Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chi square tests

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Chi square tests'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Chi square tests"

1

Ingster, Yu I. "Adaptive chi-square tests." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 99, no. 2 (2000): 1110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02673632.

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Nihan, Sölpük Turhan. "Karl Pearsons chi-square tests." Educational Research and Reviews 15, no. 9 (2020): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/err2019.3817.

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Nowacki, Amy. "Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests." Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 84, no. 9 suppl 2 (2017): e20-e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.84.s2.04.

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Ermakov, M. S. "Asymptotic Minimaxity of Chi-Square Tests." Theory of Probability & Its Applications 42, no. 4 (1998): 589–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0040585x97976441.

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Schober, Patrick, and Thomas R. Vetter. "Chi-square Tests in Medical Research." Anesthesia & Analgesia 129, no. 5 (2019): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004410.

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MaCurdy, Thomas E., and Keunkwan Ryu. "Equivalence results in chi-square tests." Economics Letters 80, no. 3 (2003): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(03)00124-1.

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Gagunashvili, N. D. "Chi-square tests for comparing weighted histograms." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 614, no. 2 (2010): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.12.037.

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Andrews, Donald W. K. "Chi-square diagnostic tests for econometric models." Journal of Econometrics 37, no. 1 (1988): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(88)90079-6.

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Greenwood, P., and M. S. Nikulin. "Application of tests of chi-square type." Journal of Soviet Mathematics 43, no. 6 (1988): 2776–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01129892.

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Robin, Jean-Marc, and Richard J. Smith. "TESTS OF RANK." Econometric Theory 16, no. 2 (2000): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466600162012.

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This paper considers tests for the rank of a matrix for which a root-T consistent estimator is available. However, in contrast to tests associated with the minimum chi-square and asymptotic least squares principles, the estimator's asymptotic variance matrix is not required to be either full or of known rank. Test statistics based on certain estimated characteristic roots are proposed whose limiting distributions are a weighted sum of independent chi-squared variables. These weights may be simply estimated, yielding convenient estimators for the limiting distributions of the proposed statistics. A sequential testing procedure is presented that yields a consistent estimator for the rank of a matrix. A simulation experiment is conducted comparing the characteristic root statistics advocated in this paper with statistics based on the Wald and asymptotic least squares principles.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chi square tests"

1

Roberts, Georgia Ruth Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Contributions to chi-squared tests with survey data." Ottawa, 1985.

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De, Champlain André F. "Assessing test dimensionality using two approximate chi-square statistics." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7848.

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Mullen, Jerry D. (Jerry Davis). "A Comparison of Some Continuity Corrections for the Chi-Squared Test in 3 x 3, 3 x 4, and 3 x 5 Tables." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331001/.

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This study was designed to determine whether chis-quared based tests for independence give reliable estimates (as compared to the exact values provided by Fisher's exact probabilities test) of the probability of a relationship between the variables in 3 X 3, 3 X 4 , and 3 X 5 contingency tables when the sample size is 10, 20, or 30. In addition to the classical (uncorrected) chi-squared test, four methods for continuity correction were compared to Fisher's exact probabilities test. The four methods were Yates' correction, two corrections attributed to Cochran, and Mantel's correction. The study was modeled after a similar comparison conducted on 2 X 2 contingency tables and published by Michael Haber.
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Pang, Xiao L. "Assessing the performance of the approximate chi-square and Stout's T statistics with different test structures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0010/NQ52277.pdf.

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Brace, Jordan. "Type I error rates and power of robust chi-square difference tests in investigations of measurement invariance." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54538.

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A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to investigate Type I error rates and power of several corrections for non-normality to the normal theory chi-square difference test in the context of evaluating measurement invariance via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Studied statistics include: 1) the uncorrected difference test, DML, 2) Satorra’s (2000) original computationally intensive correction, DS0, 3) Satorra and Bentler’s (2001) simplified correction, DSB1, 4) Satorra and Bentler’s (2010) strictly positive correction, DSB10, and 5) a hybrid procedure, DSBH (Asparouhov & Muthén, 2010), which is equal to DSB1 when DSB1 is positive, and DSB10 when DSB1 is negative. Multiple-group data were generated from confirmatory factor analytic models invariant on some but not all parameters. A series of six nested invariance models was fit to each generated dataset. Population parameter values had little influence on the relative performance of the scaled statistics, while level of invariance being tested did. DS0 was found to over-reject in many Type I error conditions, and it is suspected that high observed rejection rates in power conditions are due to a general positive bias. DSB1 generally performed well in Type I error conditions, but severely under-rejected in power conditions. DSB10 performed reasonably well and consistently in both Type I error and power conditions. We recommend that researchers use the strictly positive corrected difference test, DSB10, to evaluate measurement invariance when data are not normally distributed.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Psychology, Department of<br>Graduate
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Chuang, Jenny. "Investigation of Type I error rates of three versions of robust chi-square difference tests in structural equation modeling." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44856.

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A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to investigate the Type I error rates of several versions of chi-square difference tests for nonnormal data in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models. The studied statistics include: 1) the original uncorrected difference test, D, obtained by taking the difference of the ML chi-squares for the respective models; 2) the original robust difference test, DR₁, due to Satorra and Bentler (2001); 3) the recent modification to this test, DR₂, which ensures that the statistic remains positive (Satorra & Bentler, 2010); and 4) a hybrid statistic, DH, proposed by Asparouhov and Muthén (2010), which is equal to DR₁ when DR₁ > 0, and otherwise is equal to DR₁. Types of constraints studied included constraining factor correlations to 0, constraining factor correlations to 1, and constraining factor loadings to equal each other within or across factors. An interesting finding was that the uncorrected test appeared to be robust to nonnormality when the constraint was setting factor correlations to zero. The robust tests performed well and similarly to each other in many conditions. The new strictly positive test, DR₂ exhibited slightly inflated rejection rates in conditions that involved constraining factor loadings, while DR₁ and DH exhibited rejection rates slightly below nominal in conditions that involved constraining factor correlations or factor loadings. While more research is needed on the new strictly positive test, the original robust difference test or the hybrid procedure are tentatively recommended.
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Steele, Michael C., and n/a. "The Power of Categorical Goodness-Of-Fit Statistics." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031006.143823.

