Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemistry of waters

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemistry of waters'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemistry of waters"

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Siders, Mary, and Donald Runnells. "Impact of the 1988 Forest Fires on the Chemistry of Ground Water in Yellowstone National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 16 (January 1, 1992): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1992.3119.

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To determine the character and extent of possible changes in the chemistry of non-thermal ground waters in Yellowstone National Park that may have occurred as a result of the 1988 forest fires, a two-year program of sampling and analysis was begun in August, 1989. Samples from ground-water wells for which pre-fire chemical data could be obtained were selected for this study. The influx of ground water into surface waters (as baseflow) presents a possible pathway for ash­ derived components to impact surface waters in the Park. Data from a recent study of a silicic, non­carbonate aquifer system suggest even small amounts of ground water can significantly affect the chemical balance of dilute lake waters (Kenoyer and Bowser 1992a, 1992b). Because of the dilute nature of non­thermal waters in the Park and the unknown effects that the fire may have had on the solute content of the ground water, this study was commissioned by the National Park Service (NPS) to examine possible fire-induced changes in the chemistry of shallow ground-waters in the Park. Results of this study may allow the NPS to anticipate any future impact upon the chemistry of surface waters in Yellowstone, in addition to identifying any deleterious effects of the fire on quality of non-thermal ground water in the Park. Due to the geochemical, biological and hydrological processes that modify infiltrating precipitation, it was anticipated that the impact of the forest fires on the chemistry of ground-water would be of lesser magnitude than the chemical and physical effects of fire on surface waters in the Park. Samples of soil water and ground water were collected and analyzed to evaluate the impact of the fires on the shallow, non thermal ground waters in the Park. For detailed study sites and methodology see Runnells and Siders (1992).
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Dorval, Emmanis, Cynthia M. Jones, Robyn Hannigan, and Jacques van Montfrans. "Relating otolith chemistry to surface water chemistry in a coastal plain estuary." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-015.

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Although laboratory studies confirm that otoliths incorporate trace elements and stable isotopes from surrounding waters, few studies explore the relationship of otolith chemistry to water chemistry in the field and none include a larger suite of environmental tracers, such as rare earth elements. Using spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) as model species, we tested the hypothesis that otoliths record the water chemistry of seagrass habitats in Chesapeake Bay. In summer 2001, we sampled water and juvenile fish in seagrass beds of the bay. Weighted linear regressions showed that [Ba/Ca]otolith and [La/Ca]otolith were best predicted by salinity and were modeled as [Ba/Ca]otolith (µmol·mol–1) = –2.25 ± 0.35 × salinity + 59.47 ± 7.01) and [La/Ca]otolith (pmol·mol–1) = –8.71 ± 0.65 × salinity + 243.87 ± 12.52. [Ba/Ca]otolith increased with [Ba/Ca]water, but the relationship was nonlinear. Salinity did not influence [Mn/Ca]otolith, but this ratio was positively correlated with [Mn/Ca]water. Although the partition coefficient of Sr (DSr = 0.23 ± 0.019) was similar to that in laboratory experiments, [Sr/Ca] in waters and otoliths was decoupled despite equal temperature exposure, suggesting that [Sr/Ca]otolith concentration may not be a simple function of water composition. However, there was a predictive relationship between [δ18O]otolith and [Sr/Ca]water ([δ18O]otolith = 1.18 ± 0.09 × [Sr/Ca]water (mmol·mol–1) – 14.286 ± 0.78) resulting from mixing between fluvial and oceanic waters. Water chemistry showed mixed values as a proxy for otolith chemistry and may not be a surrogate for otolith chemistry in wide estuaries.
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Stauder, S. "Chemistry and treatment of ground water in the Vojvodina." Water Supply 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2007): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.071.

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Due to the geological and hydrochemical characteristics, the majority of the ground waters in the Vojvodina possess an unusual chemistry. Mainly this concerns their high alkalinity, low hardness and high contents in natural organic matter. Moreover the concentrations of arsenic, boron, ammonia and methane are elevated in many waters. Arsenic is present in the inorganic species arsenate(III) and arsenate(V), which are toxic to humans. Complex and expensive technology is required for these types of waters to produce drinking water for the public supply. Amongst others, the treatment process would have to include flocculation with high dosages of chemicals and for some waters also reverse osmosis, resulting in waste water amounts of up to 30%. The latter is critical since the exploited aquifer recharges very slowly. The Tisza River is an alternative resource, especially in the case that bank filtrate extraction could be implemented.
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Thurman, E. M. "Surface and colloid chemistry in natural waters and water treatment." Chemical Geology 95, no. 3-4 (February 1992): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90023-x.

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Millero, F. J. "The physical chemistry of natural waters." Pure and Applied Chemistry 57, no. 8 (January 1, 1985): 1015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac198557081015.

