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Journal articles on the topic 'Chemotherapy-induced mucositis'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Sadasivan, Raj. "Chemotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis." Oncology & Hematology Review (US) 06 (2010): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ohr.2010.06.0.13.

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Oral mucositis is one of the most common side effects cancer patients experience when undergoing chemotherapy. However, it is frequently under-reported and leads to high morbidity and complication rates. Advances in molecular biology have provided greater insight into the pathophysiology of this condition. Although there are no current treatments that completely resolve this painful condition, encouraging research developments indicate that a new, over-the-counter pH-balanced salt solution, reBalanceCa, shows promise.

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2

Knox, Jennifer J., Anitasha L. V. Puodziunas, and Ronald Feld. "Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis." Drugs & Aging 17, no. 4 (October 2000): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200017040-00002.

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3

Lalla, Rajesh V., Deborah P. Saunders, and Douglas E. Peterson. "Chemotherapy or Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis." Dental Clinics of North America 58, no. 2 (April 2014): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2013.12.005.

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4

Keefe, Dorothy M., Stephen T. Sonis, and Joanne M. Bowen. "Emerging drugs for chemotherapy-induced mucositis." Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 13, no. 3 (September 2008): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14728214.13.3.511.

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5

Huang, Junhua, Alan Yaw Min Hwang, Yuting Jia, Brian Kim, Melania Iskandar, Ali Ibrahim Mohammed, and Nicola Cirillo. "Experimental Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis: A Scoping Review Guiding the Design of Suitable Preclinical Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 15434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315434.

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Mucositis is a common and most debilitating complication associated with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy. The condition affects the entire alimentary canal from the mouth to the anus and has a significant clinical and economic impact. Although oral and intestinal mucositis can occur concurrently in the same individual, these conditions are often studied independently using organ-specific models that do not mimic human disease. Hence, the purpose of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive yet systematic overview of the animal models that are utilised in the study of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. A search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases was conducted to identify all relevant studies. Multiple phases of filtering were conducted, including deduplication, title/abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction. Studies were reported according to the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. An inter-rater reliability test was conducted using Cohen’s Kappa score. After title, abstract, and full-text screening, 251 articles met the inclusion criteria. Seven articles investigated both chemotherapy-induced intestinal and oral mucositis, 198 articles investigated chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis, and 46 studies investigated chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Among a total of 205 articles on chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis, 103 utilised 5-fluorouracil, 34 irinotecan, 16 platinum-based drugs, 33 methotrexate, and 32 other chemotherapeutic agents. Thirteen articles reported the use of a combination of 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, platinum-based drugs, or methotrexate to induce intestinal mucositis. Among a total of 53 articles on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, 50 utilised 5-fluorouracil, 2 irinotecan, 2 methotrexate, 1 topotecan and 1 with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Three articles used a combination of these drugs to induce oral mucositis. Various animal models such as mice, rats, hamsters, piglets, rabbits, and zebrafish were used. The chemotherapeutic agents were introduced at various dosages via three routes of administration. Animals were mainly mice and rats. Unlike intestinal mucositis, most oral mucositis models combined mechanical or chemical irritation with chemotherapy. In conclusion, this extensive assessment of the literature revealed that there was a large variation among studies that reproduce oral and intestinal mucositis in animals. To assist with the design of a suitable preclinical model of chemotherapy-induced alimentary tract mucositis, animal types, routes of administration, dosages, and types of drugs were reported in this study. Further research is required to define an optimal protocol that improves the translatability of findings to humans.

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6

Thomsen, Michael, and Luis Vitetta. "Adjunctive Treatments for the Prevention of Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-Induced Mucositis." Integrative Cancer Therapies 17, no. 4 (August 23, 2018): 1027–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735418794885.

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Background: Chemoradiotherapy-associated mucositis can manifest as pain, inflammation, dysphagia, diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding, and infection. Mucositis is a major dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy, affecting nutritional intake and oral and intestinal function. Despite several interventions being available, there is a need for safe and effective preventative and treatment options for treatment-induced mucositis. The goals of this review are to discuss interventions based on foods and natural products and present the research to date. Methods: A narrative literature review identified 60 clinical studies examining various nutritional compounds and 20 examining probiotics. 9 studies on probiotics for the prevention of diarrhea were also assessed on methodological quality and limitations identified. Results: Several compounds have been posited as useful adjuvants for cancer treatment–related mucositis. Probiotics demonstrate efficacy for the prevention and treatment of chemoradiotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity without significant side effects. Glutamine and activated charcoal were reported to reduce chemotherapy-induced diarrhea but not radiation-induced intestinal mucositis. Honey has been reported to decrease treatment interruptions, weight loss, and delays the onset of oral mucositis. Zinc, glutamine, and topical vitamin E were demonstrated efficacy for oral mucositis. Conclusion: There is plausible clinical evidence for the administration of several adjunctive treatments for the prevention and treatment of mucositis. Probiotics were reported to reduce the burden of intestinal mucositis and treatment-induced diarrhea. Activated charcoal and glutamine are beneficial for chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, whereas the administration of honey, zinc, and glutamine reduce the risk of developing oral mucositis during chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

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Patel, Alkesh, Subhankar Biswas, Muhammed Haneefa Shoja, Grandhi Venkata Ramalingayya, and K. Nandakumar. "Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract ofSolanum nigrumLinn. Leaves in Rat Models of Oral Mucositis." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/345939.

