Journal articles on the topic 'Chemicals Victoria Safety measures'
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Glass, Deborah, Christina Dimitriadis, Jessy Hansen, Fiona Hore-Lacy, Malcolm R. Sim, and Ryan F. Hoy. "Changes to Silica Exposure Control Measures in the Artificial Stone Benchtop Industry in Victoria Australia." Safety and Health at Work 13 (January 2022): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.12.786.
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KITANO, Masaru. "OECD's safety measures for chemicals." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 16, no. 10 (1987): 690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.16.690.
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Arai, Shinichi. "Measures Concerning the Safety of Chemicals in the Environment." Japan journal of water pollution research 9, no. 9 (1986): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.9.555.
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Bu, Quan Min, Zhan Jun Wang, and Xing Tong. "Research on Cause Analysis and Safety Management for Road Transportation Accidents of Dangerous Chemicals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 2282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.2282.
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With increasing transport amount of dangerous chemicals, the number of transportation accidents also rises, thus safe transport of dangerous chemicals becomes more critical. In this article, existing problems in dangerous chemicals transportation and corresponding reasons are analyzed. Through combination of domestic and foreign advanced technology and national conditions, control strategies and measures for safe transportation of dangerous chemicals are studied in depth, in is proposed that preventive measures need to be taken. The preventive measures include establishing a management system, risk early warning mechanism and transport information platform which are based on modern information technology, establishing transport industry standard, ensuring good security propaganda work, setting emergency and consultation service system, carrying out special rectification work for transportation safety, so as to ensure scientific, reasonable and effective control of dangerous chemicals transport, reduce and avoid related accidents.
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Abd Ali, Ali, Naser Shaalan, Wedad Al-Dahhan, Nany Hairunisa, and Emad Yousif. "A Technical Evaluation of a Chemistry Laboratory: A Step Forward For Maintaining Safety Measures." Oriental Journal of Physical Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojps02.01.06.
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Chemistry laboratories have been classified as dangerous workplaces as many hazardous chemicals are used within. Some of these chemicals have a high risk score and dealing with them without taking into considerations any potential damage to properties/people is absolutely unprofessional and irresponsible. In this regard, in order to offer a reasonable protection for people and facilities, we deduce a feasible safety practice based on our thorough evaluation for one of the chemistry laboratories in our academic institution (Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Women, Baghdad University). This evaluation revealed that safety precautions must be always adopted within any chemistry laboratory and safety officer must regularly inspect laboratories to check their compliance with safety standards. Herein, we present our evaluation, and observations as well as thoughts to promote this chemistry laboratory in terms of safety measures.
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Moraru, Roland Iosif, Mihai Popescu-Stelea, and Gabriel Bujor Bǎbuţ. "Chemical risk ranking and evaluation: case study in a paint manufacturing company." MATEC Web of Conferences 373 (2022): 00001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237300001.
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As economies grow and the use of chemicals becomes more and more widespread, the adoption of effective control measures allows for safer use of chemicals on an industrial scale. Chemical hazards can have severe negative consequences for both the health of employees, the safety of personnel and facilities (fire and explosion risk) and the environment. To characterize them, it is necessary to combine the inherent hazards associated to chemicals with their conditions of use that may generate emissions and exposures. Various methods, both qualitative and quantitative are available worldwide for chemical risk assessment, but unfortunately in Romania this important aspect is treated in a minimalist manner, which can often be considered as insufficiently rigorous. In this perspective, the present paper aims to validate through a practical case study conducted in a Romanian paint manufacturing company, the application of a simplified method of chemical risks prioritization and assessment. The obtained results allowed the substantiation of the control measures of these risks, being also able to constitute an instrument of raising awareness for all the interested parties (occupational safety and health inspectors, managers, safety officers, supervisors, workers), in the effective management of the chemical risks.
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Zhao, Laijun, Ying Qian, Qing-Mi Hu, Ran Jiang, Meiting Li, and Xulei Wang. "An Analysis of Hazardous Chemical Accidents in China between 2006 and 2017." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082935.
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From the perspective of characteristics and causes, probability and forecast, and safety management evaluation, this paper analyzes 3974 hazardous chemical casualty accidents that occurred between 2006 and 2017 in China. The trends, monthly and hourly distributions, lifecycles, chemical and accident types, and the direct and indirect causes of casualty accidents are analyzed first. To estimate the probability of casualty accidents, the Poisson regression model is employed. The time series model is developed to forecast the number of casualty accidents. The safety management of hazardous chemicals is evaluated based on an inverted U-shaped curve that fits the relationship between the number of casualty accidents and petrochemical industry outputs. Moreover, measures for improving the safety management of hazardous chemicals are provided based on the analysis, forecast, and evaluation. The results show that the probability of 200–600 casualty accidents occurring per year in China is 59.10%. Sixteen of thirty provinces are identified as having better safety management with regard to hazardous chemicals.
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Ibrahim, Mohammad Nabil, David B. Logan, Sjaan Koppel, and Brian Fildes. "Fatal and Serious Injury Rates for Different Travel Modes in Victoria, Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031924.
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While absolute injury numbers are widely used as a road safety indicator, they do not fully account for the likelihood of an injury given a certain level of exposure. Adjusting crash and injury rates for travel exposure can measure the magnitude of travel activity leading to crash outcomes and provide a more comprehensive indicator of safety. Fatal and serious injury (FSI) numbers were adjusted by three measures of travel exposure to estimate crash and injury rates across nine travel modes in the Australian state of Victoria. While car drivers accounted for the highest number of injuries across the three modes, their likelihood of being killed or seriously injured was substantially lower than that of motorcyclists across all exposure measures. Cyclists accounted for fewer injuries than car passengers and pedestrians but had a higher risk per exposure. The results varied by both injury severity and exposure measure. The results of this study will assist with high level transport planning by allowing for the investigation of the changes in travel-related FSI resulting from proposed travel mode shifts driven by safety, environmental reasons or other reasons as part of the holistic goal of transforming the transport system to full compliance with Safe System principles.
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Chen, Jiahui, Guangya Zhou, Jiayang Xie, Minjia Wang, Yanting Ding, Shuxian Chen, Sijing Xia, Xiaojun Deng, Qin Chen, and Bing Niu. "Dairy Safety Prediction Based on Machine Learning Combined with Chemicals." Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 5 (August 7, 2020): 664–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406415666191004142810.
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Background: Dairy safety has caused widespread concern in society. Unsafe dairy products have threatened people's health and lives. In order to improve the safety of dairy products and effectively prevent the occurrence of dairy insecurity, countries have established different prevention and control measures and safety warnings. Objective: The purpose of this study is to establish a dairy safety prediction model based on machine learning to determine whether the dairy products are qualified. Methods: The 34 common items in the dairy sampling inspection were used as features in this study. Feature selection was performed on the data to obtain a better subset of features, and different algorithms were applied to construct the classification model. Results: The results show that the prediction model constructed by using a subset of features including “total plate”, “water” and “nitrate” is superior. The SN, SP and ACC of the model were 62.50%, 91.67% and 72.22%, respectively. It was found that the accuracy of the model established by the integrated algorithm is higher than that by the non-integrated algorithm. Conclusion: This study provides a new method for assessing dairy safety. It helps to improve the quality of dairy products, ensure the safety of dairy products, and reduce the risk of dairy safety.
