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Chandrasekar, V., and Nitin Bharadwaj. "Orthogonal Channel Coding for Simultaneous Co- and Cross-Polarization Measurements." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1101.1.
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Abstract Dual-polarization weather radars typically measure the radar reflectivity at more than one polarization state for transmission and reception. Historically, dual-polarization radars have been operated at copolar and cross-polar states defined with respect to the transmit polarization states. Recently, based on the improved understanding of the propagation properties of electromagnetic waves in precipitation media, the simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) mode has become common to simplify the hardware. In the STAR mode of operation, horizontal and vertical polarization states are transmitted simultaneously and samples of both horizontal and vertical copolar returns are obtained. A drawback of the current implementation of STAR mode is its inability to measure parameters obtained from cross-polar signals such as linear depolarization ratio (LDR). In this paper, a technique to obtain cross-polar signals with STAR mode waveform is presented. In this technique, the horizontally and vertically polarized transmit waveforms are coded with orthogonal phase sequences. The performance of the phase-coded waveform is determined by the properties of the phase codes. This orthogonal phase coding technique is implemented in the Colorado State University–University of Chicago–Illinois State Water Survey (CSU–CHILL) radar. This paper outlines the methodology and presents the performance of the cross-polar and copolar parameter estimation based on the simulation as well as data collected from the CSU–CHILL radar.
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Frustaci, Fabio, Fanny Spagnolo, Stefania Perri, Giuseppe Cocorullo, and Pasquale Corsonello. "Robust and High-Performance Machine Vision System for Automatic Quality Inspection in Assembly Processes." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082839.
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This paper addresses the problem of automatic quality inspection in assembly processes by discussing the design of a computer vision system realized by means of a heterogeneous multiprocessor system-on-chip. Such an approach was applied to a real catalytic converter assembly process, to detect planar, translational, and rotational shifts of the flanges welded on the central body. The manufacturing line imposed tight time and room constraints. The image processing method and the features extraction algorithm, based on a specific geometrical model, are described and validated. The algorithm was developed to be highly modular, thus suitable to be implemented by adopting a hardware–software co-design strategy. The most timing consuming computational steps were identified and then implemented by dedicated hardware accelerators. The entire system was implemented on a Xilinx Zynq heterogeneous system-on-chip by using a hardware–software (HW–SW) co-design approach. The system is able to detect planar and rotational shifts of welded flanges, with respect to the ideal positions, with a maximum error lower than one millimeter and one sexagesimal degree, respectively. Remarkably, the proposed HW–SW approach achieves a 23× speed-up compared to the pure software solution running on the Zynq embedded processing system. Therefore, it allows an in-line automatic quality inspection to be performed without affecting the production time of the existing manufacturing process.
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Kopacek, Peter, Gernot Kronreif, and Robert Probst. "A modular control system for flexible robotized manufacturing cells." Robotica 17, no. 1 (January 1999): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574799001022.
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In co-operation with an Austrian small sized company, the Institute for Handling Devices and Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology started a project with the goal to reduce the time necessary for planning, programming and set-up of robot equipped manufacturing cells. In this contribution a modular, object-oriented control system for robotized cells is presented. This system ‘C_CTRL' is responsible for all necessary tasks, like sequencing, supervising, controlling of basic functions, error handling, and recording of statistic data. The control system is ‘self-generating' during program start-up – using hardware information from a simple ASCII configuration file. Regardless which and how many components used in a particular cell, there is no additional programming effort for generation of the entire control software.
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Nizigiyimana, J., and P. Chaiwiwatworakul. "Assessment of energy saving and CO2 emission mitigation of low-lift cooling in computer hardware manufacturing industry: A case study in Thailand." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1372, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012062.
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Abstract Released heat from production process contributes the largest proportion of cooling load in computer hardware manufacturing industry. According to traditional design practice, chiller plant produces chilled water at a temperature of 7°C to treat the entire load from the production process and from the comfort air-conditioning in buildings. However, the heat from the process is solely the sensible component where high-temperature chilled water (e.g., 15°C) can be used for the heat removal, the chillers equipped with low temperature-lift technology thus offer a great opportunity to improve the plant’s cooling performance. Under the critical global warming situation and the need of decarbonizing industry, this paper investigated the energy saving and CO2 emission mitigation potential of the low-lift technology by which the chiller plant of high-temperature chilled water (15°C) is dedicated for the production process cooling, and the traditional chiller plant of the low-temperature chilled water is used to serve the building air-conditioning. The study site was a large factory of computer hardware manufacturing in Thailand. Through detailed energy auditing, the cooling load profile of the production process was established, and it was used to design the low-lift chiller plant. The annual simulation results showed that in our study case the low-lift chiller plant together with variable motor speed control had 31.6% higher cooling performance than the traditional chiller plant. The plant could reduce the energy consumption by 5,550 MWhelec/year. As the CO2 emission of the grid power in Thailand was 0.47 kgCO2/kWh in 2023 and it was expected to reduce to 0.35 kgCO2/kWh in 2050, the CO2 emissions from implementing the low-lift cooling could be reduced by 49,400 TonCO2 over a course of the 20-year project lifetime. The study results encouraged the low-lift cooling technology as a practical energy efficiency measure in computer hardware manufacturing industry. To our knowledge, while past research focused on the low-lift cooling in building air-conditioning, the study was the first potential assessment project of the low-lift cooling as a deep decarbonization technology for the computer hardware manufacturing industry in Thailand.
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Shirazi, Babak, Iraj Mahdavi, and Nezam Mahdavi-Amiri. "iCoSim-FMS: An intelligent co-simulator for the adaptive control of complex flexible manufacturing systems." Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 19, no. 7 (August 2011): 1668–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2011.04.003.
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Endo, Yu, Hisao Koizumi, and Katsuhiko Seo. "A Hardware/Software Co-Design Method in Development of ITS Information Processing and Its Verification." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 120, no. 10 (2000): 1118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.120.1118.
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Haemers, Michiel, Clara-Mihaela Ionescu, Kurt Stockman, and Stijn Derammelaere. "Optimal Hardware and Control Co-Design Applied to an Active Car Suspension Setup." Machines 9, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9030055.
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For complex systems, it is not easy to obtain optimal designs for the hardware architecture and control configurations. Every design aspect influences the final performance, and often the interactions of the different components cannot be clearly determined in advance. In this work, a novel co-design optimization method was applied that allows the optimal placement and selection of actuators and sensors to be performed simultaneously with the determination of the control architecture and associated controller tuning parameters. This novel co-design method was applied to a state-space model of a downscaled active car suspension laboratory setup. This setup mimics a car driving over a specific road surface while active components in the suspension have to increase the driver’s comfort by counteracting unwanted vibrations. The result of this co-design optimization methodology is a Pareto front that graphically represents the trade-off between the maximum performance and the total implementation cost; the co-design results were validated with measurements of the physical active car suspension setup. The obtained controller tuning parameters are compared herein with existing controller tuning methods to demonstrate that the co-design method is able to determine optimal controller tuning parameters.
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Le, Tran Ngoc. "Optimization of design for mechatronic system based on virtual prototyping technology." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K5 (August 31, 2017): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik5.1159.
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According to the traditional design method, in order to manufacture a mechatronic system, from the initial idea, the designer designs the mechanical system by CAD (Computer-Aided-Design), this system is then fabricated, finally, the system will be tested on the working condition. If the system does not work properly, the design of the system will be changed, and hardware is re-manufactured. This method is more time-consuming and cost for repairing and manufacturing hardware repeatedly. To save design time and reduce the cost of the manufacturing hardware as well as to optimize the design process of a mechatronics system, this paper introduces an engineering model it is called a virtual prototyping technology which allows optimizing the designs on the computer before manufacturing the test-bed system. Based on the concept of the system working, the mechatronics system is designed on SOLIDWORKS and then exported to the ADAMS software (Automated Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical System). The flexible element is also modeling and analysis in ANSYS software then exported to ADAMS. The integrated simulation in ADAMS environment is executed to investigate the dynamic behaviors of the mechanical system and design will be adjusted. Virtual prototyping model will then be exported to MATLAB/Simulink to develop the control strategies. Co-simulation results in some contexts to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mechatronic system before implementing on test-bed
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Jain, A., S. M. Alam, S. Pozder, and R. E. Jones. "Thermal–electrical co-optimisation of floorplanning of three-dimensional integrated circuits under manufacturing and physical design constraints." IET Computers & Digital Techniques 5, no. 3 (2011): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cdt.2009.0107.
