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Journal articles on the topic 'Chewing lice'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Siyal, S., S. Naz, N. A. Birmani, and A. K. Thebo. "POPULATION DIVERSITY OF CHEWING LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA) INFESTING DUCKS AND GEESE (FAMILY ANATIDAE) IN SOUTHEAST PARTS OF PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences 38, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47432/2022.38.2.5.

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The birds and chewing lice relationship depends on environmental conditions that cause morbidity by feeding on feathers, irritating them, hence affecting their economic importance. In the present work, the statistical taxonomical analysis of the chewing lice was done using the population distribution, prevalence and host-parasite interaction. The chewing lice (Phthiraptera) were planned to study the population burden and infestation rate in ducks and geese in local water bodies in Sindh. The study was conducted between September 2018 and August 2021. Total of 124 birds, including Anas acuta, A. crecca, A. platyrhynchos, A. querquedula, Aythya ferina, A. fuligula, A. nyroca, Anser albifrons, A. anser, Marmaronetta angustirostris and Spatula clypeata were used. Amongst 124 host birds, only 58 birds were found infested with 46.77% prevalence of chewing lice. A total of 405 chewing lice were collected among them 137 males, 178 females and 90 nymphs were recovered, including 8 species, Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763), A. mergiserrati (de Geer, 1778), Anatoecous dentatus (Scopoli, 1763), A. icterodes (Nitzsch, 1818), Holomenopon fatemae (Naz and Rizvi, 2012), H. leucoxanthum (Burmeister, 1838), Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius, 1805) and T. qurequdulae (Linnaeus, 1758). The highest abundance and frequency (%) of chewing lice recorded for Anaticola crassicornis were 125 and 30.86% respectively, whereas the lowest for Anatoecus dentatus were 12 and 2.96% respectively. Among birds, the highest host-wise prevalence of lice infestation was found in A. ferina (58.33%), whereas the least prevalence was in A. albifrons (22.22%). Among lice species, the highest mean intensity was recorded by Anaticola crassicornis (13.89±3.33) and the least mean intensity was for Holomenopon fatemae mean intensity (2.6±0.4). It was also the first collective report on the chewing lice population burden on anatid birds in the Sindh region of Pakistan.

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2

SÁNCHEZ-MONTES, SOKANI, PABLO COLUNGA-SALAS, LUCÍA ÁLVAREZ-CASTILLO, CARMEN GUZMÁN-CORNEJO, and GRISELDA MONTIEL-PARRA. "Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico." Zootaxa 4372, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1.

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The chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) of Mexico have been little studied and many publications include isolated records. This paper summarizes current knowledge of chewing lice recorded from Mexico resulting from an exhaustive search of the literature published from 1866 to 2017. We found 342 louse species associated with 206 bird and 28 mammal species. As a result, we provide a checklist of the chewing lice recorded from Mexico, including a host-parasite list and their geographical distribution within the country.

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3

Yevstafieva, V. A. "Chewing Lice (Order Mallophaga, Suborders Amblycera and Ichnocera) Fauna of Domestic Chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) in Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 49, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2015-0044.

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Fauna of chewing lice parasitizing Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758 (domestic chicken) in the Poltava Region was studied. Four species of chewing lice belonging to Menoponidae, Amblycera and Goniodidae, Ischnocera were identified. Of them, Menopon gallinae, Linnaeus, 1758 and Menacantus stramineus Nitzsch, 1818 are dominant, and Menacantus cornutus Schommer, 1913 and Goniocotes hologaster Nitzsch, 1838 are rarer. The prevalence and intensity of infestation of chewing lice on chickens and their localization on the host’s body were studied. Ratio of body lengths is proposed as a character that can facilitate parasites’ identification

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4

Sychra, O. "Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from chukars (Alectoris chukar) from a pheasant farm in Jinacovice (CzechRepublic)." Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 5 (March 28, 2012): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5617-vetmed.

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One hundred and twenty captive chukars (Alectoris chukar) and other hosts from a pheasant farm in Jinacovice (Czech Republic) were searched for chewing lice from July 2003 to April 2004. Seven species of chewing lice were found on chukars: Amyrsidea perdicis, Menacanthus pallidulus, Menopon gallinae (Amblycera); Goniodes colchici, Lipeurus maculosus, Goniocotes microthorax and Cuclotogaster heterographus (Ischnocera). Except for the last two mentioned species, the other five louse species are recorded for the first time on chukars. The prevalence, mean intensity of infestation and mean abundance of the lice from chukars were recorded. The species diversity and distribution of chewing lice from another eight species of gallinaceous birds kept in the pheasant farm were also recorded.

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5

Haase, Ben, and Juan José Alava. "First records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) in Pacific migratory shorebirds wintering in Ecuador." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 23, no. 2 (June 2014): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612014026.