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Li, Xiaoyan, Alyssa R. Sanderson, Selett S. Allen, and Rebecca H. Lahr. "Tap water fingerprinting using a convolutional neural network built from images of the coffee-ring effect." Analyst 145, no. 4 (2020): 1511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01624d.

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Hoaghia, Maria-Alexandra, Ana Moldovan, Eniko Kovacs, Ionut Mirea, Marius Kenesz, Traian Brad, Oana Cadar, Valer Micle, Erika Levei, and Oana Moldovan. "Water Quality and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Some Karst Water Sources in Apuseni Mountains, Romania." Water 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060857.

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Human activities and natural factors determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwaters and their use as drinking water. This study assesses the hydrogeochemical characteristics of 14 karst water sources in the Apuseni Mountains (NW Romania) and their potential use as drinking water sources. As shown by the Durov and by the Piper diagrams, the chemical composition of the waters is typical of karst waters as it is dominated by HCO3− and Ca2+, having a circumneutral to alkaline pH and total dissolved solids ranging between 131 and 1092 mg L−1. The relation between the major ions revealed that dissolution is the main process contributing to the water chemistry. Limestone and dolostone are the main Ca and Mg sources, while halite is the main Na and Cl source. The Gibbs diagram confirmed the rock dominance of the water chemistry. The groundwater quality index (GWQI) showed that the waters are of excellent quality, except for two waters that displayed medium and good quality status. The quality of the studied karst waters is influenced by the geological characteristics, mainly by the water–rock interaction and, to a more limited extent, by anthropogenic activities. The investigated karst waters could be exploited as drinking water resources in the study area. The results of the present study highlight the importance of karst waters in the context of good-quality water shortage but also the vulnerability of this resource to anthropogenic influences.
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Piticchio, Serena G., Miriam Martínez-Cartró, Salvatore Scaffidi, Sergio Rodríguez-Arévalo, Andrea Bagán, Ainoa Sánchez-Arfelis, Carmen Escolano, Carles Galdeano, and Xavier Barril. "Hydrophobic Waters in Bromodomains." Proceedings 22, no. 1 (August 16, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019022080.

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Moiseenko, T. I., M. I. Dinu, N. A. Gashkina, and T. A. Kremleva. "Occurrence forms of metals in natural waters depending on water chemistry." Water Resources 40, no. 4 (July 2013): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s009780781304009x.

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Clair, Thomas A., Ian F. Dennis, Peter G. Amiro, and B. J. Cosby. "Past and future chemistry changes in acidified Nova Scotian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers: a dynamic modeling approach." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-196.

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations have been extirpated from a number of rivers in Nova Scotia, Canada, as a result of acid rain. We applied the model of acidification of groundwater in catchments (MAGIC) to 35 regional rivers to estimate pre-industrial water chemistry conditions and the potential future changes in water chemistry under three acid deposition scenarios for the region. Our model results indicate that water chemistry in the study streams remained relatively unchanged until the 1950s and reached their maximum effects on pH in the mid-1970s. The main effects of acid deposition have been a decrease in pH and an increase in base cations to surface waters, as the ion-exchange processes in soils release soil cations into surface waters. We forecast future water chemistry in the rivers using three deposition scenarios: no change in sulfate deposition from year 2000 and 10% and 20% sulfate reductions per decade. We show that the more rapid the reduction in acid deposition, the faster the recovery. We also show that although stream water acidity will recover within a few decades, in most streams, base cations will not recover to pre-industrial levels within the next 100 years.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemistry of waters"

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Hunt, Linda Elizabeth. "Dissolved arsenic in natural waters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240582.

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Zhang, Qi. "Chemistry of organic nitrogen in atmospheric waters and fine particles /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Majid, Amran A. "Analysis of selenium in environmental waters." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28139.

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14 MeV neutron activation analysis, based on the 82Se(n,2n) Se81m nuclear reaction, has been investigated for the measurement of selenium in environmental waters. The levels of the selenium present in environmental waters and the relatively high limit of detection achievable with fast neutron activation analysis resulted in the need to develop a concentration procedure for the extraction of selenium from large volumes of environmental water before neutron activation.
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Sampson, Jacqueline Marie. "The extent of phosporus redox chemistry in west central Florida waters." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4939.

