Journal articles: 'Chemicals effects'

1

Rybak, Leonard P. "Hearing: The Effects of Chemicals." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 106, no. 6 (June 1992): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210600611.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Recent studies of human beings exposed to environmental chemicals, as well as experimental animal studies, have identified a number of chemical agents that are commercial products, chemical intermediaries, waste products, or contaminants that are potentially ototoxic. The classes of compounds discussed in this review include organic solvents, asphyxiant gases, and heavy metals that are present in the environment as Industrial pollutants or byproducts. Both human and animal investigations are summarized in discussing the actions of these ototoxic compounds. The suggested gaps in our knowledge are highlighted to help direct future research.

2

Giesy, J. P., L. A. Feyk, P. D. Jones, Kurunthachalam Kannan, and T. Sanderson. "Review of the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in birds." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112287.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

There have been several case studies of the impact of chemical contaminants on birds at the level of individuals or populations. While many of the chemicals involved in these incidents have been classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals or endocrine active substances (EASs) the mechanisms by which these chemicals affect birds are not clearly or fully understood.

3

Pollis, Rebecca E., Andrew L. Reid, and Lenly J. Weathers. "Effects of chemicals microorganisms." Water Environment Research 70, no. 4 (June 1998): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143098x134532.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wheeler, David C., Salem Rustom, Matthew Carli, Todd P. Whitehead, Mary H. Ward, and Catherine Metayer. "Assessment of Grouped Weighted Quantile Sum Regression for Modeling Chemical Mixtures and Cancer Risk." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020504.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Individuals are exposed to a large number of diverse environmental chemicals simultaneously and the evaluation of multiple chemical exposures is important for identifying cancer risk factors. The measurement of a large number of chemicals (the exposome) in epidemiologic studies is allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of cancer risk factors than was done in earlier studies that focused on only a few chemicals. Empirical evidence from epidemiologic studies shows that chemicals from different chemical classes have different magnitudes and directions of association with cancers. Given increasing data availability, there is a need for the development and assessment of statistical methods to model environmental cancer risk that considers a large number of diverse chemicals with different effects for different chemical classes. The method of grouped weighted quantile sum (GWQS) regression allows for multiple groups of chemicals to be considered in the model such that different magnitudes and directions of associations are possible for each group of chemicals. In this paper, we assessed the ability of GWQS regression to estimate exposure effects for multiple chemical groups and correctly identify important chemicals in each group using a simulation study. We compared the performance of GWQS regression with WQS regression, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso), and the group lasso in estimating exposure effects and identifying important chemicals. The simulation study results demonstrate that GWQS is an effective method for modeling exposure to multiple groups of chemicals and compares favorably with other methods used in mixture analysis. As an application, we used GWQS regression in the California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS), a population-based case-control study of childhood leukemia in California to estimate exposure effects for many chemical classes while also adjusting for demographic factors. The CCLS analysis found evidence of a positive association between exposure to the herbicide dacthal and an increased risk of childhood leukemia.

5

Wheeler, David C., Salem Rustom, Matthew Carli, Todd P. Whitehead, Mary H. Ward, and Catherine Metayer. "Assessment of Grouped Weighted Quantile Sum Regression for Modeling Chemical Mixtures and Cancer Risk." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020504.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Individuals are exposed to a large number of diverse environmental chemicals simultaneously and the evaluation of multiple chemical exposures is important for identifying cancer risk factors. The measurement of a large number of chemicals (the exposome) in epidemiologic studies is allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of cancer risk factors than was done in earlier studies that focused on only a few chemicals. Empirical evidence from epidemiologic studies shows that chemicals from different chemical classes have different magnitudes and directions of association with cancers. Given increasing data availability, there is a need for the development and assessment of statistical methods to model environmental cancer risk that considers a large number of diverse chemicals with different effects for different chemical classes. The method of grouped weighted quantile sum (GWQS) regression allows for multiple groups of chemicals to be considered in the model such that different magnitudes and directions of associations are possible for each group of chemicals. In this paper, we assessed the ability of GWQS regression to estimate exposure effects for multiple chemical groups and correctly identify important chemicals in each group using a simulation study. We compared the performance of GWQS regression with WQS regression, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso), and the group lasso in estimating exposure effects and identifying important chemicals. The simulation study results demonstrate that GWQS is an effective method for modeling exposure to multiple groups of chemicals and compares favorably with other methods used in mixture analysis. As an application, we used GWQS regression in the California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS), a population-based case-control study of childhood leukemia in California to estimate exposure effects for many chemical classes while also adjusting for demographic factors. The CCLS analysis found evidence of a positive association between exposure to the herbicide dacthal and an increased risk of childhood leukemia.