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Oral mucositis is one of the most debilitating side effects in patient undergoing chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Leaves of the plantSolanum nigrumare used in folklore medicine to treat oral ulcers in India. However, no pharmacological investigation has been carried out till date. Aqueous extract ofSolanum nigrumleaves (AESN) was prepared and subjected to various phytochemical screening. HPLC analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction was carried out. The aqueous extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) was further evaluated for its protective effect on two rat models: (a) busulfan plus infrared radiation (chemoradiotherapy) induced oral mucositis and (b) methotrexate (chemotherapy) induced oral mucositis. Various parameters including body weight change, food intake, and mortality were measured. AESN showed protective effect in both models of oral mucositis; however, the higher dose was more effective in chemotherapy induced oral mucositis. A reduction in oral mucositis score(P<0.05)was observed in the treatment groups. Significant(P<0.05)improvement in food intake was also observed in AESN treated groups. Aqueous extract ofSolanum nigrumleaves has protective effect on chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy induced oral mucositis in rats.

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8

Wei, Ling, Xue-Sen Wen, and Cory J. Xian. "Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Impairs Mucosal Homeostasis by Modulating Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 9474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179474.

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Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis, a painful debilitating condition affecting up to 40–100% of patients undergoing chemotherapy, can reduce the patients’ quality of life, add health care costs and even postpone cancer treatment. In recent years, the relationships between intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and mucositis have drawn much attention in mucositis research. Chemotherapy can shape intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, can aggravate the mucositis through toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, leading to an increased expression of inflammatory mediators and elevated epithelial cell apoptosis but decreased epithelial cell differentiation and mucosal regeneration. This review summarizes relevant studies related to the relationships of mucositis with chemotherapy regimens, microbiota, TLRs, inflammatory mediators, and intestinal homeostasis, aiming to explore how gut microbiota affects the pathogenesis of mucositis and provides potential new strategies for mucositis alleviation and treatment and development of new therapies.

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9

Cidon, E. Una. "Chemotherapy induced oral mucositis: prevention is possible." Chinese Clinical Oncology 7, no. 1 (February 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/cco.2017.10.01.

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10

Una-Cidon, Maria Esther. "Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: prevention is possible." Clinical Medicine 19, Suppl 2 (March 2019): s5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.19-2-s5.

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11

Bennett, Michelle. "Pain management for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis." Nursing Children and Young People 28, no. 10 (December 8, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.2016.e695.

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12

Quilitz, Rod. "Oncology Pharmacotherapy: Modulation of Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis." Cancer Control 2, no. 5 (September 1995): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107327489500200512.

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13

Volpato, Luiz Evaristo Ricci, Thiago Cruvinel Silva, Thaís Marchini Oliveira, Vivien Thiemy Sakai, and Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado. "Radiation therapy and chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis." Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 73, no. 4 (July 2007): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1808-8694(15)30110-5.

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14

Harris, Debra J., and M. Tish Knobf. "Assessing and Managing Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis Pain." Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/04.cjon.622-628.

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15

JANCIN, BRUCE. "New Rx for Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis." Internal Medicine News 38, no. 7 (April 2005): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(05)70294-8.

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16

JANCIN, BRUCE. "New Rx for Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis." Skin & Allergy News 36, no. 4 (April 2005): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(05)70113-3.

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17

Alalwani, Osamh, Hala Baarmah, Lubna AlOlaiwi, Sara Almansour, Kifayah AlFaran, Abdullah Alzahrani, Saad Alqbbani, et al. "Prevention, Evaluation, and Treatment of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 02, no. 12 (2022): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.21210.

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Oral mucositis is a frequent adverse effect of cancer treatment that includes radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). It is related to worse outcomes because of pain, nutritional problems, effects on quality of life, changes in cancer treatment, the risk of infection, and financial costs. It affects 20% to 80% of people receiving chemotherapy, and almost all patients receive head and neck radiation therapy. This review presents the current understanding and discusses evidence-based clinical management strategies for oral mucositis. The current model of mucositis pathogenesis is comprised of five broad stages. The two widely used grading systems for routine clinical care and research on mucositis are the WHO (World Health Organization) and Oral Mucositis Scale and the National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC). The effective use of assessment scales, nonpharmacologic treatment modalities such as good professional oral hygiene, cryotherapy, and photobiomodulation, and pharmacologic therapies such as KGF-1 (palifermin) and benzydamine-containing mouthwash are important for mucositis prevention, and topical morphine is effective for the treatment of mucositis induced by radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Mucoadhesive hydrogel and anti-inflammatory medications such as celecoxib, misoprostol, and rebamipide are reported to be effective for radiation-induced mucositis. However, additional experimental studies are required to confirm the evidence.