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Phosphorus (P) has long been acknowledged as a vital nutrient for living organisms and is a key factor responsible for the fresh water eutrophication. Our understanding of the phosphorus cycle has been limited by: (1) the common assumption that all P in the environment occurs primarily as phosphates and (2) by the limited analytical methods available to identify P speciation. In an attempt to understand the distribution and chemistry of phosphorus within a freshwater system we must be able to identify individual P species. To this end, we used a coupled High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) - Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS) to determine concentrations of orthophosphate (+5), phosphite (+3) and hypophosphite (+1) in aqueous samples using methods modified from IC techniques developed by Ivey & Foster (2005) and Pech, et al. (2009) and Atlas et al. (in prep). The identification of different P species provides insight pertaining to contamination, bioavailability and sustainability within a freshwater system. Thirty-two individual water samples were collected from six different bodies of freshwater in the Tampa Bay area between the months of November 2012 to March 2013. The freshwater samples collected were from river and pond/swamp water locations. Two sampling sites were chosen at each location. At each site, one sample was collected from the water's surface and a second sample was collected from the sediment pore water. When depth was sufficient a third sample was obtained from the midpoint between the surface and sediment. Analytical results show that redox reactions of P occur in all freshwater samples collected as identified by HPLC-ICP-MS analysis. Our data show that the distribution and concentration of reduced P is controlled primarily by pH, and secondarily by water circulation, ORP and sediment type. Our results also imply biologic influence as a potential primary control of reduced P flux. Additional samples must be collected in order to quantify and differentiate the processes controlling P speciation. The ability to identify P speciation raises many questions concerning the validity of current methods used to measure P; other forms of reduced P may be present. Additional sample analysis will be necessary to determine how and if reduced forms of P affect the P cycle.
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Costa, Monica Ferreira da. "Mercury photochemistry in natural waters." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338305.

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Whttworth, David John. "Monitoring of trace metal behaviour in natural waters." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1732.

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An automated voltammetric dissolved trace metal monitor was developed and validated for in situ analysis of estuarine waters. The system was successfully applied to the determination of Ni concentrations during two studies in the Tamar Estuary. The automated system used Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (AdCSV) for trace metal analysis with a continuous flow sampling procedure and an on line LTV digestion system to ensure complete breakdown of interfering and metal complexing organic ligands. Its application to the measurement of total dissolved Ni in the Tamar Estuary showed a high measuring frequency of up to 6 fully calibrated samples per hour and trace metal concentrations ranged between Ni --10 nM to -50 nM with a salinity gradient of between -0 to -25. A procedure was developed to evaluate suspended particulate material (SPM) trace metal extraction efficiencies of using EDTA extraction solutions followed by analysis of metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The use of EDTA allowed the determination of the easily exchangeable particulate metal fraction using well defined constraints with respect to the competition between EDTA and the particles. Optimum particle extraction time was 72 hours, using 0.05 M EDTA concentration and extractant : particle ratio of 200:1, The extraction procedure was applied to the study of particulate Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn and Mg composition of SPM collected from the Scheldt Estuary. In addition, seasonal investigation of dissolved chemical speciation of Cu, Co, Ni and Zn in the Tamar estuary using AdCSV was undertaken. The results showed contrasting behaviour for these metals with a high seasonal variability of Zn and Co and a low seasonal variability for Cu and Ni. The low concentration of Zn and Co during summer months suggested that low river flow rates, low rainfall caused minimal sediment disturbance thereby reducing the contribution of Co and Zn enrich pore waters to the estuary. Furthermore, it was suggested that uptake of Zn and Cu by phytoplankton could have contributed to the lower concentrations of these elements during the summer survey. The electrochemically non labile fraction of dissolved Cu, Zn, Ni and Co exhibited highest values at high salinities and indicates the importance of organic complexation of these metals in the lower estuary. Furthermore, during the spring surveys elevated fractions of organically complexed Cu, Zn, and Ni were observed and it was suggested that seasonally enhanced levels of primary productivity could have lead to the complexation of these elements by algal exudates and break down products. 0.05 M EDTA extraction protocol was applied to the study of dissolved and particulate Zn, Cu, Co and Ni in the Scheldt estuary. Dissolved Co and Ni exhibited elevated concentrations in the upper estuary, which were related to anthropogenic discharges into the estuary. Its was possible to identify a relationship between particulate organic carbon and particulate Zn, Cu and Ni, which suggested that complexation of these elements by organic particulate material was an important factor in their dissolved/particulate partitioning. Results of dissolved Cu natural complexing ligand titration experiments showed similar behaviour for CUL and K^^^ for the Tamar and Scheldt estuaries with high values at low salinity decreasing to low values at high salinity. The Scheldt generally exhibited higher values for K^^,^ and CUL concentrations ( / ^CU^ -15.7; CUL -200 Cu neq 1"*; S = 1) than the Tamar estuary (/C^^^ 14.0; CUL -170 Cu neq 1"'; S = 0). It was suggested that anthropogenic inputs of nutrients in the Scheldt lead to enhanced levels of phytoplankton activity and complexation of Cu by algal exudates and break down products compared with the Tamar. Total dissolved Ni and Co was undertaken on samples collected from the Atlantic Ocean using detection by AdCSV. The results indicated that Ni and Co exhibited contrasting behaviour in the oceanic waters compared with estuarine waters. The distribution of Co showed low concentrations (mean Co -40 pM) in the Atlantic Ocean and elevated concentration associated with aeolian particulate inputs off the Northwest coast of Africa. In contrast, Ni was relatively homogeneously distributed over large parts of the Atlantic (2.4 ± 0.7 nM). However, both Ni and Co exhibited conservative behaviour during mixing between the Brazilian Current with the Ni and Co enriched Falklands Current indicating the importance of physical water transport on trace metal distribution in oceanic systems.
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Phillips, Noel William. "The environmental controls of iron(II) sulfides in natural waters." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310360.