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KUDERINA, Assiya, Ilyas KUDERIN, Dauren BEKEZHANOV, Bolat AITIMOV, Dana NURBEK, and Indira AMREEVA. "Environmental and Legal Regulation of the Handling of Chemicals." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.2(50).06.
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The implementation of a set of measures aimed at consistently reducing the negative impact of hazardous chemical factors on the population and the environment to an acceptable level of risk provides for the development and analysis of the experience of the European Union and its member States in the field of chemical management, as well as the development of recommendations for improving legislation and other regulatory legal acts on environmental protection from chemical pollution. To this end, the article presents the rationale and conceptual approaches to the formation of legislation in the field of chemical safety within the framework of state policy. The most important aspect in the formation of legislation is the global nature of chemical safety problems, in this connection, the article points to the need to bring the law in this area closer to partners in economic cooperation and integration. Taking into account the focus of future laws on reducing the level of negative impact of hazardous chemicals on the population and the environment, the legal and political consequences of their implementation are outlined.
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Prodanchuk, M. G., O. P. Kravchuk, N. V. Kurdil, V. A. Raks, V. S. Mikhailov, and P. V. Aleinov. "Reference Centre for Identification and Control of Chemicals: Role and Place in the National System of Chemical Safety." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 89, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2020-89-2-14-19.
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In 2014 Ukraine accepted the OSCE proposal to develop an Integrated Chemical Safety and Security Program in Ukraine (ICSSP) aiming to develop a collaborative framework between the Ukrainian partners, the OSCE and the international partners for an effective and coordinated actions to ensure chemical safety and security. The main goal of the ICSSP program is to improve Ukraine’s ability to prevent, prepare for and respond to inappropriate handling of chemicals.Effective chemical safety will help to increase the level of protection of chemical materials, associated facilities and vehicles. ICSSP also had to ensure the implementation of modern solutions and coordinated approaches to strengthen the protection of critical infrastructure in Ukraine. A comprehensive review, conducted as the first step in the implementation of ICSSP, showed that the program should be aimed at introducing national activities in the field of chemical safety by a wide range of national authorities with a focus on the development of legislative and administrative measures for the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 in the chemical industry. Realization of the program objectives will provide: — creating a national (regional) Reference Centre for Identification and Control of Chemicals, able to make expert conclusions regarding hazardous chemicals and precursors quickly and reliably; — expanding opportunities to detect chemicals, conduct toxicological studies, including for the purpose of export control and forensic investigations, and the possibility to clarify the nature and characteristics of “unknown” chemicals; — improving capabilities of regional network of chemical analytical laboratories to identify toxic chemicals and ability to conduct joint research, as well as to train laboratory personnel and to exchange good laboratory practices. The National Reference Centre can serve as a model laboratory and national (regional) training platform for the dissemination of knowledge and best practices.It can help to solve regional problems, because the neighbouring countries Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan and even some EU countries also need such assistance. Key Words: chemical safety, Reference Centre, preventive toxicology.
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Alshammari, Shuaa Z., and Uma M. Irfan. "HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS' SAFETY MEASURES AND AWARENESS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HOSPITAL LABORATORIES IN BURAYDAH, AL QASSIM." LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences 4, no. 3 (November 21, 2018): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.43.102117.
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Lin, Hui Dan, and Geng Jun Gao. "Applied Research of Fault Tree Analysis Method of Liquefaction Dangerous Goods Safety Management in the Yangtze River Water Transportation." Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.343.
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In recent years, with the rapid development of petroleum, chemical and energy industry around the Yangtze River, the variety and quantity transportation of dangerous chemicals has also dramatically increased through Yangtze River. This paper applies fault tree analysis method of specific LPG to obtain problems existing in the Yangtze river water transportation safety management and according to these series of problem, it puts forward some relevant management measures, hoping to minimum the possibility and damage of potential risk accident so as to the risk control measures more scientific, strict and meticulous.
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Ishchenko, A., N. Stuchynska, L. Haiova, and E. Shchepanskiy. "Chemical safety in the context of environmental goals of sustainable development." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 915, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/915/1/012032.
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Abstract The aim of the article is to carry out a systematic analysis of the components of chemical safety in the context of the environmental aspect of sustainable development goals and to identify those components with the help of competent health professionals. Hazardous chemicals can travel for long distances, be accumulated in the environment as well as cause adverse effects on human health through food chains. The action of toxicants of inorganic and organic nature occurs due to the violation of metabolic processes, inhibition of enzymes, and biotransformation of xenobiotics into more toxic compounds. Physicians must be clearly aware of the relationship in the “toxicant-pathology” system; understand the molecular mechanisms of the hazardous chemicals action; use terminology regarding toxicological characteristics of toxicants; conduct educational, treatment, and prevention activities among the population; acquire information on regulations governing the management of chemical compounds. The next component of chemical safety is the knowledge of approaches to chemical labeling and safety measures for working with chemical products throughout their life cycle. Proper interpretation of the type and level of hazard will enable taking necessary precautions and following relevant safety rules while working with chemical products.
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Selvanayagam, Dyana Lekha, and Amuthaganesh Mathialagan. "A review on hearing loss caused by occupational hazard and trauma." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 4116. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213051.
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Occupational hearing loss (OHL) is known to be one of the most common occupational diseases. Common causes are being exposed to workplace hazardous noise levels, ototoxic chemicals, head injuries and barotrauma. Occupational noise-induced hearing loss is mostly due to the death or damage of hair cells in our ear, which do not grow back. On the other hand, ototoxic chemicals affect the structures in cochlear and auditory neurological pathways leading to hearing loss. In occupational head trauma, the parts of the ear that are damaged are the tympanic membrane, middle ear and cochlea which leads to hearing disability. Huge changes in pressure on the outside and the inside of the ear leads to barotrauma causing potential hearing loss. Many of the research available are regarding noise-induced OHL or chemicals causing OHL followed by barotrauma. More studies on OHL due to workplace head trauma should be conducted. Preventative measures should be taken by the worker’s supervisors or the government to implement safety measures to prevent and reduce OHL. This can be done via providing equipment and facilities that prevent hearing loss and education on OHL.
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Darmansjah, I. "Pesticide Poisoning as a Pediatric Emergency." Paediatrica Indonesiana 16, no. 1-2 (September 12, 2019): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi16.1-2.1976.11-20.
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There are branches in medicine where knowledge of the average physician is deficient, such as in pollutional problems, industrial medicine and diseases caused by agricultural chemicals. Many of these involve the toxicology of substances rarely met with in medical practice.
A multidisciplinary agro-medical and industria-medical approach is essential to understand the management including precautionary and legislative measures that have to be taken. This will involve not only medical personnel but also engineers, chemists, agronomists, ecologists and many others.
Poisoning with agricultural chemicals most often involve O.C. and O.P. compounds. In adults these cases have been typified by self-poisonings and through neglect of safety measures prescribed by the factory. In children poisonings almost always have been associated with accidents. Here the most important factor is also negligence of parents to keep away dangerous pesticides from the reach of children.
There are quite a few potent anti dotes available in pesticide-poisoning, notably atropine for D.P.'s and carbamates, vitamin K for warfarin, and dimercaprol for arsenics. There are also chemicals like paraquat and pentachlorophenol for which no antidote is available and they present great problems in treatment.
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Thompson, Lesa A., and Wageh S. Darwish. "Environmental Chemical Contaminants in Food: Review of a Global Problem." Journal of Toxicology 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2345283.
