Academic literature on the topic 'CHEMIOTERAPIA E MICROBIOLOGIA'

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Journal articles on the topic "CHEMIOTERAPIA E MICROBIOLOGIA"

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Getinger-Panek, Agnieszka, and Ilona Bednarek. "Grzyby Endofityczne w Roli Potencjalnych Producentów Związków Przeciwnowotworowych." Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/am-2022-0006.

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Streszczenie Główną rolę w chemioterapii raka od ponad 50 lat, stanowią leki pochodzące w większości ze źródeł naturalnych. Przeciwko licznym dolegliwościom od stuleci rośliny służyły jako źródło związków bioaktywnych. Jednak to nie same rośliny, a mikroorganizmy z nimi związane oferują materiał i produkty o wysokim potencjale terapeutycznym. Endofity to organizmy, które kolonizują wewnętrzne tkanki roślin bez wywoływania objawów chorobowych. Stanowią endosymbiotyczną grupę drobnoustrojów, będących źródłem nowatorskich produktów naturalnych do wykorzystania we współczesnym przemyśle, rolnictwie oraz medycynie wykazując potencjalne właś ciwości terapeutyczne, w tym przeciwnowotworowe oraz przeciwdrobnoustrojowe, a także przeciwzapalne i antyoksydacyjne. Grzyby endofityczne stanowią bogate źródło bioaktywnych metabolitów, którymi można manipulować w celu uzyskania pożądanych, nowych analogów wykorzystywanych w chemioterapii, w tym: taksol, kamptotecyna, podofilotoksyna, winblastyna, winkrystyna, cytochalazyny i szereg innych. W tym przeglądzie podano przykłady produkcji związków przeciwnowotworowych przez grzyby endofityczne opublikowane od 2015 roku.
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Getinger-Panek, Agnieszka, and Ilona Bednarek. "GRZYBY ENDOFITYCZNE W ROLI POTENCJALNYCH PRODUCENTÓW ZWIĄZKÓW PRZECIWNOWOTWOROWYCH." Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology, June 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/am-2022.0006.

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Streszczenie Główną rolę w chemioterapii raka od ponad 50 lat, stanowią leki pochodzące w większości ze źródeł naturalnych. Przeciwko licznym dolegliwościom od stuleci rośliny służyły jako źródło związków bioaktywnych. Jednak to nie same rośliny, a mikroorganizmy z nimi związane oferują materiał i produkty o wysokim potencjale terapeutycznym. Endofity to organizmy, które kolonizują wewnętrzne tkanki roślin bez wywoływania objawów chorobowych. Stanowią endosymbiotyczną grupę drobnoustrojów, będących źródłem nowatorskich produktów naturalnych do wykorzystania we współczesnym przemyśle, rolnictwie oraz medycynie wykazując potencjalne właś ciwości terapeutyczne, w tym przeciwnowotworowe oraz przeciwdrobnoustrojowe, a także przeciwzapalne i antyoksydacyjne. Grzyby endofityczne stanowią bogate źródło bioaktywnych metabolitów, którymi można manipulować w celu uzyskania pożądanych, nowych analogów wykorzystywanych w chemioterapii, w tym: taksol, kamptotecyna, podofilotoksyna, winblastyna, winkrystyna, cytochalazyny i szereg innych. W tym przeglądzie podano przykłady produkcji związków przeciwnowotworowych przez grzyby endofityczne opublikowane od 2015 roku.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CHEMIOTERAPIA E MICROBIOLOGIA"

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GOMBAC, FRANCESCA. "RUOLO DEGLI INTEGRONI NELLA TRASMISSIONE DI ANTIBIOTICO- RESISTENZE IN ACINETOBACTER." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2003. http://thesis2.sba.units.it/store/handle/item/12662.

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GIONECHETTI, FABRIZIA. "L' ANTIBIOTICO RESISTENZA NELL' AMBIENTE MONITORAGGIO IN BATTERI ISOLATI DA AVIFAUNA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2003. http://thesis2.sba.units.it/store/handle/item/12664.