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Chewing lice were collected from small shorebirds (Charadriformes: Scolopacidae) overwintering in foraging grounds of coastal Ecuador. On 27 occasions at least one louse (3.7%) was collected from six host species. Based on external morphological characters, at least two species of chewing lice could be preliminary identified (family: Menoponidae), including Actornithophilus umbrinus(Burmeister, 1842) and Austromenopon sp. A. umbrinus was found in the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri), Least Sandpiper (C. minutilla), Stilt Sandpiper (C. himantopus), Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) and Wilson's phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor), whileAustromenopon sp. is presumably the first record collected from the Surfbird (Aphriza virgata). These findings indicate that the distribution of these chewing lice species covers at least the regions around the equator (latitude 0°) until the Arctic in the north, but probably also includes the entire winter distribution area of the host species. This is the first study of chewing lice from Ecuador's mainland coast and more research is required to understand the host-parasite ecology and ectoparasitic infection in shorebirds stopping over the region.

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6

Banks, Jonathan C., and Adrian M. Paterson. "A penguin-chewing louse (Insecta : Phthiraptera) phylogeny derived from morphology." Invertebrate Systematics 18, no. 1 (2004): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is03022.

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Penguins are parasitised by 15 species of lice in the genera Austrogoniodes and Nesiotinus and present an opportunity to analyse phylogenetic relationships of two complete genera of chewing lice parasitising a monophyletic group of hosts. Taxonomy of penguin lice has been revised several times, including the erection of the genus Cesareus to contain some of the penguin-chewing louse species. Additionally, other groups of species within Austrogoniodes have been proposed. We constructed a phylogeny for all the chewing lice parasitising penguins from 46 parsimony-informative morphological characters and found support for two groups within Austrogoniodes, but little support for the Cesareus genus. Austrogoniodes metoecus, the only Austrogoniodes species parasitising a bird other than a penguin, was basal in the phylogeny, which suggests that if A. metoecus did originate from a louse species parasitising penguins, the host-switching event was unlikely to have been recent. A�superficial comparison of louse and penguin phylogenies identified some potential instances of co-speciation. However, a full analysis of co-phylogenetic relationships between penguins and their lice awaits the publication of a better-resolved penguin phylogeny.

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7

OŠLEJŠKOVÁ, LUCIE, JÁN KRIŠTOFÍK, ALFRÉD TRNKA, and OLDŘICH SYCHRA. "An annotated checklist of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Slovakia." Zootaxa 5069, no. 1 (November 19, 2021): 1–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5069.1.1.

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This checklist includes taxa of chewing lice from published records, old collections, and recently collected material from birds and mammals in Slovakia. Data from established collections correspond to five different periods: (1) 1925–1939, collection of Karel Pfleger; (2) 1946–1978, collection of František Balát; (3) 1974–1985, collection of Vladimír Straka; (4) 1997–2012, collection of Ján Krištofík; and (5) 2008–2019, a collection made by the authors of this paper. A total of 255 species of feather lice—67 amblyceran species in 22 genera of families Laemobothriidae, Menoponidae and Ricinidae, and 188 ischnoceran species in 54 genera of the family Philopteridae—and 366 host-louse associations are listed from 171 bird species in 21 orders. In addition, eight species of chewing lice in five genera of the family Trichodectidae are listed from eight species of mammals. Species of chewing lice are reported from about 240 different locations throughout the territory of Slovakia. Also, 43 species of lice and 20 host-louse associations for Slovakia, as well as four host-louse associations for the world, are included as new records. A host-louse list of recorded species is also given.

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8

Galloway, Terry D., and Robert J. Lamb. "Population Dynamics of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera) Infesting Birds (Aves)." Annual Review of Entomology 66, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-041420-075608.

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In the past 25 years, studies on interactions between chewing lice and their bird hosts have increased notably. This body of work reveals that sampling of live avian hosts, collection of the lice, and the aggregated distributions of louse infestations pose challenges for assessing louse populations. The number of lice on a bird varies among host taxa, often with host size and social system. Host preening behavior limits louse abundance, depending on bill shape. The small communities of lice (typically one–four species) that live on individual birds show species-specific patterns of abundance, with consistently common and rare species, and lower year-to-year population variability than other groups of insects. Most species of lice appear to breed continuously on their hosts, with seasonal patterns of abundance sometimes related to host reproduction and molting. Competition may have led to spatial partitioning of the host by louse species, but seldom contributes to current patterns of abundance.

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9

Galloway, Terry D., and Robert J. Lamb. "Population Dynamics of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera) Infesting Birds (Aves)." Annual Review of Entomology 66, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-041420-075608.

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In the past 25 years, studies on interactions between chewing lice and their bird hosts have increased notably. This body of work reveals that sampling of live avian hosts, collection of the lice, and the aggregated distributions of louse infestations pose challenges for assessing louse populations. The number of lice on a bird varies among host taxa, often with host size and social system. Host preening behavior limits louse abundance, depending on bill shape. The small communities of lice (typically one–four species) that live on individual birds show species-specific patterns of abundance, with consistently common and rare species, and lower year-to-year population variability than other groups of insects. Most species of lice appear to breed continuously on their hosts, with seasonal patterns of abundance sometimes related to host reproduction and molting. Competition may have led to spatial partitioning of the host by louse species, but seldom contributes to current patterns of abundance.