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Contamination by chemicals from the environment is a major global food safety issue, posing a serious threat to human health. These chemicals belong to many groups, including metals/metalloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), radioactive elements, electronic waste, plastics, and nanoparticles. Some of these occur naturally in the environment, whilst others are produced from anthropogenic sources. They may contaminate our food—crops, livestock, and seafood—and drinking water and exert adverse effects on our health. It is important to perform assessments of the associated potential risks. Monitoring contamination levels, enactment of control measures including remediation, and consideration of sociopolitical implications are vital to provide safer food globally.
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Durairaj, Alagar Raja, Surya Rao Rao Venkata Mahipathy, Manimaran Ramachandran, and Narayanamurthy Sundaramurthy. "A study of unusual burns at a tertiary burn unit: a prospective study." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 12 (November 25, 2017): 3980. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175396.
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Background: Unusual burns are not uncommon. They occur in the industrial as well as the domestic side. These are mainly burns due to chemicals, tar, fire walk and lightning burns. These burns occur as a result of improper handling of chemicals with poor safety measures or due to accidents. Here, we discuss about these burns, their epidemiology with treatment and preventive measures.Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care burn centre for a period of two years from Jan 2009 to Jan 2011. Forty-four patients with unusual burns were admitted and evaluated with a thorough history and clinical examination. Initial resuscitation was done followed by specific therapy in each of the cases.Results: The forty-four patients with unusual burns were categorized into chemical burns, lightning burns, tar burn, camphor burns, fire walk burns and miscellaneous types. These burns mostly involved adult males and were generally due to domestic reasons. 93% were due to accidents of which most of them were of the miscellaneous type (83%).Conclusions: Unusual burns are an important to know as these are occurring with regular frequency in the present days. These burns are usually accidental occurring in industries and in household setups. Proper education and safety measures could reduce the incidence of these unusual burns.
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Francis, Diane, Anne McEvoy, Tracey Roney, and L. Michelle Gibson. "Farm Safety - A Family Priority: The Implementation of a Collaborative Approach to Primary Health Care in a Rural Setting." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00054.
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Farm Safety - A Family Priority' was a collaborative, integrated primary health care promotion conducted during Rural Health Week, starting 27th May 1999 in the rural town of Elmore, Victoria. Five primary schools in surrounding districts were invited to participate: Goornong, Colbinabbin, Drummartin, Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Elmore, and Elmore Primary School. Involving 113 children and five teachers, issues concerning safety on the farm included riding on tractors, horses and agriculture bikes, the safe use and storage of chemicals, safe places to play, the importance of displaying emergency telephone numbers, and a demonstration on Expired Air Resuscitation. By using a demonstration and an interactive teaching method it was envisaged that student participation would be encouraged and learning through practical application reinforced. Further, students were provided with ample time to ask questions of the demonstrators regarding any displays and activities. At the conclusion of the day a questionnaire was distributed to all children while teachers' perceptions were recorded by interview. Children took away some clear messages about farm safety, and the coordination and content of the activities impressed teachers. The activity clearly demonstrated the need for more integrated, collaborative approaches in promoting primary health care in rural settings, that are relevant to the community concerned in order to create a sustainable healthy community.
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Shakurova, M. M. "The Vision Zero concept is the basis of innovative technologies on the way to the highest safety in industry." Okhrana truda i tekhnika bezopasnosti na promyshlennykh predpriyatiyakh (Labor protection and safety procedure at the industrial enterprises), no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-4-2202-01.
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In the Russian Federation, hundreds of thousands of people carry out activities in the field of oil and gas production. Ensuring their health and safety is the main concern of employers, regulators, trade associations, industry groups and local communities. Work in this industry includes physical labor, round-the-clock operations, heavy machinery, hazardous chemicals, often remote locations and weather conditions. All these factors increase the risk of physical harm and determine the need for special protective measures.
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El-Helaly, Mohamed, Hanan H. Balkhy, Khan Waseem, and Sahdia Khawaja. "Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among health-care workers exposed to cleaning and disinfectant chemicals, a 2-year follow-up study." Toxicology and Industrial Health 32, no. 12 (July 9, 2016): 2002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233715610043.
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Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that exposure to cleaning chemicals among health-care workers (HCWs) is associated with respiratory disorders and ventilatory function changes. This study aimed to further explore this association using a longitudinal approach. A prospective 2-year follow-up study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia from June 2012 to June 2014 among 56 nurses who were responsible for disinfection and sterilization of medical instruments and equipment. The workplaces of the participants were assessed for engineering, environmental, and safety control measures. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all participants to assess their exposure to cleaning chemicals and their medical history. Spirometric parameters were measured for all nurses in 2012 (baseline) and again in 2014 (follow-up). The prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms did not increase significantly over this time. Among all the spirometric parameters, only forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio decreased significantly, and only 10.7% of participants who were exposed to cleaning chemicals for more than 10 years had FEV1 and FVC less than their longitudinal normal limits at the end of the study. Smoking and gender were associated with statistically significant decreases in some of the spirometric parameters. Our 2-year follow-up study did not demonstrate significant association between exposure to cleaning chemicals among HCWs and changes in the prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms, but indicated early effects on ventilatory function among them. The study highlights the importance of periodic spirometry, proper work practices, and effective control measures to protect HCWs against potentially harmful workplace chemicals for disinfection and sterilization.
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Miller, S. E., and D. N. Howel. "Laboratory Safety For the Electron and Correlative Microscopist." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 1186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600019255.
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Laboratory safety in a diagnostic electron microscopy (EM) laboratory that deals with potentially infectious specimens is a complex issue. The risk of infection of laboratory personnel is an obvious concern, particularly in laboratories, such as diagnostic virology laboratories, which handle infected tissues and body fluids on a routine basis. A second hazard is introduced by the multitude of toxic, corrosive, and irritating chemical reagents required for the preparation of samples for EM. Physical hazards inherent in the complex machinery necessary for EM and other forms of microscopy must also not be overlooked. Attention to each of these concerns must be orchestrated over the course of a multistep process that often lasts several days. Success in this endeavor is facilitated by a comprehensive quality control program encompassing personnel, specimens, chemicals, and equipment.The foundation for safe handling of samples in the clinical laboratory is the principle of universal precautions, under which all blood, other body fluids, and tissues are considered potentially infectious and handled using appropriate protective measures.
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Molander, Linda, and Alison K. Cohen. "EU and US Regulatory Approaches to Information on Chemicals in Products: Implications for Consumers." European Journal of Risk Regulation 3, no. 4 (December 2012): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00002440.
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Information dissemination across the supply chain to consumers about chemicals’ hazardous properties and presence in consumer products has been recognized as insufficient to improve to enable both producers and end-users to avoid hazardous chemicals and to manage risks to human health and the environment. A comparative analysis of the information requirements in four EU legislations (the CLP, the Cosmetics regulation, REACH, and the Toys Safety Directive) and three US legislations (California's Proposition 65 and Senate Bill 509, and the national TSCA) was conducted with the aim of studying to what extent existing regulatory information approaches require information to be disseminated to consumers. In general, the European legislations address and promote consumers’ access to information on chemicals in products more comprehensively than the American legislations, but the amount and type of information required to be disseminated to consumers varies widely. These differences include which chemicals are prioritised, if the chemical is used in a mixture or an article, what information dissemination strategies are used, and who is responsible for consumers accessing the information. It is recommended that chemical information policies should, at minimum, require chemical suppliers to inform consumers of hazardous chemicals present in their products and, if possible, recommend risk management measures to ensure a safe use of consumer products.