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Skýpala, Richard, and Roman Ružarovský. "The Role of a Behavioural Model for the Virtual Commissioning of Robotic Manufacturing Systems." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 30, no. 50 (June 1, 2022): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2022-0006.
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Abstract This paper focuses on virtual commissioning of a robotic manufacturing system, its theoretical background, and an analysis of its importance in the design of automated and robotic systems. Virtual commissioning allows the PLC control program to be tested and debugged on a created digital model of the machine, called a digital twin of the machine. Just this solution can simulate and optimize the automated system design itself without the need to have real hardware (PLC, automation elements, or the whole machine/equipment). Virtual commissioning offers an effective alternative to reduce the risks and effort of real commissioning of the machine. This makes it possible to reduce the time to market and increase flexibility, efficiency, and quality. Virtual commissioning in a single-control system is a simple solution; we can either use the Software-in-the-Loop method with emulated PLC control, simulated behavioural model, and co-simulation model or Hardware-in-the-Loop method with real controller. The problem appears when we have various types of controller, including an industrial robot controller. The paper deals with the theoretical background and partial outlines of solutions in the use of different types of the control system, if interconnections or emulators for different control systems are available. The recommended solution is to use a separate solution for the 3D simulation of the robotic system and an independent solution for the behavioural model, which will be tested in the future.
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Olivares-Aguila, Jessica, and Hoda ElMaraghy. "Co-development of product and supplier platform." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 54 (January 2020): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.01.010.
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SASTRÉ-HERNÁNDEZ, J., R. MENDOZA-PÉREZ, M. L. ALBOR-AGUILERA, D. JIMÉNEZ-OLARTE, G. SANTANA, M. TUFIÑO-VELÁZQUEZ, A. MORALES-ACEVEDO, and G. CONTRERAS-PUENTE. "SYSTEMATIZED AND SIMPLIFIED PROCESSING OF CuInGaSe2 THIN FILMS TO BE APPLIED ON SOLAR CELLS." Chalcogenide Letters 17, no. 2 (February 2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2020.172.69.
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Results of processing and characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films growth by thermal co-evaporation with adequate physical properties to be used in solar cells are presented in this work. Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) as window material with 40 nm of thickness were deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. A Molybdenum (Mo) layer was deposited as back contact on CIGS solar cells. Different CIGS thin films were processed by a simplified co-evaporation technique and revealed a good polycrystalline quality with an alfa-chalcopyrite phase. The stoichiometry of the CIGS thin films can be accurately controlled using a fully automated single vacuum photovoltaics manufacturing system. Automated system operations (ASO) is the set of software and hardware that allows computer systems, network devices or machines to function without any manual intervention. ASOs allow computer systems to work without a human operator physically located at the site where the system is installed. CIGS solar cells fabricated in this work, showed photovoltaic efficiencies close to 11 %.
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Manirampa, D., and P. Chaiwiwatworakul. "CO2 emission mitigation of a hybrid photovoltaic and cogeneration system in computer hardware manufacturing industry: A case study in Thailand." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1372, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1372/1/012063.
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Abstract In the wake of COP26 and the growing urgency of addressing climate change, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 has become a central global objective. This imperative extends to industries like computer hardware manufacturing, which are now actively pursuing decarbonization strategies through the strategic adoption of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency enhancements. This research paper assessed the CO2 emission mitigation potential of a hybrid system of photovoltaic (PV) roof and cogeneration where a large factory of computer hardware manufacturing in tropical Thailand was selected as a study site. On one hand, a one-Megawatt photovoltaic system was installed over the roof of the production building to generate electricity from solar radiation to serve the building. On the other hand, a twenty-four-Megawatt cogeneration system of gas engines as the prime mover was used to supply power to meet the building’s electricity demand. Waste heat from the gas engine was used by the absorption chiller to generate chilled water for cooling inside the building. Based on the system equipment specifications, the annual simulation using Thailand’s solar radiation showed that the installed photovoltaic system could generate electricity of 1,412.4 MWhelec/year while the implementation of the absorption chillers for cooling helped to reduce the electrical energy consumed by the traditional electric chiller by 10,211.4 MWhelec/year. In our study case where the CO2 emission of the grid power was 0.4758 kgCO2/kWhelec in the year 2022 and was reduced to 0.350 kgCO2/kWhelec in the year 2050, the total CO2 emission mitigation from the hybrid photovoltaic and cogeneration system with the genset efficiency of 50% and the waste heat recovery of 60% could reduce approximately 207,388.5TonCO2 for over 20 years as compared to the scenario where the grid electricity alone powered the building. These findings underscored the critical role of the proposed hybrid system in addressing the climate crisis and exemplified how the industry could make meaningful strides toward more environmental sustainability.
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Rahman, S. M. Mizanoor. "Dynamic Affect-Based Motion Planning of a Humanoid Robot for Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly in Manufacturing." Electronics 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2024): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061044.
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The objective was to investigate the impacts of the robot’s dynamic affective expressions in task-related scenarios on human–robot collaboration (HRC) and performance in human–robot collaborative assembly tasks in flexible manufacturing. A human–robot hybrid cell was developed to facilitate a human co-worker and a robot to collaborate to assemble a few parts into a final product. The collaborative robot was a humanoid manufacturing robot with the ability to display its affective states due to changes in task scenarios on its face. The assembly task was divided into several subtasks, and based on an optimization strategy, the subtasks were optimally allocated to the human and the robot. A computational model of the robot’s affective states was derived inspired by that of humans following the biomimetic approach, and an affect-based motion planning strategy for the robot was proposed to enable the robot to adjust its motions and behaviors with task situations and communicate (inform) the situations to the human co-worker through affective expressions. The HRC and the assembly performance for the affect-based motion planning were experimentally evaluated based on a comprehensive evaluation scheme and were compared with two alternative conditions: (i) motion planning that did not display affective states, and (ii) motion planning that displayed text messages instead of displaying affective states to communicate the situations to the human co-worker. The results clearly showed that the dynamic affect-based motion planning produced significantly better HRC and assembly performance than that produced by motion planning associated with the display of no affective states or text messages. The results encouraged employing manufacturing robots with dynamic affective expressions to collaborate with humans in flexible assembly in manufacturing to improve HRC and assembly performance.
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Chung, Yao-Liang, Zheng-Lin Wu, and Pit Pichappan. "Application of deep learning and statistical methods in predicting Taiwanese stock trends." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 24, no. 3 (June 17, 2024): 2017–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-230021.
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Since its inception, the stock market has been a topic of considerable interest. Its variation and the complexity of integrating technology into the stock market have made it difficult for stock market trends to be fully understood. Various metrics and analytical approaches have been proposed in response to such changes, ranging from purely technical metrics to hardware upgrades. The widespread application of deep learning in the stock market, from basic metrics (opening price, closing price, highest price, lowest price, trading volume) to machine learning in sentiment analysis, further increases the possibility of increasing profits. Some front-end techniques, such as noise reduction through mathematical models, enhance the accuracy of deep learning models. However, few studies have centered on predicting long-term stock price changes. The traditional moving average (MA) cannot rapidly reflect drastic changes on its curve even though it can display trends; therefore, this study proposes an MA-based approach that improves the 200-day MA such that its delayed response to actual prices in real-time can be overcome. This deep learning model training was performed by combining 200-day MA data with two other types of MA data, thereby creating a new approach to metric analysis. The sample consisted of stocks of 13 Taiwanese companies with a high market cap: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd., MediaTek Inc., Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd., Fubon Financial Holding Co., Ltd., Cathay Financial Holding Co., Ltd., Nan Ya Plastics Corp., United Microelectronics Corp., Delta Electronics, Inc., CTBC Financial Holding Co., Ltd., Mega Financial Holding Co., Ltd., Formosa Chemicals & Fibre Corp., Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., and Formosa Plastics Corp. Through multiple evaluation metrics, the experimental results revealed that the proposed model performed better in general than the traditional MA model for all stocks.