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Pan, Gang. "Metastable-equilibrium adsorption theory and its applications to natural waters." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318082.

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Carpenter, Neil Geoffrey. "Electrochemical methods for nitrate, silicate and phosphate analysis in waters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242534.

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Gkenakou, Evgenia-Varvara. "The remediation of tributyltin-contaminated dredgings and waters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/67188/.

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Tributyltin (TBT) is a pollutant, mainly introduced to the environment as a marine anti-fouling agent. The aim of this work was to assess and develop sustainable and cost-effective remediation technologies for TBT-contaminated dredged materials. For this purpose, analytical methods were developed for sediments and sediment leachates. For the sediments, a triple extraction followed by derivatisation and measurement by gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection was employed, avoiding the lengthy concentration step of the organic layer. The TBT detection limit of ca 0.04 mg Sn/kg in sediment was below the suggested limit of 0.1 mg/kg for sea disposal of TBT-contaminated dredgings (OSPAR Commission). For the leachates, derivatisation and extraction into hexane was used. Also, a new procedure, with the potential for automation, was developed for the simultaneous analysis of multiple water samples, based on in situ extraction and derivatisation on C18 solid phase extraction cartridges. No legislative limits existed for TBT in leachates, therefore the detection limits of ca 6-10 ng Sn/L achieved were regarded satisfactory, as they were below or similar to the EQS for coastal and estuarine waters or freshwaters (2-20 ng/L TBT). A pilot investigation was carried out on a dockyard to evaluate the use of X-Ray fluorescence as a screening method for the presence of TBT in sediments. Due to tin contamination such a technique was not suitable for the site examined. Incineration was found to remove TBT but it would incur very high costs. Ultrasonic destruction was not effective enough, even on TBT-spiked water solutions. Carbon products, pure clays, organically modified clays, zero valent iron, fly ash and cements were screened for their abilities to prevent TBT leaching, using a leaching test. The best performer was a powdered activated carbon product which, even mixed with cement that increases the leaching of TBT, delivered a TBT-free (< 5 ng Sn/L) leaching test result 33 days after the mixing. The result showed that this technique could provide a solution for the immobilisation of TBT in contaminated dredgings by mixing this relatively low-cost, multi-purpose and inert additive, with or without cement according to the site specific requirements.
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Books on the topic "Chemistry of waters"

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Hellmann, Hubert. Analysis of surface waters. Chichester: E. Horwood, 1987.

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Ronald, Beckett, ed. Surface and colloid chemistry in natural waters and water treatment. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.

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Beckett, Ronald, ed. Surface and Colloid Chemistry in Natural Waters and Water Treatment. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2510-7.

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Drever, James I. The geochemistryof natural waters. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1988.

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Drever, James I. The geochemistry of natural waters. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1988.

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Brit, Salbu, and Steinnes Eiliv 1938-, eds. Trace elements in natural waters. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995.

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Chudaeva, V. A. Mineralʹnye vody Primorʹi︠a︡: Khimicheskiĭ aspekt. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka, 1999.

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Organic geochemistry of natural waters. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1985.

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The analysis of natural waters. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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Determination of anions in natural and treated waters. New York: Spon Press, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemistry of waters"

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Ortiz, I., R. Ibáñez, A. M. Urtiaga, and P. Gómez. "Reuse of Regenerated Waters Under Water Scarcity." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 107–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2009_23.

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Eschauzier, Christian, Pim de Voogt, Heinz-Jürgen Brauch, and Frank Thomas Lange. "Polyfluorinated Chemicals in European Surface Waters, Ground- and Drinking Waters." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 73–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21872-9_5.

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Wilander, Anders, Paul Andersson, Hans Borg, and Ola Broberg. "The effects of liming on water chemistry." In Liming of Acidified Surface Waters, 125–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79309-7_5.

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Bird, S. C., S. J. Brown, and E. Vaughan. "The influence of land management on stream water chemistry." In Acid Waters in Wales, 241–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1894-8_16.

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de la Torre, Laura, and Joan Albaigés. "Oil Pollution in Spanish Waters." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 13–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_103.

