Journal articles on the topic 'Chemicals - Safety measures'
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1
KITANO, Masaru. "OECD's safety measures for chemicals." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 16, no. 10 (1987): 690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.16.690.
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Arai, Shinichi. "Measures Concerning the Safety of Chemicals in the Environment." Japan journal of water pollution research 9, no. 9 (1986): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.9.555.
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Moraru, Roland Iosif, Mihai Popescu-Stelea, and Gabriel Bujor Bǎbuţ. "Chemical risk ranking and evaluation: case study in a paint manufacturing company." MATEC Web of Conferences 373 (2022): 00001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237300001.
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As economies grow and the use of chemicals becomes more and more widespread, the adoption of effective control measures allows for safer use of chemicals on an industrial scale. Chemical hazards can have severe negative consequences for both the health of employees, the safety of personnel and facilities (fire and explosion risk) and the environment. To characterize them, it is necessary to combine the inherent hazards associated to chemicals with their conditions of use that may generate emissions and exposures. Various methods, both qualitative and quantitative are available worldwide for chemical risk assessment, but unfortunately in Romania this important aspect is treated in a minimalist manner, which can often be considered as insufficiently rigorous. In this perspective, the present paper aims to validate through a practical case study conducted in a Romanian paint manufacturing company, the application of a simplified method of chemical risks prioritization and assessment. The obtained results allowed the substantiation of the control measures of these risks, being also able to constitute an instrument of raising awareness for all the interested parties (occupational safety and health inspectors, managers, safety officers, supervisors, workers), in the effective management of the chemical risks.
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Zhao, Laijun, Ying Qian, Qing-Mi Hu, Ran Jiang, Meiting Li, and Xulei Wang. "An Analysis of Hazardous Chemical Accidents in China between 2006 and 2017." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082935.
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From the perspective of characteristics and causes, probability and forecast, and safety management evaluation, this paper analyzes 3974 hazardous chemical casualty accidents that occurred between 2006 and 2017 in China. The trends, monthly and hourly distributions, lifecycles, chemical and accident types, and the direct and indirect causes of casualty accidents are analyzed first. To estimate the probability of casualty accidents, the Poisson regression model is employed. The time series model is developed to forecast the number of casualty accidents. The safety management of hazardous chemicals is evaluated based on an inverted U-shaped curve that fits the relationship between the number of casualty accidents and petrochemical industry outputs. Moreover, measures for improving the safety management of hazardous chemicals are provided based on the analysis, forecast, and evaluation. The results show that the probability of 200–600 casualty accidents occurring per year in China is 59.10%. Sixteen of thirty provinces are identified as having better safety management with regard to hazardous chemicals.
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Bu, Quan Min, Zhan Jun Wang, and Xing Tong. "Research on Cause Analysis and Safety Management for Road Transportation Accidents of Dangerous Chemicals." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 2282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.2282.
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With increasing transport amount of dangerous chemicals, the number of transportation accidents also rises, thus safe transport of dangerous chemicals becomes more critical. In this article, existing problems in dangerous chemicals transportation and corresponding reasons are analyzed. Through combination of domestic and foreign advanced technology and national conditions, control strategies and measures for safe transportation of dangerous chemicals are studied in depth, in is proposed that preventive measures need to be taken. The preventive measures include establishing a management system, risk early warning mechanism and transport information platform which are based on modern information technology, establishing transport industry standard, ensuring good security propaganda work, setting emergency and consultation service system, carrying out special rectification work for transportation safety, so as to ensure scientific, reasonable and effective control of dangerous chemicals transport, reduce and avoid related accidents.
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Abd Ali, Ali, Naser Shaalan, Wedad Al-Dahhan, Nany Hairunisa, and Emad Yousif. "A Technical Evaluation of a Chemistry Laboratory: A Step Forward For Maintaining Safety Measures." Oriental Journal of Physical Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojps02.01.06.
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Chemistry laboratories have been classified as dangerous workplaces as many hazardous chemicals are used within. Some of these chemicals have a high risk score and dealing with them without taking into considerations any potential damage to properties/people is absolutely unprofessional and irresponsible. In this regard, in order to offer a reasonable protection for people and facilities, we deduce a feasible safety practice based on our thorough evaluation for one of the chemistry laboratories in our academic institution (Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Women, Baghdad University). This evaluation revealed that safety precautions must be always adopted within any chemistry laboratory and safety officer must regularly inspect laboratories to check their compliance with safety standards. Herein, we present our evaluation, and observations as well as thoughts to promote this chemistry laboratory in terms of safety measures.
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Idris, M. A., and S. Chelliapan. "Assessment of safety control measures for centralized Chlorine gas system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1143, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1143/1/012025.
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Abstract As a glove manufacturing plant, the chemical is one of the most highly used materials. Some chemicals impact human health, environmental aspects, and physical hazards such as highly flammable gas. Chlorine gas is one of them. Besides the accidental release of chlorine gas incidents, ill-health issues are another aspect that should be taken care of. This study aims to determine the current chlorine concentration at a centralized chlorine gas manifold system in a rubber glove manufacturing plant and evaluate the existing safety control measures. A concept of safety by design, inherently safety, and the fail-safe system was considered during the study. The results show that the chlorine concentration level during drum replacement by the crew is at an average of 1.154 ppm and the standard deviation at 0.3478. The highest concentration was at 1.8 ppm. The wet scrubber assessment was done using the Industrial Ventilation and visual assessments and measurements within the system, including capture velocity, face velocity, and duct velocity or transport velocity. Other assessed parameters are total pressure, static pressure, and velocity pressure. The assessment found that the duct performance for all parameters complies with a minimum requirement of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) guidelines.
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Prodanchuk, M. G., O. P. Kravchuk, N. V. Kurdil, V. A. Raks, V. S. Mikhailov, and P. V. Aleinov. "Reference Centre for Identification and Control of Chemicals: Role and Place in the National System of Chemical Safety." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 89, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2020-89-2-14-19.
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In 2014 Ukraine accepted the OSCE proposal to develop an Integrated Chemical Safety and Security Program in Ukraine (ICSSP) aiming to develop a collaborative framework between the Ukrainian partners, the OSCE and the international partners for an effective and coordinated actions to ensure chemical safety and security. The main goal of the ICSSP program is to improve Ukraine’s ability to prevent, prepare for and respond to inappropriate handling of chemicals.Effective chemical safety will help to increase the level of protection of chemical materials, associated facilities and vehicles. ICSSP also had to ensure the implementation of modern solutions and coordinated approaches to strengthen the protection of critical infrastructure in Ukraine. A comprehensive review, conducted as the first step in the implementation of ICSSP, showed that the program should be aimed at introducing national activities in the field of chemical safety by a wide range of national authorities with a focus on the development of legislative and administrative measures for the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 in the chemical industry. Realization of the program objectives will provide: — creating a national (regional) Reference Centre for Identification and Control of Chemicals, able to make expert conclusions regarding hazardous chemicals and precursors quickly and reliably; — expanding opportunities to detect chemicals, conduct toxicological studies, including for the purpose of export control and forensic investigations, and the possibility to clarify the nature and characteristics of “unknown” chemicals; — improving capabilities of regional network of chemical analytical laboratories to identify toxic chemicals and ability to conduct joint research, as well as to train laboratory personnel and to exchange good laboratory practices. The National Reference Centre can serve as a model laboratory and national (regional) training platform for the dissemination of knowledge and best practices.It can help to solve regional problems, because the neighbouring countries Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan and even some EU countries also need such assistance. Key Words: chemical safety, Reference Centre, preventive toxicology.
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Ishchenko, A., N. Stuchynska, L. Haiova, and E. Shchepanskiy. "Chemical safety in the context of environmental goals of sustainable development." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 915, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/915/1/012032.
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Abstract The aim of the article is to carry out a systematic analysis of the components of chemical safety in the context of the environmental aspect of sustainable development goals and to identify those components with the help of competent health professionals. Hazardous chemicals can travel for long distances, be accumulated in the environment as well as cause adverse effects on human health through food chains. The action of toxicants of inorganic and organic nature occurs due to the violation of metabolic processes, inhibition of enzymes, and biotransformation of xenobiotics into more toxic compounds. Physicians must be clearly aware of the relationship in the “toxicant-pathology” system; understand the molecular mechanisms of the hazardous chemicals action; use terminology regarding toxicological characteristics of toxicants; conduct educational, treatment, and prevention activities among the population; acquire information on regulations governing the management of chemical compounds. The next component of chemical safety is the knowledge of approaches to chemical labeling and safety measures for working with chemical products throughout their life cycle. Proper interpretation of the type and level of hazard will enable taking necessary precautions and following relevant safety rules while working with chemical products.