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Huang, Sihan, Baicun Wang, Xingyu Li, Pai Zheng, Dimitris Mourtzis, and Lihui Wang. "Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0—Comparison, complementation and co-evolution." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 64 (July 2022): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.07.010.
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Canainn, Aodh ó. "Massachusetts nua darb ainm Caillimh?Athchultúrú fhochomhlachtaí: Digital Equipment Corporation." Irish Journal of Sociology 5, no. 1 (May 1995): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160359500500105.
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This paper examines the acculturation programme which Digital Equipment Corporation has used with success to co-ordinate its world-wide activities. It is critical of the misuse of cultural concepts by some management authors and questions their talk of ‘shared values’. Employees accept the official values of the company as coordinates of work rather than internalising them. In Digital this is not difficult as the declared values are such that most people are happy to accept them as guidelines for management practices. Taking the former hardware manufacturing operation of the Ballybrit factory as an example, the aims of an acculturation programme are examined. The question of whether or not a local culture can be a match for a strong organisational culture is considered. The author concludes that Irish culture is no match for Digital culture in the workplace but that company culture has little or no influence outside it.
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Al-Yacoub, Ali, Myles Flanagan, Achim Buerkle, Thomas Bamber, Pedro Ferreira, Ella-Mae Hubbard, and Niels Lohse. "Data-Driven Modelling of Human-Human Co-Manipulation Using Force and Muscle Surface Electromyogram Activities." Electronics 10, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131509.
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With collaborative robots and the recent developments in manufacturing technologies, physical interactions between humans and robots represent a vital role in performing collaborative tasks. Most previous studies have focused on robot motion planning and control during the execution of the task. However, further research is required for direct physical contact for human-robot or robot-robot interactions, such as co-manipulation. In co-manipulation, a human operator manipulates a shared load with a robot through a semi-structured environment. In such scenarios, a multi-contact point with the environment during the task execution results in a convoluted force/toque signature that is difficult to interpret. Therefore, in this paper, a muscle activity sensor in the form of an electromyograph (EMG) is employed to improve the mapping between force/torque and displacements in co-manipulation tasks. A suitable mapping was identified by comparing the root mean square error amongst data-driven models, mathematical models, and hybrid models. Thus, a robot was shown to effectively and naturally perform the required co-manipulation with a human. This paper’s proposed hypotheses were validated using an unseen test dataset and a simulated co-manipulation experiment, which showed that the EMG and data-driven model improved the mapping of the force/torque features into displacements.
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Avetisyan, Anna, Marina Markaryan, Dinesh Rokaya, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Zohaib Khurshid, Anna Vardanyan, and Artak Heboyan. "Characteristics of Periodontal Tissues in Prosthetic Treatment with Fixed Dental Prostheses." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051331.
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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of various types of fixed prostheses on periodontal tissues and explore the association of gingival biotype and gum recession in relation to prosthesis types. The study participants (N = 95) were divided into three groups based on the type of dental prosthesis: Group-I: cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) ceramic prosthesis fabricated by the conventional method (n = 35); Group-II: consisted of patients with Co-Cr ceramic prostheses fabricated by a computer-aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique (n = 30); and Group-III: zirconia-based prostheses fabricated by the CAD/CAM technique (n = 30). Following the use of prostheses, periodontal examinations were performed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Modified Approximal Plaque Index (MAPI). In addition, the gingival biotype was examined using a probe transparency method. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 20 (IBM Company, Chicago, IL, USA), was used to analyze the results, and the significance level was set at p = 0.05. It showed the MAPI results after the use of prosthetic rehabilitation for 12 months of periodontitis in 87.9% ± 15.4 of patients in Group-I, in 80.6% ± 17.97 in those in Group-II, and in 62.5% ± 21.4 in those in Group-III (p < 0.01). The CPI index results indicated a high prevalence of periodontal disease in all groups. The number of people with healthy periodontium constituted 17.1% of patients in Group-I, 24.2% in Group-II, and 37.1% in Group-III. Our study concluded that prosthetic treatment with periodontal diseases showed better outcomes while using dental prostheses fabricated by the CAD/CAM technique compared to the conventionally fabricated dental prostheses. The thin gingival biotype is more often associated with gingival recession than the thick biotype.
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Wang, Quan, Ruigao Min, and Wei Fang. "Large-scale global optimisation using cooperative co-evolution with self-adaptive differential grouping." International Journal of Automation and Control 15, no. 1 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaac.2021.10033302.
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Fang, Wei, Ruigao Min, and Quan Wang. "Large-scale global optimisation using cooperative co-evolution with self-adaptive differential grouping." International Journal of Automation and Control 15, no. 1 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaac.2021.111752.
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Okubo, Tsuneo, Mitsuo Ikeda, Yutaka Tashiro, Toshio Kondo, Ryota Kasai, Hiroshi Kotera, and Tetsuma Sakurai. "Concurrent and collaborative methodologies in short TAT LSI design and manufacturing." Systems and Computers in Japan 30, no. 7 (June 30, 1999): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(19990630)30:7<79::aid-scj9>3.0.co;2-q.
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Yoldan, Elif Ece, Nurullah Türker, Ulviye Ş. Büyükkaplan, Mehmet M. Özarslan, Recep Karalı, and Ahmet T. Deniz. "Evaluation of the Bond Strengths between Dental Porcelain and Cobalt-Chromium Metal Frameworks Manufactured with Different Techniques after the Thermal Aging Process." Scanning 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9315236.
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Purpose. The present study is aimed at examining the bond strength of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) metal frameworks, prepared through different techniques, to a single type of low-temperature porcelain system after the thermal aging process. Methods. A hundred and twenty Co-Cr alloy framework specimens were prepared using conventional casting, CAD/CAM, and two commercially different laser sintering devices, and dental porcelain was applied to the specimens. A single type of dental porcelain (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was applied to the specimens. After the subgroups were determined, half of the specimens were subjected to a thermal aging process. Bond strength of specimens was evaluated using a 3-point bending test. The surfaces of the fractured specimens were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. The metal-porcelain bonding area of samples randomly selected from 8 groups has been examined with SEM under ×1000 magnifications. Normality distribution of obtained data was examined using by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The obtained data of the present study was statistically analyzed with a statistical package program (SPSS for Windows 22.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Results. There was a statistically significant difference between CAD/CAM and the other three methods, and the bonding value of the CAD/CAM group was the highest among the groups. Besides, the bond strength between dental porcelain and 4 differently produced metal frameworks was high enough to surpass the acceptable threshold (>25 MPa) according to the ISO 9693. There was no statistically significant difference between thermal aging applied and nonapplied groups. Conclusions. Based on this study, it could be shown that the metal-ceramic bond strength is dependent on the manufacturing method used, but it is independent of the thermal aging application. It was found that the bond strength values of all samples with and without thermal aging application exceeded the minimum acceptable value of 25 MPa recommended by the ISO 9693.
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Chen, Liang-Tu. "Dynamic co-opetitive approach of a closed loop system with remanufacturing for deteriorating items in e-markets." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 33, no. 1 (January 2014): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2013.11.002.