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18

Heri Hermanto, Djoko, Indri Habsari, and Budi Darmawan Machsoos. "The Effect of Vitamin E on Oral Mucositis Induced by Chemotherapy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Receiving Chemotherapy." Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine 1, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.crjim.2020.001.02.5.

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Chemotherapy-induced mucositis is a side effect of chemotherapy that often occurs in patients with solid tumors and lymphoma. Oral mucositis can affect nutritional status and the risk of infection, both local and systemic. Antioxidant Vitamin E is beneficial for the prevention and therapy of both oral and gastrointestinal mucositis. Aim: To determine the effect of vitamin E therapy on the incidence of oral mucositis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: This is a single-blind experimental study in 62 NHL patients undergoing chemotherapy who meet the inclusion criteria. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely 31 patients (treatment group) received vitamin E 400 mg / IU per day for 7 days and 31 patients in the placebo group. The incidence and grade of oral mucositis were observed on day 7. Statistical analysis used Chi-Square and Mann Whitney test according to the data type. Results: a total of 67% NHL patients were male, most of whom were over 46 years of age and as many as 50% of patients used chemotherapy regimens RCHOP and CHOP. There was an incidence of oral mucositis in 35% in the placebo group and 12.9% in the treated group (p = 0.038). In the placebo group, there were 4.8% of patients with grade 2 and 3 oral mucositis, which was not found in the therapy group. Conclusion: treatment with vitamin E in NHL patients undergoing chemotherapy can prevent chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and prevent its severity.

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19

Kono, T., M. Satomi, Y. Ebisawa, N. Chisato, M. Suno, T. Asama, K. Matsubara, and H. Furukawa. "Topical application of hangeshashinto (TJ-14) in the management of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: A preliminary study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2011): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.603.

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603 Background: Oral mucositis is a common toxicity associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy used for cancer treatment and results in severe discomfort and impairs patients' ability to eat, swallow, and talk. The treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is not well established. The cyclooxygenase pathway mediates tissue injury and pain through upregulation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Recent study showed that one of the Japanese traditional medicines (kampo), hangeshashinto (TI-14), may be useful for periodontal disease via downregulation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins in human. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TJ-14 on chemotherapy- induced oral mucositis. Methods: Fourteen patients with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis during mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI treatment for requiring to the metastasis of advanced colorectal cancer were received topical application of TJ-14. Topical TJ-14 was applied to the oral mucositis three times a day. Patients were asked to make 50 mL of TJ-14 solution (2.5 g) with a tap water and were advised to rinse the TJ-14 solution on the oral mucosa for 10 seconds and then to spill it. Additionally, TJ-14 was topically applied with a cotton pellet on the oral mucositis. The above treatment was advised throughout the course of chemotherapy. Patients were evaluated for the oral mucositis using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4 before and after 2-weeks TJ-14 treatment. Results: Thirteen of the fourteen patients (92.8 %) responded to the TJ-14 therapy. There was significant reduction in the grade 3/4 mucositis from 3.2 to 1.8 (p=0.02) as well as in the grade 1/2 mucositis from 1.6 to 0.6 (p=0.034). There is no patient showed worse than before. The compliance of TJ-14-treatment was good. Conclusions: Topical application of TJ-14 may have therapeutic effects on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis via downregulation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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RIBEIRO, Isabella Lima Arrais, Ana Maria Gondim VALENÇA, and Paulo Rogério Ferreti BONAN. "Treatment of severe oral mucositis in a pediatric patient undergoing chemotherapy." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 63, no. 4 (December 2015): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-863720150003000143007.

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This article reports the resolution of a case of severe oral mucositis and the treatment protocol that promoted complete remission of the lesions. A male 13-year-old patient with chondroblastic osteosarcoma in the left distal thigh and acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing cancer treatment with methotrexate presented with severe oral mucositis. The treatment protocol included the use of 10ml of a mucositis mouthwash and low-level laser therapy. The lesions remitted after five days of gargling with the mucositis mouthwash and two sessions of low-level laser therapy on the lesions. The use of a treatment protocol consisting of a mucositis solution associated with low-level laser therapy effectively resolved a case of severe chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. The monitoring and treatment of oral mucositis lesions in children and adolescents undergoing chemotherapy are necessary to prevent the patient from suffering from induced comorbidities.

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21

Dantas, Juliana Borges de Lima, Gabriela Botelho Martins, Hayana Ramos Lima, Manoela Pereira Carrera, Sílvia Regina De Almeida Reis, and Alena Peixoto Medrado. "IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF ORAL MUCOSITIS INDUCED BY CHEMOTHERAPY AND/OR RADIOTHERAPY: STATE OF ART." Brazilian Journal of Medicine and Human Health 5, no. 2 (June 22, 2017): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2317-3386bjmhh.v5i2.1286.