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Li, Yizhe. "Enhancing Hazardous Chemical Management in Chinese University Laboratories: Strategies for Safety and Efficiency." Journal of Electronic Research and Application 8, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jera.v8i1.5980.
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This paper examines the management of hazardous chemicals in Chinese university laboratories, identifying keychallenges and proposing improvements. It reviews current practices and safety measures, highlighting deficiencies suchas inadequate safety systems and insufficient awareness among personnel. The study emphasizes the necessity of tailoredsafety management systems, the integration of digital tracking technologies like Radio Frequency Identification, andenhanced safety training for staff. The proposed recommendations aim to mitigate risks and enhance laboratory safety andefficiency. In conclusion, the paper asserts that a comprehensive approach, encompassing improved management systems,technological advancements, and educational initiatives, is essential for safer chemical handling in academic researchenvironments
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Lin, Hui Dan, and Geng Jun Gao. "Applied Research of Fault Tree Analysis Method of Liquefaction Dangerous Goods Safety Management in the Yangtze River Water Transportation." Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.343.
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In recent years, with the rapid development of petroleum, chemical and energy industry around the Yangtze River, the variety and quantity transportation of dangerous chemicals has also dramatically increased through Yangtze River. This paper applies fault tree analysis method of specific LPG to obtain problems existing in the Yangtze river water transportation safety management and according to these series of problem, it puts forward some relevant management measures, hoping to minimum the possibility and damage of potential risk accident so as to the risk control measures more scientific, strict and meticulous.
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Khamidulina, Kh Kh. "SOME PROPOSALS ON REGULATION OF HIGHLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS IN ARTICLES." Health risk analysis, no. 3 (September 2023): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.02.
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When developing safety regulations for chemicals, the international society is constantly searching for safer analogues of highly hazardous chemicals to use as alternatives in various products. Within the Scientific Research Work under the State Pro-gram ‘Provision of Chemical and Biological Safety in 2021–2024’, The Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of Rospotrebnadzor has developed a concept on replacement of highly hazardous chemicals in various products (food products, synthetic detergents and household chemicals, pesticides, paints and varnishes, basic chemicals) with their safer analogues. Still, we should highlight that regulation of highly hazardous chemicals in articles has not been developed sufficiently in the RF. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to provide scientific substantiation for criteria and rules for assigning chemicals in articles as prohibited and (or) restricted. Materials this study is based on are represented by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, EEC and the EU (in particular, Decrees, Resolutions, Technical Regulations, Directives, Regulations, etc. in the field of safe management of substances of concern), as well as domestic and international databases, scientific articles and monographs containing information on the toxic properties of chemicals. In order to develop effective measures to minimize the risk of exposure to chemicals in articles and their safe management at all stages of a life cycle, the study provides substantiation of criteria and rules for assigning chemicals in articles as prohibited and (or) restricted and proposes a mechanism for the creation of a National list of chemicals of concern in articles. When created, this List will allow monitoring of their circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation, proper waste disposal, and stimulating research work to find alternatives.
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Khamidulina, Kh Kh, E. V. Tarasova, А. K. Nazarenko, D. N. Rabikova, А. S. Proskurina, and I. V. Zamkova. "Some proposals on regulation of highly hazardous chemicals in articles." Health risk analysis, no. 3 (September 2023): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.3.02.eng.
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When developing safety regulations for chemicals, the international society is constantly searching for safer analogues of highly hazardous chemicals to use as alternatives in various products. Within the Scientific Research Work under the State Program ‘Provision of Chemical and Biological Safety in 2021–2024’, The Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of Rospotrebnadzor has developed a concept on replacement of highly hazardous chemicals in various products (food products, synthetic detergents and household chemicals, pesticides, paints and varnishes, basic chemicals) with their safer analogues. Still, we should highlight that regulation of highly hazardous chemicals in articles has not been developed sufficiently in the RF. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to provide scientific substantiation for criteria and rules for assigning chemicals in articles as prohibited and (or) restricted. Materials this study is based on are represented by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, EEC and the EU (in particular, Decrees, Resolutions, Technical Regulations, Directives, Regulations, etc. in the field of safe management of substances of concern), as well as domestic and international databases, scientific articles and monographs containing information on the toxic properties of chemicals. In order to develop effective measures to minimize the risk of exposure to chemicals in articles and their safe management at all stages of a life cycle, the study provides substantiation of criteria and rules for assigning chemicals in articles as prohibited and (or) restricted and proposes a mechanism for the creation of a National list of chemicals of concern in articles. When created, this List will allow monitoring of their circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation, proper waste disposal, and stimulating research work to find alternatives.
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Ponamarev, V. S. "OECD Chemicals Testing Regulation: validity for toxicological studies." Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, no. 4 (January 26, 2024): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2023.4.119.
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In order to validate the methods used to determine the toxicity of drugs, researchers usually turn to the most authoritative scientific literature, the system of state standards, or alternative systems. One of them is the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) regulations on testing chemicals. The article provides a brief analysis of the OECD regulations for testing chemicals (in particular, Chapter 2 “Effects on Biotic Systems” and Chapter 4 “Effects on Health”), which is a set of internationally recognized specifications for testing chemicals approved by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and development. The basic principles of conducting an experiment, the requirements for biological models for research, and the general system for assessing a particular type of toxicity were assessed. The main benefit of applying the OECD regulation in the context of toxicological studies is that it ensures uniformity of approaches and methodology in assessing chemical safety at the international level. This facilitates the comparison of research results, as well as the exchange of information between countries and organizations. Data quality control and adherence to GLP principles also provide confidence in research results, which is the basis for decision-making in chemical regulation and the protection of human, animal and environmental health. In general, OECD regulations in the context of toxicological research play an important role in ensuring safety and protecting public health and the environment. It provides standards and recommendations that facilitate the effective assessment of chemical safety and the development of appropriate measures to ensure it.
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KUDERINA, Assiya, Ilyas KUDERIN, Dauren BEKEZHANOV, Bolat AITIMOV, Dana NURBEK, and Indira AMREEVA. "Environmental and Legal Regulation of the Handling of Chemicals." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.2(50).06.
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The implementation of a set of measures aimed at consistently reducing the negative impact of hazardous chemical factors on the population and the environment to an acceptable level of risk provides for the development and analysis of the experience of the European Union and its member States in the field of chemical management, as well as the development of recommendations for improving legislation and other regulatory legal acts on environmental protection from chemical pollution. To this end, the article presents the rationale and conceptual approaches to the formation of legislation in the field of chemical safety within the framework of state policy. The most important aspect in the formation of legislation is the global nature of chemical safety problems, in this connection, the article points to the need to bring the law in this area closer to partners in economic cooperation and integration. Taking into account the focus of future laws on reducing the level of negative impact of hazardous chemicals on the population and the environment, the legal and political consequences of their implementation are outlined.
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Nwankwo Constance Obiuto, Kehinde Andrew Olu-lawal, Emmanuel Chigozie Ani, Ejike David gwuanyi, and Nwakamma Ninduwezuor-Ehiobu. "Chemical management in electronics manufacturing: Protecting worker health and the environment." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (March 30, 2024): 010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0648.
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In the realm of electronics manufacturing, the management of chemicals is paramount to safeguarding both worker health and environmental sustainability. This review delves into the strategies and challenges associated with chemical management within this industry. The utilization of various chemicals in electronics manufacturing processes presents potential hazards to both workers and the environment. From cleaning agents to solvents and fluxes, these substances pose risks ranging from acute toxicity to long-term health effects and environmental contamination. Effective chemical management strategies are therefore indispensable. This review discusses the proactive measures implemented by electronics manufacturers to mitigate these risks. It explores the adoption of alternative, less hazardous chemicals and the implementation of engineering controls to minimize exposure. Additionally, stringent protocols for handling, storage, and disposal are essential components of comprehensive chemical management programs. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks play a pivotal role in shaping chemical management practices within the electronics manufacturing sector. Compliance with local and international regulations such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals) and RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) is imperative to ensure the safety of workers and the environment. However, despite these efforts, challenges persist. Balancing the need for innovation and productivity with chemical safety requirements remains a significant challenge for manufacturers. Additionally, global supply chain complexities add another layer of complexity to chemical management efforts. Effective chemical management in electronics manufacturing demands a multi-faceted approach encompassing technological innovation, regulatory compliance, and a commitment to worker health and environmental stewardship. By addressing these challenges collaboratively, the industry can strive towards safer and more sustainable practices.
