Biotechnology 150 (November 2010): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.319.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chicory roots'

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