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Fomin, M. V., L. A. Alikbayeva, L. V. Lukovnikova, G. I. Sidorin, and N. N. Petrova. "HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SAFETY OPERATION OF THE ENTERPRISE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-4-347-351.
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The purpose of the study is to provide toxicological-hygienic assessment of components the production of polyvinyl chloride, substantiate safe levels of chemicals in air of the working area and preventive measures on optimization conditions both of work and residence of the population. Material and methods. The object of the study was the complex of production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The program of research included the study of the technological process; evaluation of the toxicity and dangers of new chemicals; the characteristic of sources of air emissions; health risk assessment of the population; justification of the size sanitary-protective zone. Results. The enterprise for the production of PVC can be potential source of the environmental pollution, with the priority to pollution of the atmosphere and working area air. The main organized emission sources of the chemicals are departments for the production of chlorine, vinyl chloride monomer, polyvinyl chloride and flare units. New components of production are ntioxidant IRGASTAB PVC76 and plasticizer Plastomoll DOA on physic-chemical and toxic characteristics fail to pose a risk of acute and chronic poisoning by inhalation routes of exposure, the parameters of acute toxicity refer to the 4th class of danger and seem to be low-hazard substances. Antioxidant IRGASTAB PVC 76 under repeated applications leads to mild irritation of the skin, characterized by a slightly pronounced cumulative properties, in contact with a high likelihood of sensitization of the organism; the introduction inhibits the activity of cytochrome P-450-dependent that may result in the violation of the detoxifying function of the liver. Antioxidant IRGASTAB PVC 76 under repeated applications leads to a slight irritation of the skin, characterized by mild cumulative properties, contact likely to develop sensitization of the organism; upon administration inhibits the activity of cytochrome P-450-dependent MOG that might lead to a violation of the detoxifying liver function. Emissions to the atmosphere can contain up to 50 polluting chemicals. The main contribution to emissions comprises substances of the 3 and 4 hazard class, it is related with extremely dangerous and highly dangerous chemicals up to 32% of the total list of toxic substances. Indices of non-cancer risk with or without accounting background are at an acceptable level, the probability of the carcinogenic risk is small. There is a possibility risk of developing obsessive smell of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorethene and chloroform.
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HATHAWAY, STEVE C. "Development of Food Safety Risk Assessment Guidelines for Foods of Animal Origin in International Trade†." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.11.1432.
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The international food safety environment is currently in a unique period of reevaluation and change. In an emerging trading environment regulated more according to food safety requirements than nontariff trade protection barriers, food safety risk analysis is pivotal to future Codex activities and implementation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement. Development of guidelines for food safety risk assessment requires determination of scope, internationally agreed definitions, general principles, guidelines tailored for each class of foodborne hazards, and linkages and interactions with risk management and risk communication. Food safety risk assessments need to be soundly based on science, should incorporate the four analytical steps of the risk assessment paradigm, and should be documented in a transparent and readily understandable form. The particular needs of Codex, the WTO, national governments, industry, and consumers need to be taken into account, and this includes identification of the essential linkages between risk assessment and the design of HACCP plans. With respect to chemical hazards in food, a risk assessment approach provides the opportunity to broaden the understanding of acceptable daily intakes, maximum residue levels, and their public health significance. Guidelines for chemicals in foods will inevitably have to address the differences between safety evaluation and a genuine risk assessment approach. With respect to microbiological hazards, the unique problems associated with risk assessment of living organisms in food make it likely that application of guidelines in the medium term will more commonly use qualitative approaches. In the absence of a history of safety evaluation according to a notionally zero risk baseline, as is the case with chemicals, the objective of microbiological risk analysis to reduce microbial risks to “the minimum which is technologically feasible and practical” represents a genuine focus for risk assessment. As risk assessment is increasing applied and internationally accepted guidelines become established, decision criteria for risk management arguably present the greatest challenge in establishing and maintaining quantitative SPS measures for food in international trade and judging their equivalence. However, the desire of all interested parties for scientifically justified food safety measures may be tempered according to the ability of the global scientific community to generate the necessary data and the political will to accept food safety programmes in different countries that have equivalent outputs.
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Dvoinikova, A. V., and I. A. Yagovtseva. "THE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER OF THE CITY OF TYUMEN." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2018-2-106-109.
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Currently, the hydrosphere is facing serious anthropogenic impact which prevents water from self-purification. The imperfection of technological processes, outdated water disposal communi-cations, inadequate amounts of chemicals for water treatment are the main problems of poor quality of drinking water. In the laboratory of ecological and industrial safety of Industrial University of Tyumen physical and chemical parameters of tap water in different areas of Tyumen have been studied and measures have been proposed to improve the quality of drinking water.
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Matisāne, Linda, Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Joana Lobo Vicente, Maria Uhl, Andromachi Katsonouri, Annick D. van den Brand, Tamar Berman, et al. "Citizens’ Perception and Concerns on Chemical Exposures and Human Biomonitoring—Results from a Harmonized Qualitative Study in Seven European Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 6414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116414.
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Exposure to different chemicals is an inevitable part of our everyday lives. Within HBM4EU, focus group discussions were conducted to gather data on citizens’ perceptions of chemical exposure and human biomonitoring. These discussions were hosted in Cyprus, Denmark, Hungary, Israel, Latvia, the Netherlands, and North Macedonia following a protocol developed in the first round of discussions. Results indicate the very high concern of European citizens regarding food safety and the environment. Focus group participants were well aware of potential uptake of chemicals through food consumption (e.g., preservatives, flavor enhancers, coloring agents, pesticides, fertilizers, metals), drinking water, or from polluted air and water. One of the positive aspects identified here, is the high interest of citizens in awareness and education on personal measures to control exposure. The promotion of personal behavioral changes requires active involvement of society (e.g., commuting habits, energy choices, waste disposal, dietary habits). Activities should focus on raising awareness of the general public, implementation of policy measures, and mainstreaming of related topics into the education system. Raising awareness of the general public may promote engagement of citizens, which in turn may empower them to put pressure on politicians to take effective actions. There is also a need for further research which might focus on the impact of country-specific situations and of the COVID-19 pandemic on the exposure of citizens to chemicals.
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Averina, Yu M., G. E. Kalyakina, V. V. Menshikov, Yu I. Kapustin, and V. S. Boldyrev. "Neutralisation Process Design for Electroplating Industry Wastewater Containing Chromium and Cyanides." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 84 (June 2019): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2019-3-70-80.
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Manufacturing processes in the electroplating industry employ hazardous chemicals and generate hazardous waste, including hexavalent chromium compounds and heavy metal cyanides. We designed a reagent-based treatment technology that can remove these contaminants and is relatively simple to implement and maintain. The technology features low reagent consumption but high treatment efficiency and simplifies separating precipitates from the treated effluent. The paper presents a detailed description of how to neutralise electroplating shop wastewater. We propose a system of organizational and technological measures to improve chemical safety.
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Lovas, Szabolcs, Károly Nagy, János Sándor, and Balázs Ádám. "Presumed Exposure to Chemical Pollutants and Experienced Health Impacts among Warehouse Workers at Logistics Companies: A Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 7052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137052.