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Phillips, Robert. "Design insights for socially-led interventions." Journal of Design, Business & Society 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dbs.5.1.7_1.
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Design has become an accessible tool for organizations to create impactful outputs. These topics have diverged from mere retail to include: economic prospects, technological paradigms, social empowerment, sustainable resources, citizen-led opportunities and challenges that cross demographics, societies and cultures. Accessible technologies and the reduction of barriers to pilot funding have (in part) enabled the advancement of these socially-led responses through design. ‘Enablers’ take many forms including: digital manufacturing, accessible hardware, design platforms and smart technologies, all challenging what ‘designed products’ are as the ‘product’ is a social impact or intervention. The work mines embedded knowledge from successful award-winning organizations, which have not publically shared their unique insights. The work analyses an interview series of 60 plus CEOs, founders and co-founders of socially-led organizations with both design and non-design origins. The work identifies socially-led design ‘architectures’, highlighting issues, lessons and transferable insights. The study includes global organizations occupying territories of: not-for-profits, commercial practices, grass roots organizations, science practitioners, community-led ventures and intellectual property enterprises, selected from leading awards. The article identifies insights leading towards ‘socially-led product architecture’, and repeatable lessons, for non-design and design audiences.
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Li, Ethan, Amy T. Lam, Tamar Fuhrmann, Len Erikson, Mike Wirth, Mark L. Miller, Paulo Blikstein, and Ingmar H. Riedel-Kruse. "DIY liquid handling robots for integrated STEM education and life science research." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): e0275688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275688.
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Automation has played a key role in improving the safety, accuracy, and efficiency of manufacturing and industrial processes and has the potential to greatly increase throughput in the life sciences. However, the lack of accessible entry-point automation hardware in life science research and STEM education hinders its widespread adoption and development for life science applications. Here we investigate the design of a low-cost (~$150) open-source DIY Arduino-controlled liquid handling robot (LHR) featuring plastic laser-cut parts. The robot moves in three axes with 0.5 mm accuracy and reliably dispenses liquid down to 20 μL. The open source, modular design allows for flexibility and easy modification. A block-based programming interface (Snap4Arduino) further extends the accessibility of this robot, encouraging adaptation and use by educators, hobbyists and beginner programmers. This robot was co-designed with teachers, and we detail the teachers’ feedback in the context of a qualitative study. We conclude that affordable and accessible LHRs similar to this one could provide a useful educational tool to be deployed in classrooms, and LHR-based curricula may encourage interest in STEM and effectively introduce automation technology to life science enthusiasts.
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Ouda, A. N., Jing Ren, Moustafa El Gindy, and Amr Mohamed. "Processor-in-the-loop co-simulations and control system design for a scaled autonomous multi-wheeled combat vehicle." International Journal of Automation and Control 14, no. 2 (2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaac.2020.10026875.
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Mohamed, Amr, A. N. Ouda, Jing Ren, and Moustafa El Gindy. "Processor-in-the-loop co-simulations and control system design for a scaled autonomous multi-wheeled combat vehicle." International Journal of Automation and Control 14, no. 2 (2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaac.2020.105516.
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Geldmacher, J., and J. Götze. "Improved fault tolerance of Turbo decoding based on optimized index assignments." Advances in Radio Science 12 (November 10, 2014): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-12-187-2014.
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Abstract. This paper investigates the impact of an error-prone buffer memory on a channel decoder as employed in modern digital communication systems. On one hand this work is motivated by the fact that energy efficient decoder implementations may not only be achieved by optimizations on algorithmic level, but also by chip-level modifications. One of such modifications is so called aggressive voltage scaling of buffer memories, which, while achieving reduced power consumption, also injects errors into the likelihood values used during the decoding process. On the other hand, it has been recognized that the ongoing increase of integration density with smaller structures makes integrated circuits more sensitive to process variations during manufacturing, and to voltage and temperature variations. This may lead to a paradigm shift from 100 %-reliable operation to fault tolerant signal processing. Both reasons are the motivation to discuss the required co-design of algorithms and underlying circuits. For an error-prone receive buffer of a Turbo decoder the influence of quantizer design and index assignment on the error resilience of the decoding algorithm is discussed. It is shown that a suitable design of both enables a compensation of hardware induced bits errors with rates up to 1 % without increasing the computational complexity of the decoder.
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Moretti, Michele, Federico Bianchi, and Nicola Senin. "Towards the development of a smart fused filament fabrication system using multi-sensor data fusion for in-process monitoring." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 1249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2019-0167.
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Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the integration of multiple heterogeneous sensors into a fused filament fabrication (FFF) system and the implementation of multi-sensor data fusion technologies to support the development of a “smart” machine capable of monitoring the manufacturing process and part quality as it is being built. Design/methodology/approach Starting from off-the-shelf FFF components, the paper discusses the issues related to how the machine architecture and the FFF process itself must be redesigned to accommodate heterogeneous sensors and how data from such sensors can be integrated. The usefulness of the approach is discussed through illustration of detectable, example defects. Findings Through aggregation of heterogeneous in-process data, a smart FFF system developed upon the architectural choices discussed in this work has the potential to recognise a number of process-related issues leading to defective parts. Research limitations/implications Although the implementation is specific to a type of FFF hardware and type of processed material, the conclusions are of general validity for material extrusion processes of polymers. Practical implications Effective in-process sensing enables timely detection of process or part quality issues, thus allowing for early process termination or application of corrective actions, leading to significant savings for high value-added parts. Originality/value While most current literature on FFF process monitoring has focused on monitoring selected process variables, in this work a wider perspective is gained by aggregation of heterogeneous sensors, with particular focus on achieving co-localisation in space and time of the sensor data acquired within the same fabrication process. This allows for the detection of issues that no sensor alone could reliably detect.
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Xie, Liangtao, Sicong Sun, and Fei Dong. "The Non-Uniformity Control Strategy of a Marine High-Speed Diesel Engine Based on Each Cylinder’s Exhaust Temperature." Processes 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2023): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041068.
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To improve the non-uniformity of a multi-cylinder marine diesel engine caused by manufacturing assembly errors and performance degradation of the fuel injection system, with the instantaneous speed applied as the control target, the feedback variable of each cylinder’s exhaust temperature was used to obtain the non-uniformity information and the injection quantity of each cylinder was applied as the control variable; the inhomogeneity control was accomplished by modifying the injection pulse spectrum. The model of AVL Cruise M was established and validated by bench test data. The non-uniformity control strategy based on the instantaneous speed and the exhaust temperature of each cylinder was developed in SIMULINK, and the control effect was compared with the closed-loop control of cylinder pressure by software in-loop simulation. The results showed that the non-uniformity control strategy based on exhaust temperature could significantly improve the uniformity of each cylinder; although the improvement effect was not as great as the non-uniformity control strategy based on cylinder pressure, the cost was significantly reduced, and the practicality and reliability were better. With the closed-loop control of exhaust temperature and instantaneous speed, the CV (Coefficient of Variation) of IMEP (indicated effective pressure) was close to the closed-loop control of cylinder pressure; the maximum occurred at 25% load when it was 0.199%. This co-simulation provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent hardware-in-the-loop simulation and actual engine tests.
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Fan, Zhixian, Yang Yan, Xiangyu Wang, and Haizhu Xu. "Path Tracking Control of Commercial Vehicle Considering Roll Stability Based on Fuzzy Linear Quadratic Theory." Machines 11, no. 3 (March 13, 2023): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11030382.
