Academic literature on the topic 'Chernivtsi Oblast'

Western Ukraine comprises those areas of Ukraine annexed by the Soviet Union after September 1939. They are (1) Galicia, made up of the Soviet oblasts of Lviv, Stanislav (now Ivano-Frankivsk), Drohobych (now part of Lviv oblast) and Ternopil; (2) Volynia, made up of Rivne and Volyn oblasts; (3) Bukovyna (Chernivtsi oblast); and (4) Transcarpathia (Zakarpatska oblast). In the interwar period, the Galician and Volynian territories were governed by Poland, Chernivtsi was part of Romania and Transcarpathia was ruled by Czechoslovakia. Whereas the former areas were all annexed by the USSR after the invasion of Eastern Poland in 1939, Transcarpathia became part of the Soviet Union only in June 1945.

Ukraine is distinguished for four stages of farming formation, three of which can be clearly observed in the Chernivtsi Oblast. The majority of farming economies in the Chernivtsi Oblast (793 economies as of 1 January 2010) are smallholder farms. The areas exceeding 100 hectares – a weighing precondition for profitable economic management – are available with only 45 economies. Agricultural production in small formations is predominantly a family business. Choosing agricultural specialization, farmers consider their limited material-technical and financial capabilities, demand and supply within the regional agrarian market, their own experience and preferences. The Chernivtsi Oblast is divided into three rayons of farming specialization: the Dniester–Prut Rayon, the Prut-Siret Rayon, and the Carpathian Rayon. Key words: farming economies, stages of farming formation in the Chernivtsi Oblast, profitability, specialization.

The Carpathian Mts, showing the highest lichen biodiversity in Ukraine, i.e. 1,395 species of 2,106 of the total Ukrainian lichens, have been found to contain the highest proportion of regionally unique taxa (i.e. so far recorded only from the Carpathian Mts) (i.e. 551 species, or 39.5% of the Carpathian and 26.2% of the total Ukrainian lichen flora). Species diversity of widely distributed lichens (i.e. which hitherto known from all five macroregions of Ukraine), as well as ‘scarcely distributed’ lichens (i.e. missing at least in one or more macroregions) are also discussed. Representation of these three groups of lichens in the geomorphological districts of the Carpathian Mts and the administrative oblasts Zakarpattia, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi is shown.The Chornohora Mts, a district of the Carpathian Mts, found to show the highest proportion of species so far recorded from this district of the Carpathian Mts, while the Eastern Beskydy and the Gorgany Mts are characterised hitherto by the highest species diversity of lichens. That is established that among geomorphological districts of Zakarpattia oblast, the Eastern Beskydy and the Gorgany Mts parts of Zakarpattia oblast territory are characterised by the highest number of species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the Carpathian macroregion (674 and 611 species, respectively), and the proportion of regionally unique taxa in these two florae is also the highest (483 species or 71.6% and 453 species or 74.1%, respectively). Lichens of the Chyvchyn Mts of Ivano-Frankivsk oblast are found to be the most diverse in this oblast (344 species totally), and they include the highest proportion of regionally unique taxa (171 species or 49.7%). The Eastern Beskydy Mts, part of Lviv oblast territory, the only part of this oblast in the Carpathian Mts, are found to be represented by 224 lichen species of which 32 (i.e. 14.3%) are regionally unique to the Carpathian Mts.List of the rarest taxa of the regionally unique group (hitherto known from single or a few localities) proposed as candidates for including to regional red lists of Zakarpattia, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi oblasts since the whole nature protection activity in Ukraine is done according to oblast division. 254 lichen species are proposed for including in the red list of Zakarpattia oblast, while 44, 4 and 9 species in the red lists of Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Chernivtsi oblasts, respectively. The smallest amount of these taxa is proposed for the red list of Lviv oblast, which includes also the Forest zone of the Ukrainian Plains.

The Chernivtsi branch of the UAR is one of the most dynamic in Ukraine among the oblast associations of religious scholars. Particular attention was paid to the formation of the cell itself. It included not only teachers-religious scholars of Chernivtsi universities, but also students of the religious-religious department of the philosophical and theological faculty of the Yu.Fedkovych University. Among the members of the cell are theologians, public servants. We also have 6 candidates of sciences and 6 candidates of theology.

The article considers the main approaches to defining the essence of the concept of "social infrastructure", offers its own interpretation of the term, highlights the components of social infrastructure. The main indicators and trends of its industries for the period 2008-2020 are analyzed and a general description of the state of these industries in 2020 is given. Territorial differences in the development and functioning of social infrastructure in the context of cities of regional significance and raions of Chernivtsi oblast.

