Journal articles: 'Chemistry of waters'

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Siders, Mary, and Donald Runnells. "Impact of the 1988 Forest Fires on the Chemistry of Ground Water in Yellowstone National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 16 (January 1, 1992): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1992.3119.

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To determine the character and extent of possible changes in the chemistry of non-thermal ground waters in Yellowstone National Park that may have occurred as a result of the 1988 forest fires, a two-year program of sampling and analysis was begun in August, 1989. Samples from ground-water wells for which pre-fire chemical data could be obtained were selected for this study. The influx of ground water into surface waters (as baseflow) presents a possible pathway for ashÂ derived components to impact surface waters in the Park. Data from a recent study of a silicic, nonÂcarbonate aquifer system suggest even small amounts of ground water can significantly affect the chemical balance of dilute lake waters (Kenoyer and Bowser 1992a, 1992b). Because of the dilute nature of nonÂthermal waters in the Park and the unknown effects that the fire may have had on the solute content of the ground water, this study was commissioned by the National Park Service (NPS) to examine possible fire-induced changes in the chemistry of shallow ground-waters in the Park. Results of this study may allow the NPS to anticipate any future impact upon the chemistry of surface waters in Yellowstone, in addition to identifying any deleterious effects of the fire on quality of non-thermal ground water in the Park. Due to the geochemical, biological and hydrological processes that modify infiltrating precipitation, it was anticipated that the impact of the forest fires on the chemistry of ground-water would be of lesser magnitude than the chemical and physical effects of fire on surface waters in the Park. Samples of soil water and ground water were collected and analyzed to evaluate the impact of the fires on the shallow, non thermal ground waters in the Park. For detailed study sites and methodology see Runnells and Siders (1992).

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Dorval, Emmanis, Cynthia M. Jones, Robyn Hannigan, and Jacques van Montfrans. "Relating otolith chemistry to surface water chemistry in a coastal plain estuary." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-015.

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Although laboratory studies confirm that otoliths incorporate trace elements and stable isotopes from surrounding waters, few studies explore the relationship of otolith chemistry to water chemistry in the field and none include a larger suite of environmental tracers, such as rare earth elements. Using spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) as model species, we tested the hypothesis that otoliths record the water chemistry of seagrass habitats in Chesapeake Bay. In summer 2001, we sampled water and juvenile fish in seagrass beds of the bay. Weighted linear regressions showed that [Ba/Ca]otolith and [La/Ca]otolith were best predicted by salinity and were modeled as [Ba/Ca]otolith (µmol·mol–1) = –2.25 ± 0.35 × salinity + 59.47 ± 7.01) and [La/Ca]otolith (pmol·mol–1) = –8.71 ± 0.65 × salinity + 243.87 ± 12.52. [Ba/Ca]otolith increased with [Ba/Ca]water, but the relationship was nonlinear. Salinity did not influence [Mn/Ca]otolith, but this ratio was positively correlated with [Mn/Ca]water. Although the partition coefficient of Sr (DSr = 0.23 ± 0.019) was similar to that in laboratory experiments, [Sr/Ca] in waters and otoliths was decoupled despite equal temperature exposure, suggesting that [Sr/Ca]otolith concentration may not be a simple function of water composition. However, there was a predictive relationship between [δ18O]otolith and [Sr/Ca]water ([δ18O]otolith = 1.18 ± 0.09 × [Sr/Ca]water (mmol·mol–1) – 14.286 ± 0.78) resulting from mixing between fluvial and oceanic waters. Water chemistry showed mixed values as a proxy for otolith chemistry and may not be a surrogate for otolith chemistry in wide estuaries.

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Stauder, S. "Chemistry and treatment of ground water in the Vojvodina." Water Supply 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2007): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.071.

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Due to the geological and hydrochemical characteristics, the majority of the ground waters in the Vojvodina possess an unusual chemistry. Mainly this concerns their high alkalinity, low hardness and high contents in natural organic matter. Moreover the concentrations of arsenic, boron, ammonia and methane are elevated in many waters. Arsenic is present in the inorganic species arsenate(III) and arsenate(V), which are toxic to humans. Complex and expensive technology is required for these types of waters to produce drinking water for the public supply. Amongst others, the treatment process would have to include flocculation with high dosages of chemicals and for some waters also reverse osmosis, resulting in waste water amounts of up to 30%. The latter is critical since the exploited aquifer recharges very slowly. The Tisza River is an alternative resource, especially in the case that bank filtrate extraction could be implemented.

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Thurman, E. M. "Surface and colloid chemistry in natural waters and water treatment." Chemical Geology 95, no. 3-4 (February 1992): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90023-x.

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Millero, F. J. "The physical chemistry of natural waters." Pure and Applied Chemistry 57, no. 8 (January 1, 1985): 1015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac198557081015.

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Li, Xiaoyan, Alyssa R. Sanderson, Selett S. Allen, and Rebecca H. Lahr. "Tap water fingerprinting using a convolutional neural network built from images of the coffee-ring effect." Analyst 145, no. 4 (2020): 1511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01624d.

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Hoaghia, Maria-Alexandra, Ana Moldovan, Eniko Kovacs, Ionut Mirea, Marius Kenesz, Traian Brad, Oana Cadar, Valer Micle, Erika Levei, and Oana Moldovan. "Water Quality and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Some Karst Water Sources in Apuseni Mountains, Romania." Water 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060857.