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Commercial vehicles generally drive at a higher speed on structured expressways, and their higher center of mass leads to a lower rollover threshold and a greater rollover risk while steering. Therefore, the design of a lateral trajectory-tracking control strategy for commercial vehicles should not only consider the accuracy of trajectory tracking but also consider roll stability. Based on this control objective, a fuzzy linear quadratic controller was designed in this study to ensure rolling stability in the path-tracking control process and improve the adaptability of the strategy to the driving scenario. Firstly, a steering and braking cooperative control model based on the four-degree-of-freedom model and the multi-point preview model was established. Then, a path tracking controller considering roll stability was designed based on the linear quadratic theory. On this basis, a fuzzy linear quadratic controller was designed to realize the online optimization of cost function weights. Finally, the effectiveness of the control strategy was verified using co-simulation and hardware-in-loop experiments. The results show that the designed controller can effectively adjust the weight of path-tracking and stability according to the vehicle’s state. This effectively improves the vehicle’s control distribution problem.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Melonee Wise, CEO, Fetch Robotics." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-03-2016-0086.
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Purpose The following paper is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned successful business leader, regarding the commercialization and challenges of bringing technological inventions to market while overseeing a company. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Melonee Wise, an entrepreneur and veteran robot designer. In this interview, Wise candidly discusses her career journey, including the successes and lessons learned in the transitioning from an engineer to the CEO of two robotic start-up companies in just six years. Findings Melonee Wise had a love for building mechanical things since childhood. At the age of eight, she built and programmed a plotter out of Legos. Wise received BS degrees in mechanical engineering and physics engineering, and an MS degree in mechanical engineering from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. While in school, Wise spent her summers interning at Alcoa, DaimlerChrysler and Honeywell Aerospace. She was able to parlay her passion of building robots when she had the opportunity to work on the DARPA Urban Challenge through her university. From there, Wise joined the start-up Willow Garage as a Senior Engineer in 2007. In 2013, she left her position as Manager of Robot Development at Willow to co-found Unbounded Robotics. When Unbounded unexpectedly shut down 18 months later, Ms Wise gave birth to Fetch Robotics, a manufacturer of autonomous and affordable robots for the warehouse and logistics industries. Originality/value Melonee Wise is an ambitious robot engineer-turned-entrepreneur in pursuit of fast-paced career and personal growth, and taking on unprecedented challenges. After interning at three large US manufacturing companies, Wise decided to pursue her PhD until the right company and opportunity came along. In 2007, she was asked by a Willow Garage co-founder to leave her PhD studies and join them as their second employee. Willow Garage, the creator of Robot Operating System (ROS) open source software and the PR2 hardware platforms, would go on to become one of the most significant robot incubators of the decade. Wise was one of the co-creators of TurtleBot, a consumer robotics product developed in nine months, and she helped with the design of the PR2 and ROS. Additionally, while at Willow Garage, Wise created the Intern Program, increasing the number of interns from one to over 60. Melonee Wise spun-off Unbounded Robotics in 2013 and headed Fetch Robotics in 2014. Wise and Fetch recently raised more than US$20 million in Series A funding. Wise holds the patent for a steering column lock assembly and has been honored with the prestigious awards: MIT Technology Review’s 35 Innovators under 35; The 2014 Business Insider’s 15 Most Important People Working in Robotics; and Robohub’s 2013 25 Women in Robotics you need to know about.
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Lin, Shipeng, Jiming Fang, Tianchen Ye, Yan Tao, Shengshun Duan, and Jun Wu. "A Passive, Skin-Attachable Multi-Sensing Patch Based on Semi-Liquid Alloy Ni-GaIn for Wireless Epidermal Signal Monitoring and Body Motion Capturing." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 2778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222778.
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Wearable integrated systems that rely on liquid metal commonly require an extremely complicated, high-cost fabrication process, while lacking multiple sensing functions without conductive wires connected to external electronic systems. A multi-sensing wearable patch independent from sophisticated manufacturing method and excessive use of wires has yet to be developed. Herein, we introduce a wireless, battery-free, and skin-attachable patch with multiple sensing capacities, utilizing a low-budget, less time-consuming and design-customizable fabrication method. In an effort to achieve our goal, the general sensing system architecture is promoted, which consists of a semi-liquid alloy Ni-GaIn based strain sensor and a co-designed near-field-communication (NFC) tag integrating thermistor, photoresistor, as well as sensor interface circuits, enabling energy-autonomous power supply and wireless data transmission. In human volunteers, the patch was mounted on the skin surface to demonstrate real-time temperature and light intensity signal monitoring. Further evaluation of body motion capturing involved finger bending and swallowing, demonstrating the feasibility of practical applications in different scenarios. Continuous and simultaneous multi-type signal sensing using the wearable patch should enrich the dimensions of measurements of body response to daily activities, unveiling the potential for remote human health monitoring, advanced human–machine interfaces, and other applications of interest.
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Alemayehu, Getachew, Ramesh Babu Nallamothu, Deresse Firew, and Rajendiran Gopal. "Experimental Investigation on Impact of EGR Configuration on Exhaust Emissions in Optimized PCCI-DI Diesel Engine." Journal of Engineering 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5688842.
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The main objective of this work is to analyse the impact of different EGR configurations (no EGR, cold EGR, and hot EGR) on exhaust emissions of PCCI-DI engine. Methanol port injection, dieseline direct injection, advanced injection timing, and different EGR rates were adapted and optimized on the baseline engine. A hybrid algorithm of grey relational analysis with the Taguchi method was implemented for optimization. Results were compared among the PCCI-DI combustion strategy with the baseline using cold EGR, hot EGR, and no EGR configurations. Both cold and hot EGR configurations resulted in lower emission of NOx plus smoke at different loads. At low loads, hot EGR showed promising results of lower HC and CO than the cold EGR with a difference of 18.33% and 33.3%, respectively. NOx and smoke reductions simultaneously and better trade-offs were obtained using cold EGR configuration.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Robert Ambrose, Chief, Software, Robotics and Simulation Division at NASA." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, no. 4 (June 15, 2015): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2015-0071.
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Purpose – This paper, a “Q & A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal, aims to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. Design/methodology/approach – The interviewee is Dr Robert Ambrose, Chief, Software, Robotics and Simulation Division at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. As a young child, even before he started school, Dr Ambrose knew, after seeing the Apollo 11 moonshot, that he wanted to work for NASA. Dr Ambrose describes his career journey into space robotics and shares his teams’ experiences and the importance of the development of Robonaut, a humanoid robotic project designed to work with humans both on Earth and in space. Findings – Dr Ambrose received his MS and BS degrees in mechanical engineering from Washington University in St. Louis, and his PhD in mechanical engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. Dr Ambrose heads the flight spacecraft software, space robotics and system simulations for human spaceflight missions. He oversees on-orbit robotic systems for the International Space Station (ISS), the development of software for the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and future human spaceflight systems, simulations for engineering development and training, hardware in the loop facilities for anomaly resolution and crew training and the technology branch for development of new robotic systems. Dr Ambrose also serves as a Principal Investigator for NASA’s Space Technologies Mission Directorate, overseeing research and formulating new starts in the domains of robotics and autonomous systems. He co-chairs the Office of the Chief Technologist (OCT) Robotics, Tele-Robotics and Autonomous Systems roadmap team for the agency’s technology program, and is the robotics lead for the agency’s human spaceflight architecture study teams. Working with the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), Dr Ambrose is the Technical Point of Contact for NASA’s collaboration in the National Robotics Initiative (NRI). Originality/value – Dr Ambrose not only realized his own childhood dream by pursuing a career at NASA, but he also fulfilled a 15-year national dream by putting the first humanoid robot into space. After seeking a graduate university that would allow him to do research at NASA, it didn’t take long for Dr Ambrose to foresee that the importance of NASA’s future would be in robots and humans working side-by-side. Through the leadership of Dr Ambrose, NASA formed a strategic partnership with General Motors (GM) and together they built Robonaut, a highly dexterous, anthropomorphic robot. The latest Robonaut version, R2, has nearly 50 patents available for licensing. One of the many technology spinoffs from R2 is the innovative Human Grasp Assist device, or Robo-Glove, designed to increase the strength of a human’s grasp.