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The relative power of goodness-of-fit test statistics has long been debated in the literature. Chi-Square type test statistics to determine 'fit' for categorical data are still dominant in the goodness-of-fit arena. Empirical Distribution Function type goodness-of-fit test statistics are known to be relatively more powerful than Chi-Square type test statistics for restricted types of null and alternative distributions. In many practical applications researchers who use a standard Chi-Square type goodness-of-fit test statistic ignore the rank of ordinal classes. This thesis reviews literature in the goodness-of-fit field, with major emphasis on categorical goodness-of-fit tests. The continued use of an asymptotic distribution to approximate the exact distribution of categorical goodness-of-fit test statistics is discouraged. It is unlikely that an asymptotic distribution will produce a more accurate estimation of the exact distribution of a goodness-of-fit test statistic than a Monte Carlo approximation with a large number of simulations. Due to their relatively higher powers for restricted types of null and alternative distributions, several authors recommend the use of Empirical Distribution Function test statistics over nominal goodness-of-fit test statistics such as Pearson's Chi-Square. In-depth power studies confirm the views of other authors that categorical Empirical Distribution Function type test statistics do not have higher power for some common null and alternative distributions. Because of this, it is not sensible to make a conclusive recommendation to always use an Empirical Distribution Function type test statistic instead of a nominal goodness-of-fit test statistic. Traditionally the recommendation to determine 'fit' for multivariate categorical data is to treat categories as nominal, an approach which precludes any gain in power which may accrue from a ranking, should one or more variables be ordinal. The presence of multiple criteria through multivariate data may result in partially ordered categories, some of which have equal ranking. This thesis proposes a modification to the currently available Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistics for ordinal and nominal categorical data to account for situations of partially ordered categories. The new test statistic, called the Combined Kolmogorov-Smirnov, is relatively more powerful than Pearson's Chi-Square and the nominal Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistic for some null and alternative distributions. A recommendation is made to use the new test statistic with higher power in situations where some benefit can be achieved by incorporating an Empirical Distribution Function approach, but the data lack a complete natural ordering of categories. The new and established categorical goodness-of-fit test statistics are demonstrated in the analysis of categorical data with brief applications as diverse as familiarity of defence programs, the number of recruits produced by the Merlin bird, a demographic problem, and DNA profiling of genotypes. The results from these applications confirm the recommendations associated with specific goodness-of-fit test statistics throughout this thesis.
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Steele, Michael C. "The Power of Categorical Goodness-Of-Fit Statistics." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366717.

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The relative power of goodness-of-fit test statistics has long been debated in the literature. Chi-Square type test statistics to determine 'fit' for categorical data are still dominant in the goodness-of-fit arena. Empirical Distribution Function type goodness-of-fit test statistics are known to be relatively more powerful than Chi-Square type test statistics for restricted types of null and alternative distributions. In many practical applications researchers who use a standard Chi-Square type goodness-of-fit test statistic ignore the rank of ordinal classes. This thesis reviews literature in the goodness-of-fit field, with major emphasis on categorical goodness-of-fit tests. The continued use of an asymptotic distribution to approximate the exact distribution of categorical goodness-of-fit test statistics is discouraged. It is unlikely that an asymptotic distribution will produce a more accurate estimation of the exact distribution of a goodness-of-fit test statistic than a Monte Carlo approximation with a large number of simulations. Due to their relatively higher powers for restricted types of null and alternative distributions, several authors recommend the use of Empirical Distribution Function test statistics over nominal goodness-of-fit test statistics such as Pearson's Chi-Square. In-depth power studies confirm the views of other authors that categorical Empirical Distribution Function type test statistics do not have higher power for some common null and alternative distributions. Because of this, it is not sensible to make a conclusive recommendation to always use an Empirical Distribution Function type test statistic instead of a nominal goodness-of-fit test statistic. Traditionally the recommendation to determine 'fit' for multivariate categorical data is to treat categories as nominal, an approach which precludes any gain in power which may accrue from a ranking, should one or more variables be ordinal. The presence of multiple criteria through multivariate data may result in partially ordered categories, some of which have equal ranking. This thesis proposes a modification to the currently available Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistics for ordinal and nominal categorical data to account for situations of partially ordered categories. The new test statistic, called the Combined Kolmogorov-Smirnov, is relatively more powerful than Pearson's Chi-Square and the nominal Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistic for some null and alternative distributions. A recommendation is made to use the new test statistic with higher power in situations where some benefit can be achieved by incorporating an Empirical Distribution Function approach, but the data lack a complete natural ordering of categories. The new and established categorical goodness-of-fit test statistics are demonstrated in the analysis of categorical data with brief applications as diverse as familiarity of defence programs, the number of recruits produced by the Merlin bird, a demographic problem, and DNA profiling of genotypes. The results from these applications confirm the recommendations associated with specific goodness-of-fit test statistics throughout this thesis.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Australian School of Environmental Studies<br>Full Text
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Boulet, John R. "A Monte Carlo comparison of the Type I error rates of the likelihood ratio chi-square test statistic and Hotelling's two-sample T2 on testing the differences between group means." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5708.