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Introduction: Oral mucositis is a common and worrying clinical condition in patients undergoing radiotherapy of the head and neck regions and aggressive chemotherapy. Mucositis manifests as a continuous process, which begins with erythematous and atrophic lesions, which can progress to very painful ulcers. The immunopathogenesis of oral mucositis is considered a complex cascade of biological events, and advances in its understanding might result in promising and effective therapies. Objectives: The aim of this study is to highlight the recent findings of the immunopathogenesis of oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and their possible therapeutic agents. Methods and materials: scientific articles were selected in the PubMed and LILACS databases from December 2015 to May 2016, using the keywords in English "mucositis etiopathogenesis" and "mucositis". In PubMed 107 articles were found and, in LILACS, 61. The articles were selected after reading and those which reported detail on the immunopathology of oral mucositis were chosen. Results and conclusion: The literature indicates that histopathological changes related to oral mucositis, including apoptotic phenomenon, the action of certain chemical mediators and the influence of the oral cavity microbiota promote a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of this type of injury and their biological development. Therefore, additional clinical studies based on scientific evidence are needed to get a better understanding of the immunopathology of oral mucositis and the determination of preventive agents and effective therapeutic for this deleterious effect arising from antineoplastic treatment.

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22

Mahendran, Vaishnavi J., Andrea M. Stringer, Susan J. Semple, Yunmei Song, and Sanjay Garg. "Advances in the Use of Anti-inflammatory Agents to Manage Chemotherapy-induced Oral and Gastrointestinal Mucositis." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 14 (July 13, 2018): 1518–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180409093918.

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Mucositis is a side effect associated with the use of chemotherapy, and has a significant impact on the quality of life. Mucositis, by definition, refers to the inflammation of the mucosa and occurs throughout the alimentary tract from the mouth to anus. Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFκB) encompasses a family of transcription factors, which upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. These are recognized as key targets in developing therapeutic interventions for chemotherapy-induced mucositis, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition may also be beneficial in reducing the severity and duration. This review focuses on the pathobiology of chemotherapy-induced oral and gastrointestinal mucositis and recent research examining the role of agents with anti-inflammatory activity in treatment and prevention of the condition. We consider agents in clinical use as well as some others under current investigation including plant-derived and other natural medicines.

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23

Arikapudi, Sowminya, Saima Rashid, Laith Adel Al Almomani, Jennifer Treece, and Steven J. Baumrucker. "Serum Bovine Immunoglobulin for Chemotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Mucositis." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 35, no. 5 (October 11, 2017): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909117735831.

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24

Altaei, T. S. "Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis by Silymarin." Annals of Oncology 23 (September 2012): ix163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33033-7.

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25

Sonis, S. T., and K. A. Costello. "A database for mucositis induced by cancer chemotherapy." European Journal of Cancer Part B: Oral Oncology 31, no. 4 (July 1995): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-1955(95)00019-e.

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26

Wardill, Hannah R., Joanne M. Bowen, and Rachel J. Gibson. "New pharmacotherapy options for chemotherapy-induced alimentary mucositis." Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 14, no. 3 (January 6, 2014): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2014.874412.

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27

Sacono, Nancy T., Carlos A. S. Costa, Vanderlei S. Bagnato, and Fabio C. B. Abreu-e-Lima. "Light-emitting diode therapy in chemotherapy-induced mucositis." Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 40, no. 9 (November 2008): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20677.

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28

Sougiannis, Alexander T., Brandon N. VanderVeen, J. Mark Davis, Daping Fan, and E. Angela Murphy. "Understanding chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis and strategies to improve gut resilience." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 320, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): G712—G719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00380.2020.

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Intestinal mucositis, or damage to the intestinal mucosa, is a common side effect of chemotherapy. In this review, we describe the pathobiology of intestinal mucositis that is associated with chemotherapy treatments. In addition, we discuss the efficacy of several potential therapeutic strategies that have shown some potential in alleviating chemotherapies’ off-target effects.

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Chi, K. H., C. H. Chen, W. K. Chan, K. C. Chow, S. Y. Chen, S. H. Yen, J. Y. Chao, C. Y. Chang, and K. Y. Chen. "Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients after cisplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 13, no. 10 (October 1995): 2620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1995.13.10.2620.