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During intercontinental shipping, freight containers and other closed transport devices are applied. These closed spaces can be polluted with various harmful chemicals that may accumulate in poorly ventilated environments. The major pollutants are residues of pesticides used for fumigation as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from the goods. While handling cargos at logistics companies, workers can be exposed to these pollutants, frequently without adequate occupational health and safety precautions. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among potentially exposed warehouse workers and office workers as controls at Hungarian logistics companies (1) to investigate the health effects of chemical pollutants occurring in closed spaces of transportation and storage and (2) to collect information about the knowledge of and attitude toward workplace chemical exposures as well as the occupational health and safety precautions applied. Pre-existing medical conditions did not show any significant difference between the working groups. Numbness or heaviness in the arms and legs (AOR = 3.99; 95% CI = 1.72–9.26) and dry cough (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.09–4.93) were significantly associated with working in closed environments of transportation and storage, while forgetfulness (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.18–0.87), sleep disturbances (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.17–0.78), and tiredness after waking up (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.20–0.79) were significantly associated with employment in office. Warehouse workers who completed specific workplace health and safety training had more detailed knowledge related to this workplace chemical issue (AOR = 8.18; 95% CI = 3.47–19.27), and they were significantly more likely to use certain preventive measures. Warehouse workers involved in handling cargos at logistics companies may be exposed to different chemical pollutants, and the related health risks remain unknown if the presence of these chemicals is not recognized. Applied occupational health and safety measures at logistics companies are not adequate enough to manage this chemical safety issue, which warrants awareness raising and the introduction of effective preventive strategies to protect workers’ health at logistics companies.
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Lee, Sewon, Andrew C. Povey, Martin J. Seed, and Martie van Tongeren. "Insufficient respiratory hazard identification in the safety data sheets for cleaning and disinfection products used in healthcare organisations across England and Wales." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 78, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106881.
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BackgroundExposure to cleaning and disinfection products has been associated with respiratory disorders such as asthma in cleaning and healthcare workers. Safety data sheets (SDSs) provide information on hazardous chemicals that are present in products to help users with risk assessment and implement appropriate control measures. However, they have potential limitations in identifying respiratory hazards due to a lack of regulatory test methods for respiratory sensitisation and irritation of chemicals.MethodsSDSs were first used to identify chemicals on the database as respiratory sensitisers and irritants. A quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model and an asthmagen list established by the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) were used to identify potential respiratory sensitisers and irritants (by the AOEC list only) in the cleaning and disinfection products.ResultsFrom a total of 459 cleaning and disinfection products used in healthcare organisations across England and Wales, 35 respiratory sensitisers not labelled as such on the SDS were identified by QSAR or AOEC. Only 2% of cleaning and disinfection products contained at least one respiratory sensitiser as identified by their SDSs; this was increased to 37.7% of products when the QSAR or the AOEC list was used.ConclusionsA significantly higher proportion of cleaning products contain respiratory hazardous chemicals, particularly respiratory sensitisers than would be expected from the information provided by SDSs alone. Cleaners and healthcare workers may, therefore, be insufficiently protected.
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BAYRAM, Hakan, and Elif ÇELENK KAYA. "Risk Analysis with Fine-Kinney Method: Example of Trabzon Port." Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 760–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095256.
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In the world and in our country, various methods of transportation are used such as road, air, rail and sea. Compared to other transportation methods, 80-90% of international trade is carried out by sea. Sea transportation can transport heavy loads, hazardous chemicals and large quantities more cheaply and safely. The excessive use of sea transport in the world increases the importance of ports. In our country, our ports are classified as hazardous workplaces. Hazardous chemicals being loaded and transported, the presence of various machines and vehicles pose various risks resulting from port operations. Health and safety measures should be taken to eliminate the hazards and risks. Factors such as the lack of technical personnel in ports, various risks and hazards in ports, the availability and variety of machinery, vehicles, special equipment, the presence of foreign personnel, and the vastness of the port area make it difficult to implement preventive and regulatory measures in ports. In this study, the sources of hazards and risks in the area of the Port of Trabzon were identified and a risk analysis study was conducted using the Fine-Kinney method, a risk assessment method.
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Kropotova, Svetlana. "Comparative analysis of opinions of staff of gynecological and surgical departments on professional safety of nursing practice." Medsestra (Nurse), no. 11 (October 11, 2021): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-05-2111-04.
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The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the opinions of employees about professional safety in order to identify problems and implement measures to improve the working conditions of nursing professionals. Results. The main problem in solving the issues of safe work of nursing personnel remains: insufficiently equipped workplace of a specialist, insufficient wages, the influence of chemicals, carrying heavy loads, exposure to radiation, contact with infections, psychotraumatic factors, etc. Conclusion. Senior nurses and department heads carry out activities to facilitate or improve the working conditions of nurses. Create, as far as possible, comfortable conditions for the work and rest of nurses. They also oversee workplace safety compliance. The proof is the absence of cases of industrial injuries.
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Klovach, E. V., G. M. Seleznev, and A. Yu Sulimov. "Relationship between the Classification of Chemical Products and Criteria for Qualifying Objects as Hazardous Production Facilities." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 10 (October 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-10-27-32.
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In 2002 the international community adopted a new system of hazard classification and labeling of chemical products, which is recommended to be implemented by all the Member- countries of the United Nations through national legislation and international acts. Within the frame of the implementation of this decision, in 2015 the amendments were made to the Directive of the European Community of June 24, 1982, № 82/501/EEC on the prevention of major industrial accidents, and to the United Nations Convention onthe prevention of major industrial accidents, and a little later to the national legislation of the European countries establishing measures on preventing major accidents. In 2017, the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union adopted the technical regulation on the safety of chemical products, which establishes classification criteria that are completely identical to the criteria for the system of hazard classification and labeling of chemical products. Entry into force of the technical regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union will lead to the need for amending all theregulatory legal acts and regulations that contain regulations based on the classification of chemical products, including in the Federal Law № 116-FZ of July 21, 1997, On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities. The task of harmonizing the legislation on industrial safety with the international documents in terms of the classification of chemicals was planned to be solved when developing a new law on industrial safety. During the discussion, the developers encountered different approaches to the definition of classes of hazardous substances, the analysis of which became the subject of this article. The authors formulated proposals that can be used at the next round of harmonization of the Russian legislation on industrial safety with the international documents. When preparing proposals with classes and lists of hazardous chemicals for use in the industrial safety legislation, a comparison was made not only of the definitions of classes of chemicals in different documents, but also of their quantities, which are the criteria for qualifying objects as hazardous production facilities. It is noted that the term «flammable liquids», used in 116-FZ, practically does not occur in the international classifications, therefore, when developing new documents, it was proposed not to use it.
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Gainullina, M. K., Elmira R. Shaikhlislamova, L. K. Karimova, A. Kh Yakupova, L. M. Karamova, and F. F. Karimova. "REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RISKS FOR FEMALE WORKERS EXPOSED TO HAZARDOUS WORKING CONDITIONS AND MEASURES TO MINIMIZE THEM." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 9 (October 28, 2019): 990–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-9-990-996.
