To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Chickens.
Journal articles on the topic 'Chickens'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Chickens.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Feng, Ze-Qing, Ting Lian, Yong Huang, Qing Zhu, and Yi-Ping Liu. "Expression Pattern of Genes of RLR-Mediated Antiviral Pathway in Different-Breed Chicken Response to Marek’s Disease Virus Infection." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/419256.
Full textAbstract:
It has been known that the chicken’s resistance to disease was affected by chicken’s genetic background. And RLR-mediated antiviral pathway plays an important role in detection of viral RNA. However, little is known about the interaction of genetic background with RLR-mediated antiviral pathway in chicken against MDV infection. In this study, we adopted economic line-AA broilers and native Erlang mountainous chickens for being infected with MDV. Upon infection with MDV, the expression ofMDA-5was upregulated in two-breed chickens at 4, 7, and 21 d.p.i. It is indicated that MDA-5 might be involved in detecting MDV in chicken. Interestingly, the expression ofIRF-3andIFN-βgenes was decreased in spleen and thymus of broilers at 21 d.p.i, but it was upregulated in immune tissues of Erlang mountainous chickens. And the genome load of MDV in spleen of broiler is significantly higher than that in Erlang mountainous chickens. Meanwhile, we observed that the death of broiler mainly also occurred in this phase. Collectively, these present results demonstrated that the expression patters ofIRF-3andIFN-βgenes in chicken against MDV infection might be affected by the genetic background which sequently influence the resistance of chicken response to MDV.
2
Rowiyanti, Wa Ode, Junaedi, and Suparman. "Pertumbuhan bobot badan ayam hasil persilangan ayam Kampung dengan ayam Bangkok." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Peternakan 3, no. 1 (January 29, 2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31605/jstp.v3i1.1300.
Full textAbstract:
Efforts that can be made to improve the performance of native chickens are by crossing them with Bangkok chickens. This study aims to determine the growth of body weight from cross-breeding between Kampung chicken and Bangkok chicken. As many as 30 male chicks from a cross between Kampung and Bangkok chickens were used in this study. The crosses used are rooster chicks. The weight of DOC chickens from Bangkok male and Kampung female was 35.22 ± 0.96 grams. There was a significant increase in growth in chickens from crosses between Kampung male and Bangkok female starting at the age of 5 weeks to 8 weeks of age, reaching a body weight of 729.39±39.10 grams. The conclusion of this study was that the growth of Kampung male crossed with Bangkok female can increase the body weight growth of their offspring. A significant increase in performance in crosses between Kampung and Bangkok chickens occurred from 5 weeks of age to 8 weeks of age.
3
Tunsisa, Legesse, and Sunkurta Digesa. "Egg Quality Parameters Evaluation of Indigenous and Sasso Chicken in Sidama Region, Ethiopia." Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 4, no. 02 (March 1, 2024): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.002.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted at Aleta Wondo district of Sidama Region to evaluate quality parameters of eggs collected from indigenous and Sasso chickens reared under a traditional management system. About 100 eggs from each chicken type were collected from households who keep indigenous or Sasso chicken. Eggs were transported to Hawassa university poultry farm for quality parameters analysis. External and internal egg quality analysis was done according to laboratory procedure. Collected data was analyzed using SAS (Version 9.0). Results indicated that eggs collected from Sasso chicken showed superiority over indigenous chicken’s eggs for egg weight, egg length, egg width, shell weight, shell thickness and surface area. There is no significant difference on shape index and shell percentage of eggs collected from indigenous and Sasso chickens. Shape index recorded was 72.66 and 74.04 for indigenous and Sasso chickens respectively. Albumen weight was statistically higher for eggs collected from Sasso chickens (P<0.0001). Eggs from indigenous chickens have superiority over Sasso’s eggs for yolk ratio, Haugh Unit and yolk albumen ratio. However, there is no significant variation on albumen height, yolk weight, yolk height, yolk color, yolk diameter and yolk index. It can be concluded that Sasso chicken produce heavier eggs than indigenous chicken. Yolk related parameters are similar for indigenous and Sasso chicken eggs produced at traditional management system.
4
Kristianti, S., C. Vivienne, S. Andela, and E. Rukmini. "Lactobacillus Substitution as a Chicken Antibiotic Growth Promotor: A Systematic Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1116, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012041.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Antibiotic usage in chickens can help to prevent disease and increase their growth rate. However, many farmers ignore the doses and the withdrawal time of antibiotics usage for chickens so that it can cause antibiotic residue in chicken meat. This antibiotic residue can cause health problems, so it is necessary to take action to reduce or find other alternatives for antibiotic usage in chickens. Therefore, our research objective was to summarize the records of tetracycline residue in broiler chickens. In addition, this research also identifies the effect of Lactobacillus usage as an antibiotic replacement. This research was a systematic review. The systematic review intended to synthesize in detail the information about natural ingredients for antibiotic substitutes and their effect on chicken’s growth from Google scholar, Science Direct, and Pub Med with the keywords “Tetracycline effect,” “Probiotics antibiotic,” “Lactobacillus antibiotics,” “Chicken antibiotics,” “Tetracycline residue” and “Chicken growth.” The results obtained from this systematic literature review were that the residual levels found in chicken samples from Indonesia and Egypt ranged from 0.7 to 61.05 mg/kg. In addition, the addition of Lactobacillus had a positive effect on the weight of chickens, namely the addition of 23.3 to 1421.67 g. This study concluded that the residual levels of tetracycline in chickens exceed the safe consumption limits set by the Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI). The usage of Lactobacillus was common as feed additives.
5
Janovie, Arria, Rusdi Rusdi, and Atin Supiyani. "Uji Efektivitas Vaksin Flu Burung Subtipe H5N1 pada Ayam Kampung di Legok, Tangerang, Banten." BIOMA 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bioma10(2).6.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Avian Flu Vaccine Subtype H5N1 on native chicken. There were several inclusion criteria to selected the chicks. The criteria were just native chicken in Legok, at least 8 weeks old and never been had previous vaccine program. Total of 20 chickens were used as samples. All chicken was split in two cages, cage A contained 10 chickens were treated with vaccine and cage B contained 10 chickens as a control. Then 0.5 mL of vaccine administered intramuscularly in the chicken breast. The effectiveness of vaccination determined by measuring antibody titers before and 3 weeks after vaccination program. Measurement of antibody titers obtained by HI (Hemagglutination Inhibition) test method. Result showed that antibody titers of native chicken increased after vaccination program. There were 70% of samples that have been vaccinated could be protected against the virus. Three chickens as a control had positive titers prior to vaccination with a range of 21 - 22.
Key Word : test of effectiveness, homologue killed vaccine, antibody titers.
6
Ngogo, Grace E., Fadhili S. Guni, and Athumani S. Nguluma. "Management Systems and Productivity of Indigenous Chickens in Busokelo District, Mbeya Region, Tanzania." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 5, no. 1 (February 7, 2023): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.1.629.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted in Busokelo district, Mbeya region to assess the management systems and productivity of indigenous chickens under village management conditions. A total of 90 respondents from three purposively selected wards were involved in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and data collected included household characteristics and those related to chicken management practices including selection, housing, feeding, culling practices, marketing of chickens, diseases, and health care practices. Other information collected was the productive and reproductive traits of chickens. Data was entered into excel and analysis was carried out using SAS software [1]. The average chicken flock size was 29.88 with the flock dominated by chicks and few cocks. The majority of farmers were raising the chicken in scavenging (55.6%) and semi-intensive (40%) systems. More than half of the respondents reported practicing supplementation, providing drinking water, housing, and treating birds when they are sick. The average age at sexual maturity for male and female chickens was 6.93 and 7.24 months respectively. Clutch size per hen, hatchability, survivability, and annual egg production per hen per year was 14.4 eggs, 83.71%, 55.64%, and 46.6 eggs respectively. Indigenous chicken production in Busokelo district is largely practiced in small-scale semi-intensive and free-range systems with a reasonably good rate of adoption of good management practices such as supplementation, provision of housing, drinking water, and healthcare. The productive and reproductive performance of the chicken is within the range reported for most other indigenous chickens in Africa. However, chick mortality was observed to be very high due to diseases and predation. Improvement in management of chickens, especially young chicks is recommended to increase flock size and reduce loss due to high mortality.
7
Sutriyono, Sutriyono, Bieng Brata, and Dadang Suherman. "DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL POULTRY, BURGO CHICKEN TO IMPROVE FOOD SECURITY IN BENGKULU." Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 7, no. 2 (April 11, 2023): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2023.007.02.39.