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Girin, Michel, and Pierre Daniel. "Oil Pollution in French Waters." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 51–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_4.

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Bahnemann, Detlef. "Photocatalytic Detoxification of Polluted Waters." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 285–351. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69044-3_11.

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Wehren, Bernhard, Rolf Weingartner, Bruno Schädler, and Daniel Viviroli. "General Characteristics of Alpine Waters." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 17–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88275-6_2.

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Blough, Neil V., and Richard G. Zepp. "Reactive Oxygen Species in Natural Waters." In Active Oxygen in Chemistry, 280–333. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0874-7_8.

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Vione, Davide. "Photochemical Reactions in Sunlit Surface Waters." In Lecture Notes in Chemistry, 343–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31671-0_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemistry of waters"

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Birzul', Aleksei Nikolaevich. "Study of Activated Waters Indication Methods in the Course of Subject «Water Chemistry»." In All-Russian scientific and practical conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-99164.

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The article discusses the current state of the issue about identifying changes in water as a result of various physical influences. The paper provides a classification of indication methods, analyzes their main advantages and disadvantages, discusses the most commonly used indicators, and assesses the prospects of their further usage for water quality control. The necessary information for lecturing and practical trainings on the water chemistry is given.
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Kaasa, Baard, and Terje Ostvold. "Alkalinity in Oil Field Waters. What Alkalinity is and How it is Measured." In International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/37277-ms.

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Mathews, Syriac George, Bhavani Raghuraman, Darrell W. Rosiere, Wei Wei, Santiago Colacelli, and Hafiz Atiq Rehman. "Laboratory Measurement of pH of Live Waters at High Temperatures and Pressures." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/121695-ms.

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Shen, Dong, David Shcolnik, William H. Steiner, Dennis G. Horstmann, Grahame Nigel Taylor, and Mike Brown. "Evaluation of Scale Inhibitors in Marcellus Waters Containing High Levels of Dissolved Iron." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/141145-ms.

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Enzien, Michael, Sadie Starustka, Michael Gurecki, Trinity Fincher-Miller, Bryce Kuhn, Carly Sowecke, Kody Jones, Kevin O'Sullivan, Kyle Norris, and Jason Stidham. "Metagenomics Microbial Characterization of Production and Process Fluids in the Powder River Basin: Identification and Sources of Problematic Microorganisms Associated with SWD Facilities." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204335-ms.

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Abstract Inconsistent bacterial control and monitoring led to variability in Salt Water Disposal (SWD) well performance and injectivity creating excess costs in biocide applications and remedial work. A metagenomics study using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was conducted to determine the source(s) of problematic microorganisms throughout the process life cycle: Freshwater&gt; Drilling&gt; Completion&gt; Flowback&gt; Produced water&gt; SWD. A total of 30 metagenomes were collected from the 6 process stages and identification and quantification of the major microbial taxa from each of these stages were identified. "Taxonomy to Function" associations were identified for all the major taxa found in the SWD fluids. WGS was performed on positive Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) and Acid Producing Bacteria (APB) media bottles inoculated in the field for a Flowback sample. Four of the six major taxa found in SWD samples are considered groups of microorganisms known to cause microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC): Clostridia, methanogens, SRB and Iron Reducing bacteria. Thermovirga and Thermotagae, were the two most abundant taxa found in SWD samples, both thermophilic halophilic fermenting bacteria. The Fe reducing bacteria Shewanella was only detected in Drilling and SWD fluids suggesting its source was Drilling fluids. Completion fluid metagenome profiles from two separate sites followed similar patterns. During middle of completions Proteobacteria phyla were dominant taxa represented mostly by Pseudomonas. Other abundant phyla were all characteristic of polymer degrading bacteria. None of these taxa were dominant populations identified in SWD waters. Fresh water only shared similar taxa with Drilling and Completion fluids. A few minor taxa from Drilling and Completion stages show up as significant taxa in SWD fluids. The majority of taxa found in SWD samples appear to originate from Flowback and Produced waters, although at lower abundances than found in SWD samples. It cannot be determined if the microorganisms found in Flowback and Produced waters were endemic to the formation or come from contaminated source waters, i.e. process equipment used to store and transport water sources. Petrotoga mobilis was the dominant population of bacteria that grew in both media bottles, 96% and 77% for SRB and APB, respectively, while Petrotoga was detected at 14% in the field sample. The most abundant bacteria detected in field sample were Clostridia (38%) while only 2.7% were detected in APB media. SRB media bottle had 0.18% SRB detected by WGS; APB media had 9% SRB population abundance. No SRB were detected in corresponding field sample or below detectable limits (BDL) for WGS methods (&lt;0.01%). WGS was forensically used to successfully identify type and source of problematic microorganism in SWD facilities. Results from media bottle and field sample comparisons stress the importance of developing improved field monitoring techniques that more accurately detect the dominant microorganisms.
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Cavallaro, A. N., M. E. Gracia Martinez, H. Ostera, H. Panarello, and R. R. Cordero. "Oilfield Reservoir Souring During Waterflooding: A Case Study with Low Sulphate Concentration in Formation and Injection Waters." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/92959-ms.

