Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chemins temporels'
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Rannou, Léo. "Temporal Connectivity and Path Computation for Stream Graph." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS418.
Full textFor a long time, structured data and temporal data have been analysed separately. Many real world complex networks have a temporal dimension, such as contacts between individuals or financial transactions. Graph theory provides a wide set of tools to model and analyze static connections between entities. Unfortunately, this approach does not take into account the temporal nature of interactions. Stream graph theory is a formalism to model highly dynamic networks in which nodes and/or links arrive and/or leave over time. The number of applications of stream graph theory has risen rapidly, along with the number of theoretical concepts and algorithms to compute them. Several theoretical concepts such as connected components and temporal paths in stream graphs were defined recently, but no algorithm was provided to compute them. Moreover, the algorithmic complexities of these problems are unknown, as well as the insight they may shed on real-world stream graphs of interest. In this thesis, we present several solutions to compute notions of connectivity and path concepts in stream graphs. We also present alternative representations - data structures designed to facilitate specific computations - of stream graphs. We provide implementations and experimentally compare our methods in a wide range of practical cases. We show that these concepts indeed give much insight on features of large-scale datasets. Straph, a python library, was developed in order to have a reliable library for manipulating, analysing and visualising stream graphs, to design algorithms and models, and to rapidly evaluate them
Labousse, Matthieu. "Etude d'une dynamique à mémoire de chemin : une expérimentation théorique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066425/document.
Full textWaves and particles are distinct objects at a macroscopic scale. The existence of walkers, drops bouncing on a vertically vibrated fluid bath is a surprising case of dual objects at our scale. The drop is self-propelled, piloted by the standing surface waves generated by its previous rebounds. These objects exhibit a rich dynamics relying on the concept of path memory. Indeed, the wave field results from the position of the past impacts left all along the walker trajectory. The memory is tunable at will by simply changing the vertical acceleration of the bath. A series of experiments have revealed the surprising dynamical behaviors of this dual drop-wave entity. In this PhD, we give a theoretical understanding of the temporal non local structure of walkers. We explore the dynamics of numerical walkers in a two-dimensional harmonic potential. We observe that the system only reaches a relatively limited set of stable attractors, quantized in both extension and mean angular momentum, in excellent agreement with the experimental results. We investigate how the different time scales are intertwined, which decouples the short-time acting propulsion from the build-up of coherent wave structures at much longer time scales. We analyze the non-local mechanism revealing the internal symmetries of the walker which drives the convergence of the dynamics to a set of low-dimensional eigenstates
Dähmlow, Patricia [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Stannarius. "Spatio-temporal pattern formation in microemulsions under different physical and chemical conditions / Patricia Dähmlow. Betreuer: Ralf Stannarius." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1098307011/34.
Full textMouhoub, Malek. "Contribution à l'étude des techniques de propagation de contraintes symboliques et numériques pour le raisonnement temporel." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0320_MOUHOUB.pdf.
Full textGhanem, Abdelmotaal Marwan Tarek. "Les centralités temporelles : étude de l'importance des noeuds dans les réseaux dynamiques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS086/document.
Full textNowadays, interactions are a huge part of our daily life. These interactions can represent the diffusion of rumors, diseases, etc. Understanding how these interactions affect our life is quite important. A natural way to do so is using graph theory. However, this is not straightforward as studies show the temporal aspect, in other words, the order of interactions, should be taken into account. In this work, we concentrated on detecting the important individuals in these graphs using centrality metrics that take into account the temporal aspect. We proposed a comparison protocol that compares the different centrality metrics that exist. We applied it on several networks, which gave us insight on how the different metrics react. Secondly, we observed the high computational need of these centrality metrics. Therefore, we introduced a method to reduce this need. And finally, we introduced a novel centrality metric that we call ego-betweenness centrality
Saint-Marc, Cécile. "Formalisation et géovisualisation d'événements historiques issus de risques naturels pour la compréhension des dynamiques spatiales : application aux inondations ayant touché le système ferroviaire français." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS024/document.
Full textThis research was led in an industrial partnership with SNCF Réseau. In the field of geovisualization of spatio-temporal information, it focuses on developing cartographical visualization methods adapted to the analysis of the impacts of floods on the railway system.Historical events are of great help to understand and manage natural risks. Cartography became a key tool to analyze risks in their territorial contexts. But making maps which remain legible while showing all the complexity of risk processes that occurred during natural disaster is not easy. The main challenges are the need to represent both the temporal and the spatial dimensions of risk events, the need to visualize domino-effect, because they often lead to worsen damages, and the will to adapt representations to the cognitive capacities of users.This research resulted in four contributions. The first one is the formalization of flood narratives in a domain ontology, which describes flood events, domino-effects, their impacts on the railway system and also response measures to restore the system. Five case studies of historical floods were instantiated in the model. Resulting from their study, the second contribution consists in generic semiology principles to visualize the narratives of floods on maps. The third contribution is a geovisualization interface, which includes original graphical representations to visualize the temporal features associated with flood events. This geovisualization interface was tested in an experiment with expert users of the railway field. Results confirmed the proposals of representation of time but disconfirm proposals of visualization of domino effects. The analysis of results led to the fourth contribution, which consists in a reusable model of an experimental procedure that is adapted to test geovisualization interfaces
Ghanem, Abdelmotaal Marwan Tarek. "Les centralités temporelles : étude de l'importance des noeuds dans les réseaux dynamiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS086.