6

Liu, Tao, Lei Chen, and Xiaoyong Pan. "An Integrated Multi-Label Classifier with Chemical-Chemical Interactions for Prediction of Chemical Toxicity Effects." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 21, no. 6 (August 27, 2018): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207321666180601075428.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Aims and Objective: Chemical toxicity effect is one of the major reasons for declining candidate drugs. Detecting the toxicity effects of all chemicals can accelerate the procedures of drug discovery. However, it is time-consuming and expensive to identify the toxicity effects of a given chemical through traditional experiments. Designing quick, reliable and non-animal-involved computational methods is an alternative way. Method: In this study, a novel integrated multi-label classifier was proposed. First, based on five types of chemical-chemical interactions retrieved from STITCH, each of which is derived from one aspect of chemicals, five individual classifiers were built. Then, several integrated classifiers were built by integrating some or all individual classifiers. Result and Conclusion: By testing the integrated classifiers on a dataset with chemicals and their toxicity effects in Accelrys Toxicity database and non-toxic chemicals with their performance evaluated by jackknife test, an optimal integrated classifier was selected as the proposed classifier, which provided quite high prediction accuracies and wide applications.

7

Rivera, Brianna N., Lindsay B. Wilson, Doo Nam Kim, Paritosh Pande, Kim A. Anderson, Susan C. Tilton, and Robyn L. Tanguay. "A Comparative Multi-System Approach to Characterizing Bioactivity of Commonly Occurring Chemicals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 3829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073829.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A 2019 retrospective study analyzed wristband personal samplers from fourteen different communities across three different continents for over 1530 organic chemicals. Investigators identified fourteen chemicals (G14) detected in over 50% of personal samplers. The G14 represent a group of chemicals that individuals are commonly exposed to, and are mainly associated with consumer products including plasticizers, fragrances, flame retardants, and pesticides. The high frequency of exposure to these chemicals raises questions of their potential adverse human health effects. Additionally, the possibility of exposure to mixtures of these chemicals is likely due to their co-occurrence; thus, the potential for mixtures to induce differential bioactivity warrants further investigation. This study describes a novel approach to broadly evaluate the hazards of personal chemical exposures by coupling data from personal sampling devices with high-throughput bioactivity screenings using in vitro and non-mammalian in vivo models. To account for species and sensitivity differences, screening was conducted using primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and early life-stage zebrafish. Mixtures of the G14 and most potent G14 chemicals were created to assess potential mixture effects. Chemical bioactivity was dependent on the model system, with five and eleven chemicals deemed bioactive in NHBE and zebrafish, respectively, supporting the use of a multi-system approach for bioactivity testing and highlighting sensitivity differences between the models. In both NHBE and zebrafish, mixture effects were observed when screening mixtures of the most potent chemicals. Observations of BMC-based mixtures in NHBE (NHBE BMC Mix) and zebrafish (ZF BMC Mix) suggested antagonistic effects. In this study, consumer product-related chemicals were prioritized for bioactivity screening using personal exposure data. High-throughput high-content screening was utilized to assess the chemical bioactivity and mixture effects of the most potent chemicals.

8

Jain, Neha. "Terrorism at Rise with the Chemicals Insight: Use of Chemical Warfare Agents an Issue of Global Concern." Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology 9, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jfct.2454.9363.9123.3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Crime has led to a worldwide increase with a main weapon of offence including not only a physical object but show the incidences of involvement of chemicals also. Chemical warfare agents are one such example commonly employed by large group of people, mainly violent criminals who not only wants to create a terror or threat in the world but to cause war scale destruction. There are numerous of incidents reported from past showing the involvement of hazardous chemicals for committing crimes. Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) are synthetic chemicals used in the warfare as weapons, which are highly toxic and lethal to the extent that can cause temporary incapacitation, permanent health damage and even death of the targets. Common examples of these agents are nerve agents, vesicants, incapacitating agents, blood agents, and riots control agents. These agents are variedly classified as per the above-mentioned categories depending onto the effects and adverse effects they poses on human health and on society. The rate of crime commission using these hazardous agents is very rapid, thus making it an issue of serious concern to take measures to prevent innocent individuals.