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10

Valim, Michel P., Marcos A. Raposo, and Nicolau M. Serra-Freire. "Associations between chewing lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) and albatrosses and petrels (Aves, Procellariiformes) collected in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23, no. 4 (December 2006): 1111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752006000400019.

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Chewing lice were searched on 197 skins of 28 species of procellariiform birds collected in Brazil. A total of 38 species of lice were found on 112 skins belonging to 22 bird species. The lice were slide-mounted and identified. A list of lice species found and their host species is given and some host-louse associations are discussed under an evolutionary perspective.

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11

Valim, Michel P., Francine M. Lambrecht, and Élvia E. S. Vianna. "New records of chewing lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) from birds of southern Brazil, with description of a new species." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 99, no. 3 (September 2009): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212009000300004.

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A collection of chewing lice was studied from the Natural History Museum of the Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Twenty three samples from 16 bird species were examined. Included therein was a new species of the genus Plegadiphilus Bedford, 1939 which is described, illustrated and compared to P. cayennensis Emerson & Price, 1969. An updated list of chewing lice species recorded from birds of that state is presented.

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12

Grossi, Alexandra Ashley, Myung-Bok Lee, Chunpo Tian, Fasheng Zou, Chi-Yeung Choi, and Daniel Roland Gustafsson. "Host Migration and Size Do Not Influence the Prevalence of Most Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on Shorebirds (Aves: Charadriiformes) across the World." Diversity 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020200.

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Patterns of prevalence in chewing lice (Phthiraptera) on wild birds are poorly known, as are the underlying factors that influence these patterns. Here, we analyze a data set consisting of published prevalence data of lice on shorebirds, as well as new prevalence data from shorebirds examined in Australia, Canada, China, Japan, and Sweden between 2007 and 2020. In total, prevalence data from 10 genera of lice from over 110 host species were included, including all major families of shorebirds. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we examine how the prevalence of lice of different genera varies between different sets of birds, focusing on two factors associated with migration (migration length and migration route). We found that host body size does not influence prevalence of lice in the Charadriiformes for any of the four most common and widely distributed louse genera (Actornithophilus, Austromenopon, Quadraceps, and Saemundssonia). Moreover, neither of the two migration variables showed any statistically significant correlations with prevalence, except for the genus Saemundssonia in which the prevalence of lice on short-distance migrants was significantly higher than on intermediate- and long-distance migrants. We also present 15 new records of chewing lice for China and 12 for Australia.

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13

NAJER, TOMAS, OLDRICH SYCHRA, NGUYEN MANH HUNG, MIROSLAV CAPEK, PETR PODZEMNY, and IVAN LITERAK. "New species and new records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae) in Vietnam." Zootaxa 3357, no. 1 (June 26, 2012): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3357.1.3.

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Seven species of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) were found on five species of bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae)in northern Vietnam. Three new species of the genera Brueelia and Philopteroides are described; they and their type hostsare: Brueelia flavala ex Hemixos flavala Blyth, 1845 B. cucphuongensis ex Pycnonotus finlaysoni Strickland, 1844 andPhilopteroides flavala ex Hemixos flavala Blyth, 1845. First records of chewing lice from Hemixos castanonotus Swin-hoe, 1870 and Iole propinqua (Oustalet, 1903), and a new host record for Myrsidea ochracei and Sturnidoecus sp. are also included.

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14

Lombardo, Michael P., Patricia Drake, Amber Olson, Sango Otieno, Lena Spadacene, and Patrick A. Thorpe. "Feather-chewing lice and Tree Swallow biology." Auk 132, no. 3 (July 2015): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/auk-14-252.1.

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15

NAJER, TOMAS, OLDRICH SYCHRA, NGUYEN MANH HUNG, MIROSLAV CAPEK, PETR PODZEMNY, and IVAN LITERAK. "Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from wild passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in northern Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species." Zootaxa 3530, no. 1 (October 30, 2012): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3530.1.6.

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Thirteen species of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) were found on 46 wild passerines of 10 species in Cuc PhuongNational Park in northern Vietnam. Three new species of the genera Myrsidea and Brueelia are described; they and theirtype hosts are: Myrsidea annae ex Schoeniparus rufogularis (Mandelli, 1873), Brueelia hrabali ex Macronous gularis(Horsfield, 1822) and Brueelia neodaumae ex Zoothera dauma (Latham, 1790). First records of chewing lice from Seril-ophus lunatus (Gould, 1834), Stachyris nigriceps Blyth, 1844, Niltava davidi La Touche, 1907 and Alcippe morrisonia Swinhoe, 1863, and a new host record for Menacanthus nogoma Uchida, 1926 are also included.

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16

Herald, F., F. W. Knapp, and J. Cilek. "Oral Administration of a Levamisole—Famphur Paste for Cattle Lice Control, 1984-85." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.457.