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PURPOSE To evaluate prospectively the efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the reduction of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients with stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck were studied. Two-cycles (periods) of identical doses of cisplatin, fluorouracil (5-FU), and leucovorin (PFL) chemotherapy with cisplatin 20 mg/m2/d, 5-FU 800 mg/m2/d, leucovorin 90 mg/m2/d by 96-hour continuous intravenous infusion every 3 weeks were given to each patient. After PFL chemotherapy, GM-CSF 4 micrograms/kg subcutaneously from days 5 to 14 or no therapy was given by a randomized self-controlled crossover study design. Oral mucositis was graded with modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. RESULTS In the first cycle of PFL chemotherapy, GM-CSF significantly reduced the incidence, mean duration, and mean area under the curve (AUC) of severe oral gross mucositis (grade > or = 3) compared with no therapy. These beneficial effects continued into the second cycle of PFL chemotherapy after crossover to no GM-CSF. The incidence of severe mucositis was reduced when GM-CSF was given in the second cycle of PFL. Analysis of variance indicated significant direct GM-CSF treatment effects on the mean AUC of gross/functional scores and duration of moderate gross mucositis (grade > or = 2) over both periods. There was a significant period effect in favor of giving GM-CSF in the first cycle of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION GM-CSF can significantly reduce the severity and duration of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis after PFL chemotherapy.

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Daugėlaitė, Goda, Kristė Užkuraitytė, Eglė Jagelavičienė, and Aleksas Filipauskas. "Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis." Medicina 55, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55020025.

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Background and objectives: Oral mucositis is one of the main adverse events of cancer treatment with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. It presents as erythema, atrophy or/and ulceration of oral mucosa. It occurs in almost all patients, who receive radiation therapy of the head and neck area and from 20% to 80% of patients who receive chemotherapy. There are few clinical trials in the literature proving any kind of treatment or prevention methods to be effective. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform systematic review of literature and examine the most effective treatment and prevention methods for chemotherapy or/and radiotherapy induced oral mucositis. Materials and methods: Clinical human trials, published from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2017 in English, were included in this systematic review of literature. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol was followed while planning, providing objectives, selecting studies and analyzing data for this systematic review. “MEDLINE” and “PubMed Central” databases were used to search eligible clinical trials. Clinical trials researching medication, oral hygiene, cryotherapy or laser therapy efficiency in treatment or/and prevention of oral mucositis were included in this systematic review. Results: Results of the studies used in this systematic review of literature showed that laser therapy, cryotherapy, professional oral hygiene, antimicrobial agents, Royal jelly, L. brevis lozenges, Zync supplementation and Benzydamine are the best treatment or/and prevention methods for oral mucositis. Conclusions: Palifermin, Chlorhexidine, Smecta, Actovegin, Kangfuxin, L. brevis lozenges, Royal jelly, Zync supplement, Benzydamine, cryotherapy, laser therapy and professional oral hygiene may be used in oral mucositis treatment and prevention.

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Lee, Jung Min, Kichul Yoon, Geeho Min, Woojung Kim, Seong ji Choi, Seung Han Kim, Jae Min Lee, et al. "Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea on 5-flurouracil-induced intestinal mucositis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.522.

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522 Background: Chemotherapy-induced mucositis is a common complication during anticancer treatment. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), derived from green tea, has been shown to have antioxidant effects and immunomodulatory activities. However, studies on EGCG for chemotherapy-induced mucositis have been scarce. In this study, we aimed to prove the protective effect of EGCG in murine chemotherapy-induced mucositis model Methods: Twenty-four 8-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to 4 groups : control, EGCG, 5-Flurouracil (5-FU), EGCG plus 5-FU. Mucositis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (400mg/kg). EGCG (50mg/kg) was administered orally for 5 days from the day before administration of 5-FU. After 6 days of 5-FU injection, the mice were sacrificed and intestinal tissue was obtained. WBC count was performed with whole blood from Inferior vena cava of mice. The end points were villus height, villus/crypt ratio, histologic characteristics, and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-α, and interleukin ( IL)-6. Results: In 5-FU group, neutropenia was confirmed by laboratory test (5-FU, 0.650 K/μL; Control, 5.317 K/μL), indicating sufficient 5-FU effect. Histologic findings showed that crypt dilatation, villus stunting, and villus atrophy were reduced in EGCG plus 5-FU group than in 5-FU group. Quantitatively, mean villus height (EGCG plus 5-FU, 352 μm; 5-FU, 319 μm) and villus/crypt ratio (EGCG plus 5-FU, 3.28; 5-FU, 2.31) in EGCG plus 5-FU group, compared with 5-FU treated group, were significantly higher. mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly lower in EGCG plus 5-FU group compared with 5-FU group (P < 0.05) (Figure 2). Conclusions: EGCG derived from green tea reduced 5-FU induced intestinal mucositis, suggesting a possibility for novel treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucositis.

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Al-Rudayni, Ali Hatem Manfi, Divya Gopinath, Mari Kannan Maharajan, Sajesh Kalkandi Veettil, and Rohit Kunnath Menon. "Efficacy of Oral Cryotherapy in the Prevention of Oral Mucositis Associated with Cancer Chemotherapy: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis." Current Oncology 28, no. 4 (July 29, 2021): 2852–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28040250.