Full textAbstract:
<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p>This study aims to evaluate the production, population, and develop scenarios for the development of burgo chicken. The research was conducted for 3 months in Bengkulu Tengah, Bengkulu Province. Thirty-eight respondents were selected by the snowball sampling method used in this study. Data obtained through interview. filling out questionnaires, and observing; covering the identity of respondents, rearing management, production, and population; then a population development scenario is prepared. Research result, the purpose of raising chickens for food production, business, hunting chickens, and ornamental chickens. Chickens are housed during the day and night, released during the day and night, and a combination. Egg production 6-12 eggs/hen/period, an average of 8.64 eggs/hen/period; egg laying period 2-6 times/year, average 3.14. Total egg production per year is 2946, incubated is 90.98%, egg hatchability is 80.17%; and produced 2148 chicks. The population of burgo chickens was 357 (hens 29.97%, roosters 25.21%, chicks 29.41%, and young chickens 15.41%). The highest selling value of burgo chicken is IDR 800000 (decorated chicken) and the lowest is IDR 50000. In conclusion, burgo chicken has high productivity and selling value which is able to support food security through the provision of animal food and people's purchasing power increases, and population development is slow due to poor management. Recommendations, population development by multiplying hens, improving rearing and hatchery management, increasing egg laying period, reducing mortality, and preventing predators.</p><p> </p>
8
Haryo, Albiruni, Ivana Aginta Br Ginting, and Dyah Ayu Oktavianie. "Macroscopic and Microscopic Identification in Native Chicken (Gallus domesticus) Organ with Helminthiasis." Jurnal Medik Veteriner 4, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol4.iss1.2021.160-164.
Full textAbstract:
The native chickens collected from the Blimbing Malang Market were found with a state of lethargy and diarrhea. Native chickens were dissected to find out pathological abnormalities that occurred in the chicken's body by carrying out physical examinations and histopathological examinations. Based on the results of observations and examinations carried out both macroscopically and microscopically after necropsy chickens, the organs of chickens that have pathological abnormalities are the duodenum, jejunum and pulmo. The duodenum and jejunum had nematode infestations which showed villi erosion, hemorrhage, liquefactive necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Pulmo had hemorrhagic parabronchii, atelectasis of blood capillaries, cloudy swelling, and congestion of blood vessels. The visible abnormality of the small intestine organ damage leads to chicken disease to nematode worm infestation.
9
Berchieri, A., and P. A. Barrow. "Further studies on the inhibition of colonization of the chicken alimentary tract withSalmonella typhimuriumby pre–colonization with an avirulent mutant." Epidemiology and Infection 104, no. 3 (June 1990): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800047440.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYOral administration to newly hatched chickens or to chicks up to 5 days of age with an avirulent, rough, spectinomycin–resistant mutant ofSalmonella typhimuriumstrain F98 inhibited the colonization of a nalidixic acid–resistant mutant of the same strain administered by the same route 1 day later. The second strain passed rapidly through the alimentary tract and persisted in the caeca of only a few chickens. Resistance to colonization did not develop until 24 h after inoculation of the first strain but was still evident if the second strain was inoculated up to 7 days later. Resistance occurred in 5 different breeds of chicken and in chickens reared on 5 different diets. Protection was evident against a very high challenge dose and could be produced by the introduction of small numbers of the first strain. Pre–colonization of chicks with the first strain of F98 reduced faecal excretion of the second strain over many weeks, whether chickens were challenged directly or by contact with other infected chickens. The rough strain F98 produced protection against only a few S.typhimuriumstrains and not against other serotypes. However, strains of S.infantisandS. heidelberg, chosen because they colonized the chicken alimentary tract better than did F98, produced inhibition of a wider range of serotypes.
10
Puspita, Utin Elsya, Hendry T. S. S. G. Saragih, Tety Hartatik, and Budi Setiadi Daryono. "Body Weight Gain and Carcass Quality of the Hybrid Chicken Derived from the Crossing between Female F1 Kampung Super and Male F1 Kampung-Broiler." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 60934. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.60934.
Full textAbstract:
This research was conducted to observe the body weight gain and carcass quality of the hybrid chicken derived from the crossing between female F1 Kampung Super and male F1 Kampung-Broiler. The weekly weight gain for seven weeks and carcass quality, including breast yield, protein content, lipid content, moisture, and pH were measured with each group consists of six individuals. The chickens were slaughtered for meat quality measurements on the 7th week. The results showed that the hybrid chickens’ weight at the 7th week (888.22±139.63) was higher than layer (467.06±85.7) and pelung (436.39±42.33). The hybrid chicken’s breast yield (3.20%) was significantly higher than pelung’s (1.66%). These characteristics of hybrid chicken breast muscle lead to the conclusion that hybrid chicken is a potential alternative meat-type chicken with local chicken meat characteristics and has relatively fast growth.
11
Rychlik, Ivan. "Composition and Function of Chicken Gut Microbiota." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010103.
Full textAbstract:
Studies analyzing the composition of gut microbiota are quite common at present, mainly due to the rapid development of DNA sequencing technologies within the last decade. This is valid also for chickens and their gut microbiota. However, chickens represent a specific model for host–microbiota interactions since contact between parents and offspring has been completely interrupted in domesticated chickens. Nearly all studies describe microbiota of chicks from hatcheries and these chickens are considered as references and controls. In reality, such chickens represent an extreme experimental group since control chicks should be, by nature, hatched in nests in contact with the parent hen. Not properly realising this fact and utilising only 16S rRNA sequencing results means that many conclusions are of questionable biological relevance. The specifics of chicken-related gut microbiota are therefore stressed in this review together with current knowledge of the biological role of selected microbiota members. These microbiota members are then evaluated for their intended use as a form of next-generation probiotics.
12
Suriatno, Tommy, Siswanto Siswanto, and Yupianti Yupianti. "Chicken Disease Diagnosis Expert System Using Case Base Reasoning Method in the Office Livestock and Animal Health Bengkulu City." Jurnal Komputer, Informasi dan Teknologi (JKOMITEK) 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53697/jkomitek.v1i1.148.
Full textAbstract:
Chickens are the most widely bred livestock because of the many benefits and advantages. As with other livestock, chickens have various types of diseases. For some breeders who want to raise chickens, especially ordinary people, they are faced with several problems, one of which is disease. To diagnose the disease, the symptoms that appear on the chicken's body are needed. Seriousness and fast action are needed before it's too late and suffers losses. Therefore, the purpose of this program is to assist farmers in obtaining some information about chickens. The sooner chicken disease is detected, the sooner they can prevent it. An expert system for diagnosing chicken diseases using the Case Base Reasoning method at the Bengkulu City Office of Animal Husbandry and Health was built using the PHP programming language and MySQLi database. The application is divided into two parts, namely the general user page and the administrator or operator special admin page. The results show that the diagnosis results from the selected symptoms, the application also displays the possibility of other diseases detected based on these symptoms. In addition, there are also details of the disease, along with suggestions that must be done by farmers to the sick chickens. In addition to diagnosing diseases, this expert system application can also provide information about chicken diseases and how to handle them, as well as in all disease and symptom relationships between data from sources and the application is appropriate.
13
Engida, Tesfaye D., Mihretu Ayele, Hika Waktole, Berhan Tamir, Fikru Regassa, and Takele Beyene Tufa. "Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Body Weight Gain and Gut Bacterial Load in Broiler Chickens." World's Veterinary Journal 13 (March 25, 2023): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj22.
Full textAbstract:
Phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) have promising importance in chicken production as antibiotic alternatives to balance chicken gut microorganisms and improve productivity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the body weight gain (BWG) and gut bacterial load of broiler chicks fed on selected herbs. For this experiment, 360 unsexed one-day-old broiler chicks of Cobb 500 with an average weight of 40.74 g were randomly allocated into six treatment groups with three replicates of 20 chicks in each pen. The treatment 1 (T1) group was fed by a basal diet alone. Chickens of T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 were fed the basal diet containing 1% of basil, lemongrass, peppermint, rosemary, and thyme leaves powder, respectively for 49 days. Body weight (BW), BWG, and average daily weight gain (ADWG) data were recorded every week and at the end of every phase. On days 21 and 42, three chickens from each replicate were slaughtered for microbiological analysis (pathogenic and normal flora) of cecum contents aseptically. The obtained result showed that chickens kept on T3 had significantly higher BW, BWG, and ADWG during the starter and grower phases. Significantly highest final BW was recorded during the finisher phase on T3 and T6. Chickens that consumed T3 and T6 had significantly higher overall BWG and ADWG. The lowest Escherichia coli counts were seen in chickens fed on rosemary (T5) on both days 21 and 42 of the experimental time. Similarly, the highest Lactobacilli counts were recorded on chicken fed on T5 (day 21) and T3 (day 42). On the other hand, almost all treatment herbs showed a higher Enterococcal count, with the highest recorded for T3 (day 21) and T6 (day 42). The present findings suggest that supplementing lemongrass and thyme leaf powder improves BW performance and gut microbial composition. Likewise, rosemary leaf powder enhances the beneficial microbial composition and reduces pathogenic bacteria. However, the underlying detailed biological mechanisms and dose standardization of these herbs for inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens need to be studied further.
14
Ahmed, Ghufran, Rauf Ahmed Shams Malick, Adnan Akhunzada, Sumaiyah Zahid, Muhammad Rabeet Sagri, and Abdullah Gani. "An Approach towards IoT-Based Predictive Service for Early Detection of Diseases in Poultry Chickens." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 13396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313396.