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Lupascu, Tudor, and Maria Sandu. "Valeriu Ropot scientist devoted to the study of mineral deposits and waters in the Republic of Moldova." In Ecological chemistry ensures a healthy environment. Institute of Chemistry, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/enece.2022.ab02.

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Wylde, Jonathan James, Adam Savin, Jamie Kerr, Audrey McLean, and Marion Duncan. "Determination of Multiple Scale Inhibitor Residuals in Single Produced Waters: A Case History From the North Sea Differentiating Four Chemistries." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/164079-ms.

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Ke, Linping, Josselyne Chano, Melissa Weston, Hong Sun, and Dong Shen. "Dry Cationic Friction Reducers: New Alternative for High TDS Slickwater." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204286-ms.

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Abstract Currently, well stimulation in North America has evolved almost entirely to slickwater fracturing with friction reducers (FRs). Some parts of North America are notorious for their poor water quality, so wells are commonly treated using high total dissolved solids (TDS)-containing flow-back or produced water. Cationic FRs are usually applied in these systems due to their tolerance to multivalent cations in such waters. Additionally, dry friction reducers have gained momentum for better economics and logistics. In this paper, a dry cationic FR is systematically studied with respect to its "on the fly" hydration capability, friction reduction, mechanical stability, compatibility with other anionic chemical additives, and thermal stability in different levels of TDS brines. The cationic FR solution was subjected to varying shearing rates to understand its hydration capability, friction reduction, and mechanical stability. Its compatibility with anionic additives, such as a scale inhibitor, was also tested in a laboratory friction loop. Thermal stability of the cationic FR solution was studied at 150°F using a viscometer and Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS) method to obtain molecular weight information. The charge characteristics of the cationic FR, indicative of self-degradation properties, with exposure to heat, were also studied. Potential formation damage of the FR solution was evaluated with core flow tests in the absence of oxidizing breakers. Friction reduction and hydration tests show that the FR performs well in high TDS waters, even at low temperature, reaching its peak performance rapidly. The cationic FR possesses high mechanical stability even after being exposed to high pumping rates in the friction loop. It is well known that cationic FRs are not compatible with polyanionic scale inhibitors; in this study, a compatible scale inhibitor, SI-1, is identified. Additionally, there has historically been hesitation to use such cationic materials due to concerns of formation compatibility with negatively charged source rocks or flocculation in water treatment plants. Thermal testing with cationic FRs reveals that the material degrades to anionic without the aid of any other additive, which is confirmed by the fact that addition of polycationic additive, C1, caused coacervation in the heat-treated sample. As a result, concerns over effects of rock wettability or incompatibility with water treatment additives can be alleviated. No anionic FRs undergo similar change of the ionic charge. Thermal testing with cationic FR solutions also shows a significant viscosity drop, surprisingly without pronounced molecular weight loss (via MALLS). However, core flow testing of cationic FR fluids shows good regained permeability, even without breakers, further confirming self-cleaning capability. The degradation mechanism of these FRs will be shown. The self-cleaning capability of the dry cationic FR, even at relatively low bottomhole temperature (BHT), in combination with its high salt-tolerance, makes it an excellent friction reducer for multiple applications, especially with low quality water.
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Wahyudi, A’an J., Hanny Meirinawati, Hanif B. Prayitno, Suratno, Dewi Surinati, and Udhi E. Hernawan. "The material origin of the particulate organic matter (POM) in the Eastern Indonesian waters." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5134611.

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Reports on the topic "Chemistry of waters"

1

Burton, G. A. Assessing aquatic ecosystems using pore waters and sediment chemistry. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306942.

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Janik, C. J., M. Nathenson, and M. A. Scholl. Chemistry of spring and well waters on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, and vicinity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/90401.

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Kidder, J. A., M. B. McClenaghan, M I Leybourne, M. W. McCurdy, P. Pelchat, D. Layton-Matthews, C. E. Beckett-Brown, and A. Voinot. Geochemical data for stream and groundwaters around the Casino Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit, Yukon (NTS 115 J/10 and 115 J/15). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328862.