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Lovas, Szabolcs, Károly Nagy, János Sándor, and Balázs Ádám. "Presumed Exposure to Chemical Pollutants and Experienced Health Impacts among Warehouse Workers at Logistics Companies: A Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 7052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137052.
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During intercontinental shipping, freight containers and other closed transport devices are applied. These closed spaces can be polluted with various harmful chemicals that may accumulate in poorly ventilated environments. The major pollutants are residues of pesticides used for fumigation as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from the goods. While handling cargos at logistics companies, workers can be exposed to these pollutants, frequently without adequate occupational health and safety precautions. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among potentially exposed warehouse workers and office workers as controls at Hungarian logistics companies (1) to investigate the health effects of chemical pollutants occurring in closed spaces of transportation and storage and (2) to collect information about the knowledge of and attitude toward workplace chemical exposures as well as the occupational health and safety precautions applied. Pre-existing medical conditions did not show any significant difference between the working groups. Numbness or heaviness in the arms and legs (AOR = 3.99; 95% CI = 1.72–9.26) and dry cough (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.09–4.93) were significantly associated with working in closed environments of transportation and storage, while forgetfulness (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.18–0.87), sleep disturbances (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.17–0.78), and tiredness after waking up (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.20–0.79) were significantly associated with employment in office. Warehouse workers who completed specific workplace health and safety training had more detailed knowledge related to this workplace chemical issue (AOR = 8.18; 95% CI = 3.47–19.27), and they were significantly more likely to use certain preventive measures. Warehouse workers involved in handling cargos at logistics companies may be exposed to different chemical pollutants, and the related health risks remain unknown if the presence of these chemicals is not recognized. Applied occupational health and safety measures at logistics companies are not adequate enough to manage this chemical safety issue, which warrants awareness raising and the introduction of effective preventive strategies to protect workers’ health at logistics companies.
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Khamidulina, Khalidya Khizbulaevna, Elena Vladimirovna Tarasova, Andrey Konstantinovich Nazarenko, Dinara Nurullaevna Rabikova, and Angelina Sergeevna Proskurina. "Proposals for improving the methodic and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical safety." Toxicological Review 31, no. 4 (August 30, 2023): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-214-225.
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Introduction. In accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 11, 2019 No. 97 “On the basis of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical and biological safety” until 2025 and beyond” the priority areas include monitoring chemical and biological risks, improving regulatory framework and public administration. In terms of improving legal regulation and public administration, development and application of documents that provide mandatory requirements for chemical products in the Russian Federation are among the priorities.
Material and methods. The regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, EEC and the EU (in particular, Decrees, Resolutions, Technical Regulations, Directives, Regulations, etc. in the field of safe management of substances of concern), as well as domestic and international databases, scientific articles and monographs containing information on the toxic properties of chemicals are used as materials. The methodology of the work consisted in a comparative analysis of approaches to the regulation of highly hazardous chemicals by international organizations, the Russian Federation, the European Union and its states, the USA, Canada.
Results and discussions. The article presents the main provisions of the concept for the replacement of highly hazardous chemicals in products with safe analogues; scientifically substantiated national list of chemicals of concern, containing 1480 items, including 630 mutagens, 320 carcinogens, 271 reprotoxicants, 502 endocrine disruptors; criteria for classifying substances as candidates for prohibition and (or) restriction. The proposals for amending the methodological and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical safety are formulated.
Conclusion. In order to develop effective measures to minimize the risk of exposure to chemicals and safe management, including prohibition and (or) restriction, it is advisable:
introduction of a national list of chemicals of concern into the methodological and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union;
creation of state monitoring of highly hazardous chemicals in products at all stages of the life cycle from raw materials to production and consumption waste with the direct involvement of manufacturers;
formation and maintenance of the register of emissions and discharges;
coding of waste according to hazardous properties (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reprotoxicity, impact on the endocrine system) and its inclusion as a classification feature in the Federal Classification Catalog of Waste;
search and evaluation of alternatives for highly hazardous chemicals.
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Moraru, Roland Iosif, and Mihai Popescu-Stelea. "Chemical Risk Assessment in a Selected Romanian Stainless Steel Processing Company." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2022-0027.
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Abstract The production and use of chemicals are continuously increasing worldwide. For example, the global output of chemicals increased approximately 12 times between 1970 and 2020. The burden of disease attributable to exposure to chemicals is significant. World Health Organization estimates that globally, about 5 million deaths and 90 million disability - adjusted life years are attributable to occupational, environmental exposure and management. Public authorities and employers need access to reliable information on chemicals and practical, widely-accepted risk assessment methods in order to effectively control and minimize this threat. To support the management of chemical substances in small and mediumsized enterprises, the UK Health and Safety Executive developed the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Essentials (COSHH Essentials), a control banding technique that determines the management method by assigning the qualitative work environment characteristics of the enterprises to a hazard and exposure prediction band. Qualitative tools were used for assessing the risk of these chemicals, creating solutions, and implementing control measures in various industrial fields. The present paper synthesizes the results of an extensive research study, dedicated to the evaluation of chemical risks within a Romanian company which has as object of activity the mechanical processing of steel laminates and their treatment by methods of electrochemical deposition of hard chromium / electrochemical nickel plating. The application of the simplified health, safety and environmental risk assessment methodology developed by the French National Security Research Institute (INRS) was considered to be the most appropriate in the preliminary phase of identifying and prioritizing the risks associated with chemicals used in technological processes in selected company. Based on the obtained results, the prevention and protection plan regarding the chemical risks was elaborated, the implementation of which led to the reduction of the workers’ exposure and to the minimization of the probability and severity of the potential consequences.
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Molander, Linda, and Alison K. Cohen. "EU and US Regulatory Approaches to Information on Chemicals in Products: Implications for Consumers." European Journal of Risk Regulation 3, no. 4 (December 2012): 521–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00002440.
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Information dissemination across the supply chain to consumers about chemicals’ hazardous properties and presence in consumer products has been recognized as insufficient to improve to enable both producers and end-users to avoid hazardous chemicals and to manage risks to human health and the environment. A comparative analysis of the information requirements in four EU legislations (the CLP, the Cosmetics regulation, REACH, and the Toys Safety Directive) and three US legislations (California's Proposition 65 and Senate Bill 509, and the national TSCA) was conducted with the aim of studying to what extent existing regulatory information approaches require information to be disseminated to consumers. In general, the European legislations address and promote consumers’ access to information on chemicals in products more comprehensively than the American legislations, but the amount and type of information required to be disseminated to consumers varies widely. These differences include which chemicals are prioritised, if the chemical is used in a mixture or an article, what information dissemination strategies are used, and who is responsible for consumers accessing the information. It is recommended that chemical information policies should, at minimum, require chemical suppliers to inform consumers of hazardous chemicals present in their products and, if possible, recommend risk management measures to ensure a safe use of consumer products.
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Chen, Jiahui, Guangya Zhou, Jiayang Xie, Minjia Wang, Yanting Ding, Shuxian Chen, Sijing Xia, Xiaojun Deng, Qin Chen, and Bing Niu. "Dairy Safety Prediction Based on Machine Learning Combined with Chemicals." Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 5 (August 7, 2020): 664–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406415666191004142810.
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Background: Dairy safety has caused widespread concern in society. Unsafe dairy products have threatened people's health and lives. In order to improve the safety of dairy products and effectively prevent the occurrence of dairy insecurity, countries have established different prevention and control measures and safety warnings. Objective: The purpose of this study is to establish a dairy safety prediction model based on machine learning to determine whether the dairy products are qualified. Methods: The 34 common items in the dairy sampling inspection were used as features in this study. Feature selection was performed on the data to obtain a better subset of features, and different algorithms were applied to construct the classification model. Results: The results show that the prediction model constructed by using a subset of features including “total plate”, “water” and “nitrate” is superior. The SN, SP and ACC of the model were 62.50%, 91.67% and 72.22%, respectively. It was found that the accuracy of the model established by the integrated algorithm is higher than that by the non-integrated algorithm. Conclusion: This study provides a new method for assessing dairy safety. It helps to improve the quality of dairy products, ensure the safety of dairy products, and reduce the risk of dairy safety.