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The present paper demonstrates how Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) can be used to formulate a test of the difference in means between groups on a number of dependent variables. A Monte Carlo study compared the Type I error rates of the Likelihood Ratio (LR) Chi-square ($\chi\sp2$) statistic (SEM test criterion) and Hotelling's two-sample T$\sp2$ statistic (MANOVA test criterion) in detecting differences in means between two independent samples. Seventy-two conditions pertaining to average sample size ((n$\sb1$ + n$\sb2$)/2), extent of inequality of sample sizes (n$\sb1$:n$\sb2$), number of variables (p), and degree of inequality of variance-covariance matrices ($\Sigma\sb1$:$\Sigma\sb2$) were modelled. Empirical sampling distributions of the LR $\chi\sp2$ statistic and Hotelling's T$\sp2$ statistic consisted fo 2000 samples drawn from multivariate normal parent populations. The actual proportion of values that exceeded the nominal levels are presented. The results indicated that, in terms of maintaining Type I error rates that were close to the nominal levels, the LR $\chi\sp2$ statistic and Hotelling's T$\sp2$ statistic were comparable when $\Sigma\sb1$ = $\Sigma\sb2$ and (n$\sb1$ + n$\sb2$)/2:p was relatively large (i.e., 30:1). However, when $\Sigma\sb1$ = $\Sigma\sb2$ and (n$\sb1$ + n$\sb2$)/2:p was small (i.e., 10:1) Hotelling's T$\sp2$ statistic was preferred. When $\Sigma\sb{1} \not=\Sigma\sb2$ the LR $\chi\sp2$ statistic provided more appropriate Type I error rates under all of the simulated conditions. The results are related to earlier findings, and implications for the appropriate use of the SEM method of testing for group mean differences are noted.
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Wolniczak, Isabella, José A. Cáceres-DelAguila, Jorge L. Maguiña, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Fruits and vegetables consumption and depressive symptoms: A population-based study in Peru." Public Library of Science, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622277.

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Objectives: Among different factors, diet patterns seem to be related to depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the consumption of fruits and/or vegetables and depressive symptoms. Methodology/Principal findings: A secondary data analysis was conducted using information from a population-based survey from 25 regions from Peru. The outcome was the presence of depressive symptoms according to the Patient Health Questionnaire (cutoff 15 to define major depressive syndrome); whereas the exposure was the self-reported consumption of fruits and/or vegetables (in tertiles and using WHO recommendation 5 servings/day). The association of interest was evaluated using Poisson regression models controlling for the complex-sample survey design and potential confounders. Data from 25,901 participants were analyzed, mean age 44.2 (SD: 17.7) and 13,944 (54.0%) women. Only 910 (3.8%; 95%CI: 3.5%–4.2%) individuals reported consuming 5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables/day; whereas 819 (2.8%; 95%CI: 2.5%–3.1%) had depressive symptoms. Those in the lowest tertile of fruits and/or vegetables consumption had greater prevalence of depressive symptoms (PR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.39–2.55) than those in the highest tertile. This association was stronger with fruits (PR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.46–2.53) than vegetables (PR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.05–1.93) alone. Conclusions: An inverse relationship between consumption of fruits and/or vegetables and depressive symptoms is reported. Less than 5% of subjects reported consuming the amount of fruits and vegetables recommended by the WHO. There is a need to implement strategies to promote better diet patterns with potential impact on mental health. © 2017 Wolniczak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Books on the topic "Chi square tests"

1

Drost, Feike Cornelis. Asymptotics for generalized chi-square goodness-of-fit tests. Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, 1988.

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Greenwood, P. E. A guide to chi-squared testing. Wiley, 1996.

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Graham, G. The chi-square method to test the normality of the distribution of time and magnitude residuals of the South African National Seismological Network. Geological Survey, Dept. of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Republic of South Africa, 1987.

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Nikulin, Mikhail S., and Ekaterina V. Chimitova. Chi-squared Goodness-of-fit Tests for Censored Data. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119427605.

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Srivastava, M. S. Comparison of approximate saddlepoint and saddlepoint method with Edgeworth expansion. University of Toronto, Dept. of Statistics, 1987.

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Apodaca, Mark. Evaluation of phase 1 screening for the 1996 Agricultural Resource Management Study. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Research Division, 1998.

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Yau, Wai Kwok. Approximation of tail probability of a linear combination of noncentral chi-squares by saddlepoint method. University of Toronto, Dept. of Statistics, 1988.

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Böhning, Dankmar. On minimizing chi-square distances under the hypothesis of homogeneity of independence for a two-way contingency table. Fachbereich Psychologie, Universität Osnabrück, 1985.

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Dolfi, Anna, ed. Notturni e musica nella poesia moderna. Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-803-7.