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2001/2002
Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is mainly due to the presence of resistance genes and to the selective pressure exerted by antibiotic use. Resistance can result from spontaneous mutations or acquisition of genes coding for a resistance mechanism. Antibacterial agents are used in agricultural techniques, in human and animai therapy and prevention of bacteria infections, and are added continuously to animai feeds to promote growth. As a result of exposure to antibiotics, the level of antibiotic resistance of bacteria belonging to the normal intestina! flora of human and animals increases. These bacteria not only constitute an enormous reservoir of resistance genes for potentially pathogenic bacteria, but also their level of resistance is considered to be a good indicator for the selection pressure exerted by antibiotic use in that population and for the resistance problems to be expected in pathogens. Indeed, reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in humans and in animals can interact in different ways: food and water are the most probable vectors of trasmission to the intestina! flora. Population of gulls (Larus cachinnans michahellis) has increased in North-East of Italy during the past decade. This increase has been attribuited to the ability of gulls to adapt to urban areas, in fact they are able to nest on roofs and feed of urban waste. Gulls ability to over fly large areas suggests that their feces may have a potential role in bacterial dissemination and more underhand antibiotic resistance in urban and rural environment. Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between different species of bacteria c an be facilitated by mobile DNA elements, such as transposons and plasmids. Integrons have been identified on these mobile elements, and they often contain one or more genes that encode antibiotic resistance. Nine classes of integrases have been described, but class l is prevalent in Enterobacteriaceae. In this work l 02 cloacal swabs of Larus cachinnans michahellis were collected in natural reserve during spring in 2000 and 200 l. 214 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and identified as Proteus sp.(n = 89), E.coli (n = 84), Klebsiella sp.(n. = 18), Sa/monella sp. (n = 17) and Citrobacter sp. (n = 6). Also 162 Gram-positive bacteria strains were identified as Enterococcusfaecalis (n= 101) and Staphylococcus sp. (n= 61). Isolated avian strains were tested for susceptibility to a battery of antibiotics representing various classes of them. Gram-positive isolates showed low levels of resistance, but Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to a lot of antibiotics, especially to ampicillin (Sa/monella sp., E. coli and Proteus sp.), to tetracycline (Sa/monella sp., andE. coli), to streptomycin (Proteus sp., E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Sa/monella sp.), to nalidixic acid (Proteus sp. andE. coli). The high resistance levels found in Gram-negative strains are very important if we consider the natural habitat of monitorated avifauna, and we could explain this fact as a result of the spread of environmental antibiotic contaminants with their consequent selection pressure and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes by horizontal transfer. Gram-negative avian strains were also screened for class l integrase using a specific probes which hybridizes to conserved regions of integron encoded gene intll. 25 of the 214 isolates were positive and showed to have class l integrons. Their sizes were detected by PCR with specific primers 5'CS-3'CS, flanking variable region of integron. Integrons ranged from 500 hp to 4800 bp. The incidence of class l integrons was correlated with multiple-drug resistances exhibited by avian Enterobacteriaceae to streptomycin, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazolo, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The prevalent size ofintegrons was 1000 hp, 1600 hp and 1700 hp. Also 80 human clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains were screened for the integron presence, 16 strains showed to carry integrons ranged from 1000 pb to 2000 pb.The molecular characterization of integrons from avian and human strains, using different restriction endonucleases like Alul, Cfol, Mspl and Rsal, revealed the same types of integrons: 1000 pb integron, with the same restriction pattem, was found in 2 E. coli from Larus, in l E. coli and 5 Proteus sp. from human. An identica! 1600 pb integron was found in 6 avian strains (3 E. coli, l Klebsiella sp. and 2 Proteus sp.) and 3 Proteus sp. from human; 1700 pb integron was found in 2 E. coli from Larus and 4 E. coli from human. PFGE analysis ofthe strains from animals and humans carring the same types of integrons revelead different pattems. The presence of identica! integrons in different isolates from animals and humans implies horizontal transfer of the complete integron arrangement. 1000, 1600 and 1700 pb integrons were further characterized by sequencing. In integrons of l 000 pb sequence analysis identified a single aadA l gene cassette, integrons of 1600 pb contained dhfrl and aadA genes; integrons of 1700 pb contained d.frl7 and aadA5 genes. aadA, aadA l and aadA5 gene cassettes encoding an Aminoglicoside adenyltransferase and conferring resistance to streptomycin an d spectinomycin, dhfr an d dfr 17 gene cassettes encoding a dihydrofolate reductase and conferring resistance to trimethoprim
XV Ciclo
1967
Versione digitalizzata della tesi di dottorato cartacea.
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Cvorovic, Jovana. "The role of anthocyanidins in the treatment of colorectal cancer." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3041.