9

Czarnota, Jenna, David C. Wheeler, and Chris Gennings. "Evaluating Geographically Weighted Regression Models for Environmental Chemical Risk Analysis." Cancer Informatics 14s2 (January 2015): CIN.S17296. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cin.s17296.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In the evaluation of cancer risk related to environmental chemical exposures, the effect of many correlated chemicals on disease is often of interest. The relationship between correlated environmental chemicals and health effects is not always constant across a study area, as exposure levels may change spatially due to various environmental factors. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) has been proposed to model spatially varying effects. However, concerns about collinearity effects, including regression coefficient sign reversal (ie, reversal paradox), may limit the applicability of GWR for environmental chemical risk analysis. A penalized version of GWR, the geographically weighted lasso, has been proposed to remediate the collinearity effects in GWR models. Our focus in this study was on assessing through a simulation study the ability of GWR and GWL to correctly identify spatially varying chemical effects for a mixture of correlated chemicals within a study area. Our results showed that GWR suffered from the reversal paradox, while GWL overpenalized the effects for the chemical most strongly related to the outcome.

10

Boxall, Alistair, Anthony Hardy, Sabine Beulke, Tatiana Boucard, Laura Burgin, Peter Falloon, Philip Haygarth, et al. "Impacts of climate change on indirect human exposure to pathogens and chemicals from agriculture." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 15, no. 3 (May 2010): 743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232010000300017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Climate change is likely to affect the nature of pathogens/ chemicals in the environment and their fate and transport. We assess the implications of climate change for changes in human exposures to pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems in the UK and discuss the effects on health impacts, using expert input and literature on climate change; health effects from exposure to pathogens/chemicals arising from agriculture; inputs of chemicals/pathogens to agricultural systems; and human exposure pathways for pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems. We established the evidence base for health effects of chemicals/pathogens in the agricultural environment; determined the potential implications of climate change on chemical/pathogen inputs in agricultural systems; and explored the effects of climate change on environmental transport and fate of various contaminants. We merged data to assess the implications of climate change in terms of indirect human exposure to pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems, and defined recommendations on future research and policy changes to manage adverse increases in risks.

11

Bynum, Karina, Jared Lynn, and Lenly J. Weathers. "Effects of Chemicals on Microorganisms." Water Environment Research 72, no. 6 (October 1, 2001): 1679–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143000x144259.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Clesceri, Lenore S. "Effects of chemicals on microorganisms." Water Environment Research 73, no. 6 (October 1, 2001): 1573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143001x144500.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn, and Michael Buchanan. "Effects of Chemicals on Microorganisms." Water Environment Research 73, no. 6 (October 1, 2001): 1581–657. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143001x144519.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Clesceri, Lenore S. "Effects of Chemicals on Microorganisms." Water Environment Research 74, no. 6 (October 1, 2002): 1496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143002x140738.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Clesceri, Lenore S. "Effects of Chemicals on Microorganisms." Water Environment Research 75, no. 6 (October 1, 2003): 1755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143003x145354.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Clesceri, Lenore S. "Effects of Chemicals on Microorganisms." Water Environment Research 76, no. 6 (September 2004): 2386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143004x145858.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Clesceri, Lenore S. "Effects of Chemicals on Microorganisms." Water Environment Research 77, no. 6 (September 2005): 2719–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143005x54650.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Clesceri, Lenore S. "Effects of Chemicals on Microorganisms." Water Environment Research 78, no. 10 (September 2006): 2028–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143006x119495.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Taylor, Aubrey E. "Cardiovascular Effects of Environmental Chemicals." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 114, no. 2 (February 1996): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989670167-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

This article presents recent data on several environmental toxins: lead, carbon disulfide, asbestos, arsenic, ozone, cadmium, vinyl chloride, fiuorocarbons, freon, and pesticides. These environmental toxins produce both hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias in most studies, and they are not necessarily related to primary lung disease and secondary heart disease. The possible mechanisms that could cause the cardiovascular diseases include (1) damage to the endothelial barrier in the vascular system, (2) activation of leukocytes and platelets, (3) initiation of plaque formation, (4) stimulation of the inflammatory response, (5) kidney-related hypertension, and (6) direct damage to cardiac and blood vessel tissue. Recommendations are that more animal, human cultured cell, and epidemiologic studies should be conducted on the environmental toxins identified in this article.