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Che cos’è la notte? Come definirla e segnarne i limiti? È più o è meno mobile lo sguardo di chi la fissa; persiste nella notte la funzione cornice? In che modo la difficoltà di vedere favorisce l’invenzione artistica, l’interrogazione sull’infinito e la morte, i quesiti sull’immaginario, il sogno, il ricordo, l’oblio? Da domande come queste è partita Anna Dolfi nell’ideare un libro di grande novità e suggestione che, tra notturni e musica, si chiede come la letteratura, la pittura, il cinema, l’opera lirica, le tradizioni popolari, le canzoni, abbiano parlato di cecità e di visione, di ossessione e paura, di notti «tenere», disperate, sublimi, misteriose, mistiche, di notti di ‘malattia’, di notti riparatrici, di notti bianche e di notti insonni, quando il tentativo è resistere creando, per sfidare l’approssimarsi dell’alba. L’icona della mozartiana Regina della notte, assieme a quella di un Pierrot schönberghiano, ha accompagnato come in controluce una cinquantina di studiosi e giovani ricercatori italiani e stranieri che, partendo dal Settecento, dai canti di Ossian, lungo un percorso notturno europeo sostenuto da teorici (Nietzsche, Bachelard, Jankélévitch…) e musica (Mozart, Chopin, Schubert, Schumann, Fauré, Debussy, Britten…), hanno lavorato su Novalis, Hölderlin, il Romanticismo tedesco, Rilke, Celan, Müller, Hugo, Chenier, Baudelaire, Proust, Cocteau, Bonnefoy…, declinando i notturni italiani dalle elegie cimiteriali di Pindemonte a Leopardi, Di Giacomo, D’Annunzio, Onofri, Campana, Saba, Ungaretti, Sbarbaro, Montale, Penna, Pavese, Gatto, Caproni, Luzi, Bigongiari, Fortini, Jacobbi, Ripellino, Pasolini, Giudici, Rosselli, Sanguineti, De Signoribus, la Anedda, Magrelli… Aperto da testi inediti portoghesi di Ruggero Jacobbi, da versi e traduzioni di De Signoribus e di Vegliante, il volume, dalla notte di Donizetti arriva a quella dei cantautori (De Gregori, Dalla…), spingendosi al limite di notturni elettrici che rivelano in poesia gli squarci urbani di una tormentata società tra fi ne secolo e inizio millennio.
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Consortium for Mathematics and Its Applications (U.S.), Chedd-Angier Production Company, American Statistical Association, and Annenberg Media, eds. Against all odds--inside statistics: Disc 3, programs 9-12. Annenberg Media, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chi square tests"

1

Pace, Larry. "Chi-Square Tests." In Beginning R. Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4555-1_15.

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Wuensch, Karl L. "Chi-Square Tests." In International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_173.

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Cleophas, Ton J., and Aeilko H. Zwinderman. "Chi-square Tests." In Clinical Data Analysis on a Pocket Calculator. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27104-0_38.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Chi-square Tests." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_15179.

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Ashcroft, Stephen, and Chris Pereira. "The Chi-square tests." In Practical Statistics for the Biological Sciences. Macmillan Education UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04085-5_15.

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Ferguson, Thomas S. "General Chi-Square Tests." In A Course in Large Sample Theory. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4549-5_24.

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Salsburg, David S. "Neyman’s Restricted Chi Square Tests." In The Use of Restricted Significance Tests in Clinical Trials. Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4414-1_10.

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Cleophas, Ton J., and Aeilko H. Zwinderman. "Chi-Square Tests for Cross-Tabs." In Statistical Analysis of Clinical Data on a Pocket Calculator. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1211-9_11.

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Taylor, Sonia. "Contingency tables and chi-square tests." In Business Statistics for non-mathematicians. Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-0-230-20685-4_10.

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Holcomb, Zealure C., and Keith S. Cox. "Chi-Square and Post Hoc Tests." In Interpreting Basic Statistics. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315225647-64.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chi square tests"

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Fallaah, Mohhamied Husaein, Shilpa Ajay, A. P. Nandhini, Thomas Koilraj, and Uma S. "Customer Churn Prediction based on Embedding Language Model with Chi Square Test." In 2025 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computational Networks (ICISCN). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciscn64258.2025.10934232.

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Malonjao, Ray H., Juvy B. Malonjao, and Philip John Borromeo. "Friedman Chi-Square Test Analysis of Carbon Steel Tensile Stress Data Using Python." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Technology, Informatics, Management, Engineering and Environment (TIME-E). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/time-e62724.2024.10919828.

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Yang, Lu, and Jing Hu. "Embedding's from Language Model with Chi Square Test based Smart City Construction Evaluation." In 2024 International Conference on Integrated Intelligence and Communication Systems (ICIICS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciics63763.2024.10860000.

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Liu, Chao, Yanjiang Liu, Yingjian Yan, Wubiao Gao, Maohuan Li, and Mingdeng Wang. "A Chi-Square Side-Channel Energy Leakage Assessment Method Based on HC Test." In 2025 International Conference on Electrical Automation and Artificial Intelligence (ICEAAI). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceaai64185.2025.10956254.

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Zhang, Ruiling. "Research on Course Evaluation Based Genetic Algorithm with Chi-Square Test Using Student Feedback." In 2025 3rd International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicacs65178.2025.10967661.

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Vardasbi, Ali, Mahmoud Salmasizadeh, and Javad Mohajeri. "Multiple-chi-square tests and their application on distinguishing attacks." In 2011 8th International ISC Conference on Information Security and Cryptology (ISCISC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscisc.2011.6062336.

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Kalla, Dinesh, and Arvind Chandrasekaran. "Heart Disease Prediction using Chi-Square Test and Linear Regression." In 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2023.130712.

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Heart disease is most common disease reported currently in the United States among both the genders and according to official statistics about fifty percent of the American population is suffering from some form of cardiovascular disease. This paper performs chi square tests and linear regression analysis to predict heart disease based on the symptoms like chest pain and dizziness. This paper will help healthcare sectors to provide better assistance for patients suffering from heart disease by predicting it in beginning stage of disease. Chi square test is conducted to identify whether there is a relation between chest pain and heart disease cases in the United States by analyzing heart disease dataset from IEEE Data Port. The test results and analysis show that males in the United States are most likely to develop heart disease with the symptoms like chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, fatigue, and nausea. This test also shows that there is a week corelation of 0.5 is identified which shows people with all ages including teens can face heart diseases and its prevalence increase with age. Also, the tests indicate that 90 percent of the participant who are facing severe chest pain is suffering from heart disease where majority of the successful heart disease identified is in males and only 10 percent participants are identified as healthy. The evaluated p-values are much greater than the statistical threshold of 0.05 which concludes factors like sex, Exercise angina, Cholesterol, old peak, ST_Slope, obesity, and blood sugar play significant role in onset of cardiovascular disease. We have tested the dataset with prediction model built on logistic regression and observed an accuracy of 85.12 percent.
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Lemeshko, S. B. "Distribution of Statistics of Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Small Samples." In 2006 8th International Conference on Actual Problems of Electronic Instrument Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apeie.2006.4292559.