Full textAbstract:
The poultry industry contributes majorly to the food industry. The demand for poultry chickens raises across the world quality concerns of the poultry chickens. The quality measures in the poultry industry contribute towards the production and supply of their eggs and their meat. With the increasing demand for poultry meat, the precautionary measures towards the well-being of the chickens raises the concerns of the industry stakeholders. The modern technological advancements help the poultry industry in monitoring and tracking the health of poultry chicken. These advancements include the identification of the chickens’ sickness and well-being using video surveillance, voice observations, ans feces examinations by using IoT-based wearable sensing devices such as accelerometers and gyro devices. These motion-sensing devices are placed over a chicken and transmit the chicken’s movement data to the cloud for further analysis. Analyzing such data and providing more accurate predictions about chicken health is a challenging issue. In this paper, an IoT based predictive service framework for the early detection of diseases in poultry chicken is proposed. The proposed study contributes by extending the dataset through generating the synthetic data using Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). The experimental results classify the sick and healthy chicken in a poultry farms using machine learning classification modeling on the synthetic data and the real dataset. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed system has achieved an accuracy of 97%. Moreover, the accuracy of the different classification models are compared in the proposed study to provide more accurate and best performing classification technique. The proposed study is mainly focused on proposing an Industrial IoT-based predictive service framework that can classify poultry chickens more accurately in real time.
15
Volf, Jiri, Magdalena Crhanova, Daniela Karasova, Marcela Faldynova, Tereza Kubasova, Zuzana Seidlerova, Alena Sebkova, et al. "Eggshell and Feed Microbiota Do Not Represent Major Sources of Gut Anaerobes for Chickens in Commercial Production." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (July 11, 2021): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071480.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we addressed the origin of chicken gut microbiota in commercial production by a comparison of eggshell and feed microbiota with caecal microbiota of 7-day-old chickens, using microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing. In addition, we tested at which timepoint during prenatal or neonatal development it is possible to successfully administer probiotics. We found that eggshell microbiota was a combination of environmental and adult hen gut microbiota but was completely different from caecal microbiota of 7-day-old chicks. Similarly, we observed that the composition of feed microbiota was different from caecal microbiota. Neither eggshell nor feed acted as an important source of gut microbiota for the chickens in commercial production. Following the experimental administration of potential probiotics, we found that chickens can be colonised only when already hatched and active. Spraying of eggs with gut anaerobes during egg incubation or hatching itself did not result in effective chicken colonisation. Such conclusions should be considered when selecting and administering probiotics to chickens in hatcheries. Eggshells, feed or drinking water do not act as major sources of gut microbiota. Newly hatched chickens must be colonised from additional sources, such as air dust with spores of Clostridiales. The natural colonisation starts only when chickens are already hatched, as spraying of eggs or even chickens at the very beginning of the hatching process did not result in efficient colonisation.
16
Ishikawa, Akira, Tomoka Takanuma, Norikazu Hashimoto, Tatsuhiko Goto, and Masaoki Tsudzuki. "New Behavioral Handling Test Reveals Temperament Differences in Native Japanese Chickens." Animals 13, no. 22 (November 17, 2023): 3556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13223556.
Full textAbstract:
It is well known in the poultry industry that fear and stress experienced during the handling of day-old chicks in commercial hatcheries can have long-lasting effects on their behavior later in life. These hatchery-related stresses are more intense and complex than those encountered in traditional behavioral tests. Consequently, a single behavioral test may not be sufficient to measure hatchery stresses and chicken temperament. In this study, we developed a new behavioral handling test for day-old chickens, which incorporated concepts from established behavioral tests used with both young and adult birds. The new test assessed 10 behavioral traits, including vocalization frequency and responses to human interaction. It was conducted on 96 two-day-old chicks from seven breeds of native Japanese and Western chickens. The results of the principal component analysis classified chicken temperaments into three distinct categories: bustle, aggression, and timidity. Using these categories, the seven breeds were classified into five groups, each with distinct temperaments. This study highlights the reliability and value of the new handling test in characterizing the temperaments of various chicken breeds and provides insights into the complex behaviors of chickens.
17
Lai, Jinyu, Liangyu Yang, Fashun Chen, Xingchen He, Rongjie Zhang, Yong Zhao, Gan Gao, et al. "Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of FAdV-4 from Indigenous Chicken Breeds in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China." Microorganisms 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2023): 2631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112631.
Full textAbstract:
Fowl adenovirus-induced hepatitis–pericardial effusion syndrome outbreaks have been increasingly reported in China since 2015, resulting in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. The genetic diversity of indigenous chicken results in different immune traits, affecting the evolution of these viruses. Although the molecular epidemiology of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has been well studied in commercial broiler and layer chickens, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of FAdV-4 in indigenous chickens remain largely unknown. In this study, samples were collected from six indigenous chicken breeds in Yunnan province, China. FAdV-positive samples were identified in five of the six indigenous chicken populations via PCR and 10 isolates were obtained. All FAdVs belonged to serotype FAdV-4 and species FAdV-C. The hexon, fiber, and penton gene sequence comparison analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of FAdV-4 isolates in these chickens might have originated from other provinces that exported chicks and poultry products to Yunnan province. Moreover, several distinct amino acid mutations were firstly identified in the major structural proteins. Our findings highlighted the need to decrease inter-regional movements of live poultry to protect indigenous chicken genetic resources and that the immune traits of these indigenous chickens might result in new mutations of FAdV-4 strains.
18
Rizkiah, Lisna Apriliani, Azizah Asma Hamidah, Ichan Pamungkas, Pirda Parida Permadani Pertiwi, Boy Surya Adhitya, Dede Ilpan Kosasih, Seta Astagina, Dewi Wahyuni, Annisa Rahmi, and Abdullah Baharun. "BOBOT TELUR, FERTILITAS, DAYA TETAS DAN BOBOT TETAS TELUR HASIL PERSILANGAN AYAM MERAWANG JANTAN DENGAN AYAM BRESSE BETINA (Eggs weight, fertility, hatchability and hatching weight from crossing merawang rooster and bresse hen)." JURNAL NUKLEUS PETERNAKAN 10, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/nukleus.v10i2.12810.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia have local chicken’s genetic resources and need to be developed as animal protein resource for fulfill market demand and human nutrition. This research aim to analyzed egg weight, fertility, hatchability and hatching weight of local chicken crossed results between Merawang and Bresse chickens. The natural mating method done by put a rooster Merawang with three hens Bresse chickens in a cage. The eggs produced from second until seventh days were collected, then cleaned and put the marker suit to laying eggs time. The marked eggs loaded into an automatic hatching machine (New Karya Mandiri®) with setting of temperature is 36-37°C (60-70% humidity). Eggs fertility determination were did on fifth day incubation with candling method. The parameters observed were weight, fertility, and hatchability the eggs. The results shows the eggs from crossed Merawang rooster and Bresse hen have average eggs weight is 48,33,6 gram, 61,54% fertility, and 62,5% hatchability. The conclusion was the fertility and hatchability of Merawang rooster and Bresse hen crossed (Bresse’s superior chickens UNIDA/BUNIDA F1) through natural mating are still low, while the egg weight and hatching weight produced are not different from other local chickens. as result of crossing Merawang rooster and Bresse hen. BUNIDA F1 chicken have the potential to exploration as a new breed of superior local chickens.
19
Tsikai, Mudavanhu, Ignatius Govere, and Kainos Manyeruke. "Impact Assessment of Indigenous Chickens Production Interventions in the Semi-arid Regions of Zimbabwe: Case of Chivi District." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science 07, no. 11 (2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2022.71105.
Full textAbstract:
Most communal farmers in Chivi district of Zimbabwe rear indigenous chickens. However, the impact of interventions by government and non-government partners remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to assess impact of indigenous chicken production in semi-arid areas with a focus on Chivi district. The research focused on indigenous chickens as the enterprise has the potential to increase rural population income and in turn improve the nutrition for the rural population. A total of 160 indigenous chicken farmers were sampled from a population of 1240 who received past interventions in trainings, feed and chicks or pullets from development partners and government using a survey questionnaire. Variables such as age, farmer experience, education, type of dwelling, maize, cattle, goats, supplementary feed, type of housing, resting of fowl run, vaccinations and type of hatching method were found to be significantly affecting sales rate. Indigenous chicken production was found to be weakly profitable as a positive gross margin was obtained. The study also revealed that value chain actors in indigenous chicken production had no processors. It was concluded that though indigenous chicken production was profitable, the above stated factors affect impact of indigenous chickens. The value chain map had no processors. Capacitating farmers on poultry management and availing credit to finance production and marketing players is important to improve indigenous chickens among smallholder farmers.
20
Rusli, Ridho Kurniawan, Gita Ciptaan, Mirnawati Mirnawati, and Ahadiyah Yuniza. "TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN RANSUM DAN INTRODUKSI AYAM KUB BAGI MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN KOTO LUA KECAMATAN PAUH KOTA PADANG." BULETIN ILMIAH NAGARI MEMBANGUN 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/bina.v6i1.501.
Full textAbstract:
Balitbangtan Superior Kampung Chicken (KUB) is a superior native chicken due to selection from native chicken families for six generations conducted by the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development. KUB chickens have faster growth compared to ordinary native chickens. This training program was conducted for the Koto Lua community, Pauh District, Padang City, West Sumatra. This activity aims to help the community by conducting training on making poultry rations using conventional feed ingredients. In addition, this activity also aims to introduce one of the potential local chickens producing meat and eggs, namely: KUB chicken. The methods used in this activity were counseling and discussion (conventional feed and KUB chickens), training (traditional preparation of ration), mentoring (KUB chicken rearing), and evaluation at the end of the activity. 100 KUB chickens are raised by the service team from 1-28 days (4 weeks); after that, the KUB chickens are given to 10 heads of families (10 chickens per head of family), provided they have raised chickens and have a chicken coop. This activity results in the community gaining knowledge about feed ingredients that can be used as poultry rations. Community-rearing chickens until 16 weeks of age achieve an average body weight of 1000–150 g/head. The conclusion from this activity is that the community is skilled in making rations and raising KUB chickens, with a survival rate of around 90%.