Full textNowadays, interactions are a huge part of our daily life. These interactions can represent the diffusion of rumors, diseases, etc. Understanding how these interactions affect our life is quite important. A natural way to do so is using graph theory. However, this is not straightforward as studies show the temporal aspect, in other words, the order of interactions, should be taken into account. In this work, we concentrated on detecting the important individuals in these graphs using centrality metrics that take into account the temporal aspect. We proposed a comparison protocol that compares the different centrality metrics that exist. We applied it on several networks, which gave us insight on how the different metrics react. Secondly, we observed the high computational need of these centrality metrics. Therefore, we introduced a method to reduce this need. And finally, we introduced a novel centrality metric that we call ego-betweenness centrality
Zwaschka, Gregor [Verfasser]. "Shining New Light on Water Electrolysis: Probing Electrolytic Water Splitting on Au and Pt with Micron Spatial and Femtosecond Temporal Resolution / Gregor Zwaschka." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1224883977/34.
Full textJørgensen, Carl-Johan. "Scheduling activities under spatial and temporal constraints to populate virtual urban environments." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S033/document.
Full textCrowd simulation models usually aim at producing visually credible crowds with the intent of giving life to virtual environments. Our work focusses on generating statistically consistent behaviours that can be used to pilot crowd simulation models over long periods of time, up to multiple days. In real crowds, people's behaviours mainly depend on the activities they intend to perform. The way this activity is scheduled rely on the close interaction between the environment, space and time constraints associated with the activity and personal characteristics of individuals. Compared to the state of the art, our model better handle this interaction. Our main contributions lie in the domain of activity scheduling and path planning. First, we propose an individual activity scheduling process and its extension to cooperative activity scheduling. Based on descriptions of the environment, of intended activities and of agents' characteristics, these processes generate a task schedule for each agent. Locations where the tasks should be performed are selected and a relaxed agenda is produced. This task schedule is compatible with spatial and temporal constraints associated with the environment and with the intended activity of the agent and of other cooperating agents. It also takes into account the agents personal characteristics, inducing diversity in produced schedules. We show that our model produces schedules statistically coherent with the ones produced by humans in the same situations. Second, we propose a hierarchical path-planning process. It relies on an automatic environment analysis process that produces a semantically coherent hierarchical representation of virtual cities. The hierarchical nature of this representation is used to model different levels of decision making related to path planning. A coarse path is first computed, then refined during navigation when relevant information is available. It enable the agent to seamlessly adapt its path to unexpected events. The proposed model handles long term rational decisions driving the navigation of agents in virtual cities. It considers the strong relationship between time, space and activity to produce more credible agents' behaviours. It can be used to easily populate virtual cities in which observable crowd phenomena emerge from individual activities
Rebaud, Bettina. "Evolution vers des architectures de systèmes intégrés auto-adaptatives et tolérantes aux variations technologiques et environnementales." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20228.
Full textWith the « More Moore » and low power trends, optimizing or only well predicting the final performances of digital circuits become more and more difficult. Indeed, variability and hardness to accurately model transistor behavior impede the dimension scaling benefits. Current design methods generally use guard margins to prevent from the incertitude generated by these limits and to guarantee functional yield. But as we go in the nanometer era, the margin use is not efficient anymore, because of an increasing over-design, limiting optimizations and decreasing yield. Very different numerous solutions exist in order to overcome these troubles, following two main goals which are dissimilar but also complementary: increasing the robustness to uncertainty during the design levels, notably thanks to better performance analysis; and adapting the final circuit to its real process corner and to its environment. In this work, we considered these two directions: the first one thanks to (1) an implementation of a specific methodology called SSTA (Statistical Static Timing Analysis), allowing to perform statistical analysis on timing performances; this methodology allows us to accurately observe process variation effects on delays; and the second one in proposing (2) an efficient diagnostic system based on the in situ critical path monitoring concept and allowing all adaptive solution implementations. The latter answer to variability issue allows to know the real characteristics of the circuit, to crop design margins, to improve power consumption and frequency performances, and even to increase yield
Mekki, Ahmed. "Contribution à la Spécification et à la Vérification des Exigences Temporelles : Proposition d’une extension des SRS d’ERTMS niveau 2." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0006/document.