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2007/2008
Colorectal cancer is among four most common malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer death in the western world. Although the standard treatment regimens have improved the prognosis, resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy is still a common problem in these patients and a major obstacle to effective treatment of disseminated neoplasms. The subject of this study was to evaluate a possible role of anthocyanidins, natural products belonging to the group of flavonoids, in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Primary (CACO-2) and metastatic human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LoVo and LoVo ADR) were used to test different aspects of their pharmacological effect, such as their ability to affect cancer cell growth and to modulate the cytotoxicity of certain well established anticancer drugs. Their proapototic properties, as well as their capacity to induce changes in the cellular redox status and modulate drug transport mechanisms were also explored. The anthocyanidins used in this study, delphinidin and cyanidin, demonstrated strong cytotoxic effect in metastatic human colorectal cancer cell lines, LoVo and LoVo ADR, and were able to modulate the cytotoxicity of camptothecin, drug used in most colorectal cancer treatment regimes. Although well known for their antioxidant properties and lower toxicity in normal cells, delphinidin and cyanidin showed strong prooxidant activity in the metastatic colon carcinoma cell lines. We show that anthocyanidins inactivate the glutathione antioxidant system thus promoting oxidative stress in these cells, which might be responsible for their proapoptotic activity. Moreover, when applied at low, non-cytotoxic concentrations over a long period of time, they also affect anticancer drug transport across cell membranes by modulating expression of certain transport proteins (ABC transporters). These results suggest that anthocyanidins can be good candidates for improving colorectal cancer therapy and warrant new investigation on their activity.
XXI Ciclo
1976
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Maestro, Alessandra. "Trasporto di flavonoidi in cellule endoteliali: ruolo della bilitranslocasi e delle proteine ABC." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2569.

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2006/2007
I flavonoidi sono metaboliti secondari presenti in numerose piante commestibili che rappresentano una parte integrante dell’alimentazione umana. Numerosi studi epidemiologici hanno dimostrato che una dieta ricca di flavonoidi può avere un ruolo rilevante nella prevenzione di diverse patologie, come alcune neoplasie e le malattie cardiovascolari. L’endotelio vascolare svolge un ruolo fondamentale nel mantenimento dell’omeostasi vascolare e alterazioni a questo livello, in particolare se croniche, possono causare l’avvio di lesioni arteriosclerotiche. I flavonoidi esplicano le loro azioni a livello dell’endotelio vascolare attraverso meccanismi diversi, che vanno dalle loro attività anti-infiammatorie, alla loro capacità di modulare la sintesi e l’espressione di proteine e di secondi messaggeri coinvolti in numerose reazioni cellulari. Le proprietà biologiche di questi composti naturali sono state oggetto di numerosi studi, ma ancora oggi il meccanismo che spiega l’entrata di queste sostanze all’interno delle cellule, ed in particolare, nelle cellule endoteliali, rimane poco conosciuto. La maggior parte dei flavonoidi è presente negli alimenti in forma glicosilata, altamente idrofilica, pertanto non in grado di attraversare le membrane biologiche se non attraverso specifici trasportatori di membrana. In particolare, tra le proteine di membrana coinvolte nel trasporto di questi composti, sembra ricoprire un ruolo importante la bilitranslocasi (TC 2.A.65.1.1), un trasportatore di anioni organici situato al polo sinusoidale della cellula epatica e presente anche nella mucosa gastrica, che ha dimostrato di mediare il trasporto della quercetina, un flavonolo, e di alcuni antociani, una classe di flavonoidi contenuta soprattutto nel vino e nella frutta rossa. Anche alcuni componenti della superfamiglia delle proteine ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette), come le proteine P-glicoproteina (ABCB1), MRP1 (Multi-Drug Resistance related Protein 1) (ABCC1), MRP2 (Multi-Drug Resistance related Protein 2) (ABCC2) e BCRP (Breast Cancer Resistance related Protein) (ABCG2), hanno dimostrato di interagire con numerosi flavonoidi. Queste proteine agiscono da pompe di membrana e, attraverso un meccanismo energia –dipendente, legato all’idrolisi dell’ATP, permettono l’estrusione dei loro substrati dall’interno verso l’esterno delle cellule. I trasportatori in entrata ed in uscita possono, quindi, avere un ruolo importante nel regolare le concentrazioni intracellulari dei flavonoidi, necessarie per le loro azioni biologiche. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è stato analizzare tre modelli di cellule endoteliali nei quali sono stati studiati l’espressione della bilitranslocasi e delle proteine ABC ed il loro possibile ruolo nel trasporto di flavonoidi. Sono state utilizzate cellule endoteliali primarie di aorta umana e la linea cellulare endoteliale umana Ea.hy 926, che deriva dalla fusione di cellule endoteliali HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) con la linea cellulare di carcinoma polmonare A549. I dati di queste cellule sono stati confrontati con quelli ottenuti in cellule endoteliali primarie di aorta di ratto, espiantate mediante un metodo messo a punto nei nostri laboratori. Sono state condotte analisi di immunocitochimica, di Western blot e di valutazione dell’espressione dell’RNA messaggero mediante tecnica RT-PCR, per studiare l’espressione delle proteine di membrana nei tre diversi modelli cellulari. Infine, è stato messo a punto un saggio di uptake della quercetina per studiare il trasporto dei flavonoidi nei queste cellule. I risultati ottenuti mediante le tecniche immunochimiche hanno evidenziato l’espressione della bilitranslocasi in tutti e tre i tipi di cellule endoteliali. Tra i trasportatori ABC, le proteine MRP1, MRP2 e BCRP sono state tutte identificate in queste cellule, mentre la P-glicoproteina è risultata meno espressa in tutti e tre i modelli cellulari. Il saggio di trasporto messo a punto in queste cellule ha permesso di dimostrare che la quercetina entra nell’endotelio vascolare mediante la bilitranslocasi, come trasportatore in entrata, e viene estrusa dalle proteine ABC nelle cellule endoteliali. Il saggio, inoltre, ha permesso di studiare il trasporto anche di altri polifenoli, contenuti nella dieta, come la malvidina 3-glucoside, un antociano presente soprattutto nel vino rosso, e dell’acido caftarico, che si trova principalmente nel vino bianco. I risultati ottenuti hanno messo in luce un ruolo della bilitransloacasi nel trasporto anche di questi composti.
1979
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Zanette, Caterina. "Caratterizzazione dei meccanismi neuroprotettivi della guanosina e dei ligandi dei recettori sigma." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3044.