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Abstract Five mixed-breed cattle were randomly assigned to each of 5 treatments to evaluate the effectiveness of varying rates of famphur in combination with levamisole paste for lice control. Levamisole dosage was constant at 8 mg/kg. Warbex (famphur) pour-on at 40 mg/kg was used as a treatment comparison. All treatments were applied 28 Feb. Pretreatment lice populations were quantified by making two 3-cm hair partings in 18 sites and counting the lice present. Sites checked included ears, eyes, muzzle, jaws, brisket, shoulders, backline, tailhead, and hips. The actual sucking and chewing lice numbers found were recorded. Posttreatment lice counts were at 2, 4, 7, 18, 23, 28, and 35 days.

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17

Touati, Laïd, Mohammed Athamnia, Riad Nedjah, Abdennour Boucheker, Farrah Samraoui, Hamed A. El-Serehy, and Boudjéma Samraoui. "Composition and Distribution on a Host of Avian Lice of White Storks in North-Eastern Algeria." Diversity 14, no. 2 (January 22, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14020077.

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The diversity and spatial distribution of ectoparasites of a large colony of white stork Ciconia ciconia at Dréan, in north-eastern Algeria, were investigated during two consecutive breeding seasons. The results indicated that nestlings were infested by the following four louse species: Colpocephalum zebra (Burmeister, 1838), Neophilopterus incompletus (Denny, 1842), Ardeicola ciconiae (Linnaeus, 1758), and Ciconiphilus quadripustulatus (Burmeister, 1838). Overall, the distribution of chewing lice exhibited a clustered distribution, with C. zebra being the most frequent species, with a prevalence of 39.6% and 41.0% in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Our results also suggested niche partitioning among the four louse species within the host’s body parts. A generalized additive model indicated that size, sex, and year influenced the abundance of ectoparasites; the abundance of chewing lice increased with the size of the host and was greater in females, as well as in the first year of study. Further studies are needed to explore the spatio-temporal variability in white storks’ lice infestations.

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18

SHIMADA, MEGUMI, and KAZUNORI YOSHIZAWA. "New records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from the black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor)." Zootaxa 4612, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4612.1.10.

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Three species of chewing lice—Eucolpocephalum femorale (Piaget, 1880) (Amblycera: Menoponidae), Ibidoecus plataleae (Denny, 1842) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae) and Ardeicola plataleae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae)—are reported from the black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor Temminck & Schlegel, 1849) in Japan. These three louse species are new records for this host. The black-faced spoonbill is classified as a “Critically Endangered” species in the IUCN Red List; although its species of lice are known to infest other species of spoonbills, these lice are endangered at the population level.

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19

Lamb, Robert J., and Terry D. Galloway. "Stability of chewing louse (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) populations infesting great horned owls (Aves: Strigidae)." Canadian Entomologist 152, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.69.

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AbstractThe annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded on great horned owls (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin), Aves: Strigidae) from 1994 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada. Kurodaia magna Emerson (Amblycera: Menoponidae) had a mean annual abundance about half that for Strigiphilus oculatus (Rudow) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Mean intensity, rather than prevalence, explained the variation in annual abundance. Temporal variation (measured as population variability) in abundance and mean intensity were high and similar (0.62–0.67), but lower for nymph to female ratio (0.36–0.38). Temporal variation of prevalence and sex ratio were higher for K. magna (0.34–0.35) than for S. oculatus (0.21–0.22), and typical for other louse species. The high temporal variability for abundance and mean intensity suggest lower year-to-year stability than exhibited by other chewing lice, but over 80% of this variability was due to sampling error resulting from small sample sizes in some years and extreme intensities in the aggregated distributions of intensity. The remaining variation, < 20%, revealed no significant differences in annual abundance or mean intensity among years, and therefore stable populations over 22 years. Populations of 12 species of chewing lice show lower temporal variability and therefore greater stability than three other insect taxa.

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20

Oliveira, Plínio Aguiar, Jerônimo Lopes Ruas, Luciana Siqueira Santos, Natália Soares Martins, Sara Patron Da Motta, Carolina Caetano dos Santos, Felipe Geraldo Pappen, and Nara Amélia Farias. "CHEWING LICE (Phthiraptera) FROM CRESTED CARACARA (Caracara plancus, Falconidae) IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL." Science And Animal Health 7, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/sah.v7i3.16384.

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This study was carried out to detect chewing lice species occurring on Crested Caracara (Caracara plancus) in Southern Brazil between January 2014 and December 2018. For this aim, the road-kill birds were collected for parasitological studies at the Biology Institute, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology of the Federal University of Pelotas. Fourteen road-kill birds were examined for ectoparasites. The birds were washed with water and detergent for the collection of ectoparasites by filtration using a 150 μm mesh sieve. The samples were separated into pellet and supernatant and were kept in microcentrifuge tubes containing ethyl alcohol 70% for the screening procedures and identification. A total of 794 specimens of lice were collected and examined, presenting the following breakdown by Amblycera suborder: Colpocephalum flavescens (753/94.84%), Laemobothrion vulturis (9/1.13%), and Ischnocera suborder: Caracaricola chimangophilus (30/3.78%) and Lipeurus sp. (2/0.25%). It was found that all the caracara examined were parasitized by one or more species of Phthiraptera, with multiple or moderate level of infestation (101 to 1,000 lice/birds). C. flavescens was the most frequent and abundant species with 100% of the birds parasitized and an average of 53,7 lice/birds.