21
McCREA, B. A., K. H. TONOOKA, C. VanWORTH, E. R. ATWILL, and J. S. SCHRADER. "Colonizing Capability of Campylobacter jejuni Genotypes from Low-Prevalence Avian Species in Broiler Chickens." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.2.417.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic variations in Campylobacter jejuni or host factors result in low prevalence rates among nonchicken poultry species. The objective of this study was to determine the colonizing potential, in broiler chickens, of C. jejuni that was recovered from low-prevalence avian species. Twenty-day-old Campylobacter-negative broiler chicks were inoculated by oral gavage with genetically different primary isolates of C. jejuni recovered from squab, duck, or chicken. Serial sampling and microbiologic testing of ceca were used to determine the level of colonization and the prevalence of positive chickens. All isolates were recovered from chickens by 10 days postinoculation. The C. jejuni strains recovered from challenged birds were genetically identical to the inoculated strains. By 10 days postinoculation, treatment groups inoculated with duck or control chicken isolates were 100% positive. The level of colonization by the squab isolate on day 2 postinoculation was significantly less than the duck or chicken isolates and had not colonized all birds by day 10 postinoculation.
22
Nissly, Ruth H., Levina Lim, Margo R. Keller, Ian M. Bird, Gitanjali Bhushan, Sougat Misra, Shubhada K. Chothe, et al. "The Susceptibility of Chickens to Zika Virus: A Comprehensive Study on Age-Dependent Infection Dynamics and Host Responses." Viruses 16, no. 4 (April 7, 2024): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16040569.
Full textAbstract:
Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a public health concern, with epidemics in endemic regions and sporadic outbreaks in new areas posing significant threats. Several mosquito-borne flaviviruses that can cause human illness, including West Nile, Usutu, and St. Louis encephalitis, have associations with birds. However, the susceptibility of chickens to ZIKV and their role in viral epidemiology is not currently known. We investigated the susceptibility of chickens to experimental ZIKV infection using chickens ranging from 1-day-old chicks to 6-week-old birds. ZIKV caused no clinical signs in chickens of all age groups tested. Viral RNA was detected in the blood and tissues during the first 5 days post-inoculation in 1-day and 4-day-old chicks inoculated with a high viral dose, but ZIKV was undetectable in 6-week-old birds at all timepoints. Minimal antibody responses were observed in 6-week-old birds, and while present in younger chicks, they waned by 28 days post-infection. Innate immune responses varied significantly between age groups. Robust type I interferon and inflammasome responses were measured in older chickens, while limited innate immune activation was observed in younger chicks. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is a major driver of host restriction to ZIKV, and chicken STAT2 is distinct from human STAT2, potentially contributing to the observed resistance to ZIKV infection. The rapid clearance of the virus in older chickens coincided with an effective innate immune response, highlighting age-dependent susceptibility. Our study indicates that chickens are not susceptible to productive ZIKV infection and are unlikely to play a role in the ZIKV epidemiology.
23
Lourenço da Silva, Marconi Italo, Ibiara Correia de Lima Almeida Paz, Andressa Silva Jacinto, Marcos Antonio Nascimento Filho, Ana Beatriz Santos de Oliveira, Ingrid Grazieli Althman dos Santos, Francine dos Santos Mota, Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara, and Leonie Jacobs. "Providing environmental enrichments can reduce subclinical spondylolisthesis prevalence without affecting performance in broiler chickens." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 7, 2023): e0284087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284087.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental enrichment can increase the occurrence of natural behavior and improve leg health and other animal welfare outcomes in broiler chickens. This study aimed to assess the effects of three environmental enrichments, specifically hay bales, step platforms, and laser lights, on subclinical spondylolisthesis prevalence, productivity, behavior, and gait of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Twenty-four hundred day-old male Ross® AP95 chicks from a commercial hatchery were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicate pens per treatment. Pens contained either a Control (C) treatment, an environment similar to a commercial broiler chicken system without environmental enrichments, or an environment with either additional hay bales (HB), additional step platforms (SP), or additional laser lights (LL). Performance, yield, behavior (frequencies), gait score, and subclinical spondylolisthesis prevalences were assessed. When raised with SP or LL access, fewer chickens had subclinical spondylolisthesis than chickens without enrichments (C) or with HB access. Chickens with access to SP exhibited higher wing yield and less abdominal fat than animals from the C group. Chickens from the LL and HB treatments explored more and rested less frequently than animals from the C and SP treatments. As chickens aged, they became less active, exploring less and increasing resting and comfort behaviors. Treatments did not affect gait. Gait was not associated with subclinical spondylolisthesis prevalence. Environmental enrichments benefitted chicken health (subclinical spondylolisthesis) and behavior (exploration) without negative consequences for performance and yield.
24
Wahyuni, Wahyuni, Depison Depison, and Gushariyanto Gushariyanto. "Comparison of Productivity of Sentul and Kampung Chickens until the Age of 3 Months in the First Generation Selection Population (G1)." Buletin Peternakan 46, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v46i1.67045.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to compare the productivity of Sentul chickens and first-generation Kampung chickens (G1) until the age of 3 months. The research material were Sentul chicken and Kampung chicken. The method used was an experiment method or direct observation with a sample of 174 chickens from each strain. The data collected were egg weight, doc weight, body weight, body weight gain, body measurements, and selection response. Data on egg weight, body weight, and body measurements were analyzed using the average difference test (t-test), while the average value vector of body measurements Sentul chicken and Kampung chicken were analyzed using the T2-Hotelling statistical test. To identify the body size and body shape characteristics of Sentul chickens and Kampung chickens were analyzed using principal component analysis. Data processing used the statistical software Minitab version 18. The results of this study showed that egg weight, body weight at the age of DOC-3 months and body measurements of Sentul chickens were significantly different (P<0.05) higher than the Kampung chickens. This study concludes that the egg weight, body weight, body weight gain, and body sizes of Sentul chickens are higher than Kampung chickens. The size characteristic of Sentul and Kampung chickens is chest circumference. The characteristic of the shape of the Sentul chicken is the length of the wings, while the shape of the native chicken is the width of the chest. The selection response and the heritability value of the Sentul chickens was higher than Kampung chikens.
25
Zou, Mengyun, Tengfei Wang, Yingjie Wang, Ronglong Luo, Yingfei Sun, and Xiuli Peng. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Innate Immune Response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection in Chicken Embryos and Newly Hatched Chicks." Animals 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2023): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13101667.
Full textAbstract:
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a major cause of chronic respiratory diseases in chickens, with both horizontal and vertical transmission modes and varying degrees of impact on different ages. The innate immune response is crucial in resisting MG infection. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the innate immune response of chicken embryos and newly hatched chicks to MG infection using comparative RNA-seq analysis. We found that MG infection caused weight loss and immune damage in both chicken embryos and chicks. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that infected chicken embryos had a stronger immune response than chicks, as evidenced by the higher number of differentially expressed genes associated with innate immunity and inflammation. Toll-like receptor and cytokine-mediated pathways were the primary immune response pathways in both embryos and chicks. Furthermore, TLR7 signaling may play an essential role in the innate immune response to MG infection. Overall, this study sheds light on the development of innate immunity to MG infection in chickens and can help in devising disease control strategies.
26
Paredes, Manuel, and Talía Quispe. "Hatching, embryo death and chicks growth in dual purpose and brawl hens under natural hypobaric conditions." SPERMOVA 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18548/aspe/0009.19.
Full textAbstract:
The present study aimed to compare results for hatchability and growing performance of chicks from 2 biotypes, dual purpose (DP) and brawl (BR), in hipobaric conditions (2718 m above sea level). In experiment 1, a total of 352 hatching eggs were randomly arranged, 176 egg of DP y 176 BR. In experiment 2, a total of 114 one-day-old unsexed chickens were reared for 28 d. The experimental design for hatchability and chick performance variables was completely randomized with 2 treatments (DP and BR). There were no differences between the studied treatments for hatchability results (p>0.05). Hens’ biotype affected chicken performance in the rearing phase (p<0.01), where the DP chickens had better body weight and feed conversion than BR, but BR chickens had lower mortality than DP chickens.
27
Hata, Ayano, Atsushi Takenouchi, Keiji Kinoshita, Momomi Hirokawa, Takeshi Igawa, Mitsuo Nunome, Takayuki Suzuki, and Masaoki Tsudzuki. "Geographic Origin and Genetic Characteristics of Japanese Indigenous Chickens Inferred from Mitochondrial D-Loop Region and Microsatellite DNA Markers." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112074.