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Background: This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral cryotherapy in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis using meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis, as well as to assess the quality of the results by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Methods: A comprehensive search of three databases including Medline, Embase and Central was performed to identify randomized controlled trials that used oral cryotherapy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. The primary outcome was the incidence of oral mucositis for trials employing oral cryotherapy as the intervention for the prevention of oral mucositis. The meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model and random errors of the meta-analyses were detected by trial sequential analysis. Results: A total of 14 RCTs with 1577 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. Patients treated with oral cryotherapy were associated with a significantly lower risk of developing oral mucositis of any grade (risk ratio (RR), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.56–0.81, p < 0.05)). Findings from the subgroup analyses showed that oral cryotherapy significantly reduced the risk of oral mucositis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (RR 0.69, CI: 0.54–0.89, p < 0.05) as well as chemotherapy (RR 0.66, CI: 0.58–0.75, p < 0.05). Findings from the trial sequential analysis suggested that the evidence on oral cryotherapy as a preventive intervention for oral mucositis in patients with solid malignancies receiving conventional chemotherapy was conclusive. Conclusion: Oral cryotherapy is effective in preventing oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy for the management of solid malignancies. The use of oral cryotherapy in preventing oral mucositis in bone marrow transplantation settings showed promising efficacy, but the evidence is not conclusive and requires more high-quality randomized controlled trials.

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Francis, Manjusha, and Sheela Williams. "Effectiveness of Indian Turmeric Powder with Honey as Complementary Therapy on Oral Mucositis : A Nursing Perspective among Cancer Patients in Mysore." Nursing Journal of India CV, no. 06 (2014): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2014.cv604.

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Oral mucositis is a common, debilitating complication of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy, occurring in about 40 percent cases. Mucositis may limit the patients ability to tolerate chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and nutrition status is compromised. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of Indian turmeric powder with honey as a complementary therapy on treatment induced oral mucositis. In the study, quasi experimental nonequivalent control group pre test post-test design was used and non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 60 cancer patients with treatment induced oral mucositis, 30 each in experimental and control group. The independent t value for post-test 2 and 3 (post-test 2: 2.86 for WHO OMAS and 4.58 for MPJ OMAS, post test 2: 5.42 for WHO OMAS and 7.2 for MPJ OMAS; p<0.05) were significant between experimental and control group. It is inferred that the application of Indian turmeric and honey on treatment-induced oral mucositis is effective.

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Meyer-Hamme, Gesa, Kathrin Beckmann, Janine Radtke, Thomas Efferth, Henry Johannes Greten, Matthias Rostock, and Sven Schröder. "A Survey of Chinese Medicinal Herbal Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/284959.

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Oral mucositis is one of the common side effects of chemotherapy treatment with potentially severe implications. Despite several treatment approaches by conventional and complementary western medicine, the therapeutic outcome is often not satisfactory. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers empirical herbal formulas for the treatment of oral ulceration which are used in adaptation to chemotherapy-induced mucositis. While standard concepts for TCM treatment do not exist and acceptance by conventional oncologists is still low, we conducted a review to examine the evidence of Chinese herbal treatment in oral mucositis. Eighteen relevant studies on 4 single herbs, 2 combinations of 2 herbs, and 11 multiherbal prescriptions involving 3 or more compounds were included. Corresponding molecular mechanisms were investigated. The knowledge about detailed herbal mechanisms, especially in multi-herbal prescriptions is still limited. The quality of clinical trials needs further improvement. Meta-analysis on the existent database is not possible but molecular findings on Chinese medicinal herbs indicate that further research is still promising for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis.

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Colella, Giuseppe, Ciro Emiliano Boschetti, Rita Vitagliano, Chiara Colella, Lebei Jiao, Natalie King-Smith, Chong Li, et al. "Interventions for the Prevention of Oral Mucositis in Patients Receiving Cancer Treatment: Evidence from Randomised Controlled Trials." Current Oncology 30, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 967–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010074.

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Oral mucositis is a common and most debilitating complication associated with cancer therapy. Despite the significant clinical and economic impact of this condition, there is little to offer to patients with oral mucositis, and the medications used in its management are generally only palliative. Given that mucositis is ultimately a predictable and, therefore, potentially preventable condition, in this study we appraised the scientific literature to evaluate effective methods of prevention that have been tested in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Published high-level evidence shows that multiple preventative methods are potentially effective in the prevention of oral mucositis induced by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or both. Anti-inflammatory medications (including benzydamine), growth factors and cytokines (including palifermin), cryotherapy, laser-and-light therapy, herbal medicines and supplements, and mucoprotective agents (including oral pilocarpine) showed some degree of efficacy in preventing/reducing the severity of mucositis with most anticancer treatments. Allopurinol was potentially effective in the prevention of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis; antimicrobial mouthwash and erythropoietin mouthwash were associated with a lower risk of development of severe oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy. The results of our review may assist in highlighting the efficacy and testing the effectiveness of low-cost, safe preventative measures for oral mucositis in cancer patients.

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Yasmin Mohamed Ali, Mohamed Sabry El–Kady, Hanan Said Ali, Dalia Abd-Allah Abdelatief, and Shimaa Nabil Abdelslam. "Effect of educational guidelines on reducing chemotherapy induced oral mucositis based on patients’ needs assessment." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 2570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4514.