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Adje, David U., Chisom Judith Anyalebechi, and Felicia E. Williams. "Safety measures in the workplace: a case study of Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) vehicle plate manufacturing plant, Ojodu – Lagos, Nigeria." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 14, no. 2 (March 25, 2024): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v14i2.52192.
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Introduction: Hazards associated with vehicle number plate manufacturing processes in developing countries have not been well elucidated. There is a need to investigate hazards in the vehicle number plate manufacturing plant. The study aimed to identify self-reported hazards in the vehicle plate manufacturing factory, explore their effect on workers’ health and recommend mitigation strategies. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of workers in the vehicle plate manufacturing plant was done to identify hazards, protective measures and self-reported effects on workers’ health. Biochemical analysis of blood samples was also done and outliers were noted. ANOVA test was performed to determine differences in mean values of selected biochemical parameters. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Exposure to toxic chemicals 38(69%), excessive noise 36 (65%) and heat 28 (51%) were the major hazards in the factory. Major health problems were stress and fatigue 41 (71%), skin disorders 28 (51%), respiratory problems 18 (33%) and hearing loss 16 (29%). More than one quarter, 17 (30 %) of the workers admitted not using personal protective equipment (PPE) regularly. Periodic medical tests were not done for 13 (24%) of the workers. Potassium (3%), Urea (10%), Creatinine (7%), Aspartate transaminase (18%) and Alanine transaminase (8%) were elevated among the workers but no significant association could be established between elevated levels and work post. Conclusion: Workers in the plate number manufacturing plant were mostly exposed to toxic chemicals and noise. Elevated electrolyte levels cut across departments. There is a need for better enforcement of safety rules, and periodic medical examinations should be conducted more consistently.
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Korol, E. A., E. N. Degaev, and M. O. Bakanov. "Evaluation of the Eficiency of Measures to Improve Working Conditions and Occupational Safety at the Concrete Plants." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 1 (January 2024): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2024-1-51-55.
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More than 30 types of raw materials are used in the production of portland cement, which are divided into four main categories: calcium, silica, alumina, iron. Cement dust is toxic and can cause allergies, impaired lung function, pneumoconiosis, lung, stomach and colon cancer. In addition, in winter period, antifreeze additives consisting of various chemicals are added to the concrete mixture. Human exposure to these chemicals occurs through the direct contact of employees with a hazardous substance or indirect contact through the air. As a result, the skin, eyes and respiratory tract may be irritated or damaged. Long-term exposure may cause dermatitis or asthma. In this regard, a concrete plant automation system is considered, built on the basis of modern technical solutions, hardware technologies and software, which allows improving the working conditions of the concrete plant employees. Automation of the technological processes at a concrete plant helps to increase production efficiency and minimize the risks of negative impacts on human health by reducing the number of employees who have direct contact with the cement dust and other chemicals. Considering the parameters: cost savings, return on investment, labor productivity, costs, etc., the economic efficiency of production and measures to improve working conditions and safety was assessed. Efficiency calculation showed that labor productivity increases by 50 %. Automation of the processes allowed, without changingthe production volume, to reduce the number of employees at the site in question by 4 people, ease the work of operators by eliminating the manual control panel, and improve air quality through the installation of carbon filters. With a total one-time cost of 11 200 000 rubles for upgrading equipment, purchasing software and installing carbon filters, the payback period will be 3 years, which proves the high efficiency of capital investments in automating the production processes of a concrete plant.
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Ishchenko, Alla. "Chemical safety as a component of general and professional competences in training of future doctors." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 2(41) (March 31, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2021.228123.
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The study analyzes the content of international (project "Harmonization of educational structures in Europe") and Ukrainian (industry standard of higher education field of knowledge 22 "Health Protection", specialty 222 "Medicine") legal documents of training future doctors in the context of modern ideas on chemical safety. The components of chemical safety are identified: understanding of the chemical factor as an integral danger to human health; knowledge of methods of labeling chemicals and products; compliance with the rules and safety measures for working with chemical products throughout the life cycle. The content of the main professional competencies of the second level of medical education of the project "Harmonization of educational structures in Europe", which are related to the application of chemical safety issues in the future professional activity of the future doctor: to consult with the patient; provide emergency medical care in emergencies; apply the principles, skills and knowledge of evidence-based medicine; promote health, to address public health issues and work effectively in the health care system, is revealed.
The general and professional competencies of the future doctor in the field of chemical safety, which are stated in the industry standard of higher education in the field of knowledge 22 "Health Protection ", specialty 222 "Medicine", are established: desire to preserve the environment; ability to carry out sanitary and hygienic and preventive measures; ability to conduct epidemiological and medical-statistical studies of public health; ability to assess the impact of the environment on the health of the population (individual, family, population); ability to implement resource efficiency activities
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Miller, S. E., and D. N. Howel. "Laboratory Safety For the Electron and Correlative Microscopist." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 1186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600019255.
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Laboratory safety in a diagnostic electron microscopy (EM) laboratory that deals with potentially infectious specimens is a complex issue. The risk of infection of laboratory personnel is an obvious concern, particularly in laboratories, such as diagnostic virology laboratories, which handle infected tissues and body fluids on a routine basis. A second hazard is introduced by the multitude of toxic, corrosive, and irritating chemical reagents required for the preparation of samples for EM. Physical hazards inherent in the complex machinery necessary for EM and other forms of microscopy must also not be overlooked. Attention to each of these concerns must be orchestrated over the course of a multistep process that often lasts several days. Success in this endeavor is facilitated by a comprehensive quality control program encompassing personnel, specimens, chemicals, and equipment.The foundation for safe handling of samples in the clinical laboratory is the principle of universal precautions, under which all blood, other body fluids, and tissues are considered potentially infectious and handled using appropriate protective measures.
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Durairaj, Alagar Raja, Surya Rao Rao Venkata Mahipathy, Manimaran Ramachandran, and Narayanamurthy Sundaramurthy. "A study of unusual burns at a tertiary burn unit: a prospective study." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 12 (November 25, 2017): 3980. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175396.
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Background: Unusual burns are not uncommon. They occur in the industrial as well as the domestic side. These are mainly burns due to chemicals, tar, fire walk and lightning burns. These burns occur as a result of improper handling of chemicals with poor safety measures or due to accidents. Here, we discuss about these burns, their epidemiology with treatment and preventive measures.Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care burn centre for a period of two years from Jan 2009 to Jan 2011. Forty-four patients with unusual burns were admitted and evaluated with a thorough history and clinical examination. Initial resuscitation was done followed by specific therapy in each of the cases.Results: The forty-four patients with unusual burns were categorized into chemical burns, lightning burns, tar burn, camphor burns, fire walk burns and miscellaneous types. These burns mostly involved adult males and were generally due to domestic reasons. 93% were due to accidents of which most of them were of the miscellaneous type (83%).Conclusions: Unusual burns are an important to know as these are occurring with regular frequency in the present days. These burns are usually accidental occurring in industries and in household setups. Proper education and safety measures could reduce the incidence of these unusual burns.
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Dvoinikova, A. V., and I. A. Yagovtseva. "THE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER OF THE CITY OF TYUMEN." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2018-2-106-109.
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Currently, the hydrosphere is facing serious anthropogenic impact which prevents water from self-purification. The imperfection of technological processes, outdated water disposal communi-cations, inadequate amounts of chemicals for water treatment are the main problems of poor quality of drinking water. In the laboratory of ecological and industrial safety of Industrial University of Tyumen physical and chemical parameters of tap water in different areas of Tyumen have been studied and measures have been proposed to improve the quality of drinking water.
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Desai, Nikunjkumar. "O-160 ADVANCING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY: EMPLOYEE LED PARTICIPATORY ACTION FOR CHEMICAL/DUST EXPOSURE REDUCTION PROJECTS." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0876.