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This open file reports geochemical data for stream and groundwater samples collected around the Casino porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, one of the largest and highest-grade deposits of its kind in Canada. The calc-alkaline porphyry is hosted in a Late Cretaceous quartz monzonite and associated breccias in the unglaciated region of west central Yukon. Water chemistry around the deposit was investigated because: (i) the deposit has not yet been disturbed by mining; (ii) the deposit was known to have metal-rich waters in local streams; and (iii) the deposit has atypically preserved ore zones. Stream water samples were collected at 22 sites and groundwater samples were collected from eight sites. Surface and groundwaters around the Casino deposit are anomalous with respect to Cd (up to 5.4 µg/L), Co (up to 64 µg/L), Cu (up to 1657 µg/L), Mo (up to 25 µg/L), As (up to 17 µg/L), Re (up to 0.7 µg/L), and Zn (up to 354 µg/L) concentrations. The stable isotopes of O and H of the groundwaters are essentially identical to the surface waters and plot close to the local and global meteoric water lines, indicating that the waters represent modern recharge, consistent with the generally low salinities of all the waters (total dissolved solids range from 98 to 1320 mg/L). Sulfur and Sr isotopes are consistent with proximal waters interacting with the Casino rocks and mineralization; a sulfide-rich bedrock sample from the deposit has delta-34S = -1.2 permille and proximal groundwaters are only slightly heavier (-0.3 to 3.1 permille). These geochemical and isotopic results indicate that surface water geochemistry is a suitable medium for mineral exploration for porphyry-style mineralization in the Yukon, and similar unglaciated regions in Canada. The atypical geochemical signature (Mo, Se, Re, As, Cu) of these types of deposits are typically reflected in the water chemistry and S isotopes provide a more local vectoring tool.
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Schutt, Timothy, and Manoj Shukla. Predicting the impact of aqueous ions on fate and transport of munition compounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41481.

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A model framework for natural water has been developed using computational chemistry techniques to elucidate the interactions between solvated munition compounds and eight common ions in naturally occurring water sources. The interaction energies, residence times, coordination statistics, and surface preferences of nine munition related compounds with each ion were evaluated. The propensity of these interactions to increase degradation of the munition compound was predicted using accelerated replica QM/MM simulations. The degradation prediction data qualitatively align with previous quantum mechanical studies. The results suggest that primary ions of interest for fate and transport modeling of munition compounds in natural waters may follow the relative importance of SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻ ≫ HCO₃⁻, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺.
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Husson, Scott M., Viatcheslav Freger, and Moshe Herzberg. Antimicrobial and fouling-resistant membranes for treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598151.bard.

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This research project introduced a novel membrane coating strategy to combat biofouling, which is a major problem for the membrane-based treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewaters. The novelty of the strategy is that the membrane coatings have the unique ability to switch reversibly between passive (antifouling) and active (antimicrobial) fouling control mechanisms. This dual-mode approach differs fundamentally from other coating strategies that rely solely on one mode of fouling control. The research project had two complementary objectives: (1) preparation, characterization, and testing of dual-mode polymer nanolayers on planar surfaces and (2) evaluation of these nanolayers as membrane modifiers. The first objective was designed to provide a fundamental understanding of how polymer nanolayer chemistry and structure affect bacterial deposition and to demonstrate the reversibility of chemical switching. The second objective, which focused on membrane development, characterization, and testing, was designed to demonstrate methods for the production of water treatment membranes that couple passive and active biofouling control mechanisms. Both objectives were attained through synergistic collaboration among the three research groups. Using planar silicon and glass surfaces, we demonstrated using infrared spectroscopy that this new polymer coating can switch reversibly between the anti-fouling, zwitterion mode and an anti-microbial, quaternary amine mode. We showed that switching could be done more than 50 times without loss of activity and that the kinetics for switching from a low fouling zwitterion surface to an antimicrobial quaternary amine surface is practical for use. While a low pH was required for switching in the original polymer, we illustrated that by slightly altering the chemistry, it is possible to adjust the pH at which the switching occurs. A method was developed for applying the new zwitterionic surface chemistry onto polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. Bacteria deposition studies showed that the new chemistry performed better than other common anti-fouling chemistries. Biofilm studies showed that PESultrafiltration membranes coated with the new chemistry accumulated half the biomass volume as unmodified membranes. Biofilm studies also showed that PES membranes coated with the new chemistry in the anti-microbial mode attained higher biofilm mortality than PES membranes coated with a common, non-switchablezwitterionic polymer. Results from our research are expected to improve membrane performance for the purification of wastewaters prior to use in irrigation. Since reduction in flux due to biofouling is one of the largest costs associated with membrane processes in water treatment, using dual-mode nanolayer coatings that switch between passive and active control of biofouling and enable detachment of attached biofoulants would have significant economic and societal impacts. Specifically, this research program developed and tested advanced ultrafiltration membranes for the treatment of wastewaters. Such membranes could find use in membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater, a slightly upgraded version of what presently is used in Israel for irrigation. They also may find use for pretreatment of agricultural wastewaters, e.g., rendering facility wastewater, prior to reverse osmosis for desalination. The need to desalinate such impaired waters water for unlimited agricultural use is likely in the near future.
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Desbarats, A. J., and J. B. Percival. Hydrogeochemistry of mine tailings from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit, Oka, Quebec, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331256.