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Human activities and natural factors determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwaters and their use as drinking water. This study assesses the hydrogeochemical characteristics of 14 karst water sources in the Apuseni Mountains (NW Romania) and their potential use as drinking water sources. As shown by the Durov and by the Piper diagrams, the chemical composition of the waters is typical of karst waters as it is dominated by HCO3− and Ca2+, having a circumneutral to alkaline pH and total dissolved solids ranging between 131 and 1092 mg L−1. The relation between the major ions revealed that dissolution is the main process contributing to the water chemistry. Limestone and dolostone are the main Ca and Mg sources, while halite is the main Na and Cl source. The Gibbs diagram confirmed the rock dominance of the water chemistry. The groundwater quality index (GWQI) showed that the waters are of excellent quality, except for two waters that displayed medium and good quality status. The quality of the studied karst waters is influenced by the geological characteristics, mainly by the water–rock interaction and, to a more limited extent, by anthropogenic activities. The investigated karst waters could be exploited as drinking water resources in the study area. The results of the present study highlight the importance of karst waters in the context of good-quality water shortage but also the vulnerability of this resource to anthropogenic influences.

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Piticchio, Serena G., Miriam Martínez-Cartró, Salvatore Scaffidi, Sergio Rodríguez-Arévalo, Andrea Bagán, Ainoa Sánchez-Arfelis, Carmen Escolano, Carles Galdeano, and Xavier Barril. "Hydrophobic Waters in Bromodomains." Proceedings 22, no. 1 (August 16, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019022080.

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Moiseenko, T. I., M. I. Dinu, N. A. Gashkina, and T. A. Kremleva. "Occurrence forms of metals in natural waters depending on water chemistry." Water Resources 40, no. 4 (July 2013): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s009780781304009x.

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Clair, Thomas A., Ian F. Dennis, Peter G. Amiro, and B. J. Cosby. "Past and future chemistry changes in acidified Nova Scotian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers: a dynamic modeling approach." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-196.

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations have been extirpated from a number of rivers in Nova Scotia, Canada, as a result of acid rain. We applied the model of acidification of groundwater in catchments (MAGIC) to 35 regional rivers to estimate pre-industrial water chemistry conditions and the potential future changes in water chemistry under three acid deposition scenarios for the region. Our model results indicate that water chemistry in the study streams remained relatively unchanged until the 1950s and reached their maximum effects on pH in the mid-1970s. The main effects of acid deposition have been a decrease in pH and an increase in base cations to surface waters, as the ion-exchange processes in soils release soil cations into surface waters. We forecast future water chemistry in the rivers using three deposition scenarios: no change in sulfate deposition from year 2000 and 10% and 20% sulfate reductions per decade. We show that the more rapid the reduction in acid deposition, the faster the recovery. We also show that although stream water acidity will recover within a few decades, in most streams, base cations will not recover to pre-industrial levels within the next 100 years.

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Pehlivan, Rustem. "Quality of bottled waters in Turkey." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 35 (December 31, 2007): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v35i0.23636.

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In Turkey, 103 bottled waters (from natural springs and mineral waters) were sampled for testing their quality. The test revealed that in them some ions exceed the limits permitted by the World Health Organisation, European Community, and Turkish Standards. The appearance of Fe, Zn, As, and Al in the natural spring and mineral waters indicates their inorganic contamination. Such bottled waters can cause adverse effects on human health. If the information reported on the bottled water consumed in Turkey and other countries of the world is updated with current results of water chemistry analysis, consumer’s confidence in companies that produce them will increase.

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Driscoll, Charles T., Gene E. Likens, Lars O. Hedin, John S. Eaton, and F. Herbert Bormann. "Changes in the chemistry of surface waters." Environmental Science & Technology 23, no. 2 (February 1989): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00179a001.

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Nessim, Ramzy B., Hermine R. Z. Tadros, Amaal E. A. Abou Taleb, and Madelyn N. Moawad. "Chemistry of the Egyptian Mediterranean coastal waters." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 41, no. 1 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2015.01.004.

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Bern, Carleton R., Justin E. Birdwell, and Aaron M. Jubb. "Water–rock interaction and the concentrations of major, trace, and rare earth elements in hydrocarbon-associated produced waters of the United States." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 23, no. 8 (2021): 1198–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1em00080b.

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15

Kulkarni, Aboli, Surajit Roy, Murugesan Yogeshwaran, Bhushan Shigwan, Smrithy Vijayan, Pranav Kshirsagar, Mandar N. Datar, and Balasubramanian Karthick. "Vanishing waters: water chemistry of temporary rock pools of the Western Ghats, India." Water Practice and Technology 17, no. 1 (November 2, 2021): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2021.107.

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Abstract The freshwater rockpools support high endemic biodiversity but are poorly studied habitats in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. These freshwater rock pools are situated on outcrops at various elevations in the Western Ghats and are composed of different bedrocks such as laterite and basalt. We aimed to analyze the water quality, geographical position based differences in the water chemistry and the role of bedrock in determining the water chemistry of the rock pools. Our study showed a wide range of water quality variables such as pH, conductivity, and ionic contents that attributed to the natural variation. We observed a drastic variation in the anions and cations at low elevation pools. Rock type and precipitation are influencing the ionic concentration; for example, Calcium and Bromide could be attributed to the seasonal precipitation and geomorphology. This documentation of physicochemical properties of the Western Ghats rock pools can form a baseline for further detailed studies.

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Lutyńska, Sylwia, and Krzysztof Labus. "Identification of processes controlling chemical composition of pit lakes waters located in the eastern part of Muskau Arch (Polish-German borderland) / Identyfikacja procesów kształtujących skład chemiczny wód zbiorników zlokalizowanych na obszarach pogórniczych we wschodniej części Łuku Mużakowa (pogranicze polsko-niemieckie)." Archives of Environmental Protection 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2015-0031.

