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Books on the topic 'Chi square tests'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Drost, Feike Cornelis. Asymptotics for generalized chi-square goodness-of-fit tests. Amsterdam: Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, 1988.

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2

Greenwood, P. E. A guide to chi-squared testing. New York: Wiley, 1996.

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3

Graham, G. The chi-square method to test the normality of the distribution of time and magnitude residuals of the South African National Seismological Network. Pretoria: Geological Survey, Dept. of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Republic of South Africa, 1987.

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4

Nikulin, Mikhail S., and Ekaterina V. Chimitova. Chi-squared Goodness-of-fit Tests for Censored Data. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119427605.

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5

Srivastava, M. S. Comparison of approximate saddlepoint and saddlepoint method with Edgeworth expansion. Toronto: University of Toronto, Dept. of Statistics, 1987.

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6

Yau, Wai Kwok. Approximation of tail probability of a linear combination of noncentral chi-squares by saddlepoint method. Toronto: University of Toronto, Dept. of Statistics, 1988.

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7

Böhning, Dankmar. On minimizing chi-square distances under the hypothesis of homogeneity of independence for a two-way contingency table. Osnabrück: Fachbereich Psychologie, Universität Osnabrück, 1985.

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8

Stewart, Connie, and Rose McCloskey. Learn to Use the Chi-Square Homogeneity Test in Minitab With Data From a 2015 Health Care Observational Study. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526488237.

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9

Dolfi, Anna, ed. Notturni e musica nella poesia moderna. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-803-7.

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Che cos’è la notte? Come definirla e segnarne i limiti? È più o è meno mobile lo sguardo di chi la fissa; persiste nella notte la funzione cornice? In che modo la difficoltà di vedere favorisce l’invenzione artistica, l’interrogazione sull’infinito e la morte, i quesiti sull’immaginario, il sogno, il ricordo, l’oblio? Da domande come queste è partita Anna Dolfi nell’ideare un libro di grande novità e suggestione che, tra notturni e musica, si chiede come la letteratura, la pittura, il cinema, l’opera lirica, le tradizioni popolari, le canzoni, abbiano parlato di cecità e di visione, di ossessione e paura, di notti «tenere», disperate, sublimi, misteriose, mistiche, di notti di ‘malattia’, di notti riparatrici, di notti bianche e di notti insonni, quando il tentativo è resistere creando, per sfidare l’approssimarsi dell’alba. L’icona della mozartiana Regina della notte, assieme a quella di un Pierrot schönberghiano, ha accompagnato come in controluce una cinquantina di studiosi e giovani ricercatori italiani e stranieri che, partendo dal Settecento, dai canti di Ossian, lungo un percorso notturno europeo sostenuto da teorici (Nietzsche, Bachelard, Jankélévitch…) e musica (Mozart, Chopin, Schubert, Schumann, Fauré, Debussy, Britten…), hanno lavorato su Novalis, Hölderlin, il Romanticismo tedesco, Rilke, Celan, Müller, Hugo, Chenier, Baudelaire, Proust, Cocteau, Bonnefoy…, declinando i notturni italiani dalle elegie cimiteriali di Pindemonte a Leopardi, Di Giacomo, D’Annunzio, Onofri, Campana, Saba, Ungaretti, Sbarbaro, Montale, Penna, Pavese, Gatto, Caproni, Luzi, Bigongiari, Fortini, Jacobbi, Ripellino, Pasolini, Giudici, Rosselli, Sanguineti, De Signoribus, la Anedda, Magrelli… Aperto da testi inediti portoghesi di Ruggero Jacobbi, da versi e traduzioni di De Signoribus e di Vegliante, il volume, dalla notte di Donizetti arriva a quella dei cantautori (De Gregori, Dalla…), spingendosi al limite di notturni elettrici che rivelano in poesia gli squarci urbani di una tormentata società tra fi ne secolo e inizio millennio.

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10

Chisquared Goodness Of Fit Tests With Applications. Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc, 2012.

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11

Elwood, Mark. Chance variation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.003.0008.