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Abstract Introduction Chemical and dust exposure poses significant health risks to workers, leading to respiratory issues, skin irritations, and chronic illnesses. To address these challenges, employees initiated Chemical and Dust Exposure Reduction (CDER) projects under a continuous workplace excellence initiative aimed at minimizing these threats. Methodology CDER projects implemented in 46 plants in identified plants, categorized into CMR, Dust, HTM, and other chemicals projects. Tailored reduction methods, including engineering controls and cutting-edge technologies, were deployed to address specific challenges. Real time monitoring enabled swift responses to potential risks. Interventions: Key interventions involved substituting hazardous chemicals with safer alternatives, fostering a secure work environment. Success in reduction methods was reinforced by comprehensive communication programs empowering employees to adopt safety practices effectively. Safety protocols were reinforced to ensure the safe and efficient application of these reduction methods. Regular equipment maintenance and calibration were implemented to sustain optimal performance. Results Out of the 5,870 working population in Refinery and petrochemicals plants, 329 (5.6%) were exposed and hence directly benefited from the projects. Benefits were seen in terms of Occupational health hazards related to CMR (78 individuals), dust (151 individuals), HTMs (27 individuals), and other chemicals (73 individuals). The projects led to cost savings of approximately 19,00,000/- INR and enhanced administrative efficiency through automation. Inherent safety measures were strengthened, providing superior worker protection. Discussion and Conclusion The CDER projects yielded benefits for both the environment and the workers. Emissions were significantly reduced, resulting in a safer and more ecofriendly work environment. Workers’ occupational health also improved significantly due to minimized hazardous exposures.
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Klovach, E. V., G. M. Seleznev, and A. Yu Sulimov. "Relationship between the Classification of Chemical Products and Criteria for Qualifying Objects as Hazardous Production Facilities." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 10 (October 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-10-27-32.
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In 2002 the international community adopted a new system of hazard classification and labeling of chemical products, which is recommended to be implemented by all the Member- countries of the United Nations through national legislation and international acts. Within the frame of the implementation of this decision, in 2015 the amendments were made to the Directive of the European Community of June 24, 1982, № 82/501/EEC on the prevention of major industrial accidents, and to the United Nations Convention onthe prevention of major industrial accidents, and a little later to the national legislation of the European countries establishing measures on preventing major accidents. In 2017, the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union adopted the technical regulation on the safety of chemical products, which establishes classification criteria that are completely identical to the criteria for the system of hazard classification and labeling of chemical products. Entry into force of the technical regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union will lead to the need for amending all theregulatory legal acts and regulations that contain regulations based on the classification of chemical products, including in the Federal Law № 116-FZ of July 21, 1997, On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities. The task of harmonizing the legislation on industrial safety with the international documents in terms of the classification of chemicals was planned to be solved when developing a new law on industrial safety. During the discussion, the developers encountered different approaches to the definition of classes of hazardous substances, the analysis of which became the subject of this article. The authors formulated proposals that can be used at the next round of harmonization of the Russian legislation on industrial safety with the international documents. When preparing proposals with classes and lists of hazardous chemicals for use in the industrial safety legislation, a comparison was made not only of the definitions of classes of chemicals in different documents, but also of their quantities, which are the criteria for qualifying objects as hazardous production facilities. It is noted that the term «flammable liquids», used in 116-FZ, practically does not occur in the international classifications, therefore, when developing new documents, it was proposed not to use it.
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Liu, Jianli, Xin Jin, and Xuefeng Han. "Electrostatic potential simulation and safety countermeasures in the tank of hazardous chemicals tanker." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2450, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2450/1/012022.
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Abstract In this paper, taking a benzene transport vehicle as an example, a cylindrical tank model is established according to the relevant standards, and the electrostatic potential distribution in the tank of dangerous chemicals is numerically simulated. The potential distribution in the tank is calculated by numerical calculation software, and the three-dimensional distribution map of the electrostatic potential of the medium in the tank is obtained. The general rules between the electrostatic potential distribution in the tank of a hazardous chemical tanker and the filling rate, the number of Anti-wave plates, and the two phases of gas and liquid were analyzed. The relationship between volume, Anti-wave plate area, and electrostatic potential was further analyzed by studying the relationship between electrostatic potential and medium parameters. A model of an elliptical cylindrical tank was also constructed, and corresponding anti-static measures were proposed.
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Averina, Yu M., G. E. Kalyakina, V. V. Menshikov, Yu I. Kapustin, and V. S. Boldyrev. "Neutralisation Process Design for Electroplating Industry Wastewater Containing Chromium and Cyanides." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 84 (June 2019): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2019-3-70-80.
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Manufacturing processes in the electroplating industry employ hazardous chemicals and generate hazardous waste, including hexavalent chromium compounds and heavy metal cyanides. We designed a reagent-based treatment technology that can remove these contaminants and is relatively simple to implement and maintain. The technology features low reagent consumption but high treatment efficiency and simplifies separating precipitates from the treated effluent. The paper presents a detailed description of how to neutralise electroplating shop wastewater. We propose a system of organizational and technological measures to improve chemical safety.
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YENIDOĞAN, SEMIHA, CEM AYDEMIR, and CANAN EKINCI DOĞAN. "PACKAGING–FOOD INTERACTION AND CHEMICAL MIGRATION." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 57, no. 9-10 (December 15, 2023): 1029–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.91.
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"Food packaging is intended to protect food and extend its shelf life, but it may affect food quality and safety because of chemical migration. Food quality and safety regarding packaging is a significant global concern. Legislations have an essential role in providing regulatory guidance on quality assurance systems and verifying their implementation as a means of regulatory compliance. The large number of various materials used in the manufacture of packages complicates the evaluation of food–packaging interactions. This review is an overview of literature data on the effects of printed food packaging on the migration of chemicals into foods, as well as on various migration sources of chemical compounds. Various aspects, such as the interaction between packaging and food starting with the production process of food packaging to food–packaging contact during storage, the effects of primary and secondary packaging on chemical migration, permeability of packaging materials, inkinduced migration in printed packaging, and types of transition from packaging to food, were examined in detail. Besides, studies on subjects such as the food contact materials analysis used to test the phenomenon of migration in foods and migration limits have been discussed. Moreover, studies on the use of recycled paper in packaging and its effect on migration, ink chemicals resulting from recycling and studies on this subject are included. Information is given on measures to reduce the effect of migration, low migration of printing inks, coatings and adhesives, and materials used in barrier applications. In line with this research study, suggestions were made for measures to reduce the harmful effects of chemical migration on human health and to prevent the risk of migration from packaging to food."
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Alshammari, Shuaa Z., and Uma M. Irfan. "HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS' SAFETY MEASURES AND AWARENESS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HOSPITAL LABORATORIES IN BURAYDAH, AL QASSIM." LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences 4, no. 3 (November 21, 2018): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.43.102117.
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HATHAWAY, STEVE C. "Development of Food Safety Risk Assessment Guidelines for Foods of Animal Origin in International Trade†." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.11.1432.
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The international food safety environment is currently in a unique period of reevaluation and change. In an emerging trading environment regulated more according to food safety requirements than nontariff trade protection barriers, food safety risk analysis is pivotal to future Codex activities and implementation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement. Development of guidelines for food safety risk assessment requires determination of scope, internationally agreed definitions, general principles, guidelines tailored for each class of foodborne hazards, and linkages and interactions with risk management and risk communication. Food safety risk assessments need to be soundly based on science, should incorporate the four analytical steps of the risk assessment paradigm, and should be documented in a transparent and readily understandable form. The particular needs of Codex, the WTO, national governments, industry, and consumers need to be taken into account, and this includes identification of the essential linkages between risk assessment and the design of HACCP plans. With respect to chemical hazards in food, a risk assessment approach provides the opportunity to broaden the understanding of acceptable daily intakes, maximum residue levels, and their public health significance. Guidelines for chemicals in foods will inevitably have to address the differences between safety evaluation and a genuine risk assessment approach. With respect to microbiological hazards, the unique problems associated with risk assessment of living organisms in food make it likely that application of guidelines in the medium term will more commonly use qualitative approaches. In the absence of a history of safety evaluation according to a notionally zero risk baseline, as is the case with chemicals, the objective of microbiological risk analysis to reduce microbial risks to “the minimum which is technologically feasible and practical” represents a genuine focus for risk assessment. As risk assessment is increasing applied and internationally accepted guidelines become established, decision criteria for risk management arguably present the greatest challenge in establishing and maintaining quantitative SPS measures for food in international trade and judging their equivalence. However, the desire of all interested parties for scientifically justified food safety measures may be tempered according to the ability of the global scientific community to generate the necessary data and the political will to accept food safety programmes in different countries that have equivalent outputs.