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Abstract Exploitation of lignite within the area of Muskau Arch, carried out from the mid-nineteenth century, contributed to the transformation of the natural environment and changes in water regime. In the post-mining subsidences pit lakes were formed. The chemical composition of waters is a consequence of the intensive weathering of pyrite (FeS2), which is present in Miocene lignite-bearing rock forming the embankments of the lakes. This process leads to the formation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) and finally acidification of lake waters. This paper presents results of the identification of hydrogeochemical processes affecting the chemistry of waters from these reservoirs carried out using the speciation and statistical (cluster and factor) analyses. Cluster analysis allowed to separate from the analyzed group of anthropogenic reservoirs 7 subgroups characterized by a similar chemical composition of waters. The major processes affecting the chemistry of waters were identified and interpreted with help of factor and speciation analysis of two major parameters (iron and sulfur).

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Shin, Woo-Jin, Jong-Sik Ryu, Hyung Seon Shin, Youn-Young Jung, Kyung-Seok Ko, and Kwang-Sik Lee. "Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of Korean Bottled Waters." Water 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092585.

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The Korean bottled water market has continuously expanded during the last 25 years. However, in-depth studies of its geochemistry have not been conducted. Four types of bottled water manufactured in South Korea (i.e., natural mineral water, NMW; functional water, FW; carbonated water, CW; and desalinated seawater, DSW) were investigated to classify the water type, verify the accuracy of the ion contents detailed on the bottle labels, and decipher the origin of the water sources using major and trace elements and their isotopes. The waters was classified into three types: Ca-HCO3, Ca(Mg)-Cl, and Na-HCO3. NMW and FW are mainly of the Ca-HCO3 type. Our findings indicate that Korean bottled water chemistry is associated with lithological features and manufacturing processes; NMW is closely related to lithology while FW and DSW are strongly affected by manufacturing processes. Unlike major ions, trace elements cannot be used to decipher Korean bottled water chemistry because they show little apparent relationship with lithology. Regardless of the water chemistry, typical isotopic signals corresponding to intrinsic water were observed in all of the samples, indicating that groundwater and seawater were the sources of Korean bottled water.

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Poboży, Ewa, and Marek Trojanowicz. "Application of Capillary Electrophoresis for Determination of Inorganic Analytes in Waters." Molecules 26, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 6972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226972.

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Aside from HPLC and GC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is one of the most important techniques for high-performance separations in modern analytical chemistry. Its main advantages are the possibility of using different detection techniques, the possibility of in-capillary sample processing for preconcentration or derivatization, and ease of instrumental miniaturization down to the microfluidic scale. Those features are utilized in the separation of macromolecules in biochemistry and in genetic investigations, but they can be also used in determinations of inorganic ions in water analysis. This review, based on about 100 original research works, presents applications of CE methods in water analysis reported in recent decade, mostly regarding conductivity detection or indirect UV detection. The developed applications include analysis of high salinity sea waters, as well as analysis of other surface waters and drinking waters.

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Stevens, P. A., B. Reynolds, S. Hughes, D. A. Norris, and A. L. Dickinson. "Relationships between spruce plantation age, solute and soil chemistry in Hafren forest." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 3 (September 30, 1997): 627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-627-1997.

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Abstract. Rain, throughfall, soil waters from surface peaty O horizon and deeper mineral B horizon, and stream water, were collected every four weeks for one year in a moorland catchment, and in four forested catchments. The four forested catchments represented an age sequence of first rotation Sitka spruce plantations, aged 14, 28, 37 and 53 years. All water samples were analysed for all major solutes, including dissolved organic nitrogen (DON-N); stream water and B horizon soil waters were also subjected to aluminium speciation. In each catchment, soil samples were collected on one occasion and pH was measured. Concentrations of most solutes were substantially higher in the 37 year old forest stand than in the moorland catchment, with intermediate concentrations in the two younger stands and 53 year old stand. In particular, higher nitrate-N concentrations were found in the soils and streams of the older forests, although these concentrations tended to be highest in the 37 year old stand. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of soil waters was lower in the B horizon of the forest stands than in the moorland, and tended to decline with increasing forest age. Soil water from both O and B horizons was most acid in the 37 year old stand, and the water from the soil O horizon in all four forest stands was more acid than that in moorland sites. The pH of the soil itself (as measured in a deionised water slurry) was lower in the forest stands than in moorland, although trends with forest age were complex.

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Ivanova, Irina, Oleg Savichev, Nikolay Trifonov, Yulia V. Kolubaeva, and Natalia Volkova. "Major-Ion Chemistry and Quality of Water in Rivers of Northern West Siberia." Water 13, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 3107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213107.

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This study reports a synthesis of years-long hydrogeochemical monitoring in northern West Siberia, performed by the Russian Meteorological Service (Rosgidromet) and several academic institutions. Natural factors and intensive human economic activity lead to the disruption of the ecosystems of the northern territories of Western Siberia. The aim of this study is to estimate the background water chemistry parameters in the rivers of northern West Siberia in the beginning of the 21st century. The mean values hydrochemical and geochemical indicators were determined with STATISTICA software, which can be used as background values in assessing the actual and allowable anthropogenic impact on water bodies. We revealed four water chemistry provinces: western Ob Gulf and Ob estuary catchments (I); eastern Ob Gulf and Taz Gulf catchments, except for the Taz River and its tributaries (II); Taz River catchments (III); Yenisei River catchments, right bank (IV). The major-ion chemistry of the sampled river waters records a combination of geological, geomorphological, and hydrological conditions in the four provinces. The features typical of the northern West Siberian Plain are especially prominent in province II, which has the lowest average total of major ions (Σmi), the highest chemical oxygen demand (potassium dichromate COD), and the highest contents of Fe and phosphates. The Σmi value is the highest in province IV. The river waters from four provinces share similarity in quite high organic contents (both potassium dichromate and permanganate COD), as well as high NH4+ and Fe. The long-term average Σmi of the waters is predicted not to change much in the coming one or two decades, though it may decrease slightly in the winter season but increase in the fall and spring time.