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Kotteda, Tarun Kumar, Sudheer Kumar Varma Namburi, Prasada Raju Kantheti, Ravi Varma Penmetsa, and Velivela Lakshmikanth Chowdary. "CFD Simulation of Pressure and Velocity Drop on Y-Type Fuel Injectors." Journal of Engineering 2022 (July 15, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2933444.
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Hydrocarbon injection is an important stage in combustion, where the atomisation process is involved the atomisation process which consists of disintegrating the fuel into small droplets, through an injector to add more transfer area, the fuel, through an injector to add more transfer area. The size of droplet size generated by the injector must be less than 80 μm to ensure good combustion and avoid combustion and avoid pollutants such as CO and NOx. This research worked with ethanol, a low-emission hydrocarbon, which has a high viscosity which makes it difficult to achieve the correct droplet diameter. This type of study needs to be both theoretical and experimental with simulation being a great tool to replace the latter. The finite element method included in the Flow Simulation package of the SolidWorks software was used in this research. The Flow Simulation package of the SolidWorks software was used, where a Y-type injector was sketched to be evaluated. The dynamic simulation helped to measure the velocity field, at the outlet of the air nozzle, a cavity with a diameter of 0.4 mm, which helps to increase the kinetic energy of the air. The kinetic energy of the fluid obtains the highest values of the Mach number in this area.
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Das, Riton Kumer, Md Abu Mowazzem Hossain, Md Tazul Islam, Sajal Chandra Banik, and Md Golam Hafez. "Effects of Front Total Toe-In Angle on Tire Wear and Emissions for a Light-Duty Vehicle." Journal of Engineering 2024 (March 18, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5723254.
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An experimental investigation is carried out in this study to investigate the effect of wheel alignment, particularly the front total toe-in angle, on tire wear and emissions for a light-duty vehicle. Such investigations reveal that there is a substantial correlation among rolling resistance, energy consumption, tire wear, tire travel life, and the total toe-in angle of the front wheel. It is observed that the rate of loss in tire travel life with regard to a condition without misalignment is up to 98.33% when the front total toe-in angle is out of alignment (ranging from 0.00° to 4.20°). It is found that rolling resistance increases by about 128.86%, while CO2, CO, and NOx emissions rise by nearly 36.67%, 26.83%, and 31.25%, respectively, as the front total toe-in angle increases from 0.00° to 4.20°. The experimental results also reveal that tire circumferential groove wear is observed at 0.04 mm after the vehicle’s travelling distance of 500 km, where the front total toe-in angle is 0.00°, and the tire travelling life is 92250 km. In addition, the tire circumferential groove wear is investigated as 2.40 mm after the vehicle’s travelling distance and tire travel life are recorded to be 3,500 km and 1537.50 km, respectively, due to the occurrence of misalignment (the front total toe-in angle is 4.20°). Finally, a regression model is proposed using the test data. Such a model would be useful to explain the relationship between the related factors and determine the rate of tire wear and emissions. It is noteworthy that the wheels should always remain aligned in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications in order to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the tires
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Ganvir, V. N., and S. J. Sathe. "Biodegradation of imidacloprid in liquid media by an isolated soil bacteria Cytobacillus firmus strain VG5." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 01 (2023): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.065.
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Imidacloprid (IMI), a neonicotinoid-class synthetic organic insecticide has the potential to have a negative influence on ecosystems and human health, and it has been identified as an emerging pollutant in all parts of the world in recent years. Microbial degradation is an efficient, clean and environmentally acceptable technique over physical and chemical methods for the bioremediation of organic contaminants like IMI. Our aim was to evaluate the ability of soil isolate Cytobacillus firmus strain VG5 to degrade IMI in MSM medium with glucose as a co-substrate. In liquid media, degradation was initially confirmed by nitrate reduction test. VG5 reduced IMI into guanidine with the removal of NO2- group and showed up to 87% degradation in 7 days. Spots with different Rf values on TLC sheet were identified by HPLC and GC-MS/ MS techniques as imidacloprid guanidine and 6-chloronicotinic acid based on respective standard spectra and m/z ratio. Strain VG5 showed potential to reduce pesticide pollution and further studies should be conducted to understand the degradation mechanism of IMI in soil under in- situ conditions.
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Putti, Nandan, Asmath Qureshi, Latha Sarma, and Mohit Chilana KA. "Monitoring of pulmonary function in people dwelling and working in and near cement factory area." Journal of Medical and Scientific Research 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2015/3-6.
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Indian cement industry is the second largest in the world. With growing industrialization more and more people are involved in industrial occupation, who are prone to serious health hazards. In the present study we focus on pulmonary function tests (PFT) the changed values correlating with the duration of stay and type of occupation in the cement factory area. A base line demographic and patient data of work and stay was taken with the help of questionnaires designed as data collection form. Patients were sent for pulmonary function test which was done by an experienced PFT technician. Mean age of study subjects was found out to be 40.54 years (± 8.91). The different occupations of subjects staying in the said areas can be summarized as 8 house wives, 22 technicians, 4 hospital workers, 6 mine workers, 6 security personnel and 3 drivers. Mean duration of work and stay was found out to be 13.08 years (± 10.55) and 16.78 years (± 13.32) respectively. The mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was found out to be 71.28 (± 20.74) whereas peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was found to be 68.1 (± 17.20). 6 subjects had a history of asthma, 13 had dust allergy, 18 had shortness of breath functional class (FC) - grade III, and 2 patients working in mines had silicosis. There was a negative correlation between duration of stay and FEV1, PEFR with a co-efficient of correlation being -0.4 (p-value 0.29) & -0.43 (p-value 0.1) also the duration of work and FEV1, PEFR with a co-efficient of correlation being -0.51 (p-value 0.4) & -0.3 (p-value 0.7). Key words: Cement factory; pulmonary function tests; forced expiratory volume; peak expiratory flow rate; occupational lung diseases.
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Munir, Gulshan, Sadia Farhad, Shaista Alam, Asma Azim, Saman Hussain, Sikandar Ali Khan, Khadija Raziq, Sudhair Abbas Bangash, Inam-U. Llah, and Hina Mir. "Epidemiology and Susceptibility Profile of Aspergillus Species: An Experience from Tertiary Care Hospital." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 634–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167634.
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Objective: The primary emphasis of our research is on people with hematologic malignancies, and we want to learn more about the features of clinical and environmental Aspergillus isolates by doing so. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: This study was carried out at Department of Pathology, Mardan Medical Complex from October 2021 to March 2022 Methods: There were 160 patients of both genders included in this study. Included patients were aged between 18-80 years. Patients with hematologic malignancy were included. Invasive aspergiluus isolates from all patients in which 80 were clinical and 80 were environmental. . With the help of SPSS 22.0, clinical data were analyzed and Aspergillus species-level cryptic identification, antifungal susceptibilities, and cyp51 gene sequencing were all carried out. Results: Among 160 included patients, majority of the cases 95 (59.4%) were males and 65 (40.6%) patients were females. We found that 75 (46.9%) cases had age >50 years. Most common diagnostic criteria were probable IA found in 140 (87.5%) cases. Co-morbidities were pulmonary disease, neurological disease, autoimmune disease, cardiac disease and burns. Cryptic Aspergillus species composed 37.5% of environmental and clinical isolates. Section Nigri had a significant value (70.5%) of cryptic species, mostly among A. awamori and A. tubingensis the former was prevalent in ambient samples and the latter in clinical isolates (P 0.003). Twelve (7.5%) of 80 A. fumigatus isolates were azole resistant. At 90 days, A.fumigatus was 100% responsible for all deaths by resistant to azoles. Conclusion: Comparing clinical and environmental isolates, this study reveals a large proportion of cryptic Aspergillus species, highlights the clinical consequences of azole resistance. Keywords: Hematologic Malignancy, Drug Resistance Mechanisms, Aspergillus, Environmental Microbiology, Azoles
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Pylypchuk, Oleh, Oleh Strelko, and Yuliia Berdnychenko. "PREFACE." History of science and technology 12, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2022-12-2-194-196.