20

Levine, Audrey D., and Jeffrey M. Black. "Effects of chemicals on microorganisms." Water Environment Research 68, no. 4 (June 1996): 768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143096x135632.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Levine, Audrey D., and Jarrod D. Case. "Effects of chemicals on microorganisms." Water Environment Research 69, no. 4 (June 1997): 874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143097x135082.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Beitler, Gloria V. "Unrecognized Health Effects of Chemicals." AAOHN Journal 58, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/08910162-20100416-02.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Greenberg, Michael R. "Health Effects of Environmental Chemicals." Journal of Planning Literature 1, no. 1 (January 1985): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088541228500100102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

"Polemical" is the best word to describe the voluminous literature about the health effects of environmental chemicals. The literature includes both lengthy scientific treatises that few read and brief emotional pleas heard by many; books that are one-sided representations and misdefinitions of important single words; and vitriolic attacks on subspecialities and people. Unfortunately, the literature does not include sufficient information to allow us to determine the risk posed by the majority of chemicals in the human environment. In light of this state of knowledge, planners must work with others to constrain potentially dangerous land uses.

24

Beitler, Gloria V. "Unrecognized Health Effects of Chemicals." AAOHN Journal 58, no. 5 (May 2010): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507991005800505.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

TAYLOR, A. "Cardiovascular effects of environmental chemicals." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 114, no. 2 (February 1996): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70167-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Vargová, M., D. Zeljenková, and M. Gajdová. "Estrogenic effects of environmental chemicals." Toxicology Letters 78 (August 1995): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(95)94971-i.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Vargová, M. "Estrogenic Effects of Environmental Chemicals." Toxicology Letters 78 (August 1995): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/03784-2749(59)4972j-.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Levine, Audrey D., and Manaskorn Rachakornkij. "Effects of chemicals on microorganisms." Water Environment Research 66, no. 4 (June 1994): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1554-7531.1994.tb00126.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Zieburtz, William B. "Effects of Chemicals on Microorganisms." Water Environment Research 75, no. 7 (September 2003): 1950–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1554-7531.2003.tb00215.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Slunge, Daniel, and Francisco Alpizar. "Market-Based Instruments for Managing Hazardous Chemicals: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Agenda." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 11, 2019): 4344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164344.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

We take stock of the lessons learned from using market-based instruments in chemicals management and discuss the potential for increased use of risk-based taxation in the management of pesticides and other hazardous chemicals. Many chemical substances cause significant diffuse emissions when emitted over wide areas at individually low concentrations. These emissions are typically very difficult and costly to control. The targeted chemical may exist in many products as well as in a wide variety of end uses. However, the current regulatory instruments used are primarily bans or quantitative restrictions, which are applied to individual chemicals and for very specific uses. Policy makers in the area of chemicals management have focused almost solely on chemicals with a very steep marginal damage cost curve, leading to low use of price regulations. The growing concerns about cumulative effects and combination effects from low dose exposure from multiple chemicals can motivate a broader use of market-based instruments in chemicals management.

31

Huang, Zehao, Na Li, Kaifeng Rao, Cuiting Liu, Zijian Wang, and Mei Ma. "In vitro Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Analysis of Ten Tannery Chemicals Using SOS/umu Tests and High-content In vitro Micronucleus Tests." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 21, no. 4 (May 25, 2018): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207321666180330120248.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background: More than 2,000 chemicals have been used in the tannery industry. Although some tannery chemicals have been reported to have harmful effects on both human health and the environment, only a few have been subjected to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluations. Objective: This study focused on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ten tannery chemicals widely used in China. Materials and Methods: DNA-damaging effects were measured using the SOS/umu test with Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Chromosome-damaging and cytotoxic effects were determined with the high-content in vitro Micronucleus test (MN test) using the human-derived cell lines MGC-803 and A549. Conclusion: The cytotoxicity of the ten tannery chemicals differed somewhat between the two cell assays, with A549 cells being more sensitive than MGC-803 cells. None of the chemicals induced DNA damage before metabolism, but one was found to have DNA-damaging effects on metabolism. Four of the chemicals, DY64, SB1, DB71 and RR120, were found to have chromosome-damaging effects. A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis indicated that one structural feature favouring chemical genotoxicity, Hacceptor-path3-Hacceptor, may contribute to the chromosome-damaging effects of the four MN-test-positive chemicals.