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Lee, Dong Won, and Min Kyun Eun. "A study on the measurement of Chemical accident response competency: Focus on chemical company workers." Forum of Public Safety and Culture 18 (September 30, 2022): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2022.18.179.
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In order to establish appropriate measures for chemical accidents according to the use of various and wide-ranging chemicals and social structural changes, it is necessary to measure and accurately diagnose chemical accidents. Responders at the scene of an accident must secure competency suitable for their roles in preparation for the occurrence of an accident, as they perform response activities according to their determined roles and tasks.
The purpose of this study is to measure the competency of workers in chemical companies to respond to chemical accidents. First, the concept of chemical accident response competency was presented. In response to chemical accidents, each individual's safety knowledge, safety skill, and safety ability were defined as chemical accident response competency, and among the types of chemical accidents, methods were suggested based on leakage, explosion, and fire accidents. Second, a pilot survey of chemical accident response competency of chemical company workers was conducted and verified using chemical accident response competency measurement tools. Third, the measurement results of the pilot survey of chemical accident response competency were analyzed and implications were derived. The chemical accident response competency survey was conducted using the chemical accident response competency measurement tool in the appendix, and a total of 233 responses were received with 115 chemical workers, 65 general public officials, 27 government employees, and 26 public institutions.
In the reliability verification of the survey, safety knowledge was 0.960, safety technology 0.942, and safety ability was 0.956, and in the reliability analysis of the total number of items, Cronbach's alpha value was 0.979, which was very high. In the analysis of the results of the chemical accident response capacity measurement tool survey, the average was 29.84, which was below the average level, 37.09 for each public official, 30.66 for chemical workers, 26.29 for the general public and 27.65 for public institutions.
Overall, safety knowledge and safety technology are measured at an average normal level, but safety abilities are measured at an insufficient level in the rest of the group except for public officials, and should be improved above the normal level through safety education and training. It is necessary to measure and diagnose individual-level chemical accident response competency to provide basic information and data to strengthen safety management activities in chemical companies, but this study is of great significance in that it conducted a survey through the measurement model. Continuous research is needed every year to improve the ability to respond to chemical accidents. As developed and measured in this study in the future, a more systematic and in-depth study on individual-level chemical accident response capabilities is needed through the development of questionnaire items suitable for each group.
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Matisāne, Linda, Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Joana Lobo Vicente, Maria Uhl, Andromachi Katsonouri, Annick D. van den Brand, Tamar Berman, et al. "Citizens’ Perception and Concerns on Chemical Exposures and Human Biomonitoring—Results from a Harmonized Qualitative Study in Seven European Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 6414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116414.
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Exposure to different chemicals is an inevitable part of our everyday lives. Within HBM4EU, focus group discussions were conducted to gather data on citizens’ perceptions of chemical exposure and human biomonitoring. These discussions were hosted in Cyprus, Denmark, Hungary, Israel, Latvia, the Netherlands, and North Macedonia following a protocol developed in the first round of discussions. Results indicate the very high concern of European citizens regarding food safety and the environment. Focus group participants were well aware of potential uptake of chemicals through food consumption (e.g., preservatives, flavor enhancers, coloring agents, pesticides, fertilizers, metals), drinking water, or from polluted air and water. One of the positive aspects identified here, is the high interest of citizens in awareness and education on personal measures to control exposure. The promotion of personal behavioral changes requires active involvement of society (e.g., commuting habits, energy choices, waste disposal, dietary habits). Activities should focus on raising awareness of the general public, implementation of policy measures, and mainstreaming of related topics into the education system. Raising awareness of the general public may promote engagement of citizens, which in turn may empower them to put pressure on politicians to take effective actions. There is also a need for further research which might focus on the impact of country-specific situations and of the COVID-19 pandemic on the exposure of citizens to chemicals.
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Ha, Nuri, Seohyeon Oh, Seunghee Lee, Yujin Jung, Jiyul Choi, and Sokhee P. Jung. "Institutional Management Plan for Hazardous Chemical Substances in Textile Products." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 390–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.5.390.
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Due to accidents related to chemical substances at home and abroad, the effects of hazardous chemicals on the environment and interest in them are increasing. In order to prevent the occurrence of hazardous chemical accidents, it is first necessary to clarify institutional standards for hazardous chemicals. Among the daily life products in which hazardous chemicals are detected, textile products are in close contact with the human body for a very long time, and thus are closely related to human health. However, our society's interest in the health of chemical substances in textile products is still insignificant. Therefore, this paper examines the seriousness of hazardous chemical substances in textile products and the limitations of their management system, and considers institutional supplementary measures.<br/>Formaldehyde, arylamine, and dimethyl-fumarate, which are regulated as harmful substances in textile products, mainly cause skin diseases through skin contact, and may cause organ damage when absorbed into the body. In Korea, hazardous chemicals are regulated in advance through the KC system. However, this system regulates only some of the heavy metals that are eluted, and chemicals such as phenols and toluene are not subject to regulation. The issuance of the KC mark is poor, and there is a problem that there is no obligation to mark the certification mark if the product is not intended for under 14 years of age. Therefore, it is necessary to expand and strengthen the scope of the regulation. It is mandatory to re-inspect OEKO-TEX® STANDARD, the standard of multinational corporations, every three years. The KC system also needs to follow this.<br/>The post-safety management system used when harmful fiber products exceeding the regulatory standards were analyzed by dividing into a product accident investigation and a national recall system. In order to increase the recall recovery rate, it is necessary to strengthen the information collection system, improve business awareness, and classify the recall stage as supplementary measures. Companies need to provide highly reliable textile products to consumers by participating in the ZDHC and Higg Index, which are programs for reducing hazardous chemical substances in textiles.
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ZAKARIA, NAIZAH, ABDUL MUJID ABDULLAH, and FARAH AYUNI SHAFIE. "ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF LABORATORY PERSONNEL TOWARDS CHEMICAL SAFETY IN UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA CAMPUSES, MALAYSIA." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 17, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.12.010.
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Inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes and unsafe practices while handling chemicals can contribute to incidents such as fires, accidents, injuries and fatalities at academic institutions and laboratories. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of lab personnel towards chemical safety at an academic institution. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 123 laboratory personnel at Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Malaysia using purposive sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed by email to collect data which was analysed using descriptive statistics, a Spearman Correlation Coefficient measures and a Chi-Squared test. In general, the respondents’ knowledge and attitudes towards chemical safety were high with median scores ranging between 79.2% and 88.9%, respectively. However, their practices were moderate, with a mean score of 74. 1%. There was a weak correlations between attitudes and the level of knowledge (rs = 0.38, p < 0.05) and practices (rs = 0.19, p < 0.05). There were significant associations between department, campus and training status (χ2 value, p < 0.05) with knowledge and practice levels. Although the overall scores were satisfactory, some aspects still need improvement, especially with regard to the Globally Harmonised System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals symbols, personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance and emergency response procedures. The practice of eating and drinking in laboratories by lab personnel is an issue that also requires attention.
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Kobylianskyi, V., K. Sorokina, and O. KRAVCHENKO. "CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIATION AND NUCLEAR CONTAMINATION OF WATER UNDER MARTIAL LAW." Scientific Bulletin of Building, no. 110 (June 27, 2024): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2311-7257.2024.110.1.8.
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Drinking water quality requirements regulate the maximum permissible concentrations of various contaminants to ensure public safety. Methods for testing the quality of drinking water and the frequency of their implementation are determined by the legislative standards governing the activities of water supply companies. The main hygienic requirements for drinking water quality include epidemic and radiation safety, positive organoleptic properties and non-toxic chemical components. In times of military aggression and conflict, there is a serious threat of water pollution. Military operations can lead to damage and destruction of water infrastructure, such as water supply systems, water treatment plants and other facilities. This may result in the penetration of contaminants, including bacteria, chemicals and other harmful substances, into drinking water sources. Such water contamination can pose a serious risk to public health through the possible spread of disease, transmission of infections and other water-related illnesses. Most chemicals pose problems only when exposed over a long period of time; however, some harmful chemicals that enter drinking water are of concern due to their effects over a short period of time. A system of monitoring and early detection of threats is an important element for effective response to potential water contamination under martial law. This system should continuously monitor the quality of water at all stages of its processing, from its entry into the water supply system to its distribution. Any anomalies or changes in water quality may indicate potential contamination, and the monitoring system should alert the relevant services and authorities to take the necessary measures. Identifying potential chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear water contaminants for priority control is critical for the organization and reliable functioning of the monitoring system and early detection of threats in wartime. The task of improving and upgrading drinking water supply systems that pose the greatest risk to public health should be considered a priority. Once potential threats are identified, the monitoring system can respond in a timely manner, preventing contamination of drinking water and ensuring the safety of water supply systems. Keywords: drinking water, chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear pollution, monitoring, safety plan.