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Daniszewski, Piotr. "Water Quality of the Surfaces Waters of the Strazym Lake." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 3 (September 2013): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.3.86.

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To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of Strażym Lake, in time of 2008. In arbitrary appointed times 19 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition (temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen and saturation by O2, solid residue, residue after ignition), trophy (concentrations of NO3ˉ, NO2ˉ, NH4+, PO43–dissolved., Ptot.), and mineralization (specyfic electrolytic conductivity, total hardness and separately concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Clˉ, SO42–, total concentrations of Fe and Mn).

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Daniszewski, Piotr. "Water Quality of the Surfaces Waters of the Strazym Lake." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 3 (October 19, 2012): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-8o2xwj.

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To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of Strażym Lake, in time of 2008. In arbitrary appointed times 19 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition (temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen and saturation by O2, solid residue, residue after ignition), trophy (concentrations of NO3ˉ, NO2ˉ, NH4+, PO43–dissolved., Ptot.), and mineralization (specyfic electrolytic conductivity, total hardness and separately concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Clˉ, SO42–, total concentrations of Fe and Mn).

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Grossman, Jarod N., and Tara F. Kahan. "Hydroxyl radical formation from bacteria-assisted Fenton chemistry at neutral pH under environmentally relevant conditions." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 4 (2016): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en15256.

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Environmental contextReactions in natural waters such as lakes and streams are thought to be extremely slow in the absence of sunlight (e.g. at night). We demonstrate that in the presence of iron, hydrogen peroxide and certain bacteria (all of which are common in natural waters), certain reactions may occur surprisingly quickly. These findings will help us predict the fate of many compounds, including pollutants, in natural waters at night. AbstractDark Fenton chemistry is an important source of hydroxyl radicals (OH•) in natural waters in the absence of sunlight. Hydroxyl radical production by this process is very slow in many bodies of water, owing to slow reduction and low solubility of FeIII at neutral and near-neutral pH. We have investigated the effects of the iron-reducing bacteria Shewanella oneidensis (SO) on OH• production rates from Fenton chemistry at environmentally relevant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and iron concentrations at neutral pH. In the presence of 2.0 × 10–4M H2O2, OH• production rates increased from 1.3 × 10–10 to 2.0 × 10–10Ms–1 in the presence of 7.0 × 106cellsmL–1 SO when iron (at a concentration of 100μM) was in the form of FeII, and from 3.6 × 10–11 to 2.2 × 10–10Ms–1 when iron was in the form of FeIII. This represents rate increases of factors of 1.5 and 6 respectively. We measured OH• production rates at a range of H2O2 concentrations and SO cell densities. Production rates depended linearly on both variables. We also demonstrate that bacteria-assisted Fenton chemistry can result in rapid degradation of aromatic pollutants such as anthracene. Our results suggest that iron-reducing bacteria such as SO may be important contributors to radical formation in dark natural waters.

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Lippard, S. "Bio-inorganic chemistry: Newly charted waters Editorial overview." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-5931(99)00065-4.

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Ayatollahi, Shakiba, Daina Kalnina, Weihua Song, Barbara A. Cottrell, Michael Gonsior, and William J. Cooper. "Recent advances in structure and reactivity of dissolved organic matter: radiation chemistry of non-isolated natural organic matter and selected model compounds." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 9 (November 1, 2012): 1941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.404.

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The importance of natural organic matter (NOM) as a source of carbon in natural waters, as the source of reactive oxygen species, or for the complications its presence causes in treatment of natural waters, is undeniable. Recent studies have also pointed to the major photochemical role of triplet excited state of natural organic matter in the environmental fate of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in waters. However, the characterization of NOM is problematic due to its complex molecular structure. One approach to better understand NOM chemistry is the use of model compounds. As the condensation of a plant's phenolic compounds leads to humification and the formation of NOM, a structurally broad group of nine phenolic compounds were selected as model compounds for this study. With methods used in the discipline of radiation chemistry, the oxidative chemistry and transient spectra of these phenols were studied. In addition, the oxidative chemistry and transient spectra of a sample of NOM from the Black River, North Carolina, USA, was characterized. This natural water sample was used as received and represents the first studies of non-isolated NOM by pulsed radiolysis. The results of the transient spectra of the NOM revealed that the radical intermediates were very long lived. This phenomenon was not captured using the nine model compounds suggesting that more complex compounds are needed to further our understanding of the oxidation chemistry of NOM.

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Uliasz-Misiak, Barbara, and Katarzyna Chruszcz-Lipska. "Hydrogeochemical Aspects Associated with the Mixing of Formation Waters Injected Into the Hydrocarbon Reservoir." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 33, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2017-0017.