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Kang, Ju-Sung, Hojoong Park, and Yongjin Yeom. "On the Additional Chi-Square Tests for the IID Assumption of NIST SP 800-90B." In 2017 15th Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pst.2017.00051.

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Choukri, Karim, and Eric Moulines. "General class of chi-square statistics for goodness-of-fit tests for stationary time series." In SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, edited by Franklin T. Luk. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.190833.

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Reports on the topic "Chi square tests"

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สุกมลสันต์, สุพัฒน์. การสร้างและพัฒนาโปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยสอน แบบสื่อหลากหลายเพื่อสอนภาษาอังกฤษพื้นฐาน 2 : รายงานการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2000. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2000.63.

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วัตถุประสงค์สำคัญของการวิจัยครั้งนี้คือ เพื่อสร้างโปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยสอนแบบสื่อหลากหลายสำหรับช่วยให้นิสิตชั้นปีที่ 2 ของจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัยให้เรียนรายวิชาภาษาอังกฤษพื้นฐาน 2 (FE 2) ด้วยตนเอง และเพื่อพัฒนาโปรแกรมดังกล่าวให้มีประสิทธิภาพและเหมาะสมกับผู้เรียนดังกล่าวแล้ว พลวิจัยครั้งนี้ได้แก่นิสิตชั้นปีที่ 1 จำนวน 75 คน จาก 3 ตอนเรียนและ3 คณะวิชา คือ ครุศาสตร์ พาณิชยศาสตร์และการบัญชี และเภสัชศาสตร์ จากประชากรทั้งสิ้นจำนวน 3,803 คนที่ลงทะเบียนเรียนรายวิชา FE 2 ในภาคปลายของปีการศึกษา 2542 เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัยได้แก่แบบทดสอบ 5 ชุด แบบวัดเจตคติ 1 ชุด และโปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยสอนแบบสื่อหลากหลายที่ครอบคลุมเนื้อหา 4 บท อีก 1 โปรแกรม พลวิจัยแบ่งออกเป็น 3 กลุ่ม ตามระดับคะแนนสมิทธิภาพทั่วไปทางภาษาอังกฤษที่สอบก่อนปฏิบัติการวิจัย คือ กลุ่มอ่อน กลุ่มปานกลาง และกลุ่มเก่ง ตลอดทั้งภาพเรียนพลวิจัยจะต้องใช้โปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยสอนด้วยตนเองในห้องปฏิบัติการคอมพิวเตอร์อย่างน้อยเป็นเวลา 1 ชั่วโมง เรียนในห้องเรียนกับอาจารย์ (ในที่นี้คือผู้วิจัย) 2 ชั่วโมง และเรียนด้วยตนเองในศูนย์การเรียนรู้ด้วยตนเองอีก 1 ชั่วโมง พลวิจัยนี้สอบแบบทดสอบกลางภาค แบบทดสอบปลายภาค และแบบทดสอบการฟังเข้าใจความที่จัดสอบโดยสถาบันภาษา รวมทั้งตอบแบบสอบถามเจตคติเกี่ยวกับโปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยสอนที่ตนใช้ และสอบแบบทดสอบวัดสมิทธิภาพทั่วไปทางภาษาอังกฤษอีกครั้งหนึ่งในสัปดาห์สุดท้ายของภาค ข้อมูลที่ได้จากการทดสอบและจากการสอบถามวิเคราะห์ด้วยโปรแกรม SPSS/PC โดยใช้ t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, Scheffe tests และ Chi-square test ผลของการศึกษาสรุปได้ดังนี้ 1. โปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยสอนแบบสื่อหลากหลายที่สร้างขึ้นสามารถช่วยให้นิสิตชั้นปีที่ 2 เรียนรายวิชา FE 2 ด้วยตนเองได้ในเรื่องการอ่านเข้าใจความ คำศัพท์ การฟังเข้าใจความ และทักษะกึ่งการเขียน (การค้นหาข้อผิดพลาด) 2. โปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยสอนดังกล่าวมีประสิทธิภาพค่อนข้างสูง และมีความเหมาะสมสำหรับผู้เรียนในระดับค่อนข้างสูง เช่น ก. มีดัชนีประสิทธิภาพสูง (E[subscript1]/E[subscript2] = 81.13/82.19 ข. สามารถทำให้พลวิจัยมีสมิทธิภาพทั่วไปทางภาษาอังกฤษเพิ่มขึ้นได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ ค. มีแนวโน้มว่าพลวิจัยมีผลสัมฤทธิ์ในการเรียนรายวิชา FE 2 สูงกว่าผู้เรียนจากคณะเดียวกันที่ไม่ได้ใช้โปรแกรมดังกล่าวอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ ง. ทำให้พลวิจัยประมาณร้อยละ 36-40 มีระดับคะแนน (grade) ดีขึ้นกว่าผลการเรียนจากรายวิชา FE 1 และ จ. โดยเฉลี่ยแล้วพลวิจัยมีเจตคติที่ดีต่อการออกแบบ เนื้อหา และการใช้โปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์ช่วยสอนดังกล่าวแล้ว เป็นต้น
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Bakewell, Margaret, and Patricia Wittkopp. Basic Probability and Chi-Squared Tests. Genetics Society of America Peer-Reviewed Education Portal (GSA PREP), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/gsaprep.2013.005.