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The issue of the journal begins with an article on French sinology. French sinology takes a special place in the history of the sinological studies development. It was France that became the first country where the transformation of missionary sinology, which was common among a limited circle of researchers (mainly in a religious sphere), into the academic scientific discipline, which had already been taught and studied at a professional level in academic institutions, occurred. The Parisian type of sinology used to dominate the entire world for a long time, including such powerful centers of Chinese studies as Germany, Great Britain, the USA, and China itself. In order to form a complete picture of sinology development in France, the authors singled out and analyzed three historical periods covering the entire history of Chinese studies development, starting from its birth and flourishment to the process of stagnation. Modern scientific communication traditionally uses visual narratives, such as comics, for education, presentation of scientific achievements to a mass audience, and as an object of research. In the article by Oksana Hudoshnyk and Oleksandr P. Krupskyi, offers a three-level characterization of the interaction of comic culture and science in a diachronic aspect. Attention is focused not only on the chronological stages of these intersections, the expression of the specifics of the interaction is offered against the background of scientific and public discussions that accompany the comics–science dialogue to this day. Emphasis is placed on the unique phenomenon of the simultaneous concordance of various stages of the dialogue between comics and science, on the prolonged replication of successful inventions into modern experience, and the active testing of known narratives at new levels of a scientific presentation. The next paper assesses the topicality of Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere, coined over almost twenty years starting in the early 20th century. Emphasizing the uniqueness of Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere as the transformation of the biosphere by a man using reason, we concentrate on the assessment of the utopian or realistic nature of his vision of the future of humanity. Based on the philosophical case-studies analysis, it identifies the ideological roots of the noosphere concept, the development of views on the concept in time, the role of reason and scientific thinking, the opinions of its supporters and critics, and Moiseev's related concept of co-evolution. Lectures de Potentia Restitutiva or Of Spring: Explaining the Power of Springing Bodies (1678) is an important book for the history of science. This book is better known for Hooke’s presentation of the law that bears his name. In the article by Isadora Monteiro, seeks to study the Lectures de Potentia Restitutiva once again to better understand Hooke’s thoughts about the rule which bears his name and his conception of gravity, which the author considered a force. Here Hooke’s definitions of body and motion will be presented, as well as his actual objective when he formulated the so-called Hooke’s Law. As we will see, Hooke intended to create a “philosophical scale” to measure the gravitational attraction between bodies. By considering his previous publications, such as An attempt to prove the motion of the Earth from Observations or Micrographia: or some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies, or even unpublished works such as On the inflection of a direct motion into a curve by supervening Attractive principle, it becomes clear that Hooke was already opening a path toward an understanding of gravity before Newton’s Principia (1687) were published. By taking into account the controversy between Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke, we also intend to strengthen the idea that Hooke was an indispensable contributor to the elaboration of a law of universal gravitation. In 1915, the first occupational therapy school was founded by Jane Addams at Hull House (Chicago, USA). In that process, Addams inspired the first generation of occupational therapists, especially Eleanor Clarke Slagle. Thus, in the article by Rodolfo Morrisonseeks to highlight the contribution of Jane Addams to the development of Occupational Therapy through an in-depth bibliographic review, from primary sources. The next article presents the results of a study of the features of biographical and prosopographic materials about famous mathematicians and natural scientists, published in one of the most authoritative journals “Bulletin of Experimental Physics and Elementary Mathematics”, which was published in Kyiv and Odesa during 1886–1917. In fact, the journal was an unofficial periodical printed branch of the Mathematical Department of the Novorossiysk Society of Naturalists. The aim of the next research is to study the policy efforts conducted by the Indonesian government since the beginning of independence in 1945 to present, in advancing science and technology and innovation. A content analysis approach is employed to identify each stipulated regulation in Indonesia in the form of Laws, Government Regulations, Presidential Regulations, Presidential Decrees, and Presidential Instructions. There are 78 regulations in the field of science and technology and innovation that are analyzed. The results of the analysis are described based on the emergence of regulations and institutional implications generated as part of the ecosystem. In the article by Ihor Annienkov, based on the problem-chronological, comparative-historical, historiographical, and source-research methods, as well as the method of actualization, identifies the extent of borrowing foreign design and technological solutions in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic for projecting electrical machines in the second half of the 1930s, as well as the reasons for the absence of unambiguous information in historiography regarding the existence of this phenomenon in the republic at this chronological stage. The publication provides a general assessment of the quality of scientific support for the processes of creating electrical machines, establishes the ways of fulfilling the scientific-technical borrowings that were studiedand the dynamics of their development, analyzes their role in the growth of the technical level of products of the Ukrainian electrical machine-building branch. In the article by Mykola Ruban and Andrii Fomin, attempts to investigate the historical circumstances of the mastering and development of the industrial production of rolling stock in Ukraine from 1991 to 2021. In the course of the scientific development of the proposed research, materials from mass-circulation newspapers, industry publications of railway transport, as well as technical studies of employees of manufacturing plants were used. The next discusses the conditions and prerequisites for choosing the location of the plant; considers the stage of the establishment (foundation) of the plant; examines the stage of plant construction and equipping it with technological facilities in detail; analyzes the development and establishment of the plant between 1897 and 1914. A brief analysis of locomotive designs produced by the Kharkiv Locomotive Plant from 1897 to 1914 has been made. The article shows the significance of Consultative Congresses of Traction Engineers for the development of railway machinery both at Kharkiv Locomotive Plant and for the entire railway industry. The purpose of next study is to highlight the peculiarities of the development of the Russian aviation industry during the First World War. The focus is on analyzing production programs and matching their quantitative and qualitative parameters to war requirements. Production plans of leading Russian aviation factories as well as qualitative and quantitative parameters of products have been analyzed in the article.
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Athena, Fabia Farlin, Omobayode Fagbohungbe, Nanbo Gong, Malte J. Rasch, Jimmy Penaloza, SoonCheon Seo, Arthur Gasasira, et al. "Demonstration of transfer learning using 14 nm technology analog ReRAM array." Frontiers in Electronics 4 (January 15, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/felec.2023.1331280.
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Analog memory presents a promising solution in the face of the growing demand for energy-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) at the edge. In this study, we demonstrate efficient deep neural network transfer learning utilizing hardware and algorithm co-optimization in an analog resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) array. For the first time, we illustrate that in open-loop deep neural network (DNN) transfer learning for image classification tasks, convergence rates can be accelerated by approximately 3.5 times through the utilization of co-optimized analog ReRAM hardware and the hardware-aware Tiki-Taka v2 (TTv2) algorithm. A simulation based on statistical 14 nm CMOS ReRAM array data provides insights into the performance of transfer learning on larger network workloads, exhibiting notable improvement over conventional training with random initialization. This study shows that analog DNN transfer learning using an optimized ReRAM array can achieve faster convergence with a smaller dataset compared to training from scratch, thus augmenting AI capability at the edge.
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Prongnuch, Sethakarn, and Suchada Sitjongsataporn. "Exterior Car Parking Assistance Algorithm Based on Reconfigurable System for Future Industry." Journal of Mobile Multimedia, August 21, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13052/jmm1550-4646.161210.
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A car accident while parking the car is caused by the car driver, who is invisible around the car. However, there are no solutions for parking assistance when the driver is outside the car. The objective of this paper is to propose a reconfigurable embedded system design by voice controlled parking assistance system for a prototype electric vehicle connected to a smartphone via Bluetooth. Hardware and software co-design using the Xilinx VIVADO as a software design tool is introduced. We design the hardware and software on an ARM multicore processor and the reconfigurable system board model ZYBO: XC7Z010 by considering it as hardware accelerator. The hardware of the proposed voice controlled exterior car parking assistance system is installed on the miniature electric vehicle. The experiments are tested successfully at the parking area for both reverse parking and reverse parallel parking. This proposed system is better suited for users so that they can control their car comfortably while parking safely.