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Abstract Formation waters extracted with crude oil and natural gas, due to their amount and chemical composition can be a problem for petroleum companies operating hydrocarbon deposits. On average, the world generates 2 to 3 times more water than oil. On average, the world generates 2 to 3 times more water than crude oil. T he amount of extracted water increases with the time of exploitation of the deposit, in the case of deposits at the final stage of depletion, the amount of extracted water is 5 to 8 times bigger than petroleum. Formation waters from hydrocarbons deposits are usually the highly mineralized brines. Large quantities of highly mineralized waters extracted with crude oil and gas are disposed of in various ways or neutralized. T he most common way of disposing of these waters is by injecting them into rock mass. As a result of injection of reservoir waters into hydrocarbon deposits, the waters interact with the storage formations. In these formations, there may be numerous reactions of mineral water with the rock environment. T he injection of reservoir waters will also cause mixing of waters that can disturb the state of thermodynamic equilibrium and will alter the chemistry of these waters. It was analyzed by the geochemical modeling of the interaction of the reservoir waters of Przemyśl natural gas field. Using the PHREEQC program, the chemical reactions related to the mixing of reservoir waters of different chemical types have been studied. It has been found that is possible to precipitation appropriated minerals as a result of mixing water with different chemical composition.

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Papic, Petar, Ilija Djokovic, Jana Stojkovic, Vidojko Jovic, Goran Marinkovic, and Zoran Nikic. "The impact of geology on the migration of fluorides in mineral waters of the Bukulja and Brajkovac pluton area, Serbia." Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique, no. 73 (2012): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp1273109p.

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One of the hydrogeochemical parameters that classify groundwater as mineral water is the content of fluoride ions. Their concentration is both important and limited for bottled mineral waters. Hydrochemical research of mineral waters in the surrounding area of Bukulja and Brajkovac pluton, in central Serbia, was conducted in order to define the chemical composition and genesis of these waters. They are carbonated waters, with content of fluoride ranging from 0.2 up to 6.6 mg/L. Since hydrochemical analyses showed variations in the major water chemistry, it was obvious that, apart from hydrochemical research, some explorations of the structure of the regional terrain would be inevitable. For these purposes, some additional geological research was performed, creating an adequate basis for the interpretation of the genesis of these carbonated mineral waters. The results confirmed the significance of the application of hydrochemical methods in the research of mineral waters. The work tended to emphasize that ?technological treatment? for decreasing the concentration of fluoride in mineral waters occurs in nature, indicating the existence of natural defluoridization.

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DAVRAZ, Ayşen, and Simge VAROL. "Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Water Resources in the Aksu Stream Basin (Tefenni-Burdur)." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 390–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1036061.

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Drinking water supply has become an important problem today. In urban areas, drinking water is generally supplied from surface water storages such as dams and ponds. In this study, the hydrogeochemical and quality characteristics of Aksu stream waters, which will feed the dam planned to meet the long-term drinking water needs of Burdur city center, were investigated. Marmaris peridotite and Kızılcadağ melange and olistrochrome crop out in large areas in the Aksu stream basin. It has been determined that the waters in the study area are of MgHCO3 hydrogeochemical facies. The major ion contents of waters were used to define hydrogeochemical processes that control the chemical composition of surface and ground waters. It has been determined that the chemistry of the surface and ground waters in the basin, depending on the rock-water interaction, is affected by both carbonate and silicate weathering processes. The EC value of the spring waters discharged from the study area varies between 460 and 550 μS/cm, and the EC value of the stream waters varies between 460 and 620 μS/cm. The pH value of the water samples is between 8.50 and 8.73. It has been determined that the physical parameters, major ions and trace element contents of the surface and spring waters feeding the Aksu stream do not exceed the drinking water standards of Turkey and the World Health Organization and are suitable for usage as drinking water. Different diagrams and equations were used to evaluate the usability of water as irrigation water. In general, it has been determined that Aksu stream waters are suitable for use for irrigation water, except for the Magnesium Hazard (MT) value. High Mg+2 contents of the waters will have a negative effect when used as irrigation water.

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Oviedo, A., P. Ziveri, M. Álvarez, and T. Tanhua. "Is coccolithophore distribution in the Mediterranean Sea related to seawater carbonate chemistry?" Ocean Science 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2015): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-11-13-2015.

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Abstract. The Mediterranean Sea is considered a "hot spot" for climate change, being characterized by oligotrophic to ultra-oligotrophic waters and rapidly increasing seasurface temperature and changing carbonate chemistry. Coccolithophores are considered a dominant phytoplankton group in these waters. As marine calcifying organisms they are expected to respond to the ongoing changes in seawater carbonate chemistry. We provide here a description of the springtime coccolithophore distribution in the Mediterranean Sea and relate this to a broad set of in situ-measured environmental variables. Samples were taken during the R/V Meteor (M84/3) oceanographic cruise in April 2011, between 0 and 100 m water depth from 28 stations. Total diatom and silicoflagellate cell concentrations are also presented. Our results highlight the importance of seawater carbonate chemistry, especially [CO32−] but also [PO43−] in unraveling the distribution of heterococcolithophores, the most abundant coccolithophore life phase. Holo- and heterococcolithophores respond differently to environmental factors. For instance, changes in heterococcolithophore assemblages were best linked to the combination of [CO32−], pH, and salinity (ρ = 0.57), although salinity might be not functionally related to coccolithophore assemblage distribution. Holococcolithophores, on the other hand, showed higher abundances and species diversity in oligotrophic areas (best fit, ρ = 0.32 for nutrients), thriving in nutrient-depleted waters. Clustering of heterococcolithophores revealed three groups of species sharing more than 65% similarities. These clusters could be assigned to the eastern and western basins and deeper layers (below 50 m), respectively. In addition, the species Gephyrocapsa oceanica, G. muellerae, and Emiliania huxleyi morphotype B/C are spatially distributed together and trace the influx of Atlantic waters into the Mediterranean Sea. The results of the present work emphasize the importance of considering holo- and heterococcolithophores separately when analyzing changes in species assemblages and diversity. Our findings suggest that coccolithophores are a main phytoplankton group in the entire Mediterranean Sea and can dominate over siliceous phytoplankton. They have life stages that are expected to respond differently to the variability in seawater carbonate chemistry and nutrient concentrations.