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2007/2008
Rispetto al ruolo svolto da nucleosidi e nucleotidi adeninici come neurotrasmettitori/neuromodulatori, quello delle purine a base guaninica è ancora largamente sconosciuto. In questo studio, è stato valutato l’effetto della guanosina sulle cellule SH-SY5Y, derivate da un neuroblastoma umano. In questa linea cellulare, la guanosina aumenta la proliferazione di cellule sottoposte a stress da deprivazione da siero per 24, 48 e 72h (MTT test), effetto che sembra coinvolgere la via delle MAPK e quella di PI3K, ma non quella dell’AMP ciclico (AMPc). Utilizzando [3H]Adenosina e [3H]Guanosina è stato dimostrato che entrambe le purine subiscono uptake con una cinetica sovrapponibile ma con affinità 100 volte minore per la guanosina rispetto all’adenosina. L’uptake è dovuto principalmente a trasportatori equilibrativi NBTI-sensibili, mentre risultano assenti i trasportatori concentrativi. Mediante esperimenti di binding su membrane di cellule SH-SY5Y è stata confermata la presenza di siti per [3H]NBTI saturabili e reversibili; esperimenti di competizione hanno confermato la capacità di guanosina e adenosina di spiazzare [3H]NBTI dai suoi siti di legame con IC50 pari a 1568 ± 243 µM e 191 ± 59 µM, rispettivamente. Su cellule mantenute al 10% di siero, la guanosina provoca variazioni morfologiche quali allungamento dei neuriti tempo- e concentrazione-dipendente, indice di differenziazione. L’effetto è visibile già dopo 24 h di trattamento e dopo 72 h è risultato paragonabile a quello dell’acido retinoico. L’effetto differenziante della guanosina è risultato indipendente dal blocco dei trasportatori NBTI-sensibili e dall’attivazione dei recettori A1 e A2A dell’adenosina. Studi di tempo-dipendenza fino a 7 giorni di trattamento sono stati effettuati mediante colorazione del citoscheletro con Falloidina. Studi di immunocitochimica hanno evidenziato la capacità della guanosina di aumentare in maniera tempo-dipendente l’espressione dei markers neuronali beta-tubulina, MAP2 e NeuN. Tramite test della sulforodamina B è stata verificata la capacità della guanosina di ridurre in maniera tempo- e concentrazione-dipendente la proliferazione cellulare, come conseguenza dell’effetto differenziante. Dopo 7 giorni di trattamento, acido retinoico, guanosina e il suo derivato guanina hanno determinato una riduzione della proliferazione con valori di IC50 pari a 37 ± 4 µM, 172 ± 113 µM e 190 ± 17 µM, rispettivamente. Non essendoci in letteratura dati riguardanti la presenza dell’enzima PNP su cellule di neuroblastoma, ne è stata accertata l’espressione nella linea cellulare SH-SY5Y tramite RT-PCR. Per quanto riguarda le vie di trasduzione del segnale attivate nell’effetto neuritogenico indotto da guanosina, prove dirette e indirette dimostrano il coinvolgimento della via di MAPK e PI3K, ma non del AMPc. Inoltre, la guanosina non determina variazioni dei livelli di [Ca+2]i. In cellule differenziate per 48h con guanosina o acido retinoico si è osservato un aumento significativo dei livelli basali di AMPc, rispetto alle cellule non differenziate, e un potenziamento dell’attività dell’inibitore delle fosfodiesterasi di tipo IV rolipram da parte della guanosina 100 µM. In conclusione, questi risultati dimostrano che la guanosina gioca un ruolo importante nell’omeostasi neuronale, agendo come un composto endogeno neuroprotettivo e differenziante. In collaborazione con il Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica dell’Ateneo e dell’Università degli Studi di Pavia è stato fatto uno screening mediante la tecnica del Radioligand Binding di circa 100 composti di neosintesi con possibile affinità verso i recettori sigma-1 e sigma-2, classe di recettori coinvolta nella neuroprotezione. Per valutare l’efficacia dei ligandi dei recettori sigma-1, in termini di agonismo o antagonismo, sono stati effettuati due test in vitro. Il primo sfrutta la capacità della fenitoina di spostare verso sinistra la curva di competizione di agonisti mentre non ha alcun effetto sugli antagonisti. I risultati ottenuti non sono stati incoraggianti a causa della scarsa sensibilità del metodo. Il secondo test sfrutta la capacità di agonisti dei recettori sigma-1 di differenziare le cellule SH-SY5Y nelle quali abbiamo verificato la presenza di entrambi i sottotipi recettoriali ottenendo valori di Kd pari a 19,8 ± 5 nM e 17,9 ± 3 nM per [3H]PTZ e [3H]DTG, rispettivamente. L’agonista pentazocina è risultato l’unico composto di riferimento in grado di indurre differenziazione mentre gli antagonisti aloperidolo e DTG sono risultati inefficaci. Con il test della Sulforodamina B, sempre sfruttando la diminuzione della proliferazione come conseguenza di un’attività differenziante, abbiamo confermato che solo la pentazocina è in grado di ridurre in maniera tempo- e concentrazione- dipendente la proliferazione cellulare con un valore di IC50 a 72 h pari a 44 ± 4 µM. Estendendo lo studio ad alcuni dei ligandi di neosintesi, quello maggiormente affine e selettivo, LEk (IC50s1 0,104 ± 0,034 nM; IC50s2 492 ± 102 nM), è risultato in grado di mimare l’effetto della pentazocina sulla proliferazione e differenziazione cellulare. Questo suggerisce un suo possibile e prezioso impiego come agonista altamente selettivo e ad alta affinità per lo studio dei recettori sigma-1 e dei potenziali impieghi terapeutici ad essi correlati.
XXI Ciclo
1979
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TUVERI, ROSSANA. "Identification & characterization of natural and synthetic compounds as new anticancer agents." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266770.