Full textAbstract:
Japanese indigenous chickens have a long breeding history, possibly beginning 2000 years ago. Genetic characterization of Japanese indigenous chickens has been performed using mitochondrial D-loop region and microsatellite DNA markers. Their phylogenetic relationships with chickens worldwide and genetic variation within breeds have not yet been examined. In this study, the genetic characteristics of 38 Japanese indigenous chicken breeds were assessed by phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial D-loop sequences compared with those of indigenous chicken breeds overseas. To evaluate the genetic relationships among Japanese indigenous chicken breeds, a STRUCTURE analysis was conducted using 27 microsatellite DNA markers. D-loop sequences of Japanese indigenous chickens were classified into five major haplogroups, A–E, among 15 haplogroups found in chickens worldwide. The haplogroup composition suggested that Japanese indigenous chickens originated mainly from China, with some originating from Southeast Asia. The STRUCTURE analyses revealed that Japanese indigenous chickens are genetically differentiated from chickens overseas; Japanese indigenous chicken breeds possess distinctive genetic characteristics, and Jidori breeds, which have been reared in various regions of Japan for a long time, are genetically close to each other. These results provide new insights into the history of chickens around Asia in addition to novel genetic data for the conservation of Japanese indigenous chickens.
28
Promket, Doungnapa, and Khanitta Ruangwittayanusorn. "The comparatives of growth and carcass performance of the Thai native chicken between economic selection (Chee KKU12) and natural selection (Chee N)." Veterinary Integrative Sciences 19, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/vis.2021.022.
Full textAbstract:
Chee is 1 of 4 important native chicken breed in Thailand. Genetic selection can be used to improve growth and carcass performance. The objective of this study was to compare growth and carcass performance of native chickens (Chee) with a population selected for economic traits (Chee KKU12) and natural selection (Chee N). Two hundred Chee KKU12 and Chee N chickens were divided into 5 replicates, 20 chickens per replication. Record growth and carcass quality for data analysis. The results showed that at 12 weeks of age, Chee KKU12 chickens (1,279.484 g) had a higher body weight than did Chee N chickens (1,180.212 g). The averages daily weight gain at 4-6, 6-8, and 0-12 weeks of age of Chee KKU12 chicken (17.861,19.230, and 14.843 grams) was higher than Chee N chickens (16.284, 17.497, and 13.668 g) (P<0.05). The carcass quality with mixed gender showed that Chee KKU12 chickens had higher breast (20.859%) and abdominal fat (0.659%) than Chee N chicken (19.585% and 0.217%, respectively) (P<0.05), but Chee KKU12 chicken thigh (17.007%) was significantly lower than Chee N chickens (18.627%). Regression analysis revealed that the selection of Chee KKU12 chickens for gain in weight will result in better carcass composition including wing (0.074 g), breast (0.089 g), and drumstick (0.134 g), while Chee N chicken had better thigh (0.189 g) when selected for high growth performance (P<0.05). It was concluded that chicken population selected for economic traits has a better growth performance in open housing conditions than naturally selected chickens.
29
Bu, Guixian, Guian Huang, Hao Fu, Juan Li, Simiao Huang, and Yajun Wang. "Characterization of the novel duplicated PRLR gene at the late-feathering K locus in Lohmann chickens." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 51, no. 2 (August 12, 2013): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-13-0068.
Full textAbstract:
A partial duplication of the prolactin (PRL) receptor gene (designated asdPRLR) has been identified at the late-feathering (LF)Klocus on chromosome Z of some chicken strains recently, implying thatdPRLRis probably a candidate gene associated with LF development in chickens. However, little is known about the structure, functionality, and spatiotemporal expression of thedPRLRgene in chickens. In this study, using 3′-RACE and RT-PCR, the full-length cDNA of thedPRLRobtained from the kidneys of male Lohmann layer chickens carrying aKallele was cloned. The cloneddPRLRis predicted to encode a membrane-spanning receptor of 683 amino acids, which is nearly identical to the original PRLR, except for its lack of a 149-amino acid C-terminal tail. Using a 5× STAT5–Luciferase reporter system and western blot analysis, we demonstrated that dPRLR expressed in HepG2 cells could be potently activated by chicken PRL and functionally coupled to the intracellular STAT5 signaling pathway, suggesting that dPRLR may function as a novel receptor for PRL. RT-PCR assays revealed that similar to the originalPRLRgene,dPRLRmRNA is widely expressed in all embryonic and adult tissues examined including the skin of male Lohmann chickens with aKallele. These findings, together with the expression ofPRLmRNA detected in the skin of embryos at embryonic day 20 and 1-week-old chicks, suggest that skin-expressed dPRLR and PRLR, together with plasma and skin-derived PRL, may be involved in the control of the LF development of chicks at hatching. Moreover, the wide tissue expression ofdPRLRimplies that dPRLR may regulate other physiological processes of chickens carrying theKallele.
30
Adeleye, O. O., E. T. Oginnie, and P. E. Otamere. "Influence of natural pigment sources on growth performance, live and post slaughter skin pigmentation, serum carotenoids and lipid profile of broiler chickens." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i2.537.
Full textAbstract:
Carotenoids are bioactive molecules synthesized in plants and are important in thedevelopment of hues in the skin and muscles of chickens, which influence consumerperception and consumption. The extent of absorption and assimilation of carotenoids from different plant-based pigment sources was explored in this study. One hundred and twentyeight day old broiler chicks were allotted to four treatments, four replicates of eight chicks each. Chicks were fed a starter diet for 21 days and thereafter grower-finisher diets containing one of moringa (Moringa oleifera), baobab (Adansonia digitata) leaves, roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces and orange (Citrus x sinensis) rind- at 4% of their diet for 35 days. Skin pigmentation was scored in the apterylum region and shank of live broiler chicken weekly and in the breast, back, vent, shank and abdominal fat of 56 day old broiler chicken post-slaughter using a DSM broiler colour fan. Serum carotenoids measured as red and yellow pigments and serum lipid profile were determined by a spectrophotometric method. Pigmentation was higher in the shank, with visual score ranging from 101.0 – 103.78 and least in the skin of the back ranging from 101.0 – 102.0 (P<0.05), while pigmentation in the vent and breast were similar for chickens on the different dietary treatments. Higher live and post-slaughter skin pigmentation was observed in chickens on moringa diet with visual score ranging from 103.1. – 103.75 and 102.0 – 103.78 respectively, and lower pigmentation in those on roselle diet, ranging from 101.13 – 101.32 and 101.0 – 101.34 respectively. Shank pigmentation score peaked at 21d for chickens on baobab (102.32) and roselle (101.32) diets, and 35d for chickens on themoringa and orange rind (103.75 and 102.06, respectively) diets. Apterylum pigmentation peaked at 21d for chickens on baobab (101.54) and orange (101.40) diets and 28d for chickens on the moringa (102.40) diet. Dietary sources of carotenoids did not significantly influence yellow pigment deposition in the serum between 21-28d of exposure while red pigment deposition in the serum was unaffected by the dietary treatments after 28d of exposure. Yellow pigment composition of serum was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in chickens on moringa diet at 14 and 21d (19.84 and 18.54 ppm). A similar trend was observed for red pigment composition of serum of chickens on moringa diet at 28 and 35d (19.60 and 18.36 ppm). However the serum lipid profile of chickens in the study was not affected by the different pigment sources in their diets. Absorption and assimilation of carotenoids varied for the different carotenoid sources assessed, with Moringa oleifera leaves significantly improving live and post-slaughter pigmentation of broilers.
31
Debela, Meti D., Daniel M. Muyanja, Bernard Kakuhikire, Charles Baguma, David R. Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai, Ana A. Weil, and Peggy S. Lai. "1207. Acquisition and Quantification of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Gut Microbiome of Ugandan Women Exposed to Small-Scale Chicken Farming." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1040.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Antibiotic use in livestock farming is thought to be a major contributor to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in humans. However, quantitative data in this in this field are rare. To address this gap in the literature, we examined the prevalence of clinically important AMR genes before and after the introduction of chicken farming among women in rural Uganda. Methods We recruited a subset of women participating in a waitlist-randomized controlled trial of small-scale hybrid chicken farming in rural Uganda. Tetracycline is routinely administered to chicks during brooding. Stool samples before and one year after chicken introduction were obtained from six women randomized to the control arm, from five women randomized to the intervention arm, and from chickens. Microbial DNA was extracted from chicken and human stool and screened for 87 AMR genes using validated qPCR arrays (Qiagen). Results The median age was 35 years. At baseline, 10 of the women reported animal contact, most commonly goats (n = 8), free ranging village chickens (n = 7), cats (n = 4), and dogs (n = 4). During baseline testing of the women’s stool, we detected 18 genes conferring AMR to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, Class A-C β-lactamases and tetracycline efflux pumps. Chickens harbored 23 AMR genes from the same classes as found in humans, and were also found to have vancomycin resistance genes (Van B and C) and Group D β-lactamases (OXA-58 and OXA-10). At one year, six new AMR genes emerged in controls, including one present in chickens; CTX-M-1, a Class A β-lactamase. In contrast, seven new AMR genes emerged in the intervention group, including four present in chickens: SHV, SHV(238G240E), (Class A β lactamases) and QnrS, QnrB-5 (fluoroquinolone resistance genes). Two AMR genes gained by both control and intervention groups were not present in chickens. Conclusion Women exposed to small-scale chicken farming acquired more AMR genes compared with unexposed participants. Chickens harbored many of the genes that emerged in humans. Introduction of antibiotic-treated animals may result in the transfer of AMR genes from animals to humans, even among humans exposed to a wide range of animals at baseline. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
32
Ingr, Ivo, Radomír Božek, and Miroslav Jůzl. "Myopathy of slaughter chickens." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, no. 5 (2006): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654050049.