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Oral mucositis is a distressing complication of chemotherapy-induced toxicity in cancer patients, it effect on the well-being of patients, demonstrating its negative impact on patients’ quality of life, and may lead to dose reduction among patients. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of educational guidelines on reducing chemotherapy induced oral mucositis based on patients' needs assessment. A quasi-experimental research design (pretest and posttest) has been conducted to achieve the aim of this study. This study was conducted in the inpatients' department at Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Department, affiliated to Ain Shams University. A purposive sample of 70 adult patients was selected based on certain inclusion criteria. A structured interview questionnaire, Oral assessment guide, and Patients' health condition assessment (Patient-related outcomes PROMs) are methods used to collect the data among the studied patients. There was statistically significant improvement in the post-test implementation of educational guidelines as regard patient's mouth care practice with p-value <0.001 and 88.6% of the patients had healthy oral cavity and didn't have any degree of oral mucositis. This study revealed the implementation of educational guidelines has a positive effect on the reducing chemotherapy induced oral mucositis for the patients undergoing chemotherapy.

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Sultani, Masooma, Andrea M. Stringer, Joanne M. Bowen, and Rachel J. Gibson. "Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: Important Immunoregulatory Factors Contributing to Chemotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Mucositis." Chemotherapy Research and Practice 2012 (September 2, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/490804.

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“Mucositis” is the clinical term used to describe ulceration and damage of the mucous membranes of the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT) following cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea, vomiting, and constipation resulting in both a significant clinical and financial burden. Chemotherapeutic drugs cause upregulation of stress response genes including NFκB, that in turn upregulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for initiating inflammation in response to tissue injury. Anti-inflammatory cytokines and specific cytokine inhibitors are also released to limit the sustained or excessive inflammatory reactions. In the past decade, intensive research has determined the role of proinflammatory cytokines in development of mucositis. However, a large gap remains in the knowledge of the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the setting of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. This critical paper will highlight current literature available relating to what is known regarding the development of mucositis, including the molecular mechanisms involved in inducing inflammation particularly with respect to the role of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as provide a detailed discussion of why it is essential to consider extensive research in the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in chemotherapy-induced mucositis so that effective targeted treatment strategies can be developed.

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Wodzinski, Amelia. "Potential Benefits of Oral Cryotherapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis." Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 20, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/16.cjon.462-465.

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Plevovaa, P., and B. Blazeek. "Intravenous Immunoglobulin as Prophylaxis of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 89, no. 4 (February 19, 1997): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/89.4.326.

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Shinohara, Akiyoshi, Masato Nakamura, Toshihide Onikubo, and Kumi Nakamura. "Efficacy of Rebamipide Gargle against Chemotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 135, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.15-00112-2.

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Kim, Seung Han, Hoon Jai Chun, Jung Min Lee, Sang Yup Lee, Byeong Kwang Choi, In Kyung Yoo, Jae Min Lee, et al. "Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid against chemotherapy-induced mucositis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2017): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.796.

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796 Background: Gastrointestinal mucositis is a serious side effect of chemotherapy. It increases the frequency of infection, risk of bleeding, and duration of hospitalization, consequently reducing subsequent chemotherapy doses. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which is currently used in various liver diseases, exerts direct cytoprotective effects by stabilizing membranes, inhibiting apoptosis, and acting as an antioxidant. The protective effect of UDCA against chemotherapy-induced mucositis was assessed using an in vivo animal model. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following 5 groups: non-chemotherapy and vehicle; 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and vehicle; 5-FU and 10 mg/kg/day UDCA; 5-FU and 100 mg/kg/day UDCA; and 5-FU and 500 mg/kg/day UDCA. 5-FU (400 mg/kg) or physiological saline (control) was administered by intraperitoneal injection. UDCA was orally administered 1 day before 5-FU injection for 6 days. One day after the final UDCA dose, rats were sacrificed, and the intestines were dissected for tissue sampling and laboratory analysis. Results: UDCA promoted a higher body weight recovery, decreased villus destruction, and reduced inflammatory cytokines levels, at doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg/day. Villous fusion and destruction were pronounced in the 5-FU group compared with those observed in the UDCA-treated group or controls. The jejunal villous lengths were as follows: 212.8±58.0 µm, 331.3±18.0 µm, and 310.0±112.6 µm, in the 5-FU and vehicle, 5-FU and 10 mg/kg UDCA (p = 0.006), and 5-FU and 100 mg/kg UDCA groups (p = 0.046), respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that IL-6 and TNF-α levels decreased in the 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg UDCA co-administration groups. Further, myeloperoxidase activity decreased in the UDCA co-administration group. Conclusions: UDCA significantly attenuated the reduction of the height of small intestinal villi and reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, thus highlighting the potential of UDCA as a preventive agent against chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucositis. The specific protective mechanisms of UDCA on the gastrointestinal tract should be determined.