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Environmental impacts associated with the mining of carbonatite deposits are an emerging concern due to the demand for critical metals. This study investigates the chemistry of tailings seepage at the former Saint Lawrence Columbium mine near Oka, Québec, Canada, which produced pyrochlore concentrate and ferroniobium from a carbonatite-hosted Nb-REE deposit. Its objectives are to characterize the mineralogy of the tailings and their pore water and effluent chemistries. Geochemical mass balance modeling, constrained by aqueous speciation modeling and mineralogy, is then used to identify reactions controlling the chemical evolution of pore water along its flow path through the tailings impoundment. The tailings are composed mainly of REE-enriched calcite (82 wt. %), biotite (12 wt. %) and fluorapatite (4 wt. %). Minor minerals include chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite, molybdenite and unrecovered pyrochlore. Secondary minerals include gypsum, barite and strontianite. Within the unsaturated zone, pore water chemistry is controlled by sulfide oxidation and calcite dissolution with acid neutralization. With increasing depth below the water table, pore water composition reflects gypsum dissolution followed by sulfate reduction and FeS precipitation driven by the oxidation of organic carbon in the tailings. Concomitantly, incongruent dissolution of biotite and chlorite releases K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ba and F, forming kaolinite and Ca-smectite. Cation exchange reactions further remove Ca from solution, increasing concentrations of Na and K. Fluoride concentrations reach 23 mg/L and 8 mg/L in tailings pore water and effluent, respectively. At a pH of 8.3, Mo is highly mobile and reaches an average concentration of 83 µg/L in tailings effluent. Although U also forms mobile complexes, concentrations do not exceed 16 µg/L due to the low solubility of its pyrochlore host. Adsorption and the low solubility of pyrochlore limit concentrations of Nb to less than 49 µg/L. Cerium, from calcite dissolution, is strongly adsorbed although it reaches concentrations (unfiltered) in excess of 1 mg/L and 100 µg/L in pore water and effluent, respectively. Mine tailings from carbonatite deposits are enriched in a variety of incompatible elements with mineral hosts of varying reactivity. Some of these elements, such as F and Mo, may represent contaminants of concern because of their mobility in alkaline tailings waters.
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Bunce, Lauren, Tim Lowenstein, and Elliot Jagniecki. Spring, River, and Lake Water Analyses from the Great Salt Lake Basin, Northern Utah. Utah Geological Survey, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-745.

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The accompanying database is a compilation of major and minor ion chemistry data from spring, river, and lake water samples collected in and around Great Salt Lake (GSL), northern Utah. The purpose of this database is to provide an updated analysis of previously sampled spring, river, and lake water chemistries by Kirby and others (2019) (https://doi.org/10.34191/ofr-699) and to add additional locations and water chemistry of unsampled springs in the area around GSL to better understand solute load and groundwater contribution.
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Reid, M. S., X. Wang, N. Utting, and C. Jiang. Comparison of water chemistry of hydraulic-fracturing flowback water from two geological locations at the Duvernay Formation, Alberta, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329276.

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We analyzed and compared the water chemistry between 17 Fox Creek region samples, each from a different well, and 23 Three Hills region samples from a single well. Overall, the two regions were similar in chemical composition but showed small differences in some lower abundance dissolved elements. Additionally, we investigated changes in water chemistry of FPW over time from a single well. The majority of water quality parameters and water chemistry remained constant over the 7-month sampling time. Major ion chemistry showed increasing concentrations of Ca and Mg, and a decreasing concentration of SO4. Several trace elements also showed small trends of both increasing and decreasing concentrations over time. There was a strong correlation between Ca and Mg concentrations in both the Fox Creek region samples and Three Hills region samples, which is an indication of the mixing of formation water. However, the correlation between B and Sr was different among two region samples, which is likely due to the delayed mixing of formation water with the fracturing fluids during the flowback at different time periods of post fracturing. Likewise, Fox Creek region samples showed correlations between concentrations of Cl and Ca, Na and Ca, and Na and Mg, but these correlations were not seen in the Three Hills region samples. Geochemical modeling demonstrates that there are potential scales formed in the flowback water, but most of the minerals are still in the dissolution state in the formation. Stable isotopic analysis confirmed the mixing of injection water and the formation water.
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Gorman, J. Survey of PWR water chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6521344.

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Schlosser, Joseph Simon. Introduction to Water Chemistry Part Three. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1373521.

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