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3

Syed, Basil Ahmad, Edafe Anderson Ozero, and Samson Toye Abiodun. Effectiveness of Guerrilla Marketing in Lithuania: a Case Study of the Swedbank's "Life under the Oak" Campaign. Vilnius Business College, 2024. https://doi.org/10.57005/ab.2024.4.5.

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In response to the current issues of catching customer attention amidst information overload, guerrilla marketing has evolved as a disruptive technique that prioritizes creativity and uniqueness over standard advertising tactics. This research looks at the efficacy of guerrilla marketing using a case study of Swedbank's "Life Under the Oak" campaign in Lithuania. The study intends to assess the campaign's effects on Swedbank awareness, engagement, and cost-effectiveness in comparison to traditional advertising strategies. Data was acquired directly from Lithuanian consumers using a cross-sectional survey methodology, using a quantitative research method. Chi-square tests were used to determine the association between campaign exposure and awareness rates, customer engagement with Swedbank, and cost-effectiveness. The data indicate that, while the "Life Under the Oak" campaign successfully piqued customers' curiosity, it did not consistently result in substantial increases in awareness or long-term involvement with Swedbank. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in cost efficiency between the guerilla marketing campaign and standard advertising tactics in the Lithuanian market. Based on these findings, the study recommends that marketers should continuously assess and adapt guerrilla marketing campaigns, proactively monitoring consumer responses and adjusting strategies based on empirical data, to maximize effectiveness and campaign goals. Overall, this study adds to our understanding of guerrilla marketing efficacy by showing its potential and limits in terms of drawing consumer attention, increasing engagement, and producing cost-effective results.
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สุกมลสันต์, สุพัฒน์. การวิเคราะห์ความลำเอียงของข้อทดสอบภาษาอังกฤษเข้ามหาวิทยาลัย ปี พ.ศ. 2531-2533 : รายงานการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1991. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1991.31.

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วัตถุประสงค์หลักของการวิจัยนี้คือ 1) เพื่อวิเคราะห์หาความลำเอียงต่อเพศ และต่อภาคภูมิศาสตร์ของข้อทดสอบภาษาอังกฤษเข้ามหาวิทยาลัย ชุด กข. และ กขค. ปี พ.ศ. 2531-2533 3 วิธี คือ Delta Plot Method, Chi-square Method และ Three-parameter Logistic Method และ 2) เพื่อเปรียบเทียบจำนวนข้อทดสอบที่ลำเอียงจากการวิเคราะห์ทั้ง 3 วิธี ประชากรของการวิจัยได้แก่ผู้สอบแบบทดสอบดังกล่าว จำนวน 6 กลุ่ม ๆ ละประมาณ 30,000 - 80,000 คน และแต่ละกลุ่มแบ่งตามเพศ และภาคภูมิศาสตร์ของผู้สอบ พลวิจัยได้จากการสุ่มตัวอย่างงานจากประชากรแต่ละกลุ่มโดยกำหนดให้แต่ละกลุ่มมีเพศชายและหญิงเท่ากัน และไม่เกิน 3,000 คน ทำให้ได้ผลวิจัยกลุ่มละ 424-3,000 คน ซึ่งมากกว่าขนาดกลุ่มตัวอย่างที่เหมาะสม เครื่องมือที่ใช้คือผลการสอบข้อทดสอบภาษาอังกฤษ ชุด กข. และ กขค. จำนวน 600 ข้อ การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลใช้สถิติหลายอย่าง เช่น Classical Item Analysis, Logistic Item Analysis, ICC-test, Factor Analysis, Chi-square, Bias test และ F-test เป็นต้น ผลการวิจัยสรุปได้ดังนี้ 1. แบบทดสอบภาษาอังกฤษเข้ามหาวิทยาลัย ชุด กข. ปี 2531-2533 มีความลำเอียงต่อเพศ โดยเฉลี่ยประมาณฉบับละ 7-28 ข้อ (ร้อยละ 7-28) ส่วนชุด กขค. มีความลำเอียงประมาณฉบับละ 4-41 ข้อ (ร้อยละ 4-41) แล้วแต่วิธีวิเคราะห์ 2. แบบทดสอบภาษาอังกฤษเข้ามหาวิทยาลัย ชุด กข. ปี 2531-2533 มีความลำเอียงต่อภาคภูมิศาสตร์โดยเฉลี่ยประมาณฉบับละ 6-45 ข้อ (ร้อยละ 6-45) ส่วนชุด กขค. มีความลำเอียงประมาณฉบับละ 5-43 ข้อ (ร้อยละ 5-43)แล้วแต่วิธีวิเคราะห์ 3. ข้อทดสอบภาษาอังกฤษเข้ามหาวิทยาลัย ชุด กข. และ กขค. ปี พ.ศ. 2531-2533 มีความลำเอียงต่อผู้สอบจากภาคอื่นมากกว่าภาคกลาง ประมาณ 2-3 เท่า และมีแนวโน้มว่ามีความลำเอียงต่อผู้สอบเพศชายมากกว่าเพศหญิง 4. การวิเคราะห์หาความลำเอียงของข้อทดสอบด้วย 3 วิธี พบข้อทดสอบที่ลำเอียงต่อเพศและต่อภาคภูมิศาสตร์ของผู้สอบจำนวนแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ แต่จำนวนข้อทดสอบที่ลำเอียงของแต่ละวิธีมีความสัมพันธ์กันอย่างไม่มีนัยสำคัญ การวิเคราะห์โดยThree-parameter Logistic Method เมื่อไม่ได้วิเคราะห์ความลำเอียงระดับต่ำพบจำนวนข้อทดสอบที่ลำเอียงมากที่สุด รองลงมาได้แก่ Chi-square Method และ Delta Plot Method พบข้อทดสอบที่ลำเอียงจำนวนน้อยที่สุด
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Calabretta, Emily. Increasing respiratory syncytial virus vaccination rates through a provider education program : a quality improvement project. University of Missouri - Columbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/106501.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) primarily affects the lower respiratory tract and can lead to severe respiratory illness, particularly in older adults and those with compromised immune systems. Currently, there is no cure for RSV; hence, prevention through vaccination is critical. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved single-dose vaccines for adults aged 60 years and older, recommended for administration prior to the RSV season. Methods. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed to assess the impact of an RSV vaccine informational session tailored to primary care providers on vaccination rates among adults aged 60 years and older attending a primary care clinic in Oakland, California. The intervention included a single informational session in June 2024, covering vaccination benefits, addressing vaccine hesitancy, and documentation guidelines. Chart reviews were conducted at two time points: April to June 2024 (T1) and July to September 2024 (T2), with 132 charts reviewed at each timepoint. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results. There were a total of 264 patients sampled, with no RSV vaccinations documented in T1 and seven (2.7%) documented in T2. There was a statistically significant increase in vaccination rates between T1 and T2 (p = .01). The use of provider-led discussion ICD-10 codes also increased significantly between T1 and T2 (p = .005). However, overall RSV vaccine uptake remained low. Conclusion. The RSV vaccine informational session improved vaccination rates and provider-led discussions. Despite these improvements, overall vaccination uptake was minimal, indicating the need for continued efforts to address vaccine hesitancy and enhance provider engagement in vaccine promotion. Future interventions should include electronic medical record (EMR) alerts to support vaccination eligibility identification and repeated educational sessions to sustain change over time.
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กัลล์ประวิทธ์, มาริษศักร์, ไพวิภา สุทธิพงศ์, ชนินทร์ กัลล์ประวิทธ์ та จุรี ประมัตต์วินัย. การใช้ตาข่ายไนล่อนในการแก้ไขไส้เลื่อนที่สะดือสุกร : รายงานการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1988. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1988.40.