32

Jarema, Kimberly A., Deborah L. Hunter, Bridgett N. Hill, Jeanene K. Olin, Katy N. Britton, Matthew R. Waalkes, and Stephanie Padilla. "Developmental Neurotoxicity and Behavioral Screening in Larval Zebrafish with a Comparison to Other Published Results." Toxics 10, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10050256.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

With the abundance of chemicals in the environment that could potentially cause neurodevelopmental deficits, there is a need for rapid testing and chemical screening assays. This study evaluated the developmental toxicity and behavioral effects of 61 chemicals in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae using a behavioral Light/Dark assay. Larvae (n = 16–24 per concentration) were exposed to each chemical (0.0001–120 μM) during development and locomotor activity was assessed. Approximately half of the chemicals (n = 30) did not show any gross developmental toxicity (i.e., mortality, dysmorphology or non-hatching) at the highest concentration tested. Twelve of the 31 chemicals that did elicit developmental toxicity were toxic at the highest concentration only, and thirteen chemicals were developmentally toxic at concentrations of 10 µM or lower. Eleven chemicals caused behavioral effects; four chemicals (6-aminonicotinamide, cyclophosphamide, paraquat, phenobarbital) altered behavior in the absence of developmental toxicity. In addition to screening a library of chemicals for developmental neurotoxicity, we also compared our findings with previously published results for those chemicals. Our comparison revealed a general lack of standardized reporting of experimental details, and it also helped identify some chemicals that appear to be consistent positives and negatives across multiple laboratories.

33

Xu, Hao, Jian Zhao, Yang Jing, Jingcong Xie, Ning Zhang, and Jianchun Jiang. "Effects of apple and pear wood vinegar components on Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium growth." BioResources 15, no. 2 (March 13, 2020): 2961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.2961-2970.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In order to facilitate the application of wood vinegar in the mushroom industry, a framework was developed to reveal the individual and interactive effects of chemical groups in wood vinegars on Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium growth. By a series of refining and separating methods, the crude wood vinegar samples were processed and separated into six subgroups with distinctive component concentrations in each. Adding the wood vinegar subgroups into the culturing medium resulted in differences in mycelium growth. Analysis of variance was performed on the differences to evaluate the effects of seven chemical groups on mycelium growth. The enhancing effects of groups of chemicals were (ranked by effect) alcohols > esters > aldehydes; the inhibiting groups of chemicals were phenols > ketones > acids. The principle inhibitory chemicals in the wood vinegars were most likely 1,2-benzenediol, 2-methyl phenol, and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol. The synergistic effects between acids and phenols and between acids and ketones were confirmed. By these effects, the inhibiting chemicals interacted synergistically as mycelium growth promoters.

34

Khan, Yousaf. "Chemicals that Disrupt the Endocrine System and their Effects on Human Health." Open Access Journal of Endocrinology 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oaje-16000179.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Endocrine glands are the important glands of human that performs certain functions and has specific characteristics. The main function of these glands is that they regulate the whole system by producing hormones which they produce indigenously and pours them directly in the blood for a targeted action and all of their functions are involuntary. They are specifically ductless glands and their course of action is regulated by a pea size Pituitary gland or sometimes referred as the Master Gland. Until now, very less has been known about these glands that their actions or functions are being interrupted or disturbed by chemicals or other environmental actions. There are certain chemicals which include chlorpyrifos, DDT, insecticides, pesticides, fungicides and other daily use items such as plastics, paints, furniture, perfumes, toys polishes, electronic gadgets, items of food packaging are reported to have disturbed the normal hormonal functions in humans that are leading to numerous diseases due to either lack of production of specific hormone or increased production of a specific hormone by the action of these chemicals. The diseases that are commonly reported due to the action of the above chemicals and daily use items includes neurological disorders, behavioral disorders, metabolic dysfunction leading to obesity or weakness, thyroid dysfunction, reproductive disturbances and several others that can prove fatal and lead to cancer as well.