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Chang, Xing-Wang, Mo Xu, Liang-Wen Jiang, Xiao Li, and Yun-Hui Zhang. "Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Formation of Low-Temperature Geothermal Waters in Mangbang-Longling Area of Western Yunnan, China." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (July 28, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5527354.

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Numerous low-temperature geothermal waters are distributed extensively in Mangbang-Longling of western Yunnan in China, whose formation mechanism has not been completely investigated yet. This study focused on the hydrogeochemical evolution, reservoir temperature, and recharge origin of geothermal waters using hydrogeochemical and deuterium-oxygen (D-O) isotopic studies. The low-temperature geothermal waters were characterized by HCO3-Na type, while shallow cold spring was of the hydrochemical type of HCO3-Ca. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of low-temperature geothermal waters were mainly determined by the dissolution of silicate minerals based on the geological condition and correlations of major and minor ions. The reservoir temperatures of low-temperature geothermal waters ranged from 111°C to 126°C estimated by silica geothermometry and the silicon-enthalpy graphic method. Low-temperature geothermal waters circulated at the largest depth of 1794–2077 m where deep high-temperature geothermal waters were involved. The data points of δD and δ18O of the hot spring water samples in the study area show a linear right-up trend, indicating the δ18O reaction between the water and rock and a possible mixture of magmatic water from below. The low-temperature thermal waters were recharged by meteoric water at the elevation of 2362–3653 m calculated by δD values. Upwelling by heating energy, low-temperature geothermal waters were exposed as geothermal springs in the fault and fracture intersection and mixed by up to 72% shallow cold waters at surface. Based on acquired data, a conceptual model of the low-temperature geothermal waters in the Mangbang-Longling area was proposed for future exploitation.

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Muromtsev, N. A., P. I. Pylenok, N. A. Semenov, and K. B. Anisimov. "Specific features of soil water exchange and chemistry of pore and ground waters." Eurasian Soil Science 48, no. 7 (July 2015): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106422931507008x.

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Yin, Yongguang, Xiaoya Yang, Xiaoxia Zhou, Weidong Wang, Sujuan Yu, Jingfu Liu, and Guibin Jiang. "Water chemistry controlled aggregation and photo-transformation of silver nanoparticles in environmental waters." Journal of Environmental Sciences 34 (August 2015): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.04.005.

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Maas, Benjamin, Eric Peterson, Joe Honings, Andrew Oberhelman, Prince Oware, Ian Rusthoven, and Andrew Watson. "Differentiation of Surface Water and Groundwater in a Karst System Using Anthropogenic Signatures." Geosciences 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040148.

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Surface water–groundwater interaction within a karstic system enhances contaminant transport, making karst aquifers susceptible to anthropogenic practices. Contaminated waters related to agricultural and animal husbandry in northwestern Illinois (USA) prompted this investigation. Six streams and five springs were sampled for 16 parameters to assess anthropogenic influences. Statistical analyses revealed differences in 13 of 16 parameters between the stream and spring waters. Rock–water interaction was identified as the dominant mechanism defining the chemistry for both waters, which were classified as Ca-Mg HCO3. Elevated nitrate as nitrogen (NO3-N), chloride (Cl−), sodium, and potassium concentrations indicate that human activities have influenced the quality of both water types. All streams and springs had NO3-N concentration exceeding background levels, with concentrations ranging from 2.9 to 14.5 mg/L and 2.9 to 30.1 mg/L, respectively. NO3-N/Cl relationships at individual locations showed elevated concentrations of NO3-N due to fertilizers, while the spring waters were influenced by manure, septic effluent, or mixed sources. The presence of coliform supports the likelihood of animal or human waste influences on waters. Dissimilarities within their chemical fingerprints can be traced to aid in differentiating sources within the waters.

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Moiseenko, Tatyana I., Natalia A. Gashkina, Marina I. Dinu, Tatiana A. Kremleva, and Vitaliy Yu Khoroshavin. "Water Chemistry of Arctic Lakes under Airborne Contamination of Watersheds." Water 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061659.

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The data on the metal contents and acidification of small lakes caused by airborne contamination of the watershed in three industrial regions of the Arctic—European Russia (Kola region), Western (Yamal-Nenets region) and Eastern Siberia (Norilsk region)—have been presented for the first time. It has been proven that acidification and enrichment by metals of water connect with sulfur dioxide and metals emissions from copper–nickel smelters, contaminating the catchments, with associated gas burning during raw hydrocarbon production. To assess the effects of acid deposition, critical loads and their exceeds were calculated: exceeded by 56% and 12.5%, respectively, in lakes in the Kola region and in the north of Western Siberia; the catchments of the East Siberian region are resistant to acidification. Water enrichment factors (EF) by elements were calculated to show that the waters of the Norilsk and Kola regions are enriched with Ni, Cd, As, Sb and Se as a result of emissions from copper–nickel smelters. The oil and gas industry in the northern regions of Western Siberia lead to the increase in V, Pb and Mo concentrations in the waters. The high values of EF and excess of acidity critical loads for water are explained by the local and transboundary pollution impacts on the catchment of small lakes.

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A. Issaadi, A. Ait Ouali, and A. Ayadi K. Imessad. "The Role of Geothermal Waters in Sustainable Development Application of Main North Center Algerian Hot Springs (Righa, Biban, Ksena)." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n4p30.