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สุกรที่มีไส้เลื่อนที่สะดือจำนวน 39 ตัว ได้รับการรักษาทางศัลยกรรมโดยใช้ตาข่ายไนล่อนปิดช่องปากถุงไส้เลื่อน (Hernial ring) จำนวน 30 ตัว และโดยใช้ไหมไนล่อนเย็บแบบ “vest-over-pants” จำนวน 9 ตัว ใช้สุกร 20 ตัว สำหรับศึกษาปฏิกิริยาการตอบสนองของเนื้อเยื่อร่างกาย (Tissue reaction) ต่อตาข่ยไนล่อนภายหลังผ่าตัด 2, 4, 6 และ 8 สัปดาห์ ในสุกรระยะเวลาละ 5 ตัว พบ fibrous connective tissue, giant cells และ mast cells ในบริเวณรอบ ๆ เส้นไหมไนล่อนทุกระยะที่ศึกษาในประมาณที่ไม่แตกต่างกัน ในการเปรียบเทียบผลการรักษาแบบใช้ตาข่ายไนล่อนในสุกรที่เหลือ 10 ตัว กับแบบใช้ไหมไนล่อนเย็บแบบ “vest-over-pants” ในสุกร 9 ตัว โดยใช้ Chi-square-test พบว่าทั้ง 2 วิธีให้ผลการรักษาไม่แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 จากการติดตามผลการรักษาจนกระทั่งสุกรถูกส่งขาย 4-24 สัปดาห์ พบว่าสุกรกลุ่มที่ใช้ตาข่ายไนล่อนซึ่งมีขนาดเส้นรอบวงปากถุงไส้เลื่อน 4-14 นิ้ว หายเป็นปกติ 9 ตัว ส่วนอีก 1 ตัว กลับเป็นใหม่กลุ่มที่ใช้ไหมไนล่อนซึ่งมีขนาดเส้นรอบวงปากถุงไส้เลื่อน 3.8-14 นิ้ว หายเป็นปกติ 7 ตัว ขณะที่สุกร 2 ตัว กลับเป็นไส้เลื่อนขึ้นมาใหม่
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รัชชุกูล, สุชาดา. ผลลัพธ์ของการคลอดเองโดยธรรมชาติกับการเร่งคลอด : รายงานผลการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2003. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2003.17.