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BAYRAM, Hakan, and Elif ÇELENK KAYA. "Risk Analysis with Fine-Kinney Method: Example of Trabzon Port." Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 760–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095256.
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In the world and in our country, various methods of transportation are used such as road, air, rail and sea. Compared to other transportation methods, 80-90% of international trade is carried out by sea. Sea transportation can transport heavy loads, hazardous chemicals and large quantities more cheaply and safely. The excessive use of sea transport in the world increases the importance of ports. In our country, our ports are classified as hazardous workplaces. Hazardous chemicals being loaded and transported, the presence of various machines and vehicles pose various risks resulting from port operations. Health and safety measures should be taken to eliminate the hazards and risks. Factors such as the lack of technical personnel in ports, various risks and hazards in ports, the availability and variety of machinery, vehicles, special equipment, the presence of foreign personnel, and the vastness of the port area make it difficult to implement preventive and regulatory measures in ports. In this study, the sources of hazards and risks in the area of the Port of Trabzon were identified and a risk analysis study was conducted using the Fine-Kinney method, a risk assessment method.
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Kim, Kanghyun, and Jungyeol Hong. "Using Text Mining to Analyze Key Topics in Civil Petitions Related to Hazardous Chemicals." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.53.
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Various accident prevention studies and related policies have been developed to ensure public safety when handling and transporting harmful chemical substances. However, these policies primarily focus on improving government-level laws and policies, often overlooking the immediate needs of consumers. Therefore, this study proposed the extraction of meaningful topics and keywords from questions and answers pertaining to the safe handling of harmful chemicals using civil petitions data related to these substances, as posted on the Anti-corruption and Civil Rights Commission platform. The idea is to prioritize these topics in policy formulation. In addition, topic modeling techniques, namely Latent Semantic Analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithms, were employed, and the results and implications of each algorithm were compared and analyzed. The main topics identified through the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm were “piping and valve management and inspection,” “manufacturing and storage facility safety,” “outdoor impact assessment,” “damage reduction and accident prevention facility,” and “education and related law.” The results derived from this study are expected to contribute to the development of accident prevention measures by directly addressing the requirements of consumers when it comes to harmful chemical substances.
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El-Helaly, Mohamed, Hanan H. Balkhy, Khan Waseem, and Sahdia Khawaja. "Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among health-care workers exposed to cleaning and disinfectant chemicals, a 2-year follow-up study." Toxicology and Industrial Health 32, no. 12 (July 9, 2016): 2002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233715610043.
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Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that exposure to cleaning chemicals among health-care workers (HCWs) is associated with respiratory disorders and ventilatory function changes. This study aimed to further explore this association using a longitudinal approach. A prospective 2-year follow-up study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia from June 2012 to June 2014 among 56 nurses who were responsible for disinfection and sterilization of medical instruments and equipment. The workplaces of the participants were assessed for engineering, environmental, and safety control measures. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all participants to assess their exposure to cleaning chemicals and their medical history. Spirometric parameters were measured for all nurses in 2012 (baseline) and again in 2014 (follow-up). The prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms did not increase significantly over this time. Among all the spirometric parameters, only forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio decreased significantly, and only 10.7% of participants who were exposed to cleaning chemicals for more than 10 years had FEV1 and FVC less than their longitudinal normal limits at the end of the study. Smoking and gender were associated with statistically significant decreases in some of the spirometric parameters. Our 2-year follow-up study did not demonstrate significant association between exposure to cleaning chemicals among HCWs and changes in the prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms, but indicated early effects on ventilatory function among them. The study highlights the importance of periodic spirometry, proper work practices, and effective control measures to protect HCWs against potentially harmful workplace chemicals for disinfection and sterilization.
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Sela Saldinger, Shlomo, Victor Rodov, David Kenigsbuch, and Asher Bar-Tal. "Hydroponic Agriculture and Microbial Safety of Vegetables: Promises, Challenges, and Solutions." Horticulturae 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010051.
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Hydroponics is a farming technique for growing plants with mineral nutrients using a soil-free medium. The plant roots are submerged in soil-free media, such as vermiculite or perlite, or just in mineral nutrient solutions. This allows for high production yields throughout the year with less water and agro-chemical inputs. Consequently, hydroponics is considered a sustainable agriculture technology. Hydroponically grown crops are usually protected from the diseases transmitted through soil or animals in open fields. Therefore, they require fewer chemicals for pest control and are safer than conventionally grown crops in terms of possible chemical contamination. Nevertheless, hydroponics guarantees neither plant health nor the microbial safety of fresh produce. In the case of microbial contamination by human pathogens, unlike soil-grown crops, the pathogens may rapidly spread through the circulating water and simultaneously infect all the plants in the facility. This review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge regarding the microbial safety of hydroponically grown crops and discusses the role of the hydroponic system in reducing the microbial hazards for leafy and fruity crops as well as the potential risks for contamination by human pathogens. Finally, it outlines the approaches and the available science-based practices to ensure produce safety. The contamination risk in hydroponic systems may be diminished by using novel planting materials and the appropriate decontamination treatment of a recirculating liquid substrate; by modulating the microbiota interactions; and by following strict phytosanitary measures and workers’ hygienic practices. There is a timely need to adopt measures, such as the Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) guidelines, to mitigate the risks and ensure safe hydroponically grown vegetables for consumers.
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Fomin, M. V., L. A. Alikbayeva, L. V. Lukovnikova, G. I. Sidorin, and N. N. Petrova. "HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SAFETY OPERATION OF THE ENTERPRISE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-4-347-351.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to provide toxicological-hygienic assessment of components the production of polyvinyl chloride, substantiate safe levels of chemicals in air of the working area and preventive measures on optimization conditions both of work and residence of the population. Material and methods. The object of the study was the complex of production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The program of research included the study of the technological process; evaluation of the toxicity and dangers of new chemicals; the characteristic of sources of air emissions; health risk assessment of the population; justification of the size sanitary-protective zone. Results. The enterprise for the production of PVC can be potential source of the environmental pollution, with the priority to pollution of the atmosphere and working area air. The main organized emission sources of the chemicals are departments for the production of chlorine, vinyl chloride monomer, polyvinyl chloride and flare units. New components of production are ntioxidant IRGASTAB PVC76 and plasticizer Plastomoll DOA on physic-chemical and toxic characteristics fail to pose a risk of acute and chronic poisoning by inhalation routes of exposure, the parameters of acute toxicity refer to the 4th class of danger and seem to be low-hazard substances. Antioxidant IRGASTAB PVC 76 under repeated applications leads to mild irritation of the skin, characterized by a slightly pronounced cumulative properties, in contact with a high likelihood of sensitization of the organism; the introduction inhibits the activity of cytochrome P-450-dependent that may result in the violation of the detoxifying function of the liver. Antioxidant IRGASTAB PVC 76 under repeated applications leads to a slight irritation of the skin, characterized by mild cumulative properties, contact likely to develop sensitization of the organism; upon administration inhibits the activity of cytochrome P-450-dependent MOG that might lead to a violation of the detoxifying liver function. Emissions to the atmosphere can contain up to 50 polluting chemicals. The main contribution to emissions comprises substances of the 3 and 4 hazard class, it is related with extremely dangerous and highly dangerous chemicals up to 32% of the total list of toxic substances. Indices of non-cancer risk with or without accounting background are at an acceptable level, the probability of the carcinogenic risk is small. There is a possibility risk of developing obsessive smell of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorethene and chloroform.
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Banerjee, Shuvomoy, Suchismita Mitra, Milind Velhal, Vikas Desmukh, and Biswarup Ghosh. "Impact of agrochemicals on the environment and human health: The concerns and remedies." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 26 (December 30, 2021): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2021.v26.010.