35

Welch, Samuel A., Taylor Lane, Alizée O. S. Desrousseaux, Joanke van Dijk, Annika Mangold-Döring, Rudrani Gajraj, John D. Hader, et al. "ECORISK2050: An Innovative Training Network for predicting the effects of global change on the emission, fate, effects, and risks of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems." Open Research Europe 1 (May 16, 2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14283.2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

By 2050, the global population is predicted to reach nine billion, with almost three quarters living in cities. The road to 2050 will be marked by changes in land use, climate, and the management of water and food across the world. These global changes (GCs) will likely affect the emissions, transport, and fate of chemicals, and thus the exposure of the natural environment to chemicals. ECORISK2050 is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network that brings together an interdisciplinary consortium of academic, industry and governmental partners to deliver a new generation of scientists, with the skills required to study and manage the effects of GCs on chemical risks to the aquatic environment. The research and training goals are to: (1) assess how inputs and behaviour of chemicals from agriculture and urban environments are affected by different environmental conditions, and how different GC scenarios will drive changes in chemical risks to human and ecosystem health; (2) identify short-to-medium term adaptation and mitigation strategies, to abate unacceptable increases to risks, and (3) develop tools for use by industry and policymakers for the assessment and management of the impacts of GC-related drivers on chemical risks. This project will deliver the next generation of scientists, consultants, and industry and governmental decision-makers who have the knowledge and skillsets required to address the changing pressures associated with chemicals emitted by agricultural and urban activities, on aquatic systems on the path to 2050 and beyond.

36

Welch, Samuel A., Taylor Lane, Alizée O. S. Desrousseaux, Joanke van Dijk, Annika Mangold-Döring, Rudrani Gajraj, John D. Hader, et al. "ECORISK2050: An Innovative Training Network for predicting the effects of global change on the emission, fate, effects, and risks of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems." Open Research Europe 1 (December 20, 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14283.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

By 2050, the global population is predicted to reach nine billion, with almost three quarters living in cities. The road to 2050 will be marked by changes in land use, climate, and the management of water and food across the world. These global changes (GCs) will likely affect the emissions, transport, and fate of chemicals, and thus the exposure of the natural environment to chemicals. ECORISK2050 is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network that brings together an interdisciplinary consortium of academic, industry and governmental partners to deliver a new generation of scientists, with the skills required to study and manage the effects of GCs on chemical risks to the aquatic environment. The research and training goals are to: (1) assess how inputs and behaviour of chemicals from agriculture and urban environments are affected by different environmental conditions, and how different GC scenarios will drive changes in chemical risks to human and ecosystem health; (2) identify short-to-medium term adaptation and mitigation strategies, to abate unacceptable increases to risks, and (3) develop tools for use by industry and policymakers for the assessment and management of the impacts of GC-related drivers on chemical risks. This project will deliver the next generation of scientists, consultants, and industry and governmental decision-makers who have the knowledge and skillsets required to address the changing pressures associated with chemicals emitted by agricultural and urban activities, on aquatic systems on the path to 2050 and beyond.

37

Saganuwan, Saganuwan Alhaji. "Chemistry and Effects of Brainstem Acting Drugs." Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871524919666190620164355.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background: Brain is the most sensitive organ, whereas brainstem is the most important part of Central Nervous System (CNS). It connects the brain and the spinal cord. However, a myriad of drugs and chemicals affects CNS with severe resultant effects on the brainstem. Methods: In view of this, a number of literature were assessed for information on the most sensitive part of brain, drugs and chemicals that act on the brainstem and clinical benefit and risk assessment of such drugs and chemicals. Results: Findings have shown that brainstem regulates heartbeat, respiration and because it connects the brain and spinal cord, all the drugs that act on the spinal cord may overall affect the systems controlled by the spinal cord and brain. The message is sent and received by temporal lobe, occipital lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum. Conclusion: Hence, the chemical functional groups of the brainstem and drugs acting on brainstem are complementary, and may produce either stimulation or depression of CNS.

38

Faroon, Obaid M., Sam Keith, Dennis Jones, and Christopher De Rosa. "Carcinogenic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls." Toxicology and Industrial Health 17, no. 2 (March 2001): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233701th098oa.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of an important section of the Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls [ATSDR. 2000: Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.] into the scientific literature. This article focuses on the carcinogenic effects of this group of synthetic organic chemicals (polychlorinated biphenyls) in humans and animals. Information on other health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, biomarkers, interactions, chemical and physical properties, potential for human exposure, and regulations and advisories is detailed in the profile.