Goal of the article: Conduct research on the territorial organization of museums of different levels and types in the communities of Chernivtsi oblast as important objects of ethnocultural potential of the region. Identify the distribution of museums by different classification criteria and trace their importance for the development of certain types of tourism. Research methodology. To obtain information, various sources of information were first studied, namely: literary, official Internet portals of communities and districts of Chernivtsi Oblast State Administration and Chernivtsi Oblast Council. At the next stage, a fairly detailed database was formed, which reflects the types of museums according to all the classification features presented in the work, as well as their ethnicity. This allowed to establish the contribution of each ethnic group in the formation of ethnocultural potential of the region, which allows us to talk about cooperation with neighboring countries in the framework of ethnocultural interaction. Results of the research. Chernivtsi oblast is a striking example of ethnocontact and polyethnic region, in which Ukrainians, Romanians, Moldovans, Jews, Russians, Poles, Armenians and other ethnic groups created and continue to create their cultural heritage. Ukrainians in the region own 152 museums, Romanians – 12, Moldovans – 14, Russians – 1. Also, separate exhibitions are dedicated to the Jewish, Polish, German, Armenian and other ethnic groups. Of course, such differences in the ethnicity of museums, as an important component of ethnocultural development of the region, are of great practical and scientific importance. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a detailed classification of museums and their typology, as well as in identifying the place of museums in the ethnocultural development of the polyethnic region. These studies should be conducted in other regions of our country. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of finding investments to increase the tourist attractiveness of both individual administrative units and the region as a whole. Museums also play an important role in shaping the ethnic, historical, ethnocultural, national-patriotic and other perceptions of the territory and identity of their people.

Problem Statement and Purpose. The world economy has always developed and continues to develop cyclically, which affects the economic development of individual countries and their regions. As a result of cyclical economic development, regions are formed that maintain a progressive or stagnant type of economic development, and some of them, especially during periods of economic crisis, develop a regressive type. Thus, depressed regions or their separate territories appear, the study of which aims to identify in time the territorial disparities and polarizations of different types of the social formation of administrative units and to establish the level of their depression. It should be noted that most of the available scientific achievements concern the study of the territory of Ukraine at the regional level, and not at the subregional (raion) level. Therefore, our research allows us to shed more light on the depression of administrative-territorial units of Chernivtsi oblast, which differs from other regions of Ukraine by its natural-geographical, demographic, ethnic contrast, as well as cross-border and border position, which certainly has a significant impact on depression of regions and cities of regional significance.The purpose of this study is to conduct a socio-geographical assessment of the depression of administrative-territorial units of Chernivtsi oblast, which allows us to learn about the current state of the oblast and its raions in terms of depression, as well as identify possible steps to solve this problem.Data & Methods. To study the depression of administrative-territorial units of Chernivtsi oblast, the following main types were chosen: economic, social, and demographic. For each of these blocks, the main indicators of indicators were determined, according to which a socio-geographical assessment of the level of depression in administrative regions and cities of regional significance was conducted.Having established the rating places for each administrative-territorial unit according to the selected indicators, or their relative values, it was possible to establish the average place of each unit and, accordingly, the level of depression for each of the studied blocks. It was also established the common place of administrative units in the region by all indicators and thus identified different, according to the level of depression, regions.Results. With the help of rating research, the typification of administrative-territorial units of the oblast according to the level of economic, social, demographic, and integral depression was carried out. The most depressed were the agricultural raions of the oblast – Khotyn, and Sokyriany. However, it should be noted that Khotyn raion has the same types of depression in all its components, and in Sokyriany raion the worst is the demographic situation, and the best ‒ the economic one. The lowest level of depression is characteristic of Storozhynets raion, which is explained by its favorable geographical location relative to the oblast center, which contributes to economic and social development, as well as polyethnicity, which strengthens the demographic component.