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21

Weckstein, Jason D. "Biogeography Explains Cophylogenetic Patterns in Toucan Chewing Lice." Systematic Biology 53, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150490265085.

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22

Diakou, Anastasia, José Bernardo Pedroso Couto Soares, Haralambos Alivizatos, Maria Panagiotopoulou, Savas Kazantzidis, Ivan Literák, and Oldřich Sychra. "Chewing lice from wild birds in northern Greece." Parasitology International 66, no. 5 (October 2017): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2017.07.003.

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23

Hellenthal, R. A., and R. D. Price. "Biosystematics of the Chewing Lice of Pocket Gophers." Annual Review of Entomology 36, no. 1 (January 1991): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.001153.

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24

BANKS, J. C., R. L. PALMA, and A. M. PATERSON. "Cophylogenetic relationships between penguins and their chewing lice." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 19, no. 1 (January 2006): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00983.x.

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25

Moreira do Nascimento, Rafael, Ralph Maturano, Mariana Oliveira, and Erik Daemon. "First record of Cebidicola semiarmatus (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) on the red howler monkey, Alouatta guariba clamintans (Primate: Atelidae) in Brazil." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 44, no. 1 (August 5, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v44i1.6550.

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Lice are highly specialized parasites that spend their entire life cycle on their host. Thus, a particular species of chewing lice is often restricted either to a single host species or to a phylogenetically related species. About 560 species of these insects parasitize mammals exclusively. Cebidicola semiarmatus is one of these species, known to parasitize several primate species of the genus Aloautta. This paper presents the first record of C. semiarmatus parasitizing A. guariba clamintans.

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26

Galloway, Terry D. "Phthiraptera of Canada." ZooKeys 819 (January 24, 2019): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.26160.

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There are approximately 463 species of parasitic lice recorded in Canada, in three suborders: Amblycera, six families; Ischnocera, two families; Anoplura, eight families. At least an additional 361 species may eventually be recorded based on presence of suitable hosts and proximity to known distributions. Approximately 41 species are introduced non-native species. Only about 54% of the expected chewing louse fauna has been recorded, and considerable collecting effort is needed, especially for lice infesting passerine birds, shorebirds, and seabirds. The sucking louse fauna is well known, with approximately 88% of the expected fauna recorded. Investigations into ecology of lice and the nature of relationships with their hosts are badly needed. Barcode Index Numbers are available for only 13 species of parasitic lice in Canada.

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Гапонов, Сергей Петрович. "New data at fauna of the chewing lice (Mallophaga) in Voronezh region of Russia." Herald of Tver State University. Series: Biology and Ecology, no. 1(61) (April 13, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtbio185.

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На основании инвентаризации материала, собранного в 1990-2020 гг., список пухоедов Воронежской области пополнен 15 новыми для региона видами. Впервые указываются 10 видов пухоедов-паразитов птиц: Amyrsidea megalosoma (Overgaard, 1943), Eomenacanthas stramineus Nitzsch, 1818, Dennyus hirundinis (L., 1761), Menopon gallinae L., 1758, Goniodes truncatus Giebel, 1861, Goniodes piageti Johnston, Harrison, 1912, Goniocotes gallinae De Geer, 1778, Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli, 1763), Anaticola crassicornis crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763), Columbicola columbae Ewing, 1929, и 5 видов пухоедов-паразитов млекопитающих: Trichodectes canis De Geer, 1778, Felicola subrostratus (Nitzsch, 1838), Bovicola bovis (Linnaeus, 1758), Bovicola caprae (Gurlt, 1798) и Bovicola longicornis L., 1758. На сегодняшний день фауна пухоедов Воронежской области и Центрального Черноземного региона содержит 41 вид Mallophaga. Based on the inventory of the material collected in 1990-2020, the list of chewing lice in the Voronezh region was expanded with 15 new species for the region. For the first time, 10 species of parasitic chewing lice are reported: Amyrsidea megalosoma (Overgaard, 1943), Eomenacanthas stramineus Nitzsch, 1818, Dennyus hirundinis (L., 1761), Menopon gallinae L., 1758, Goniodes truncatus Giebeldes, 1861, Gontiio , 1912, Goniocotes gallinae De Geer, 1778, Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli, 1763), Anaticola crassicornis crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763), Columbicola columbae Ewing, 1929, and 5 species of down-eating parasites of mammals: Trichodectes canis Ferstus Geerstus (Nitzsch, 1838), Bovicola bovis (Linnaeus, 1758), Bovicola caprae (Gurlt, 1798) and Bovicola longicornis L., 1758. Today, thus, the fauna of the chewing lice of the Voronezh Region and the Central Black Earth Region contains 41 species of Mallophaga.