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Introduction. The problem of women’s health protection and maintaining their reproductive health is a relevant problem of occupational health. Material and methods. The assessment of exposure levels to hazardous occupational factors at workplaces and reproductive health indices of female workers of petrochemistry and mining of the Republic of Bashkortostan has been carried out. Results. Petrochemical female workers have been shown to be exposed to the combined impact of toxicants including saturated, unsaturated, aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, etc. at the maximum permissible level or below their concentration, the mining and processing enterprise workers - to the combined impact of hazardous occupational factors (polymetallic ore dust, chemicals, industrial noise). The working conditions of female workers of both industries correspond to hazardous Class I. Most chemicals possess reproductive toxicity. A significantly high prevalence of menstrual disorders, benign neoplasms, obstetric pathology in the form of threatened abortion, gestosis in the second half of pregnancy, chronic placental insufficiency, and as well as newborns’ morbidity have been revealed among female workers of main groups. Conclusion. The labor of women in the modern petrochemical complex, as well as the mining and processing enterprise fails to provide female workers’ reproductive health safety. Studies have shown the need to develop a system of preventive measures which will promote reproductive health of workers.
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Ha, Nuri, Seohyeon Oh, Seunghee Lee, Yujin Jung, Jiyul Choi, and Sokhee P. Jung. "Institutional Management Plan for Hazardous Chemical Substances in Textile Products." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 390–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.5.390.
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Due to accidents related to chemical substances at home and abroad, the effects of hazardous chemicals on the environment and interest in them are increasing. In order to prevent the occurrence of hazardous chemical accidents, it is first necessary to clarify institutional standards for hazardous chemicals. Among the daily life products in which hazardous chemicals are detected, textile products are in close contact with the human body for a very long time, and thus are closely related to human health. However, our society's interest in the health of chemical substances in textile products is still insignificant. Therefore, this paper examines the seriousness of hazardous chemical substances in textile products and the limitations of their management system, and considers institutional supplementary measures.<br/>Formaldehyde, arylamine, and dimethyl-fumarate, which are regulated as harmful substances in textile products, mainly cause skin diseases through skin contact, and may cause organ damage when absorbed into the body. In Korea, hazardous chemicals are regulated in advance through the KC system. However, this system regulates only some of the heavy metals that are eluted, and chemicals such as phenols and toluene are not subject to regulation. The issuance of the KC mark is poor, and there is a problem that there is no obligation to mark the certification mark if the product is not intended for under 14 years of age. Therefore, it is necessary to expand and strengthen the scope of the regulation. It is mandatory to re-inspect OEKO-TEX® STANDARD, the standard of multinational corporations, every three years. The KC system also needs to follow this.<br/>The post-safety management system used when harmful fiber products exceeding the regulatory standards were analyzed by dividing into a product accident investigation and a national recall system. In order to increase the recall recovery rate, it is necessary to strengthen the information collection system, improve business awareness, and classify the recall stage as supplementary measures. Companies need to provide highly reliable textile products to consumers by participating in the ZDHC and Higg Index, which are programs for reducing hazardous chemical substances in textiles.
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Su, Rong Jun. "Environmental Risk Evaluation on Integrated Circuit Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1203.
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In order to evaluate the environmental risk of integrated circuit industry, a new integrated circuit chip project was taken as an example to be investigated and analyzed. Its engineering features, process flow, risk identification, risk source intensity and measures to prevent risks were proposed. Risk identification shows that main poisonous and harmful chemicals(PHC) are corrosives and antioxidants, flammable gases and liquids and poisonous gases. Transportation, production and storage risk of PHC and potential accidental risk caused by external factors were proposed. Risk source analysis indicates that the probability of damaging and leaking accidents on facilities is 10-1 times/year. In the case of cylinders leakage, leakage rates of SiF4, Cl2 and ClF3 will be 17 g/s, 8 g/s and 8 g/s respectively. Evaporation rates of isopropyl alcohol, HF and HCl acids are 0.09 g/s. 0.38 g/s and 55 g/s respectively. Finally, Overall layout and construction safety measures, safety precautions on dangerous chemical storage and transportation, technology design and automatic control design, and emergency plan to prevent risk accident were also proponed. This work will be helpful for environmental impact assessment on similar industries.
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Ishchenko, Alla. "Chemical safety as a component of general and professional competences in training of future doctors." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 2(41) (March 31, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2021.228123.
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The study analyzes the content of international (project "Harmonization of educational structures in Europe") and Ukrainian (industry standard of higher education field of knowledge 22 "Health Protection", specialty 222 "Medicine") legal documents of training future doctors in the context of modern ideas on chemical safety. The components of chemical safety are identified: understanding of the chemical factor as an integral danger to human health; knowledge of methods of labeling chemicals and products; compliance with the rules and safety measures for working with chemical products throughout the life cycle. The content of the main professional competencies of the second level of medical education of the project "Harmonization of educational structures in Europe", which are related to the application of chemical safety issues in the future professional activity of the future doctor: to consult with the patient; provide emergency medical care in emergencies; apply the principles, skills and knowledge of evidence-based medicine; promote health, to address public health issues and work effectively in the health care system, is revealed.
The general and professional competencies of the future doctor in the field of chemical safety, which are stated in the industry standard of higher education in the field of knowledge 22 "Health Protection ", specialty 222 "Medicine", are established: desire to preserve the environment; ability to carry out sanitary and hygienic and preventive measures; ability to conduct epidemiological and medical-statistical studies of public health; ability to assess the impact of the environment on the health of the population (individual, family, population); ability to implement resource efficiency activities
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Mildwaters, Nyssa, and Danielle Measday. "Silcone-Based Solvents and Emulsions for Cleaning Natural Science Specimens: Case Studies from the Otago Museum and Museums Victoria." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26450.
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Developed by the cosmetics industry, silicone-based solvents such as Cyclomethicone D4 and D5 and emulsifiers Velevsil Plus and KSG 350Z have found useful applications in museum conservation after being pioneered by Richard Wolbers to safety clean acrylic paint films. These products’ unique properties are also applicable for cleaning of natural science specimens. Silicone solvents are volatile and will completely evaporate away from surfaces. They have very low polarity and cannot not solubilise fats or oils, such as natural preen oils found in feathers. Low viscosity gives them the ability to flood a porous surface, such as bone, protecting it from absorbing chemicals and soiling during cleaning. Velevsil Plus and KSG 350Z provide the desirable ability to form an emulsion with water, and or solvents in a silicone based solvent carrier, allowing for the strictly controlled application of water or solvent solutions to the surface of a specimen. This poster will present case studies from the Otago Museum (Dunedin, New Zealand) and Museums Victoria (Melbourne, Australia) investigating the use of these products in cleaning natural science specimens. The experiments include the removal of an aged wax and shellac coating from a Moa (Dinonris sp.) skeleton, the removal of acrylic coatings on extremely moisture sensitive pyritized fossils, and the cleaning of soiled feathers and fur. Issues around sourcing and shipping these specialised products to Australasia will also be discussed. The successful application of paintings conservation techniques to scientific specimens demonstrates the benefits of collaboration between specialisations in conservation for developing new techniques for caring for our collections.
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Sela Saldinger, Shlomo, Victor Rodov, David Kenigsbuch, and Asher Bar-Tal. "Hydroponic Agriculture and Microbial Safety of Vegetables: Promises, Challenges, and Solutions." Horticulturae 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010051.