Full textAbstract:
High-powered means of slaughter chickens production cause on certain individuals abnormal biochemical development of postmortal changes in their muscles. It consequently lead to interferences of sensory quality of the chicken meat. So called myopathies of the chicken breast meat occur in the low extent. It is typical variation in dark colouring of breast muscle. Veterinary supervision confiscates chickens embodying myopathy by reason of sensorical unacceptable dark muscle colour. Deepness of colour is evaluated by adspection of veterinary supervisors. It is tendency leading to find out objective parameters for evaluating this sensual chicken meat colour variation. Incidence of the chickens with myopathy has been evaluating for 3 years in big poultry slaughter, therewithal high-quality chickens and chickens with perspicuous myopathy have been taking out of slaughter-line. Electric conductivity values and pH values were measuring during 60 till 330 minutes post mortem in breast muscles. Aproximately 9 millions chicken was annually slaughtered and 13 thousands of them was confiscated out of the slaughter line by reason of myopathy. It amounts to 0.14 per cent of annually count of processed chickens. Myopatical chickens had significantly higher muscle pH values as compared with healthy ones. Healthy chicken muscles decreased on ultimative pH values aproximately past 3 hours post mortem. It means pH 6.03, and after 300 minutes decreased to pH 5.82. However, myopatical chickens values varied from pH 6.46 to pH 6.30. Concurrently measured values of electric conductivity significantly corellated with pH values. Whereto, it's predication of similarity chicken myopathies and dark, firm, dry (DFD) pork or turkey meat. Beyond unacceptable dark meat colour have disadvantage in poor post mortem acidifying of the meat and in consequence of microbial proteolyse. Significantly correlation between pH and electric conductivity values foreshadows on identification of myopatical chicken meat by means of conductivity measuring.
33
Osei-Amponsah, R., B. B. Kayang, A. Naazie, M. Tiexier-Boichard, and X. Rognon. "Phenotypic characterization of local Ghanaian chickens: egg-laying performance under improved management conditions." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 56 (June 2015): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633615000041.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryEgg production performance of 571 local Ghanaian chickens and 107 SASSO T44 chickens kept under improved management conditions were analysed. Average egg weight, hen-day egg production and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined for the three experimental chicken ecotypes. Hen-day production was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in the savannah local chicken ecotype than the forest ecotype and SASSO T44 chickens. Egg weights of local Ghanaian chickens compared favourably with values reported for local chickens in Africa. On the average, SASSO T44 had significantly (P< 0.05) higher egg weights and feed intake compared with the local chicken ecotypes. The local chicken ecotypes on the other hand, had significantly (P< 0.05) better feed conversion ratios than SASSO T44 chicken. Local Ghanaian chicken ecotypes have a more efficient FCR per every unit of egg produced compared with the control population. Low feed intake, good feed conversion ratios and adaptation to the environment are traits local chicken harbour which can be exploited in future breeding programmes to improve on chicken meat and egg production in Ghana. Ghanaian local chickens could thus be a valuable genetic resource for the development of an efficient egg production chicken breed adaptable to the humid tropical climates.
34
Budi, Trifan, Worapong Singchat, Nivit Tanglertpaibul, Wongsathit Wongloet, Aingorn Chaiyes, Nattakan Ariyaraphong, Worawit Thienpreecha, et al. "Thai Local Chicken Breeds, Chee Fah and Fah Luang, Originated from Chinese Black-Boned Chicken with Introgression of Red Junglefowl and Domestic Chicken Breeds." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 19, 2023): 6878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086878.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of the genetic characteristics, origin, and local adaptation of chickens is essential to identify the traits required for chicken breeding programs. Chee Fah and Fah Luang are black-boned chicken breeds reared in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chickens are an important part of the local economy and socio-culture; however, the genetic diversity, characteristics, and origins of these two breeds have been poorly studied. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity, gene pool, and origin of the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens using mitochondrial DNA D-loop (mtDNA D-loop) sequencing and microsatellite genotyping, as well as habitat suitability analysis using maximum entropy modeling. The MtDNA D-loop sequencing and microsatellite genotype analyses indicated that the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens shared haplogroups A, B, and CD with Chinese black-boned chickens. Gene pool analysis revealed that the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens have distinct genetic patterns compared to Thai domestic chickens and red junglefowl. Some gene pools of red junglefowl and other Thai domestic chickens were observed within the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chicken gene pool structures, suggesting genetic exchange. The data indicate that the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens originated from Chinese indigenous black-boned chicken breeds and experienced crossbreeding/hybridization and introgression with red junglefowl and other domestic breeds during domestication. Interestingly, the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens from Chiang Rai shared the same allelic gene pool, which was not shared with the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens from Mae Hong Son, suggesting at least two gene pool origins in the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chicken populations. Alternatively, different gene pools in the Chee Fah and Fah Luang chickens from different localities might be caused by differences in environmental factors, especially elevation.
35
Sari, N. Y., E. Suryanto, R. Rusman, R. O. Sujarwanta, and E. Triyannanto. "Meat quality of crossing indigenous chicken of Merawang, Murung Panggang and KUB." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1183, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1183/1/012039.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The cross-breed chickens are indigenous chickens formed from quality donor chickens with their respective characteristics and advantages. The hope is that the chicken from this cross has advantages, especially better meat quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of carcass and chicken meat from crosses. The cross-breed chickens were formed from indigenous Merawang, Murung panggang and KUB chickens. The results of this cross were divided into two breeds, namely the first breeds of KUB females and Merawang males, while the second breeds of KUB females and Murung panggang males. Chickens were reared from DOC until the age of eight and ten weeks for each nation with female and male sexes in Kronggahan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The total number of chickens reared is 151 which are slaughtered using halal method. The results showed that the cross breed KUB Merawang chicken had higher fat content (1,97%), protein (18,83%) and cholesterol (43,68 mm/g) than KUB Murung panggang chicken, respectively 1,84%; 18,43% and 43,33 mm/g. However, the tenderness of the first cross indigenous chicken was 2,50 lower than the second cross which was 2,73. Consumers are more likely to like the first cross indigenous chicken meat because it is more savory and juicy.
36
Sri Purwanti, Dimas Ganda PermanaSon, Yuni Rositagoddess, and ZainulArifin. "Feasibility of Variety Chicken Businessesthe Domestic Fallandpama-Khoy In The Villagemiddle Consciousness." Agricultural Science 7, no. 2 (February 12, 2024): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55173/agriscience.v7i2.131.
Full textAbstract:
Cultivating gallus domestic and pama-khoy chicken varieties in Sadartengah Village is very profitable because the selling price is quite high for both gallus domesticus and pama-khoy chickens. Gallus domesticus and pama-khoy chicken varieties can be sold at the age of 6 months. The need for care for these varieties of chickens is easy to get at quite affordable prices. This study uses a combination of methods, namely qualitative and quantitative. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation and documentation techniques. Based on the research results, it was found that a good way to cultivate chickens of the Gallus domesticus and pama-khoy varieties is by paying attention to and meeting the needs of the chickens in terms of food given according to meal times, a chicken coop as a place for shelter and a place for the chickens to live and preventing predators, providing vitamins, as well as electricity for lamps to provide lighting in the chicken coop. The income from the Gallus domesticus chicken business is IDR. 1,556,200, which is less than the income of pama-khoy chicken, which is Rp. 3,936,200. Comparison of the suitability of the Gallus domesticus and Pama-khoy chicken varieties with the R/C ratio of production for Gallus domesticus chickens is 1.69, smaller than Pama-khoy chickens, namely 2.77.
37
Makarova, Aleksandra V., Anatoly B. Vakhrameev, and Inessa A. Meftah. "Comparative characteristics of the growth and development of meategg and egg-meat chickens." Agrarian science, no. 11-12 (January 20, 2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-343-11-29-32.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. Recently, the number of many breeds and lines of chickens has significantly decreased, while others are under threat of extinction. Reducing the genetic resources of chicken’s worldwide limits the possibilities of future breeding programs. The study of the genetic diversity of the species allows you to more accurately manage the productive and potential of chicken breeds, the possibilities of its use for obtaining Biosafety and full-fledged food. Adding exterior estimation data to the bird breeding value forecast increases its accuracy and is relevant.Methods. The study was conducted on chickens of two experimental populations «Experimental CS» meat-egg of productivity and «Experimental LZS» egg-meat productivity from the Genetic collection of rare and endangered chicken breeds Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding — Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry.Results. The highest absolute increase in live weight of chickens is observed in the period of 4-8 weeks, and the relative increase at the age of 4 weeks, regardless of the type of productivity of chickens. The results of cultivation largely depend on the intensity of growth of the bird in the early period, up to four weeks of age. The superiority of the meat-egg population in comparison with the egg-meat population was revealed in terms of breast circumference (5.0–7.7%).