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This chapter explains chance variation and statistical tests, including discrete and continuous measures, the concept of significance, one and two sided test, exact tests, precision and confidence limits. It shows tests of differences in proportions and chi-square tests, the Mantel-Haenszel test, and calculation of confidence limits, for simple tables and for stratified data. It covers heterogeneity tests, multiplicative and additive models, ordered exposure variables and tests of trend. It explains statistical tests for matched studies and in multivariate models. Multiple testing, the Bonferroni correction, issues of hypothesis testing and hypothesis generation, and subgroup analyses are discussed. Stopping rules and repeated testing in trials is covered. It explains how to calculate study power and the necessary size of the study. The chapter describes time to event analysis, including survival curves, product-limit and actuarial or life-table methods, and the calculation of confidence limits, relative survival ratios, the log rank test with control for confounding, and multivariate analysis.

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12

Halperin, Sandra, and Oliver Heath. 16. Patterns of Association. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198702740.003.0016.

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This chapter discusses the principles of bivariate analysis as a tool for helping researchers get to know their data and identify patterns of association between two variables. Bivariate analysis offers a way of establishing whether or not there is a relationship between two variables, a dependent variable and an independent variable. With bivariate analysis, theoretical expectations can be compared against evidence from the real world to see if the theory is supported by what is observed. The chapter examines the pattern of association between dependent and independent variables, with particular emphasis on hypothesis testing and significance tests. It discusses ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and cross-tabulation, two of the most widely used statistical analysis techniques in political research. Finally, it explains how to state the null hypothesis, calculate the chi square, and establishing the correlation between the dependent and independent variables.

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13

Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit Tests with Applications. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2011-0-05248-1.

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14

Nikulin, Mikhail S., and Ekaterina V. Chimitova. Chi-Squared Goodness-of-fit Tests for Censored Data. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.

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15

Peacock, Janet, and Philip Peacock. Oxford Handbook of Medical Statistics. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199551286.001.0001.

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Written in an easily accessible style, the Oxford Handbook of Medical Statistics provides doctors and medical students with a concise and thorough account of this often difficult subject. It promotes understanding and interpretation of statistical methods across a wide range of topics, from study design and sample size considerations, through t- and chi-squared tests, to complex multifactorial analyses, using examples from published research.

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16

Fife-Schaw, Chris. Analysing categorical data. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198527565.003.0016.

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This chapter explores the analysis of categorical data and the chi-squared test. This includes logistic regression (how it works, and goodness of fit), the importance of predictors, and cautionary notes about the use of regression analysis. The chapter also discusses the prediction of multi-category outcome variables (multinomial logistic regression, and configural frequency analysis (CFA)).

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17

Nikulin, M. S. Some Recent Results on Chi-Squared Tests (Queen's Papers in Pure and Applied Mathematics, No. 86). Queens Univ Campus, 1991.

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18

Pearson's Chi-Squared Test and the General Social Survey (2012): Gender and Legalizing Marijuana. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473937963.

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19

Peacock, Janet L., Sally M. Kerry, and Raymond R. Balise. Comparing two groups. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779100.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 discusses comparing two groups, and covers graphical presentation of continuous unpaired data, the two-sample t test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. It describes the use of data transformations and how results are interpreted. It shows how to compare two proportions using the chi-squared test and how to report results as differences in proportions, relative risks, and odds ratios. It includes how to calculate 95% confidence intervals for estimates. Finally, the chapter discusses the reasons for and consequences of dichotomization of continuous data and a method for dichotomization without losing statistical power. The chapter includes analyses using Stata, SAS, SPSS, and R.

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20

Alexander, Peter D. G., and Malachy O. Columb. Presentation and handling of data, descriptive and inferential statistics. Edited by Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0028.