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Hydroponics is a farming technique for growing plants with mineral nutrients using a soil-free medium. The plant roots are submerged in soil-free media, such as vermiculite or perlite, or just in mineral nutrient solutions. This allows for high production yields throughout the year with less water and agro-chemical inputs. Consequently, hydroponics is considered a sustainable agriculture technology. Hydroponically grown crops are usually protected from the diseases transmitted through soil or animals in open fields. Therefore, they require fewer chemicals for pest control and are safer than conventionally grown crops in terms of possible chemical contamination. Nevertheless, hydroponics guarantees neither plant health nor the microbial safety of fresh produce. In the case of microbial contamination by human pathogens, unlike soil-grown crops, the pathogens may rapidly spread through the circulating water and simultaneously infect all the plants in the facility. This review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge regarding the microbial safety of hydroponically grown crops and discusses the role of the hydroponic system in reducing the microbial hazards for leafy and fruity crops as well as the potential risks for contamination by human pathogens. Finally, it outlines the approaches and the available science-based practices to ensure produce safety. The contamination risk in hydroponic systems may be diminished by using novel planting materials and the appropriate decontamination treatment of a recirculating liquid substrate; by modulating the microbiota interactions; and by following strict phytosanitary measures and workers’ hygienic practices. There is a timely need to adopt measures, such as the Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) guidelines, to mitigate the risks and ensure safe hydroponically grown vegetables for consumers.
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Fedosov, A. V., N. Kh Abdrakhmanov, A. S. Tikhonova, I. R. Danieva, and R. R. Valeeva. "Ensuring safety during operation of a loading and unloading railway overpass at an oil depot." SAFETY OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL SYSTEMS, no. 1 (2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2021-1-51-57.
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Introduction. The analysis shows that one of the main causes of accidents at refineries is the low reliability of process equipment and technological discipline violation. Problem Statement. The objective of this research is to study theoretical foundations of loading and unloading railway overpass operation, to identify hazardous factors and to suggest measures to improve safety during operation of this overpass at the oil depot of Bashneft-roznitsa ООО (limited liability company). Theoretical Part. During loading and unloading operations, many accidents occur annually that pose some risk to workers life and health and cause damage to the ecology and economy of the country. The features of the process are: high pressure, high temperature, the use of dangerous and harmful, toxic chemicals that have a harmful effect on humans. Technical causes of accidents are wear and unreliability of equipment, violation of production discipline. However, there are also organizational causes of accidents, such as poorly organized production control, as well as low level of industrial safety competence of employees. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out measures aimed at improving the reliability of the equipment. The study has also revealed that one of the main technical causes of accidents at oil refining enterprises is the low reliability of technological equipment and violations of production discipline. Conclusion. The paper presents the study on operation of the loading-unloading railway overpass at the oil depot of Bashneft-roznitsa ООО (limited liability company). There have been developed and proposed measures to improve safety during operation of the loading-unloading railway overpass at the oil depot of Bashneft-roznitsa ООО (limited liability company).
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Udartseva, O. V. "The use of information technologies to assess the parameters of environmental safety of technological processes in the agro-industrial complex." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 949, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/949/1/012021.
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Abstract Agro-industry involves the adoption of a set of measures to preserve the harvest. A well-proven method is the treatment of crops with chemicals. The effectiveness of this method is beyond doubt, but the question about the environmental safety of the technological process arises. The lack of environmental monitoring of the spraying system does not allow controlling the incomplete deposition of chemical plant protection products, i.e. soil contamination. As a proposal for solving this problem, an information and software complex equipped with touch sensors has been developed. Sensors are installed on plants and on the soil, which makes it possible to measure the concentrations of precipitated particles during the spraying process, considering environmental safety parameters. The received information is transferred to the system database. The use of an information and software complex, if necessary, allows to make operational decisions on the regulation of the chemicalization process and the preservation of soil quality.
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Babrauskas, Vytenis. "The West, Texas, ammonium nitrate explosion: A failure of regulation." Journal of Fire Sciences 35, no. 5 (September 2017): 396–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904116685723.
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On 17 April 2013, the West Fertilizer Company’s ammonium nitrate storage building exploded, killing 15 persons and injuring over 200. Numerous Federal and State agencies regulated the facility. But none of the agencies demonstrated a viable understanding of what is liable to cause accidental ammonium nitrate explosions, nor what is needed to prevent these. Specifically, none of them recognized the fact that ammonium nitrate fertilizer explosion accidents, when they occur, are inevitably the consequence of an uncontrolled fire and that such fires can be precluded by well-known fire safety measures. In fact, existing regulations have generally focused on everything but features needed to make such storage facilities incapable of sustaining an uncontrolled fire. Ammonium nitrate manufacturers, however, did have technical knowledge concerning safety and were aware of the ineffectiveness of governmental regulations. Espousing proper Product Stewardship principles by the manufacturers would have precluded selling dangerous chemicals to buyers who cannot safely store them.
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Banerjee, Shuvomoy, Suchismita Mitra, Milind Velhal, Vikas Desmukh, and Biswarup Ghosh. "Impact of agrochemicals on the environment and human health: The concerns and remedies." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 26 (December 30, 2021): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2021.v26.010.
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Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are essential aids in current agricultural practice to achieve the growing population's need worldwide. Excessive use of these agrochemicals often exerts toxic effects and imposes acute risks on human health and the surrounding environment. Importantly, they have negative impacts on the farmers during agricultural practice without proper safety measures. When a human comes in contact with these toxic chemicals due to leaching and drifting causes serious health hazards including diabetes, reproductive disorders, neurological dysfunction, cancer, and respiratory diseases. In this paper, we discussed the benefits and adverse effects of agrochemicals on humans and the ecology. Moreover, we also discussed some important remedial measures to reduce the toxic effects in farming. We have mentioned recent state-of-art nanotechnology techniques to improve agricultural research. This paper will give new insights into current farming strategies by which farmers will be able to decrease the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
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Serban, Dragos, Catalin Gabriel Smarandache, Corneliu Tudor, Lucian Nicolae Duta, Ana Maria Dascalu, and Cătălin Aliuș. "Laparoscopic Surgery in COVID-19 Era—Safety and Ethical Issues." Diagnostics 10, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090673.
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(1) Background: The paper aims to review the available evidence regarding the health risk of the aerosolization induced by laparoscopy induced and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic upon minimally invasive surgery. (2) Materials and methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed on PubMed, Medline and Scopus until 10 July. (3) Results: Chemicals, carcinogens and biologically active materials, such as bacteria and viruses, have been isolated in surgical smoke. However, the only evidence of viral transmission through surgical smoke to medical staff is post-laser ablation of HPV-positive genital warts. The reports of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery revealed the presence of the virus, when tested, in digestive wall and stools in 50% of cases but not in bile or peritoneal fluid. All surgeries did not result in contamination of the personnel, when protective measures were applied, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and filtration of the pneumoperitoneum. There are no comparative studies between classical and laparoscopic surgery. (4) Conclusions: Previously published data showed there is a possible infectious and toxic risk related to surgical smoke but not particularly proven for SARS-CoV-2. Implementing standardized filtration systems for smoke evacuation during laparoscopy, although increases costs, is necessary to increase the safety and it will probably remain a routine also in the future.
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Bagdatlı, M. Cüneyt, and Ahmet Mahmut KILIÇ. "OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY RISK ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZED INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN NEVSEHIR PROVINCE OF TURKEY BY FINE-KINNEY METHOD." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i7.2020.722.