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The study zone is one of the significant thermal waters in the north Algeria. It is characterized by a cold climate with intense rain rates 700 mm/year. The Jurassic geothermal reservoir system is exploited by thermal springs and traditional wells for agricultural purposes. The main reservoir lithology characterized by calcareous formations which yield the chemical features of highly mineralized Na-Cl type representing the thermal waters. Seven main Hot springs was samples collected June 2018 with a temperature average between 29 and 80° C and conductivities range from 2520 to 3766 μS/cm.For a better application of geothermal water sites, a multidisciplinary methods was adopted, geological site study, water chemistry and touristic impact for local economic development. In this study, a final map was realized of geothermal potential for possible exploitation of this clean energyKeywords: Biban, thermal springs, sustainable development, geothermal use, water chemistry

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Wilson, B. P., I. White, and M. D. Melville. "Floodplain hydrology, acid discharge and change in water quality associated with a drained acid sulfate soil." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 2 (1999): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98034.

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A two-year study of the relationships between water chemistry, hydrology and climatology in areas of acid sulfate soils has demonstrated that discharge of sulfuric acid to estuaries is not dependent solely on the magnitude of a rainfall event. Large rain events did not always produce significant changes to water chemistry, and small rain events could produce large changes if the prevailing conditions were suitable. The magnitude of changes to estuarine waters was found to be dependent on the position of the watertable, and therefore the available soil pore space, and the store of acidic water in floodgated drains at the time of rainfall. These results have significance for predicting the discharge of acid drainage to estuarine environments and the possible impacts on aquatic organisms. A water balance equation, which estimated acid discharge to surface waters as high as 317 t of H2SO4 in one month, can be used to predict monthly discharges for rain events of varying magnitude if prevailing weather conditions are known.

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Utami, Sri Budhi, Vincent J. van Hinsberg, Bassam Ghaleb, and Arnold E. van Dijk. "Oxygen isotope fractionation between gypsum and its formation waters: Implications for past chemistry of the Kawah Ijen volcanic lake, Indonesia." American Mineralogist 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7298.

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Abstract Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) provides an opportunity to obtain information from both the oxygen isotopic composition of the water and sulfate of its formation waters, where these components are commonly sourced from different reservoirs (e.g., meteoric vs. magmatic). Here, we present δ18O values for gypsum and parent spring waters fed by the Kawah Ijen crater lake in East Java, Indonesia, and from these natural samples derive gypsum-fluid oxygen isotope fractionation factors for water and sulfate group ions of 1.0027 ± 0.0003‰ and 0.999 ± 0.001‰, respectively. Applying these fractionation factors to a growth-zoned gypsum stalactite that records formation waters from 1980 to 2008 during a period of passive degassing, and gypsum cement extracted from the 1817 eruption tephra fall deposit, shows that these fluids were in water-sulfate oxygen isotopic equilibrium. However, the 1817 fluid was >5‰ lighter. This indicates that the 1817 pre-eruption lake was markedly different, and had either persisted for a much shorter duration or was more directly connected to the underlying magmatic-hydrothermal system. This exploratory study highlights the potential of gypsum to provide a historical record of both the δ18Owater and δ18Osulfate of its parental waters, and provides insights into the processes acting on volcanic crater lakes or any other environment that precipitates gypsum.

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Ackerer, Julien, Benjamin Jeannot, Frederick Delay, Sylvain Weill, Yann Lucas, Bertrand Fritz, Daniel Viville, and François Chabaux. "Crossing hydrological and geochemical modeling to understand the spatiotemporal variability of water chemistry in a headwater catchment (Strengbach, France)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 3111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3111-2020.

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Abstract. Understanding the variability of the chemical composition of surface waters is a major issue for the scientific community. To date, the study of concentration–discharge relations has been intensively used to assess the spatiotemporal variability of the water chemistry at watershed scales. However, the lack of independent estimations of the water transit times within catchments limits the ability to model and predict the water chemistry with only geochemical approaches. In this study, a dimensionally reduced hydrological model coupling surface flow with subsurface flow (i.e., the Normally Integrated Hydrological Model, NIHM) has been used to constrain the distribution of the flow lines in a headwater catchment (Strengbach watershed, France). Then, hydrogeochemical simulations with the code KIRMAT (i.e., KInectic Reaction and MAss Transport) are performed to calculate the evolution of the water chemistry along the flow lines. Concentrations of dissolved silica (H4SiO4) and in basic cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) in the spring and piezometer waters are correctly reproduced with a simple integration along the flow lines. The seasonal variability of hydraulic conductivities along the slopes is a key process to understand the dynamics of flow lines and the changes of water transit times in the watershed. The covariation between flow velocities and active lengths of flow lines under changing hydrological conditions reduces the variability of water transit times and explains why transit times span much narrower variation ranges than the water discharges in the Strengbach catchment. These findings demonstrate that the general chemostatic behavior of the water chemistry is a direct consequence of the strong hydrological control of the water transit times within the catchment. Our results also show that a better knowledge of the relations between concentration and mean transit time (C–MTT relations) is an interesting new step to understand the diversity of C–Q shapes for chemical elements. The good match between the measured and modeled concentrations while respecting the water–rock interaction times provided by the hydrological simulations also shows that it is possible to capture the chemical composition of waters using simply determined reactive surfaces and experimental kinetic constants. The results of our simulations also strengthen the idea that the low surfaces calculated from the geometrical shapes of primary minerals are a good estimate of the reactive surfaces within the environment.