Full textAbstract:
Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are essential aids in current agricultural practice to achieve the growing population's need worldwide. Excessive use of these agrochemicals often exerts toxic effects and imposes acute risks on human health and the surrounding environment. Importantly, they have negative impacts on the farmers during agricultural practice without proper safety measures. When a human comes in contact with these toxic chemicals due to leaching and drifting causes serious health hazards including diabetes, reproductive disorders, neurological dysfunction, cancer, and respiratory diseases. In this paper, we discussed the benefits and adverse effects of agrochemicals on humans and the ecology. Moreover, we also discussed some important remedial measures to reduce the toxic effects in farming. We have mentioned recent state-of-art nanotechnology techniques to improve agricultural research. This paper will give new insights into current farming strategies by which farmers will be able to decrease the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
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Yon, Hazlina. "The Compliance Status of Chemical Management among Industries in Malaysia: The USECHH after 20 years." Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) 5, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jest.v5n1.99.
Full textAbstract:
Chemical management plays an important role in the protection of human health and environment. Malaysia through the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) developed chemical related legislations under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 1994 upon tripartite and stakeholder consultation. Effective law enforcement by DOSH is important to ensure compliance to occupational health legislations in order to meet the objectives of OSHA 1994. This paper presents the status of chemical management compliance in Malaysia pertaining to compliance to the Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) (USECHH) Regulations 2000 among the industries in various economic sectors twenty years after its inception. This paper proposes four steps for investigating the compliance status. The four steps are overview of chemical legislations, enforcement strategies, data analysis and recommendations. There was a total of 9712 workplaces inspected by DOSH officers during the enforcement activities. About 54% workplaces received satisfactory grades while 46% were non satisfactory. USECHH operations for the last five years (2016-2020) revealed that 70% of the total workplaces inspected received satisfactory compliance while another 30% potrayed otherwise. These positive results show significant improvement in the status of compliance of chemical management as compared to the beginning of its introduction in year 2000 where majority of the grades are unsatisfactory. Analysis of each elements found that the worst compliance comes from elements such as medical surveillance, health surveillance, exposure monitoring and chemical health risk assessment The research also prescribes strategies and methods taken by DOSH Malaysia in ensuring chemical management compliance at the workplace. This paper shows an insight of chemical management in Malaysia briefly and provides suggestions and recommendations, measures and outcomes of enforcement. Future measures to be taken by DOSH is also suggested to boost compliance.
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Widowati, Evi, Khansa Putri Aprilia, Salsa Dilla Amanda Putri, Muthia Muthia, Azradina Fakhira, Yuliati Yuliati, and Michelle Seaw Seak Fong. "Assessment of Respiratory Quality among Batik Artisans: as a Safety Education for The Workers." Journal of Safety Education 1, no. 1 (June 21, 2023): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jse.v1i1.70311.
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As the production and usage of chemicals in workplaces around the world increases, workers are more at risk of toxicant chemical exposures that may be harmful to their health, this includes in the use of paraffin wax in Batik industry. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between respiratory quality and toxicant in the process of batik production. The sample of this research consisted of 5 batik workers. The data were collected using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire and the measuring of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) using peak flow meter about toxicant exposure and the application of occupational safety and health related to toxicant. The variable of this study was the respiratory quality of the workers towards toxicant exposure. The results showed that there were both positive and negative correlations between exposure to toxic substances and the workers, depending on their age, sex, and duration of exposure. However, we recommend implementing control measures to improve the quality of work for the workers.
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Su, Rong Jun. "Environmental Risk Evaluation on Integrated Circuit Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1203.
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In order to evaluate the environmental risk of integrated circuit industry, a new integrated circuit chip project was taken as an example to be investigated and analyzed. Its engineering features, process flow, risk identification, risk source intensity and measures to prevent risks were proposed. Risk identification shows that main poisonous and harmful chemicals(PHC) are corrosives and antioxidants, flammable gases and liquids and poisonous gases. Transportation, production and storage risk of PHC and potential accidental risk caused by external factors were proposed. Risk source analysis indicates that the probability of damaging and leaking accidents on facilities is 10-1 times/year. In the case of cylinders leakage, leakage rates of SiF4, Cl2 and ClF3 will be 17 g/s, 8 g/s and 8 g/s respectively. Evaporation rates of isopropyl alcohol, HF and HCl acids are 0.09 g/s. 0.38 g/s and 55 g/s respectively. Finally, Overall layout and construction safety measures, safety precautions on dangerous chemical storage and transportation, technology design and automatic control design, and emergency plan to prevent risk accident were also proponed. This work will be helpful for environmental impact assessment on similar industries.
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Othman, Norazli, Liaw Lerk Lerk, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, and Roslina Mohammad. "Comparative Content of Harmful Substances Contained In the Raw Material for Various Types of Printing Ink." International Journal of Research in Science 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijrs.2017.3.4.07.
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Printing ink is one of the chemical industry that can be considered as a high risk industry due to it is a manufacture industry that involved all kinds of chemical materials. Thus, reliability data is important for the environmental safety in chemical industries. This study aims to compare the hazardous substances in raw materials for various printing ink production and propose the control measures in the ink production process. Three types of printing ink raw material i.e sheet-fed ink, cold-set ink and heat-set ink were considered in this study. This study was conducted by using a quantitative approaches. Data were collected through Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Hazardous substances were identified from the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number of the raw materials. The result of the study shown that there are eight hazardous chemical substances in sheet-fed ink, cold-set ink and heat-set ink. The hazardous raw materials identified are mainly from the category of pigment, solvents and additives. From the study of the three types of ink printing, sheet-fed inks contain harmful chemicals that are the lowest of 33.27%, followed by thermal ink-set of 41.73% and cold-set inks of 61.86%. The results also shown that solvents are identified to contribute highest percentage as hazardous chemical substances in the printing ink, followed by additives and pigment. The results of the research shown that the production workers in the printing ink production process are at highly exposed to the hazards. The hierarchy of hazard control based on Department Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) are proposed to control the hazardous chemical substances. The recommended control measures of possible hazards and risks based on the work activities are elimination, engineering control, administration control and personal protective equipment. This research is very important as it will enhance the precautions and safety knowledge of the employer and employee in handling the chemical substances in the printing ink production process.
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Wang, Yu. "Safety Production Supervision of Industrial Enterprises Based on Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (September 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1820082.
Full textAbstract:
Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the continuous growth and improvement of the comprehensive strength of our national economy and the continuous improvement of our modern industrial machinery and equipment, the level of safety technology, production level, and quality management level see continuous steady improvement, resulting in the rapid economic growth of chemical industries in China in recent years. In recent years, chemicals have been widely used and demand is increasing. However, the physical properties of some chemical substances are very unstable and vary according to process conditions, making it difficult to control. At the same time, safety issues have become a major “red warning” for industrial enterprises. Various safety incidents have attracted social attention, and the chemical industry has also learned from them, sounding the safety alarm for itself and reviewing its own shortcomings, and taking improvement measures. Therefore, it is obviously necessary to always emphasize the concept of “safety first, prevention first, and comprehensive management” to prevent enterprise safety accidents. It is necessary to regularly investigate and analyze the situation of safety accidents to summarize and continuously improve. This is the most important thing for enterprises to prevent the continuous occurrence of safety accidents in a good and effective way. Regularly analyzing, summarizing, and improving safety issues are the best way to prevent accidents. Deep learning mainly relies on letting computers or other electronic devices perform iterative learning on a large number of data samples according to the rules defined by the program. The computer after learning will have the analysis ability similar to humans, but its analysis ability is limited to the range of the sample data to be learned. Artificial intelligence technology realizes an operation system that simulates human thinking through the definition of algorithms and programs. The use of deep learning and artificial intelligence in industrial enterprise safety production supervision can realize enterprise safety production supervision, early warning, and intelligent operation. Without the security of the production chain, a business cannot develop. Based on the basic theory of safety supervision and early warning in the field of enterprise safety production and related knowledge of artificial intelligence, this paper studies the work safety in the supervision and early warning mechanism abides by the selection principle of the management system, safety production indicators and indicator system, and conducts work based on the production work data of industrial plants. Reasonable safety supervision and early warning mechanism provide technical assistance for effectively controlling safety accidents in production and management measures to improve enterprise safety.