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GUSTAFSSON, DANIEL R., and FASHENG ZOU. "Descriptions of three congeneric species of chewing lice of the Oxylipeurus-complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, including a new genus and a new species." Zootaxa 4801, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 488–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4801.3.4.

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The lice of the Oxylipeurus-complex parasitising the turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, belong to a previously undescribed genus. In this paper, we describe this genus as Valimia new genus, redescribe two of its species: Lipeurus polytrapezius Burmeister, 1838 and Oxylipeurus corpulentus Clay, 1938, and describe the new species Valimia necopinata, discovered during our examination of samples of the two known species. This occurrence represents the first record of three congeneric species of chewing lice parasitising the same host individual.

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Galloway, Terry D., Robert J. Lamb, and Zoe D. L. Rempel. "Infestation parameters for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) parasitising true thrushes (Aves: Passeriformes: Turdidae) in Manitoba, Canada." Canadian Entomologist 153, no. 5 (July 1, 2021): 538–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2021.29.

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AbstractSeven species of Turdidae (Aves: Passeriformes) in Manitoba, Canada were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera) in 1993–2019: Turdus migratorius (N = 570), Catharus ustulatus (N = 135), Catharus guttatus (N = 49), Catharus minimus (N = 12), Catharus fuscescens (N = 1), Sialia sialis (N = 4), and Sialia currucoides (N = 3). Five species of lice on T. migratorius had a prevalence of 24.0% and a mean intensity of 16.7. Overall prevalence for lice on C. ustulatus, C. guttatus, and C. minimus was 25.0%–59.2%; mean intensity was 7.0–23.3. On S. sialis, the prevalence was 50.0%; mean intensity was 10.0. No lice infested C. fuscescens or S. currucoides. Infestation parameters for each louse–host combination are provided. Louse infestations were highly aggregated. Female lice were more prevalent than males, especially for Ricinus elongatus (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Ricinidae) infesting T. migratorius (eight males; 81 females), or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. Infestation parameters were higher for adult T. migratorius than for juveniles or feathered chicks but not significantly so. Mean intensity was greater in spring than in fall. Louse abundance was lower than on hosts of similar size in Manitoba and lower than on thrushes in other studies.

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Dik, Bilal, Mehmet Ali Kirpik, Cagan Sekercioglu, and Yakup Sasmaz. "Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera) Found on Songbirds (Passeriformes) in Turkey." Turkish Journal of Parasitology 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2011.09.

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Tomás, André, Ricardo L. Palma, Maria Teresa Rebelo, and Isabel Pereira da Fonseca. "Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from wild birds in southern Portugal." Parasitology International 65, no. 3 (June 2016): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2016.02.007.

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ILIEVA, MIHAELA. "Checklist of the chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from wild birds in Bulgaria." Zootaxa 2138, no. 1 (June 22, 2009): 1–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2138.1.1.

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The checklist includes 282 chewing lice species belonging to 63 genera, 4 families and 2 suborders recorded in Bulgaria until 2008. Their hosts represent 194 bird species belonging to 48 families and 18 orders. Synonyms used in the Bulgarian literature are included.

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HOI, H., J. KRIŠTOFÍK, A. DAROLOVÁ, and C. HOI. "Experimental evidence for costs due to chewing lice in the European bee-eater (Merops apiaster)." Parasitology 139, no. 1 (September 29, 2011): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001727.

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SUMMARYAnimals frequently host organisms on their surface which can be beneficial, have no effect or a negative effect on their host. Ectoparasites, by definition, are those which incur costs to their host, but these costs may vary. Examples of avian ectoparasites are chewing lice which feed exclusively on dead feather or skin material; therefore, costs to their bird hosts are generally considered small. Theoretically, many possible proximate effects exist, like loss of tissue or food, infected bites, transmission of microparasitic diseases or reduced body insulation due to loss of feathers, which may ultimately also have fitness consequences. Here, we experimentally examined a possible negative impact of 2 feather-eating louse species (Meropoecus meropisandBrueelia apiastri) on male and female European bee-eaters (Merops apiaster) by removing or increasing louse loads and comparing their impact to a control group (lice removed and immediately returned) after 1 month. A negative effect of chewing lice was found on body mass and sedimentation rate and to a lesser extent on haematocrit levels. Males and females lost more weight when bearing heavy louse loads, and were more susceptible to infestations as indicated by the higher sedimentation rate. Our results further suggest differences in sex-specific susceptibility.

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Galloway, Terry D., and Robert J. Lamb. "Abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) increases with the body size of their host woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)." Canadian Entomologist 149, no. 4 (June 21, 2017): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.18.