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การวิจัยเชิงพรรณนา (Descriptive Research) ครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาเปรียบเทียบผลลัพธ์ของการคลอดที่เกิดกับผู้คลอดและทารกแรกเกิดและเปรียบเทียบความพึงพอใจในการคลอดระหว่างผู้ที่คลอดเองโดยธรรมชาติและผู้ที่คลอดแบบเร่งคลอด กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นผู้คลอดที่รับไว้ในห้องคลอดโรงพยาบาลเจริญกรุงประชารักษ์ คัดเลือกแบบเฉพาะเจาะจงได้จำนวน 727 คน แบ่งเป็นผู้คลอดเองโดยธรรมชาติ 136 คนและผู้คลอดแบบเร่งคลอด 136 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัยประกอบด้วย แบบประเมินผลลัพธ์การคลอดของผู้คลอดและทารกแรกเกิด และแบบสอบถามความถึงพอใจในการคลอด ตรวจสอบค่าความเที่ยงของเครื่องมือได้ 0.92 วิเคราะห์ของข้อมูลโดยใช้ค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าไคสแควร์ (Chi square) และค่าที่ (Independent t-test) ผลการศึกษาสรุปได้ดังนี้ 1. ผลลัพธ์ของการคลอดในผู้คลอดระหว่างผู้คลอดเองโดยธรรมชาติกับผู้คลอดแบบเร่งคลอดพบว่า มีความแตกต่างกันใน 6 ตัวชี้วัด คือ วิธีการคลอด การได้รับสารน้ำเข้าเส้นเลือด การได้รับยาระงับปวดด การเกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนในการคลอด ค่าใช้จ่ายในการรักษาและระยะเวลาที่สามของการคลอดอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05 ส่วนอี 2 ตัวชี้วัด คือ จำนวนการสูญเสียโลหิตในการคลอดและระยะเวลาที่อยู่ในโรงพยาบาลพบว่า ไม่มีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05 2. ผลลัพธ์ของการคลอดในทารกแรกเกิดระหว่างการคลอดเองโดยธรรมชาติและการคลอดแบบเร่งคลอดพบว่า ไม่มีความแตกต่างกันทั้ง 8 ตัวชี้วัด คือ ค่า blood gas ค่า apgar score ที่ 1 และ 5 นาที อัตราการเต้นของหัวใจทารกในครรภ์ ภาวะแทรกซ้อนจากการคลอด การบาดเจ็บจากการคลอด ภาวะตัวเหลืองแรกเกิด ระยะเวลาที่อยู่โรงพยาบาล และค่าใช้จ่ายในการรักษา 3. ความพึงพอใจในการคลอดทั้งของผู้คลอดเองโดยธรรมชาติและผู้คลอดแบบเร่งคลอดพบว่า อยู่ในระดับมาก (x [bar]= 3.74, S.D. = .57 และ x [bar] = 3.82, S.D. = .52 ตามลำดับ) และผลการเปรียบเทียบความพึงพอใจทั้งโดยรวมและรายด้านพบว่า ทั้ง 2 กลุ่มไม่มีความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05
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8

Conover, W. J., D. D. Cox, and H. F. Martz. A chi-square goodness-of-fit test for non-identically distributed random variables: with application to empirical Bayes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/645488.

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9

Bak, A. Spicer, Patrick Durkin, Brittany Bruder, Matthew Saenz, Michael Forte, and Katherine Brodie. Amphibious uncrewed ground vehicle for coastal surfzone survey. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48130.

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The capability of a commercial off-the-shelf amphibious bottom crawling robot is explored for surveying seamless topography and bathymetry across the beachface, surfzone, and very nearshore. A real-time-kinematic (RTK) antenna on a mast was added to the robotic platform, a Bayonet-350 (previously the C2i SeaOx). Data collected from the robot were compared with those collected by the Coastal Research Amphibious Buggy (CRAB) and the Lighter Amphibious Resupply Cargo (LARC), unique amphibious vessels capable of collecting seamless topography and bathymetry in use for decades at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center’s Field Research Facility (FRF). Data were compared on five different days in a range of wave conditions (Hs &lt; 1 m in 8-m depth) resulting in a root-mean square difference of 8.7 cm and bias of 2 cm for 24 different cross-shore profile comparisons. Additionally, a repeatability test was performed to assess measurement uncertainty. The repeatability test indicated a total vertical uncertainty (TVU) of 5.8 cm, with the highest spatial error at the shoreline.
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Chaithongwongwatthana, Surasith, Jintanat Ananworanich, Nadia Kancheva Landolt, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Nittaya Phanuphak, and Nipay Teeratakulpisarn. Reproductive health and HIV contraception and the prevention of HIV infection-Conception and contraception in Thai people living with HIV : Report of project results. Chulalongkorn University, 2011. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2011.16.

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Abstract Objective: To assess sex practices, contraceptive methods used and the intention for conception in Thai heterosexual HIV-positive women and men, who are either married or in a stable relationship. Methods: We applied a mixed research method, by gathering quantitative data, via administering a questionnaire, and qualitative data, via conducting focus group discussions (FGD). 200 HIV-positive men and women at HIV-NAT clinic and Anonymous Clinic in Bangkok, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Eleven female participants took part in two FGD, based on their intention for conception. Statistical analysis: We used descriptive statistics to present the results from the questionnaire. To assess association between two variables of interest we applied logistic regression or Chi-square exact test. We used a narrative approach to present the results from the FGD. Results: The median age of the participants was 37 years, and they were living for a median of 8.5 years with HIV. Almost all participants were sexually active and almost all were on successful antiretroviral therapy. The most cornmon choice of contraception for women was the male condom, followed by female sterilization (40%). Half of them reported the use of dual contraception. Almost all rnen reported consistent condom use. Most of the participants had sex with their main partner, of whom one-third were HIV-negative. One-fifth of men had sexual relationship with an occasional partner. The intention for conception was significantly less after being diagnosed with HIV. Nevertheless, 25% of the participants expressed a desire to have a child. There was a significant association between the intention for conception and the fewer years of being married and the lower number of living children. Men and women with higher levels of education tended to have a stronger desire for a child. Discussion: Thai men and women with stable HIV and married or in a stable relationship are sexually active and tend to practise safe sex. Many desire to have children. Therefore, there is a need to provide comprehensive reproductive health care services to this group of people. HIV-positive rnen and women, who want to have children, should be supported and counseled regarding safe ways to conceive. For those who do not want to have children, there is a substantial choice of contraceptive methods.
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