Purpose. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the theoretical and scientific-methodical bases of the importance of geodetic support of the territories of the regions, to assess the possibility of creating topographic maps and plans of one or another scale on the existing geodetic network. Methods. To achieve the purpose of the research, the following methods and techniques were used: historical analysis (to study the history of geodetic support), geodetic (to determine the required density of geodetic points when conducting topographic surveys without violating regulations), mathematical (to determine the completion of the geodetic network, assessments of the possibility of creating topographic maps and plans for a particular area), methods of cartography (to display the points of geodetic support) and others. Results. The history of research of geodetic support of the regions of the territory of Ukraine is hundreds of years old, but only, in our opinion, in recent years (the years of independence of Ukraine) they have acquired a scientific character. The analysis of geodetic support of the territory of Chernivtsi oblast is carried out. The possibility of creating topographic maps and plans on the existing geodetic network has been assessed. To create topographic maps and plans in accordance with the requirements of regulations, the necessary completion of the geodetic network on the territory of Chernivtsi oblast is calculated. Scientific novelty. The history of geodetic support of the territory of Chernivtsi oblast is supplemented by its current state, which is based on the “Basic provisions of the State Geodetic Network of Ukraine” of 1998, which in 2013 were replaced by “Procedure for building the State Geodetic Network”. On the basis of the current DGM, the possibility of creating topographic maps and plans was assessed. The completion of the points of the geodetic network is calculated according to the requirements of normative documents. Practical meaning. Theoretical generalizations, methodical receptions of the conducted researches can be used during carrying out similar researches in other regions, and concrete results of researches – by the organizations, enterprises, departments which carry out geodetic works in the territory of Chernivtsi oblast.

The article examines the current state and prospects of religious tourism in the Carpathian region of Ukraine (which includes four regions of Western Ukraine: Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Transcarpathia, and Chernivtsi). The key functions of religious tourism are outlined. The role of sacred objects in religious tourism is defined. The resource base of the region for the development of religious tourism is described. Sacred objects in the context of all regions of the region have been studied and it has been established that religious tourism occupies a worthy place in the Carpathian region. Wooden churches have been found to play an important role in the development of religious tourism in the region. According to research, in the Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia, and Chernivtsi regions of the Carpathian region found about 5,000 monuments of sacred architecture, among which the most numerous are temples. Of particular value among the sacred sites of the Carpathian region are wooden temples, eight of which are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is established that the Lviv region takes the first place; Significantly fewer sacred objects were found in Ivano-Frankivsk and Zakarpattia oblasts, and Chernivtsi oblast ranks last. The obtained results made it possible to identify promising areas for the development of religious tourism in the Carpathian region. Thus, in the Chernivtsi region, the most sacred monuments of national importance are located in Kitsman, Hertsaiv, Zastavniv districts, and the city of Chernivtsi. In the Transcarpathian region: Velykobereznyansky, Volovets, and Beregovo districts. In Ivano-Frankivsk region: in Kosiv, Verkhovyna and Rohatyn districts. Lviv region ranks first in the Carpathian region in the number of sacred monuments. The largest number of facilities falls in the city of Lviv, as well as: the Drohobych, Starosambir, Zhydachiv, and Turkiv districts. It has been established that most sacred monuments of local and national importance are involved in a number of religious and pilgrimage tours, however, much of the resources are not fully used to promote and develop religious tourism in the Carpathian region.

In the sections the research of efficiency of activity of tourist operators and agents in the market of tourist services of Ukraine proceeding from dependence of cost of permits on volume of their realization to the population and quantity of the served tourists is carried out. The necessity to use such methods as correlation-regression analysis and adjusted least squares to evaluate the efficiency of these legal entities in the market of tourist services is substantiated. The method of analysis of the operating environment was used in the study of the positions of the regions of Ukraine where legal entities operate in the market of tourist services, which allowed travel agents and tour operators) to attract tourists and sell tourist vouchers to the population. The direction of development of the modern market of tourist services and according to it the direction of effective development of the market of tourist services of Ukraine owing to activity of travel agents is revealed. The necessity of maximum coincidence of these directions is proved, while for travel agents in the regions of Ukraine there is no such coincidence. It is proposed to change the positions of the regions where these entities operate in the effective direction of the operating environment by reducing the cost of vouchers and increasing tourist activity, as the study identified a number of areas where tourists pay higher vouchers than the national average. As a result of the analysis of the environment of operation of tour operators in the regions of Ukraine, a special position in the Kharkiv region was revealed, as one that allows to assess the effectiveness of these entities in all other regions of the country. A much larger organization in the market of tourist services of tour operators is proved in comparison with travel agents, as the positions in the respective oblasts are currently in the direction of effective development with the exception of Ternopil, Khmelnytsky and Chernivtsi oblasts. Conclusions are made on the need to develop all business entities in the market of travel services, in particular to provide benefits from the activities of travel agents.