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AbstractSpecimens of five species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) from Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice, 1998–2015: downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n=49), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n=23), pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n=10), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n=170), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n=239). The relationship between body mass of each host species and infestation by seven species of lice was analysed: Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all host species, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from Picoides Lacépède species, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from the other four hosts, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flicker, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from Picoides species, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Mean abundance of lice increased with the mean mass of their host. Neither the species richness of lice nor the prevalence of lice were related to host body mass. Host body mass explained 98% of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts. The positive association of mean intensity and body size was also detected for three genera of lice. Louse intensity also increased with body size for individual birds, more so for some species of lice and hosts than others. Body size matters, but the adaptations that allow higher mean intensity on larger host species remain to be determined.

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Lamb, Robert J., and Terry D. Galloway. "Host body size and the abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting eight owl species (Aves: Strigiformes) in Manitoba, Canada." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 5 (August 2, 2019): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.43.

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AbstractSpecimens (n = 508) of eight species of owl (Aves: Strigiformes) collected from 1994 to 2017 in Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera). The relationship between host body mass and infestation by 12 species of lice was examined. Host body mass explained 52% (P = 0.03) of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts, due primarily to a high abundance of lice on the heaviest owl species. The relationship was due to the mean intensity of lice, and neither species richness nor the prevalence of lice was related to host body mass. For individual louse species, the relationship was due primarily to Kurodaia acadicae Price and Beer, Kurodaia magna Emerson, and an undetermined species of Kurodaia Uchida (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (R2 = 0.997), but not the nine Strigiphilus Mjöberg (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) species (R2 = 0.27). Louse intensity did not increase with body size for individual birds of any of the owl species. Mean intensity is expected to increase in proportion with the size, specifically the surface area, of the host. Why that relationship holds only for one louse genus, and not for the most abundant genus of lice on owls, and weakly compared with other families of birds, has yet to be determined.

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Artemenko, L., V. Goncharenko, N. Bukalova, T. Bakhur, A. Antipov, V. Lyasota, O. Litvinenko, and A. Bilan. "Ectoparasitoses of domestic and productive animals and ways to defend." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 2(160) (November 24, 2020): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2020-160-2-65-76.

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The materials of the presented research cover the issues of entomoses prevalence in domestic and productive animals, determining the effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroids insecticides to ectoparasites of the following species: swine lice, canine and feline flea; malophages (chewing lice of chickens, cattle, horses), chicken bedbugs, sheep bloodsuckers. Studies have shown that the most common entomoses among productive and domestic animals are flea infestation, lice and malophagosis, and the prevalence of linognatosis and trichodectosis agents is relatively low. To determine the therapeutic efficacy of synthetic pyrethroids – "Extrazol-M" and "Neostomazan", animals with symptoms of ectoparasitic diseases were used. It was found that insecticides "Extrazol-M" and "Neostomazan" are effective against ectoparasites. The therapeutic efficacy of "Extrazol-M" is 100% after one treatment – for flea infestation and two – for sifunculatosis and malophagoses. High efficiency of animals’ with entomoses treatment with insecticide "Extrazol-M" is achieved by a combination of 3 synthetic pyrethroids. The drug has an advantage due to its cheapness and long-term storage. "Neostomazan" has sufficient therapeutic efficacy also, but has a short repellent period after treatment of animals. Thus, their owners must carefully follow the recommendations for the working solution concentration and drying of animal fur to minimize the risk of entering the animal. The active substances of the tested drugs of the pyrethroid series provide a repellent effect, scaring away parasites and preventing their bite. because in some animals prone to allergic reactions, even a single bite of ectoparasites is enough to start the process of allergic dermatitis. Synthetic pyrethroid drugs are more effective in the treatment of dermatological patients diagnosed with flea allergodermatitis or allergic reactions due to parasitism of sucking and chewing lice and, in contrast to systemic insecticides, act on ectoparasites by contact. Key words: insecticides, "Extrazol-M", "Neostomazan", synthetic pyrethroids, ectoparasites, fleas, lice, malophages, bedbugs.

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DALGLEISH, ROBERT C., and ROGER D. PRICE. "Two new species of the genus Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from cotingas (Passeriformes: Cotingidae)." Zootaxa 983, no. 1 (May 19, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa983.1.1.

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Two new species of chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea Waterston from the passerine family Cotingidae are described and illustrated. They and their type host are: M. cinnamomei ex Pachyramphus cinnamomeus and M. blattae ex Schiffornis turdina. These are the first species of Myrsidea recorded from the Cotingidae.

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38

Galloway, Terry D., and Robert J. Lamb. "Infestation parameters for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting owls (Aves: Strigidae, Tytonidae) in Manitoba, Canada." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 5 (July 31, 2019): 608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.42.