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Nakamura, Masato, Akiyoshi Shinohara, Toshihide Onikubo, Kumi Nakamura, Harumi Kamikawa, Kyota Oda, and Katsunori Tauchi. "Efficacy of rebamipide-gargle for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 9637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.9637.

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9637 Background: Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM) is a severe adverse event resulting from cancer chemotherapy, and causes severe pain which impacts eating, nutrition, infection and overall quality of life. CIOM can result in unplanned treatment interruptions including dose reduction or treatment delay. Toxic free radicals and several pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by anti-cancer drugs have been reported to correlate with CIOM. Rebamipid, an endogenous inducer of prostaglandins, is widely used for gastric ulcers and gastritis in Asia. It has been shown to increase gastric endogenous prostaglandin E2 and I2, to promote gastric epithelial mucin, to behave as an oxygen–free radical scavenger, and to have other anti-inflammatory actions. In this study, we made a rebamipide gargle using rebamipide and ultrahydrogel, which is added for mucosal protection and to sustain the rebamipide on oral mucosa for a long time. Methods: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the rebamipide gargle in relieving CIOM. Each 300ml of rebamipide gargle is made by combining rebamipide 600mg, high molecular weight polyethylene oxide 3g, carrageenin 1.2g, pineapple flavor and water. Patients were instructed to use the rebamipide gargle 5-6 times a day. The severity of CIOM was assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common TerminologyCriteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE version 4.0). Results: From November 2009 to December 2012, 175 patients with CIOM were enrolled in this study (colorectal cancer 95 patients, breast cancer 32, gastric cancer 22, lung cancer 14, and other cancers 12). The patients’ CTCAE grades (3/2/1/0) changed from (n=13/64/98/0) to (0/10/103/62) respectively after initiation of rebamipide gargle (p<.01; paired t test). A decrease in CTCAE was observed in 142 patients (81.1%) including 62 patients (35.4%) achieving grade 0. The mean duration to best response was 14 days (range: 1-49), and rebamipide gargle was continued 42 days (range: 5-970).There were no unexpected safety events. Conclusions: Rebamipide gargle was well tolerated and demonstrated significant therapeutic response for CIOM.

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&NA;. "Simple measures most effective for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis." Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 17, no. 23 (November 2001): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00042310-200117230-00003.

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Holt, S. "Honey/coffee product may reduce chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis." Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 19, no. 4 (November 10, 2014): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fct.12147.

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KENNEDY, L. "Assessment and management of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in children." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 14, no. 3 (July 1997): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1043-4542(97)90052-7.

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Sonis, Stephen T., Christine Tracey, Gerald Shklar, James Jenson, and Dagne Florine. "An animal model for mucositis induced by cancer chemotherapy." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 69, no. 4 (April 1990): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(90)90376-4.

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Wadleigh, Robert G., Robert S. Redman, Mary Lou Graham, Steven H. Krasnow, Anita Anderson, and Martin H. Cohen. "Vitamin E in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucositis." American Journal of Medicine 92, no. 5 (May 1992): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(92)90744-v.

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Manzi, Natália de Melo, Renata Cristina de Campos Pereira Silveira, and Paula Elaine Diniz dos Reis. "Prophylaxis for mucositis induced by ambulatory chemotherapy: systematic review." Journal of Advanced Nursing 72, no. 4 (December 2, 2015): 735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jan.12867.

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Sonis, Stephen, Amy Koplowsky, Jacqueline Mitus, David Rosenthal, and Malcolm Brand. "Relationship of chemotherapy-induced mucositis and myelosuppression in hamsters." European Journal of Cancer Part B: Oral Oncology 28, no. 1 (July 1992): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-1955(92)90011-o.

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Hafner, Daša, Petra Hrast, Tanja Tomaževič, Janez Jazbec, and Marko Kavčič. "Photobiomodulation for Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Patients." Biomolecules 13, no. 3 (February 23, 2023): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13030418.

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Oral mucositis (OM) is a common side effect in patients undergoing chemotherapy (CT), especially in children due to their rapid epithelial mitotic rate. It has been associated with a significant reduction in life quality since it leads to pain, an inadequate intake of nutrients, an increased risk of opportunistic infections, and interruptions of CT. Photobiomodulation (PMB) with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown faster healing, reduction in pain, and the reduced use of analgesic compared to placebo groups. The purpose of this review is to analyze and compare the existing clinical trials and identify their shortcomings in hope to make future research easier. Using MeSH terms and keywords, the Embase, Medline, and PubMed databases we searched for the period of the last 5 years. We identified a total of 15 clinical trials, with a total of 929 pediatric patients analyzed in this review. We compared different light sources and other laser technique characteristics used in clinical trials such as wavelength, energy and power density, spot size, irradiation time, PBM protocol, and OM evaluation. The main findings show inconsistent laser parameter quotations, differences in the PBM protocol along with a laser application technique, and a lack of clinical trials. Based on that, more studies with a high methodological quality should be conducted in order to provide a unified PBM protocol suitable for the pediatric population.

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