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The need for any doctor to comprehend, assimilate, analyse, and form an opinion on data cannot be overestimated. This chapter examines the presentation and handling of such data and its subsequent statistical analysis. It covers the organization and description of data, measures of central tendency such as mean, median, and mode, measures of dispersion (standard deviation), and the problems of missing data. Theoretical distributions, such as the Gaussian distribution, are examined and the possibility of data transformation discussed. Inferential statistics are used as a means of comparing groups, and the rationale and use of parametric and non-parametric tests and confidence intervals is outlined. The analysis of categorical variables using the chi-squared test and assessing the value of diagnostic tests using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and a likelihood ratio are discussed. Measures of association are covered, namely linear regression, as is time-to-event analysis using the Kaplan–Meier method. Finally, the chapter discusses the statistical analysis used when comparing clinical measurements—the Bland and Altman method. Illustrative examples, relevant to the practice of anaesthesia, are used throughout and it is hoped that this will provide the reader with an outline of the methodologies employed and encourage further reading where necessary.

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21

Pearson’s Chi-Squared Test and the American National Election Study (2012): Gender and Views on Same-Sex Marriage. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412962063.

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22

Pearson’s Chi-Squared Test and the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2006): Gender and Smoking Habits in China. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412962100.

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23

Mehrdad, Jalalian. Simple Approach to Academic Research and Publication Author. Chapter 1: Standards of Reporting Chi-Square Test in Original Article and Thesis. Knowledge Kingdom Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/978-9931-9446-1-4.

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24

Pearson’s Chi-Squared Test and the News Coverage Index (2012): Story Formats on Network and Cable TV News Programs. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473995475.

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25

Peacock, Janet L., and Phil J. Peacock. Oxford Handbook of Medical Statistics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198743583.001.0001.

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A good understanding of medical statistics is essential to evaluate medical research and to choose appropriate ways of implementing findings in clinical practice. The Oxford Handbook of Medical Statistics, second edition, has been written to provide doctors and medical students with a comprehensive yet concise account of this often difficult subject. Described by readers as a ‘statistical Bible’, this new edition maintains the accessibility and thoroughness of the original, and includes comprehensive updates including new sections on transitional medicine, cluster designs, and modern statistical packages. The handbook promotes understanding and interpretation of statistical methods across a wide range of topics, from study design and sample size considerations, through t and chi-squared tests, to complex multifactorial analyses, all using examples from published research. References and further reading are included, to allow deeper understanding on specific topics. Featuring a new chapter on how to use this book in different medical contexts, the Oxford Handbook of Medical Statistics helps readers to conduct their own research and critically appraise others' work.

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26

Uma análise da percepção docente, gestora e familiar sobre a qualidade da educação básica em escolas públicas em defesa do modelo cívico-militar. Editora Acadêmica Periodicojs, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/hp07.2021.33.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of teachers, managers and family members of the municipal and state education system in a city in the Metropolitan Region of Recife / PE regarding the quality of basic education, difficulties faced, student performance and the process of implementing the civic-military model in the the public school. 64 subjects participated in the study, which were subdivided into 13 managers, 30 teachers working in elementary and high school and 21 parents / guardians of a municipal school and a state school. The instruments used for data collection were 3 (three) electronic questionnaires developed in Google forms, containing objective and subjective questions, directed to managers, teachers and parents / guardians. Quantitative data were treated statistically by the PRISMA for Windows program - Version 4.03 and analyzed by the Chi-square test, with p <0.05, expressed in percentages, and the data referring to the qualitative evaluation were treated through analysis of content, with data represented qualitatively and expressed in a table. It was found in this study, from the perception of teachers, managers and parents about basic education, that the main problems faced are associated with the low interest of students in studies (69.2%; 76.7%, p= 0.032) and lack of adequate structure (50%, p= 0.038). Regarding the contribution of the civic-military model, the study pointed out the improvement of students' behavior in the family, school and social environment (71.4% p= 0.053), improving the quality of basic education with an emphasis on access, permanence and in learning (66.7% p= 0.036), makes the teacher feel valued (61.9% p= 0.042), contributes to preventing violence in the school environment and improving school performance (66.7% p= 0.024), contributes to the promotion of society's moral, civic and patriotic values (81.0 p= 0.031), and based on the current model (55%; 54.2% p= 0.005) of teachers and parents feel dissatisfied. We conclude that the civic-military model can contribute to reducing evasion, valuing the teacher, improving student behavior, improving the quality of basic education with an emphasis on access, permanence and learning and contributing to the promotion of society’s family, civic and patriotic end moral values.

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