38
Nyoman Pande Aryanti, Ni Wayan Siti, I Gusti Nyoman Gde Bidura, Eny Puspani, Desak Putu Mas Ari Candrawai, and Anak Agung Putu Putra Wibawa. "Impact of the inclusion of calcium soap in feed on intestinal histology and blood lipid profile of native chickens." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 27, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.27.1.0146.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the inclusion of calcium soap in feed on the intestinal histology and blood lipid profile of native chickens. This study used 192 native chickens aged 6 weeks with homogeneous body weight which were randomized into 4 types of treatment and 6 replications and each replication used 48 chickens with homogeneous body weight. The four types of treatment were: Group of chickens fed without the addition of Ca-PFAD as a control (chicken Group A); chicken feed with the addition of 2% Ca-PFAD (chicken Group B); chicken feed with the addition of 4% Ca-PFAD (chicken Group C); and chicken feed with the addition of 6% Ca-PFAD (chicken Group D). The results showed that the height of the jejunal villi in chicken groups C and D was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control (chicken group A). Likewise, the depth of the jejunum crypts of Group C and D chickens was significantly (P<0.05) deeper than that of Group A chickens. The inclusion of 2-6% Ca-PFAD in the feed significantly (P<0.05) improved the blood lipid profile of native chickens. It was concluded that administration of calcium soap (Ca-PFAD) in feed can increase the height of the villi and the depth of the crypts of the intestinal jejunum. On the other hand, at the 4% level, giving calcium soap in feed can reduce cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels, as well as increase triglyceride and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels in native chicken.
39
Abghour, Samira, Mohamed Mouahid, Sami Darkaoui, Jaouad Berrada, Khalil Zro, and Faouzi Kichou. "Pathogenicity of field strain of fowl aviadenovirus serotype 11 isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Morocco." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): e0261284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261284.
Full textAbstract:
Outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis have emerged in Morocco since 2013 and has resulted in significant economic losses to poultry farms. Three isolates of the causative virus, Fowl adenonovirus (FAdV)were characterized from chickens with IBH, but their pathogenicity has never been investigated. In this work, the pathogenicity of an isolate FAdV 11 (MOR300315 strain) was evaluated by inoculating a group of 40 SPF chickens at 3 days of age by oral route. A group of 40 chicks injected with phosphate-buffered saline solution was used as a control group. The infected chickens showed decreased weight gain from 3dpi. Necropsy displayed pallor and enlargement in liver, swelling and slight hemorrhage in kidney and spleen at 6 dpi. Histopathological changes were mainly characterized by severe and extensive hepatic necrosis associated with the presence of basophilic intra-nuclear inclusion bodies within hepatocytes. The FAdV was reisolated in chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture from liver tissue homogenate of infected chicken from 3 to 6 dpi. Viral DNA was detected by PCR in liver, kidney, spleen and cloacal swabs from 3 to 13 dpi. Antibody response against inoculated FAdV was appeared from 9 dpi. These results confirmed that the FAdV 11 strain is pathogenic in chicken. This study is the first experimental infection of FAdV 11 in chicken in Morocco, which increase our understanding of its pathogenicity in chickens and indicate that preventive measures against FAdV infection in poultry farms should be implemented in Morocco.
40
De Meyst, Anne, Pieter De Clercq, Jelmer Porrez, Tom Geens, Lutgart Braeckman, Sander Ouburg, Servaas A. Morré, and Daisy Vanrompay. "Belgian Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study on Zoonotic Avian Chlamydia spp. in Chickens." Microorganisms 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010193.
Full textAbstract:
Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia gallinacea, and Chlamydia abortus are the most common Chlamydia spp. in chickens and have a confirmed or suggested zoonotic potential. No recent data are available on their prevalence and impact in the Belgian chicken industry or in the recreational chicken branch. Therefore, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was executed where samples were collected from both factory-farmed and backyard chickens. More specifically, pharyngeal chicken swabs were obtained from 20 chicken farms, 5 chicken abattoirs, and 38 different backyard locations and were analyzed using species-specific Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs) for the presence of the three avian Chlamydia spp. To investigate their zoonotic potential, samples were simultaneously collected from 54 backyard chicken caretakes and 37 professional chicken caretakers or abattoir employees and analyzed using species-specific PCRs as well. This study confirmed the presence of DNA of all three Chlamydia species in both the chicken industry and backyard settings. Chlamydia psittaci was the most prevalent in the industry chickens (11.0%), whereas Chlamydia gallinacea was the dominant species in the backyard chickens (14.5%). Chlamydia abortus infections were more common in the commercial chickens (9.0%) compared to the backyard chickens (2.6%). The DNA of all three species was also detected in humans (3.9% Chlamydia psittaci, 2.9% Chlamydia gallinacea, and 1.0% Chlamydia abortus).
41
Khaeruddin, Khaeruddin, Hermawansyah Hermawansyah, Bahri Syamsuryadi, and Junaedi Junaedi. "STUDI MORFOMETRIK DAN MORFOLOGI SPERMATOZOA ENAM RUMPUN AYAM LOKAL INDONESIA." JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER 9, no. 3 (November 21, 2021): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v9i3.5171.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the morphometric comparison and identify abnormal sperm morphology in six types of Indonesian local chickens. Sperm observed came from six types of local chickens: red jungle fowl, Sentul chicken, Gaga’ chicken, Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) chicken, Arab Silver chicken, and Bangkok chicken. Semen was collected by sequencing technique, then fresh semen was blotted on glass slides with eosin-nigrosine dye. Morphometrics and morphology of sperm were observed using a light microscope with a magnification of 100x16. ImageJ software was used for sperm morphometric observation on 60 sperm cells, while morphological observations were carried out by counting normal and abnormal sperm on 200 sperm cells. The results showed that there were variations in the size of sperm among the six types of chickens. Red jungle fowl had a higher total length and tail length than Sentul, Gaga', KUB, Arab, and Bangkok chickens. Observation of morphological characteristics showed that sperm with the highest abnormal morphology were in red jungle fowl and gaga' chickens. Tail bending and mid-piece bending is the most common abnormalities found in Indonesian local chickens.
42
Kubasova, Tereza, Miloslava Kollarcikova, Magdalena Crhanova, Daniela Karasova, Darina Cejkova, Alena Sebkova, Jitka Matiasovicova, et al. "Gut Anaerobes Capable of Chicken Caecum Colonisation." Microorganisms 7, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120597.
Full textAbstract:
Chicks in commercial production are highly sensitive to enteric infections and their resistance can be increased by administration of complex adult microbiota. However, it is not known which adult microbiota members are capable of colonising the caecum of newly hatched chicks. In this study, we therefore orally inoculated chicks with pure cultures of 76 different bacterial isolates originating from chicken caecum on day 1 of life and determined their ability to colonise seven days later. The caecum of newly hatched chickens could be colonised by bacteria belonging to phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, or Verrucomicrobia, and isolates from class Negativicutes (phylum Firmicutes). On the other hand, we did not record colonisation with isolates from phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (except for Negativicutes), including isolates from families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Lactobacillaceae. Representatives of genera commonly used in probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, or Bacillus therefore did not colonise the chicken intestinal tract after a single dose administration. Following challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, the best protecting isolates increased the chicken’s resistance to S. Enteritidis only tenfold, which, however, means that none of the tested individual bacterial isolates on their own efficiently protected chicks against S. Enteritidis.
43
Gholami-Ahangaran, Majid, M. Karimi Dehkordi, M. Ostadpoor, A. Ahmadi Dastgerdi, O. A. Mahdi, M. A. Jawad, and Y. F. Mustafa. "The synergistic effect of probiotic and phytobiotic for improving growth performance and biological indices in broiler chickens." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 3681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25492.
Full textAbstract:
Application of phytobiotic, probiotic in poultry production can positive effect on performance, produce healthy protein sources for humans. In this study, the effects of one commercial probiotic, phytobiotic was evaluated on chicken performance. Totally, 300 chicks were divided into 4 groups that fed the basal diet, diet containing probiotic (Protexin), phytobiotic (AE), probiotic (Protexin) plus phytobiotic (AE) in all over the growing period. The growth indices were measured weekly, analyzed in 21, 42 days of age. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from all chickens. The concentration of liver enzymes, lipid profiles, antioxidant status were measured in blood samples. Results showed that the weight gain was significantly higher, FCR significantly lower in chickens received probiotic, or probiotic plus phytobiotic in comparison with chickens received phytobiotic, control chickens (p<0.05). Furthermore, addition of phytobiotic plus probiotic can significantly increase the activity of blood GPx, TAS with respect to chickens that received probiotic, phytobiotic, alone. The TG, CHL, LDL was lower, HDL was higher in chickens received phytobiotic or probiotic plus phytobiotic with comparison of chickens fed probiotic, control chickens (p <0.05). The level of AST, ALT, ALP show a significant decrease in chickens fed probiotic plus phytobiotic. In conclusion, continuous utilization of probiotic (Protexin) along with phytobiotic (Artichoke extract) in broiler diets can induce synergist effect on growth improvement, antioxidant capacity increasing, serum lipid reducing, liver function improvement in broiler chickens.
44
Gholami-Ahangaran, Majid, M. Karimi Dehkordi, M. Ostadpoor, A. Ahmadi Dastgerdi, O. A. Mahdi, M. A. Jawad, and Y. F. Mustafa. "The synergistic effect of probiotic and phytobiotic for improving growth performance and biological indices in broiler chickens." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 3681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25492.