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This research has been carried out within the scope of the solutions proposed for the evaluation of occupational safety risk analysis in 10 selected enterprises by random sampling in Organized Industrial Zone of Nevşehir province, Turkey and elimination of risk factors towards the results obtained. In scope of the study, Fine – Kinney method were used as risk assessment methods in each of the food, metal processing, machining and plastic firms. At the end of the study, a total of 122 risk factors have been identified in the whole enterprises. Commonly risks arising from falling from heights, fire, exposure to chemicals, electrical components and ergonomic situation insufficiency have been identified. In addition, risks such as insufficient environmental hygiene, lack of ventilation, excessive noise, inadequate training for emergency situations and insufficient use of protective equipment were determined. The identified risks were put forward by different method approaches and it was concluded that the findings were similar in all methods. The regulations and principles to be applied in order to eliminate or minimize the identified risks were discussed and the dimensions of the preventive measures were exhibited. As a result, audits of organized industrial enterprises related to occupational health and safety need to be conducted more strictly. In addition, the measures should put into practice in order to define identified risks and the issue should be monitored by the experts.
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Grindon, Christina, Robert Combes, Mark T. D. Cronin, David W. Roberts, and John F. Garrod. "Integrated Decision-tree Testing Strategies for Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity with Respect to the Requirements of the EU REACH Legislation." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36, no. 1 (February 2008): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290803600108.
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Liverpool John Moores University and FRAME conducted a research project, sponsored by Defra, on the status of alternatives to animal testing with regard to the European Union REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) system for the safety testing and risk assessment of chemicals. The project covered all the main toxicity endpoints associated with the REACH system. This paper focuses on the prospects for the use of alternative methods (both in vitro and in silico) in developmental and reproductive toxicity testing. It considers many tests based on primary cells and cell lines, and the available expert systems and QSARs for developmental and reproductive toxicity, and also covers tests for endocrine disruption. Ways in which reduction and refinement measures can be used are also discussed, particularly the use of an enhanced one-generation reproductive study, which could potentially replace the two-generation study, and therefore considerably reduce the number of animals required in reproductive toxicity. Decision-tree style integrated testing strategies are also proposed for developmental and reproductive toxicity and for endocrine disruption, followed by a number of recommendations for the future facilitation of developmental and reproductive toxicity testing, with respect to human risk assessment.
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Grindon, Christina, Robert Combes, Mark T. D. Cronin, David W. Roberts, and John F. Garrod. "Integrated Decision-tree Testing Strategies for Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity with Respect to the Requirements of the EU REACH Legislation." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36, no. 1_suppl (October 2008): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290803601s10.
Full textAbstract:
Liverpool John Moores University and FRAME conducted a research project, sponsored by Defra, on the status of alternatives to animal testing with regard to the European Union REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) system for the safety testing and risk assessment of chemicals. The project covered all the main toxicity endpoints associated with the REACH system. This paper focuses on the prospects for the use of alternative methods (both in vitro and in silico) in developmental and reproductive toxicity testing. It considers many tests based on primary cells and cell lines, and the available expert systems and QSARs for developmental and reproductive toxicity, and also covers tests for endocrine disruption. Ways in which reduction and refinement measures can be used are also discussed, particularly the use of an enhanced one-generation reproductive study, which could potentially replace the two-generation study, and therefore considerably reduce the number of animals required in reproductive toxicity. Decision-tree style integrated testing strategies are also proposed for developmental and reproductive toxicity and for endocrine disruption, followed by a number of recommendations for the future facilitation of developmental and reproductive toxicity testing, with respect to human risk assessment.
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Akhter, AHM Taslima, SK Shaheenur Islam, Md Abu Sufian, Monowar Hossain, Shah Md Mahfuzur Rahman, SM Lutful Kabir, Md Gias Uddin, Shah Monir Hossin, and Md Mehedi Hossain. "Implementation of code of practices (CoP) in selected poultry farms of Bangladesh." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 2, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v2i2.55911.
Full textAbstract:
The overuse of antibiotics, chemicals and as well as lack of farm biosecurity and good hygiene practices in poultry production are considered to be contributors for occurring foodborne illness and many significant public health threats reported in both developed and developing countries nowadays. Considering the above, a piloted food safety activity was implemented jointly by the Department of Livestock Services and FAO-Food Safety program, Bangladesh in twenty-five selected poultry (broiler) dense subdistricts of the country. Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) related five (microbial) plus five (chemical) Code of Practices (CoP) were adopted at the farm level (N=500) through farmers’ motivation and intensive participatory training program. It was found that average production cost reduces, the feed conversion ratio decreases and mortality rate decreases that convince increase farm profitability in the best-practiced farms (n=81). In conclusion, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) through certifying key control measures can increase profitability in broiler farming and CoP adapted farms found to be less public health hazardous than non-CoP farms in light of food safety and public health grounds.
Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 45-55
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Lee, Hye-Won, Jeong-In Jeon, Hui-Been Lim, Kwi-Bok Lee, So-Yeon Park, and Cheol-Min Lee. "A Preliminary Research Study for Distribution Characteristics and Sources of Indoor Air Pollutants in the Valuable Archive of the National Library of Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041715.
Full textAbstract:
Important records can be damaged directly and indirectly. Their restoration, if possible, is difficult as it is very time-consuming and costly. Although measures have been taken to permanently preserve records, most studies focus on preventing short-term damage from physical or biological factors and not on preventive measures against chemical damage from long-term polluted air exposure. This study investigated the types, concentrations, and distribution characteristics of hazardous chemicals present in the valuable archive of the National Library of Korea (NLK) and identified the sources of these pollutants. Mean SO2, NOX, CO, CO2, and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations were 1.49 ± 0.44 ppb, 30.52 ± 19.70 ppb, 0.75 ± 0.21 ppm, 368.91 ± 32.23 ppm, and 320.03 ± 44.20 µg/m3, respectively, meeting the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS) of Korea standards. Toluene (66.43 ± 10.69 µg/m3) and acetaldehyde (157.23 ± 6.43 µg/m3) were present at the highest concentrations, respectively. Two principal components were extracted via a principal component analysis; the primary component (66%) was closely related to outdoor pollution sources and the secondary component (33%) to indoor sources. Results contribute to establishing air quality standards and management measures for preservation of this archive.
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Osimitz, Thomas G., and Wiebke Droege. "Quaternary ammonium compounds: perspectives on benefits, hazards, and risk." Toxicology Research and Application 5 (January 2021): 239784732110490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23978473211049085.
Full textAbstract:
Quaternary ammonium compounds are antimicrobial chemicals that provide significant public health benefits by controlling bacteria and viruses that cause infections such as colds, flu, and COVID. The benefits of antimicrobial QACs are seen in increased quality-of-life measures, such as reduced time away from work and school and reduced medical costs. As active antimicrobial agents, QACs and QAC-containing consumer and professional products are highly regulated by authorities such as the US Environmental Protection Agency and the European Chemicals Agency. A complete database of guideline safety studies, covering human and environmental health, is available and has been reviewed by multiple regulatory agencies globally. The conclusions of regulatory agencies from these studies indicate no concerns regarding reproductive effects, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, or other systemic adverse effects. In contrast, some published academic studies provide mixed findings on lipid synthesis, reproductive effects, and asthma. However, many of these studies have been found not to be robust in design and lacked appropriate controls to support conclusions of a clear and direct association with an adverse effect. The hazard data for the QACs show that their primary critical effects are point-of-contact effects such as irritation, which exhibit a threshold and occur in a dose–response manner. This review compares toxicity information for QACs, examines human exposures, and quantifies the risks estimated from QAC product use. QACs are an important cleaning and hygiene tool, and the abundance of safety data generated for them provides assurance they can be safely used in professional and household products.