Full textThe work developed in this thesis aims to assist the engineering process of temporal requirements for time-constrained complex systems. Our contributions concern three phases: the specification, the behaviour modelling and the verification. For the specification of temporal requirements, a new temporal properties typology taking into account all the common requirements one may meet when dealing with requirements specification, is introduced. Then, to facilitate the expression, we have proposed a structured English grammar. Nevertheless, even if each requirement taken individually is correct, we have no guarantee that a set of temporal properties one may express is consistent. Here we have proposed an algorithm based on graph theory techniques to check the consistency of temporal requirements sets. For the behaviour modelling, we have proposed an algorithm for transforming UML State Machine with time annotations into Timed Automata (TA). The idea is to allow the user manipulating a quite intuitive notation (UML SM diagramsduring the modelling phase and thereby, automatically generate formal models (TA) that could be used directly by the verification process. Finally, for the verification phase, we have adopted an observer-based technique. Actually, we have developed a repository of observation patterns where each pattern is relative to a particular temporal requirement class in our classification. Thereby, the verification process is reduced to a reachability analysis of the observers’ KO states relatives to the requirements’ violation
Hadachi, Amnir. "Travel Time Estimation Using Sparsely Sampled Probe GPS Data in Urban Road Networks Context." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800203.
Full textFakhfakh, Nizar. "Détection et localisation tridimensionnelle par stéréovision d’objets en mouvement dans des environnements complexes : application aux passages à niveau." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECLI0005/document.
Full textWithin the past years, railways undertakings became interested in the assessment of Level Crossings (LC) safety. We propose in this thesis an Automatic Video-Surveillance system (AVS) at LC for an automatic detection of specific events. The system allows automatically detecting and 3D localizing the presence of one or more obstacles which are motionless at the level crossing. Our research aims at developing an AVS using the passive stereo vision principles. The proposed imaging system uses two cameras to detect and localize any kind of object lying on a railway level crossing. The cameras are placed so that the dangerous zones are well (fully) monitored. The system supervises and estimates automatically the critical situations by detecting objects in the hazardous zone defined as the crossing zone of a railway line by a road or path. The AVS system is used to monitor dynamic scenes where interactions take place among objects of interest (people or vehicles). After a classical image grabbing and digitizing step, the processing is composed of the two following modules: moving and stationary objects detection and 3-D localization. The developed stereo matching algorithm stems from an inference principle based on belief propagation and energy minimization. It takes into account the advantages of local methods for reducing the complexity of the inference step achieved by the belief propagation technique which leads to an improvement in the quality of results. The motion detection module is considered as a constraint which allows improving and speeding up the 3D localization algorithm
Turgis, Fabien. "Amélioration de la fiabilité d'un système complexe - Application ferroviaire : accès voyageurs." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860890.
Full textHuguet, Marie-José. "Méthodes de recherche arborescentes. Application à la résolution de problèmes d'ordonnancement et au calcul d'itinéraires multimodaux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647479.
Full textAit, Bensaid Samira. "Formal Semantics of Hardware Compilation Framework." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG085.
Full textStatic worst-case timing analyses are used to ensure the timing deadlines required for safety-critical systems. In order to derive accurate bounds, these timing analyses require precise (micro-)architecture considerations. Usually, such micro-architecture models are constructed by hand from processor manuals.However, with the open-source hardware initiatives and high-level Hardware Description Languages (HCLs), the automatic generation of these micro-architecture models and, more specifically, the pipeline models are promoted. We propose a workflow that aims to automatically construct pipeline datapath models from processor designs described in HCLs. Our workflow is based on the Chisel/FIRRTL Hardware Compiler Framework. We build at the intermediate representation level the datapath pipeline models. Our work intends to prove the timing properties, such as the timing predictability-related properties. We rely on the formal verification as our method. The generated models are then translated into formal models and integrated into an existing model checking-based procedure for detecting timing anomalies. We use TLA+ modeling and verification language and experiment with our analysis with several open-source RISC-V processors. Finally, we advance the studies by evaluating the impact of automatic generation through a series of synthetic benchmarks
Pépin, Jean-Nicolas. "Le calcul parallèle des plus courts chemins temporels." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14544.
Full textMiethe, Iljana [Verfasser]. "Spatio-temporal pattern formation during the anodic electrodissolution of silicon in ammonium fluoride solution / Iljana Miethe." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1003109489/34.
Full textMünnemann, Kerstin [Verfasser]. "Xenon NMR with spectroscopic, spatial, and temporal resolution / vorgelegt von Kerstin Münnemann, geb. Kletzke." 2005. http://d-nb.info/978172884/34.
Full textVermeer, Satenik [Verfasser]. "Spatio-temporal dynamics of glycolysis in an open spatial reactor / von: Satenik Vermeer (geb. Bagyan)." 2008. http://d-nb.info/995027714/34.
Full textKirsch, Wolfgang [Verfasser]. "Biophysical analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of free Ca2+ ions within micro- and nanodomains of muscle cells / presented by Wolfgang Kirsch." 2000. http://d-nb.info/961763817/34.
Full textLeppelt, Rainer [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur CO-Oxidation und Wassergas-Shift-Reaktion an Au-TiO2- und Au-CeO2-Katalysatoren : Aufbau eines Niederdruck- und eines Temporal-analysis-of-products-Reaktors / Rainer Leppelt." 2007. http://d-nb.info/995900582/34.
Full textMilosevic, Ira. "Spatial and temporal aspects of PI(4,5)P2 and SNAREs in exocytosis studied using isolated membrane sheets and capacitance measurements." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B5E6-7.
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