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Dowling, Carolyn B., Robert J. Poreda, and W. Berry Lyons. "The effects of high meltwater on the limnology of Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare, Taylor Valley, Antarctica, as shown by dissolved gas, tritium and chlorofluorocarbons." Antarctic Science 26, no. 4 (January 2, 2014): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410201300062x.

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AbstractSmall changes in the availability of liquid water can have profound effects on the water levels, aqueous chemistry and biogeochemical dynamics of the closed-basin, perennially ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. We have compiled the published and unpublished data on dissolved gas, tritium and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare to determine the effects of a high meltwater year (2001–02 summer) on the lakes. The dissolved gas, tritium and CFC data indicate that the pulse of freshwater that flowed onto the surfaces of the lakes did not mix extensively with the upper water column. At the bottom of Lake Hoare, the measurable CFC and lower dissolved gas values suggest that the recent meltwater may have mixed with bottom waters. The probable mechanism for this transportation is weak density currents withc. 0.1–1.5% surface water being transported downwards in Lake Hoare. This deep water input, while not constant, may have a significant effect on the chemistry of the bottom waters in Lake Hoare over time. In Lake Fryxell, the tritium and CFC data indicate that the recent meltwater did not significantly affect the bottom water chemistry; therefore, weak density currents may not be present in Lake Fryxell.

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Daniszewski, Piotr, and Beata Draszawka-Bołzan. "Water Quality of the Surfaces Waters of the Swimming Pools Port in Swinoujscie." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 4 (September 2013): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.4.96.

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To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of swimming pools port in Swinoujscie, in time of 2004 - 2008. In arbitrary appointed times 5 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition - temperature, pH, COD-Cr, BOD5, Clˉ.

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Daniszewski, Piotr, and Beata Draszawka-Bołzan. "Water Quality of the Surfaces Waters of the Swimming Pools Port in Swinoujscie." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 4 (November 19, 2012): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-79iyba.

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To estimate differentiation of water chemistry in reservoirs of swimming pools port in Swinoujscie, in time of 2004 - 2008. In arbitrary appointed times 5 physical and chemical indicators of water quality were determined to evaluate general status and water condition - temperature, pH, COD-Cr, BOD5, Clˉ.

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Craig, D., and L. M. Johnston. "Acid Precipitation and Groundwater Chemistry at the Turkey Lakes Watershed." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, S1 (December 19, 1988): s59—s65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-267.

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To determine correctly the response of a basin to various acid loading events, the groundwater hydrology must be considered as a function of the basin stratigraphy and mineralogy. Groundwaters in the Turkey Lakes Watershed are well buffered and in general provide a reservoir of alkalinity for surface waters in the basin. The groundwater chemistry is dominated by the weathering of carbonates present in the tills. Groundwater can follow a variety of pathways through the subsurface. These pathways can have very different flow rates and groundwater chemistry. As a result of this the influence of groundwater on surface water is highly site specific.

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Fatmawati, Fatmawati, and Baharuddin Baharuddin. "KAJIAN KESESUAIAN BUDIDAYA LAUT KARAMBA JARING APUNG PERAIRAN GUGUSAN PULAU LAUT KEPULAUAN KABUPATEN KOTABARU." EnviroScienteae 17, no. 2 (September 18, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v17i2.11498.

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The research has been carried out in the waters of the Pulau Laut Islands cluster, located in the southern part of the Pulau Laut Island, Kotabaru Regency, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The conduct of the study was to determine the level of cages culture suitability for mariculture of marine fish and the direction of the development of grouper Mariculture, based on the hydrodynamics of oceanography and physical chemistry parameters of waters. The waters suitability was determined based on the hydrodynamic parameter assessment and overlays of the physical chemistry quality requirements of the waters. Analysis was carried out using Arc View software. The results obtained a total area of the marine island waters is ± 13,906.70 hectare, the area of the waters that are very suitable (S1) is 484.17 hectares, adequate waters (S2) obtained an area of 985.96 hectare, conditional waters area (S3) 985.96 hectare and not suitable waters (N) is 11827.09 hectares. Mariculture development directions by considering limiting factors parameters during the west season from waves, currents and winds, it is recommended that in grouper Mariculture 74.18 ha of waters. It consists of 23.17 hectare of waters in the Tepian Mataja Strait and 51.02 hectare in the Karajaan Strait.

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Wildeman, T. R., and R. Schmiermund. "Mining Influenced Waters: Their Chemistry and Methods of Treatment." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2004, no. 1 (2004): 2001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr04012001.

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45

Wildeman, T. R., and R. Schmiermund. "MINING INFLUENCED WATERS: THEIR CHEMISTRY AND METHODS OF TREATMENT." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2004, no. 1 (June 30, 2004): 2001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr0402001.

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Driscoll, C. T. "Aluminum in acidic surface waters: chemistry, transport, and effects." Environmental Health Perspectives 63 (November 1985): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.856393.

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Davies, T. C. "Chemistry and pollution of natural waters in western Kenya." Journal of African Earth Sciences 23, no. 4 (November 1996): 547–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00018-3.

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Konhauser, K. O., W. S. Fyfe, and B. I. Kronberg. "Multi-element chemistry of some Amazonian waters and soils." Chemical Geology 111, no. 1-4 (January 1994): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90088-4.

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Jewell, Paul W., Thomas A. Rahn, and John R. Bowman. "Hydrology and Chemistry of Thermal Waters Near Wells, Nevada." Ground Water 32, no. 4 (July 1994): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00902.x.

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Czernichowski-Lauriol, I., and C. Fouillac. "The chemistry of geothermal waters: its effects on exploitation." Terra Nova 3, no. 5 (September 1991): 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00183.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chemistry of waters'

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