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This thesis collects the work I have done during the three-year PhD Course. During my first year I have started a path that has allowed me to acquire different techniques devoted to set up and maintain primary cell cultures and cancer derived cell lines as well as to evaluate the cytotoxicity of potential novel synthetic inhibitors of human cancer cells. Part of the second and all the third year was spent at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, in the laboratory of prof. Ariel Katz under the supervision of proff. Roger Hunter and Catherine H. Kaschula investigating the anticancer activity of Z-ajoene, a garlic compound. Overall, the main aim of all the my research project was to identify and characterize natural or synthetic compounds as new antineoplastic agents. The results obtained are divided according to the research topics addressed: Anticancer activity of new Phenanthroline compounds (Part I); The garlic compound Z-ajoene as anticancer agents (Part II). Studies referring to the Part have been carried out at the University of Cagliari and were focalized on the evaluation of new Cu(II) -phenanthroline complexes as a potent antineoplastic agents against various solid and suspension tumours. The [Cu(1,10-phenanthrolin -5,6-diol)2(OH2)](ClO4)2 complex appears to be the most potent compound against human leukemia, prostate and lung cancer cell lines. The results obtained on the biological activity of this class of compounds, providing valuable information for the design of new anticancer drugs, have been published in the Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry (2014). As for the Part II of my research, I focused on the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumoral activity of garlic compound Z-ajoene on human triple –negative breast cancer cells. The results indicate that Z-ajoene localizes in the ER of MDA-MB-231 cells where it activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress. These findings have been published in the Molecular Carcinogenesis journal (2015) Moreover, immunofluorescence studies support the concept that the Z-ajoene main target is a ER-resident chaperon protein (PDI), whose functional alteration may well be the cause of the cytotoxic effect. Another molecular target of Z-ajoene is the cytoskeleton protein Vimentin. Z-ajoene interacts with Vimentin through a S–thiolation causing the disruption of Vimentin filaments and therefore an alteration of the cell morphology. Given that Vimentin is known to participate to the early stage of the metastatic process, I also investigated the potential effect of Z-ajoene at non-cytotoxic concentrations in a specific cell assay and found that it effectively inhibits cell migration, both in the absence and presence of a chemotactic agent. The metastatic inhibition induced by Z-ajoene seems caused by modification of several signaling pathways as expression of Axl and Src proteins, and phosphorylation of β–catenin were changed. Although following inhibition of cell migration, a reduction of Vimentin expression was to be expected, Z-ajoene treatment surprisingly induced an upregulation of Vimentin. We interpreted this result as a consequence of Z-ajoene binding to Vimentin which unable this protein to perform its physiologic functions (manuscripts in preparation). Altogether, the data of my in vitro study indicate that Z-ajoene is a promising chemotherapeutic agent simultaneously acting on different molecular targets, also able to affect the metastatic process in cells derived from highly invasive breast tumors. Due to its potential use in the clinic, preclinical evaluation in xenograft mouse models of cancer are ongoing.
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PINNA, ELISABETTA. "Studies on the synergic activity of a three-drug cocktail active against cisplatin-resistant human leukemia and carcinoma cells." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266701.