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AbstractEleven of the 12 species of owls (Aves: Strigidae, Tytonidae) known to occur in Manitoba, Canada, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from 1976 to 2015: barn owl (Tyto alba (Scopoli); Aves: Tytonidae) (n = 2), snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 77), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 262), great grey owl (Strix nebulosa Förster; Aves: Strigidae) (n = 142), barred owl (Strix varia Barton; Aves: Strigidae) (n = 10), northern hawk owl (Surnia ulula (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 18), short-eared owl (Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 74), long-eared owl (Asio otus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 67), eastern screech owl (Megascops aslo (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 59), boreal owl (Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 47), and northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus (Gmelin); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 44), a total of 802 owls. No lice were found infesting barn owl (Tyto alba (Scopoli); Aves: Tytonidae) or eastern screech owl (Megascops asio (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae). We collected a total of 113 810 lice of 12 species: Kurodaia Uchida (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) – three species; and Strigiphilus Mjöberg (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) – nine species. Overall prevalence of infestation ranged from 10.0% to 88.9%. Mean intensity for total lice ranged from 22.4 to 506.5. Infestation parameters for each louse–host combination are provided; prevalence and mean intensity were not related for louse–host species combinations. Distribution of louse infestations was highly aggregated. In all louse–host combinations but one, either females were more prevalent than males or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. Male Strigiphilus ceblebrachys Denny significantly outnumbered females in snowy owls. There was a tendency for louse species to co-occur on the same host specimen. Where sample sizes for owls were large enough, no seasonal patterns in abundance of lice were detected.

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AL-AREDHI, HUSSAM SAEED. "Chewing Lice of Black Partridge Francolinusfrancolinus Birds in Al-Diwaniyah Province/ Iraq." Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 51, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36872/lepi/v51i2/301141.

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40

VALIM, MICHEL P., and PEDRO M. LINARDI. "Description of the male of Mayriphilopterus nystalicus Mey, 2004 (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae)." Zootaxa 1604, no. 1 (October 1, 2007): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1604.1.4.

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The male of Mayriphilopterus nystalicus is described and illustrated from two species of Brazilian puffbirds. The Whiteeared Puffbird (Nystalus chacuru) is confirmed as a true host for this species of chewing lice. A key for identification and a list of hosts of the six species of the genus Mayriphilopterus is provided.

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41

Lamb, Robert J., and Terry D. Galloway. "Abundance and stability of populations of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting two species of woodpeckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)." Canadian Entomologist 150, no. 2 (January 5, 2018): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.62.

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AbstractThe annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded from 1996 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada, on two species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae). Yellow-bellied sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus)) were infested with Menacanthus pici (Denny) (Amblycera: Menoponidae) and Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae); northern flickers (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus)) were also infested with M. pici, as well as two other Ischnocera, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) and Picicola porisma Dalgleish. The mean annual abundance varied from nine to 51 lice per bird for the four species, with prevalence, mean intensity, sex ratio, and nymphs per female also varying among louse species. Menacanthus pici populations on both hosts were unstable: abundance rose over two decades because of increasing prevalence, whereas the abundance of the other three louse species fluctuated around a mean. Population variability was similar for the lice on both hosts, with the metric, PV, ranging from 0.41 to 0.51 on a 0–1 scale, once the effect of the trend in abundance for M. pici had been removed. Although the population dynamics for species of lice on these two woodpeckers were distinct, inter-specific differences in population stability were less pronounced than observed in the few other species of bird lice studied in this way.

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42

Stewart, Ian R. K., Frank Clark, and Marion Petrie. "Distribution of Chewing Lice upon the Polygynous Peacock Pavo cristatus." Journal of Parasitology 82, no. 2 (April 1996): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3284187.

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43

Lakshminarayana, K. V. "On a Collection of Chewing-Lice (Phthiraptera: Insecta) from Nepal." Records of the Zoological Survey of India 85, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v85/i1/1988/161069.

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44

Aksin, Nursel. "Chewing Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) on Mallards (Anas platyrynchos) in Turkey." Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 10, no. 13 (December 1, 2011): 1656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2011.1656.1659.

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45

Leonardi, María Soledad, and Flavio Quintana. "Lousy chicks: Chewing lice from the Imperial Shag, Leucocarbo atriceps." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 6, no. 3 (December 2017): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.08.002.

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46

Marietto-Gonçalves, Guilherme A., Thiago F. Martins, and Raphael L. Andreatti. "Chewing lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) parasitizing birds in Botucatu, SP, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ciência Veterinária 19, no. 3 (2012): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbcv.2014.098.

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47

Demastes, J. W., and M. S. Hafner. "Cospeciation of Pocket Gophers (Geomys) and their Chewing Lice (Geomydoecus)." Journal of Mammalogy 74, no. 3 (August 20, 1993): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1382271.

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48

Lyakhova, O. M., and B. C. Kotti. "Chewing lice (Mallophaga: Insecta) of birds in the Central Ciscaucasia." Entomological Review 91, no. 3 (June 2011): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873811030122.

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49

Nadler, Steven A., and Mark S. Hafner. "Genetic Differentiation in Sympatric Species of Chewing Lice (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae)." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 82, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/82.1.109.

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50

Hafner, David J., Mark S. Hafner, Theresa A. Spradling, Jessica E. Light, and James W. Demastes. "Temporal and spatial dynamics of competitive parapatry in chewing lice." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 13 (June 14, 2019): 7410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5183.

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