Full textAbstract:
Application of phytobiotic, probiotic in poultry production can positive effect on performance, produce healthy protein sources for humans. In this study, the effects of one commercial probiotic, phytobiotic was evaluated on chicken performance. Totally, 300 chicks were divided into 4 groups that fed the basal diet, diet containing probiotic (Protexin), phytobiotic (AE), probiotic (Protexin) plus phytobiotic (AE) in all over the growing period. The growth indices were measured weekly, analyzed in 21, 42 days of age. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from all chickens. The concentration of liver enzymes, lipid profiles, antioxidant status were measured in blood samples. Results showed that the weight gain was significantly higher, FCR significantly lower in chickens received probiotic, or probiotic plus phytobiotic in comparison with chickens received phytobiotic, control chickens (p<0.05). Furthermore, addition of phytobiotic plus probiotic can significantly increase the activity of blood GPx, TAS with respect to chickens that received probiotic, phytobiotic, alone. The TG, CHL, LDL was lower, HDL was higher in chickens received phytobiotic or probiotic plus phytobiotic with comparison of chickens fed probiotic, control chickens (p <0.05). The level of AST, ALT, ALP show a significant decrease in chickens fed probiotic plus phytobiotic. In conclusion, continuous utilization of probiotic (Protexin) along with phytobiotic (Artichoke extract) in broiler diets can induce synergist effect on growth improvement, antioxidant capacity increasing, serum lipid reducing, liver function improvement in broiler chickens.
45
Sanusi, A. R., and S. O. Oseni. "Nigerian Fulani ecotype chickens - I – Growth performance under two production systems." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i3.2554.
Full textAbstract:
The rearing of indigenous chickens is an integral part of the smallholder farming systems in developing countries, where they are kept by the rural poor to satisfy multiple functions Thus, the growth performance of Nigerian Fulani ecotype chicken (NFEC) under intensive and pastured poultry production systems was evaluated. Two hundred, day-old chicks of Nigerian Fulani ecotype chicken (NFEC) were obtained. The chickens were separated randomly to intensive and pastured poultry production systems at 12 weeks of age. Data on body weight ® were taken weekly from day-old to 20 weeks. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS at statistical significance level of P<0.05. Results showed significant effect of sex of chicken th th from the 10 to the 20 week of age (P<0.05). Significant interaction effect was observed between sex and production system at weeks 16 and 18 (P<0.05) when the male chickens under the intensive production system outpaced their male counterparts in the pastured poultry. Average daily gain for the period of 20 weeks was 6.83g and 9.21g for female and male chickens, respectively. Weight gain pattern across weeks was not uniform. There was no significant difference in the growth rate in the two production systems (P>0.05). The study revealed that little disparity exists in growth performance of NFEC under the pastured and deep-litter production systems.
46
Sanusi, A. R., and S. O. Oseni. "Nigerian Fulani ecotype chickens - I – Growth performance under two production systems." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i3.2552.
Full textAbstract:
The rearing of indigenous chickens is an integral part of the smallholder farming systems in developing countries, where they are kept by the rural poor to satisfy multiple functions Thus, the growth performance of Nigerian Fulani ecotype chicken (NFEC) under intensive and pastured poultry production systems was evaluated. Two hundred, day-old chicks of Nigerian Fulani ecotype chicken (NFEC) were obtained. The chickens were separated randomly to intensive and pastured poultry production systems at 12 weeks of age. Data on body weight were taken weekly from day-old to 20 weeks. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS at statistical significance level of P<0.05. Results showed significant effect of sex of chicken th th from the 10 to the 20 week of age (P<0.05). Significant interaction effect was observed between sex and production system at weeks 16 and 18 (P<0.05) when the male chickens under the intensive production system outpaced their male counterparts in the pastured poultry. Average daily gain for the period of 20 weeks was 6.83g and 9.21g for female and male chickens, respectively. Weight gain pattern across weeks was not uniform. There was no significant difference in the growth rate in the two production systems (P>0.05). The study revealed that little disparity exists in growth performance of NFEC under the pastured and deep-litter production systems.
47
Pavlovski, Z., Z. Skrbic, R. Cmiljanic, M. Lukic, and D. Tomasevic. "The effect of the rearing system and biological factors on carcass conformation and slaughter traits of fattening chickens." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 3-4 (2007): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0704059p.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of the rearing system (intensive and semi intensive) and biological factors (genotype, age, sex) on absolute and index values of carcass conformation measures in chickens (metatarsus length, keel length, breast depth, thigh girth and breast angle) was investigated. In the trial Arbor Acres and Redbro chickens were used and duration of fattening was 42 and 50 days. Chickens at the age of 50 days had better conformation compared to chickens at the age of 42 days. Carcasses of male chickens had better conformation than female chickens. Genotype Arbor Acres had considerably higher values of relative conformation measures than chickens of Redbro genotype. Chickens reared in chicken coop had higher values for length of metatarsus, breast depth and thigh girth compared to chicken reared on free range. .
48
Nematbakhsh, Sara, Jinap Selamat, Lokman Hakim Idris, and Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis. "Chicken Authentication and Discrimination via Live Weight, Body Size, Carcass Traits, and Breast Muscle Fat Content Clustering as Affected by Breed and Sex Varieties in Malaysia." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071575.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, the high demand for village chickens in Malaysia leads to the fraudulent substitution of indigenous chickens with other cheaper counterparts. Discriminating different chicken breeds based on their phenotypic characteristics is one strategy to avoid chicken adulteration. The main objective of this study was to authenticate and group dominant chicken breeds in Malaysia, including commercial chickens (Cobb, Hubbard, DeKalb) and cross-bred village chickens (Ayam Kampung, Akar Putra). The further discrimination of village chickens from underaged colored broilers (UCBs) (Hubbard, Sasso) was performed based on phenotype traits. The results showed that the breed had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on phenotypic characteristics, while the sex effect was not significant for some characteristics. In the first phase, the most remarkable discriminating factors were abdominal fat weight, breast muscle weight, chest circumference, shank length, and wingspan. However, in the second phase, notable variations in phenotypic characteristics between village chickens and UCBs were not detected. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the successful separation of village chickens from high-performance breeds (broiler and colored broiler). Nevertheless, there was overlap among observations for Sasso and village chickens, which approved the possible similarities in their phenotypic characteristics. This study showed clear breed clustering, which leads to the chicken authentication based on their phenotypic characteristics.
49
Nani, Gwendoline Vusumuzi, and Casper Ronney. "Towards a Profitable Pricing Strategy for Rural Women Indigenous Chicken Breeders: A Case of Rural Village in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 12, no. 4(J) (August 22, 2020): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v12i4(j).3080.
Full textAbstract:
Indigenous chickens contribute towards poverty reduction, income generation and economic empowerment of rural women. In this regard, employment of a profitable pricing strategy in selling the indigenous chickens becomes fundamental. This study sought to find out the pricing strategies used by rural women indigenous chicken breeders in one purposively selected village in Zimbabwe. An interpretivist paradigm, a qualitative approach and a case study design were employed to examine the issue under review. Seventeen rural women indigenous chicken breeders were key informants. Data collected using semi structured questionnaires and face to face interviews was analysed to discern themes. Results revealed that rural women indigenous chicken breeders did not apply any pricing strategies when selling their chickens. Prices were approximated based on mainly the weight of the chickens. The study concluded that rural women indigenous chicken breeders were ignorant of pricing strategies and factors to consider when determining, prices for their chickens. Further to that, ignorance of appropriate pricing strategies exposed rural women indigenous chicken breeders to exploitation and loss of revenue. In light of this, the study recommended that workshops be conducted by personnel with an accounting background, to train rural women indigenous chicken breeders on the factors to consider in determining profitable prices for their indigenous chickens. The contribution of this study lies in the development of a framework of factors which rural women indigenous chicken breeders could use as a reference point when determining prices for their indigenous chickens.
50
Sumona, Nasrin Akter, Khondoker Jahengir Alam, Md Yeasin Arafat, and Imam Hasan. "Humoral immune response against Newcastle disease virus and its pathological changes in vaccinated chickens in selected areas of Barisal district in Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i2.48046.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of this study were to evaluate humoral immunity against Newcastle disease (ND) virus in vaccinated chickens in terms of serum HI antibody titers in broiler and layer chickens and to determine pathological changes in vaccinated chickens. A total of 240 serum samples were collected from broiler (135) and layer (105) chickens from Barishal Sadar, Babugonj and Gournadi Upazilas of Barishal district in Bangladesh after two weeks of scheduled vaccination programme. The overall detection of Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against Newcastle disease virus was 62.2% in broiler and 83.8% in layer chickens. The percentages of specific HI antibody titer in broiler chickens were 57.5, 70 and 48 in 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks, and 4-above weeks age groups respectively where in layer chickens were 85, 80, 90, 80 and 80 in 15-24 weeks, 25-34 weeks, 35-44 weeks, 45-54 weeks and > 55 weeks of age groups respectively. For both broiler and layer chicken’s protective antibody titers were found higher in adult than in young chickens. Out of 240 samples HI titers of 172 (71.67%) samples were found at protective level, 42 (17.5%) samples were at marginal level and 26 (10.83%) samples were below protective level. Among 26 samples of non-protective level, 21 were broiler and 5 were layer chicken. Out of 26 samples, 10 (38.46%) were found apparently infected with NDV where 8 (38.09%) were broiler and 2 (40%) were layer. The apparently infected birds were diagnosed on the basis of postmortem findings and histopathological lesions. Results of the present investigation may help to design appropriate vaccination schedule for ND in broiler and layer chickens and thus to protect chickens from ND in field condition.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 155-167