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Radhakrishnan, Aswani, Jushnah Palliyalil, Sreeja Babu, Anuar Dorzhigulov, and Alex James. "PyMem: A Graphical User Interface Tool for Neuro-Memristive Hardware-Software Co-design." IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, 2024, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojies.2024.3363093.
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Luntovskyy, Andriy. "MODERN APPS AND PLATFORMS FOR THE ROBOTS." Visnyk Universytetu “Ukraina”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36994/2707-4110-2019-1-22-02.
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Nowadays, the number of robots that co-operate with the humans, machines and with each other in various fields of manufacturing and economics, everyday life, entertainment industry, social pedagogy is growing rapidly.Server-free mobile additions are widely used in robotics: applications that are built directly into the actuators and mechanisms; Cloud-oriented applications and others.As a result of the shifted emphasis on performance, energy and algorithms efficiency of addition and platforms for robotics in the future will develop with optimization of the following algorithms: unlimited movements of the robot and its orientation in 3D space; Detection of collisions of robot body (autonomous relative location) with prevention of dead end situation; Routing of autonomous ride and flight for unmanned devices, auto and drone in.ROS (Robot Operating System) for personal robots - known robotics platform today popular in industry and academic institutions. ROS includes the following architectural components: Package Management components; Abstract layer for hardware and hardware (Hardware Abstraction Layer) and device drivers; components with communication and messaging functions between Middleware programs or parts and Websites.Swarm works can be programmed to simulate 2d-forms, which are inherent in flocks of insects, fish, and birds. Researchers have managed to provide Swarm with their own coordination, which forms a significant step in the development of collective artificial intelligence Hundreds of robots cooperate in the field of cleaning the environment from the consequences of natural disaster, others model social processes.The paper is dedicated to the important scientific-practical problem of the use of modern mobile serverless apps, which are capable to autonomous operation, and robotics supporting platforms, in particular, to their classification and standardization. The scenarios for the use of robots that focus not only on manufacturing and modeling processes in the industry but also for behavioral modeling, amomg them on the use of robots in pedagogy and sociology, are considered.
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Chadd, Katie, Sam Harding, Jane Mortley, and Pam Enderby. "Improving efficiency through innovation in the ‘real-world’: Feasibility of a co-designed telehealth solution for individuals with aphasia." Advances in Communication and Swallowing, December 28, 2023, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/acs-220018.
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BACKGROUND: Research indicates that speech and language therapy for individuals with aphasia delivered via telehealth is acceptable and facilitates good outcomes. Although adoption of telehealth has increased following COVID-19, it has not been implemented broadly. Telehealth could assist services to meet the recommended intensity of therapy for individuals with aphasia. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators to adopting telehealth for individuals with aphasia at two local NHS trusts; and to co-design a telehealth solution responding to these challenges. The feasibility of this solution was also investigated. A secondary objective is to highlight the value of real-world data (RWD) collection in evaluating clinical practice. METHODS: An experience-based co-design study was conducted, which developed and piloted a bespoke telehealth solution across service pathways at two NHS sites. Feasibility was evaluated qualitatively through interviews and quantitatively from RWD collected through the telehealth software. RESULTS: The telehealth solution incorporated outsourcing of the service to a specialist company, provision of hardware and software and regular support for individuals with aphasia and their carers. Take up was associated with a positive impact and the RWD revealed a substantial increase in the hours of therapy the individuals with aphasia received. CONCLUSION: Personalised telehealth solutions which respond to local and personal needs are feasible and an acceptable way to increase the intensity of speech and language therapy for some individuals with aphasia, bringing services more in line with evidence-based recommendations and optimising patient outcomes. Embedded RWD collection systems are valuable for evaluation.
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XU, Zhenfeng, Jiajian YANG, Huan ZHOU, and Yunfang HOU. "A WIRELESS REMOTE MONITORING SENSOR FOR AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT BASED ON NB-IoT." INMATEH Agricultural Engineering, April 30, 2023, 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-69-26.
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This paper describes the design and implementation of a wireless sensor based on NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) for monitoring agricultural environmental information. The sensor is capable of real-time monitoring of four environmental parameters, including ambient temperature, relative humidity, illuminance, and CO2 concentration. In the hardware design, sensor elements are selected based on the measurement ranges and accuracies specified in agricultural environmental monitoring industry standards. The hardware circuit is designed using the BC35-G type NB-IoT module and STM32 MCU (Microcontroller Unit). In the software design, data from the environmental parameters are collected and processed by the STM32 MCU and sent to the OneNET cloud platform through the NB-IoT module. The OneNET cloud platform enables users to view the relevant environmental data collected by the sensors using mobile phones and other mobile terminals. To test the effectiveness of the developed sensors, they were tested in a glass greenhouse at Fuyang Ziqing Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. in Anhui Province. The results demonstrate that the sensors can accurately collect the data of relevant environmental parameters and can provide stable wireless transmission of data remotely, making them suitable for practical engineering applications. In summary, this wireless remote monitoring sensor based on NB-IoT represents a significant advancement in the field of agricultural automation. The sensor's ability to accurately monitor and wirelessly transmit data in real-time provides farmers with valuable information to optimize crop growth and maximize yields.
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Wooldridge, Margaret S., Ripudaman Singh, Luis G. Gutierrez, and Shannon Clancy. "Survey of strategies to reduce cold-start particulate, CO, NOx,and hydrocarbon emissions from direct-injection spark-ignition engines." International Journal of Engine Research, February 4, 2022, 146808742110685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14680874211068576.
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Meeting cold-start emissions standards for particulate emissions and the criteria air pollutants, NO, CO and unburned hydrocarbons (HC), is critical for gasoline direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines, including DISI engines in hybrid-electric powertrains. This work surveys recent strategies to reduce particulate mass (PM), particulate number (PN), NO, CO, and HC emissions during cold-start conditions. Results of studies that demonstrate progress using engine operating strategies (such as timing of fuel injection, spark-ignition, and valve events) and engine and after-treatment hardware development to mitigate and reduce cold-start engine-out and vehicle emissions are highlighted. Several methods are promising in terms of meeting more stringent cold-start emissions requirements, in particular, fuel injector design and operation have significant potential to reduce particulate emissions and advances in manufacturing can help reduce limitations from nozzle tip-wetting. Fast-heating of three-way catalysts also shows clear benefits, in addition to gasoline particulate filters to reduce vehicle PM and PN emissions. A clear challenge (and opportunity) is the dramatically larger parametric space for engine design and operation and the coupled interaction with after-treatment that should be considered to address cold-start emissions. Advances in modelling and physical experiments that allow more rapid development of DISI powertrain and after treatment systems are critical to meet future cold-start emissions requirements.
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Mager, Fabian, Dominik Baumann, Carsten Herrmann, Sebastian Trimpe, and Marco Zimmerling. "Scaling Beyond Bandwidth Limitations: Wireless Control With Stability Guarantees Under Overload." ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems, March 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3502299.
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An important class of cyber-physical systems relies on multiple agents that jointly perform a task by coordinating their actions over a wireless network. Examples include self-driving cars in intelligent transportation and production robots in smart manufacturing. However, the scalability of existing control-over-wireless solutions is limited as they cannot resolve overload situations in which the communication demand exceeds the available bandwidth. This paper presents a novel co-design of distributed control and wireless communication that overcomes this limitation by dynamically allocating the available bandwidth to agents with the greatest need to communicate. Experiments on a real cyber-physical testbed with 20 agents, each consisting of a low-power wireless embedded device and a cart-pole system, demonstrate that our solution achieves significantly better control performance under overload than the state of the art. We further prove that our co-design guarantees closed-loop stability for physical systems with stochastic linear time-invariant dynamics.