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Objectives. At the light of properties and limits of cisplatin (CDDP) as an anticancer agent, and in view of the potential clinical relevance of the synergic effect of CDDP with the Cu(II)-phen complexes previously reported against T-leukemia cells (Pivetta et al.,Talanta, 2013), my research project was aimed at (1) extending the studies of CDDP-Cu(II)-phen combinations as such, as well as with the addition of a third drug component; (2) determining the potential degree of selectivity of the most synergic drug combinations. Methods. Most studies were focused on the most potent Cu(II)Phen compound (C0), lead of the cupper-phen complex series. Wild type and CDDP-resistant human T-leukemia CEM cells, wild type and CDDP-resistant human ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells, and ex vivo cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors, were used as cell models to characterize the cytotoxic activity of both binary and ternary drug combinations. Experimental Design (ED) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were used for setting experiments and for evaluation of data. Results. Binary and ternary drug combinations showed statistically significant synergisms either against the CDDP-sensitive and the CDDP-resistant cancer cell models. The three-drug cocktail was the most potent with a markedly higher cytotoxicity against leukemic lymphocytes than against ex vivo healthy proliferating lymphocytes. An ESI-MS study of CDDP-C0 mixed combination showed the formation of copper-platinum adducts which, leading to the release of a phenantroline moiety, may -at least in part- explain the synergism observed in the cell models. In addition, the analysis of phospholipid profiles showed lipid alterations in the CDDP-resistant CEM and A2780 cells with respect to their parental counterparts. Conclusions. Besides of the need of further studies to unveil the molecular target(s) of the triple-drug cocktail, based on the promising selectivity index (SI = 5) for cancer cells, investigations on its effectiveness in a xenograft mice models of human susceptible and CDDP-resistant ovarian carcinoma are on the way.
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