39

Zhang, Yinbing. "Research on Health Effects of Environmental Chemicals Based on Structure and Gene Association Analysis." Materials Physics and Chemistry 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/mpc.v1i4.791.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

<p>China is a major producer and consumer of chemicals. The production and use of chemicals play a role in the development of the entire national economy. Therefore, effective chemical management has a huge impact on the development of the national economy. At present, chemical management guidelines have achieved a lot in chemical operations, but there are still many shortcomings. Relevant institutions should further improve the standard system, strengthen the coordination of subjective institutions, the supervision and management, establish information standards, complete information sharing, build a feedback system, strengthen the transformation of experimental results and trust training.</p>

40

Manunayaka, G., and S. Ganesamoorthi. "Knowledge of Vegetable Growers on the Effects of Agricultural Chemicals." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (August 22, 2023): 784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102716.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The present study was conducted in Kolar district of Karnataka state during 2018-19 to understand the knowledge level of vegetable growers on the effects of agricultural chemicals. The data was collected from 120 vegetable growing farmers in Kolar and Malur talukas by applying simple random sampling technique and pretested interview schedule. Results revealed that more than forty per cent of the vegetable growers (42.50 %) possessed medium level of knowledge on the effects of agricultural chemicals, more than three fourth of the vegetable growers. (77.50 %) knew that taking bath using soap immediately after application of agricultural chemicals was a must, only 53.33 per cent. of the vegetable growers knew that red colour on the agricultural chemical container indicated extremely toxic level, sixty per cent of the vegetable growers knew that usage of same fertilizer for a long time reduces soil fertility, nearly seventy per cent of the vegetable growers (69.17 %) knew about importance of puncturing the pesticide bottle to prevent its reuse and burying it in the waste land as a safe method of disposal. The results of the study implies that still majority of the farmers were largely unaware of ill-effects of agro-chemicals on various entities like soil, underground water, water bodies, soil micro-organisms, natural predators as well as their personal health. This necessitates the extension agencies to sensitize farmers on optimum use of agro-chemicals for a sustainable farming and livelihood. Other variables like age, family size, annual income, size of land holding hardly associated with their knowledge on the effects of agricultural chemicals.

41

Walker, John D., David Knaebel, Kelly Mayo, Jay Tunkel, and D. Anthony Gray. "Use of QSARs to Promote More Cost-Effective Use of Chemical Monitoring Resources. 1. Screening Industrial Chemicals and Pesticides, Direct Food Additives, Indirect Food Additives and Pharmaceuticals for Biodegradation, Bioconcentration and Aquatic Toxicity Potential." Water Quality Research Journal 39, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2004.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Monitoring studies are expensive to conduct. To promote more cost-effective use of chemical monitoring resources, quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) are proposed as methods to identify chemicals that could be found in, and cause adverse effects to, organisms in water, sediment and soil from the Great Lakes basin. QSARs were used to predict the biodegradation, bioconcentration and aquatic toxicity potential of 2697 industrial chemicals and pesticides, 1146 direct food additives, 967 indirect food additives and 282 pharmaceuticals that could be released to the Great Lakes basin. The QSARs identified 47 industrial chemicals and pesticides, 20 direct food additives, 13 indirect food additives and 7 pharmaceuticals with bioconcentration or aquatic toxicity potential or potential to not biodegrade readily. Most of these chemicals were predicted to partition to sediments. Using QSARs to identify chemicals with potential to persist, bioconcentrate or partition to sediments will promote more cost-effective use of chemical monitoring resources by allowing researchers to focus their analytical techniques on measuring chemicals predicted to persist in water or soil, bioconcentrate in fish or partition to sediments so that the effects of these chemicals can be assessed on indigenous organisms.

42

Rogan, Walter J., and N. Beth Ragan. "Evidence of Effects of Environmental Chemicals on the Endocrine System in Children." Pediatrics 112, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2003): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.s1.247.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Pollutant chemicals that are widespread in the environment can affect endocrine signaling, as evidenced in laboratory experiments and in wildlife with relatively high exposures. Although humans are commonly exposed to such pollutant chemicals, the exposures are generally low, and clear effects on endocrine function from such exposures have been difficult to demonstrate. Several instances in which there are data from humans on exposure to the chemical agent and the endocrine outcome are reviewed, including age at weaning, age at puberty, and sex ratio at birth, and the strength of the evidence is discussed. Although endocrine disruption in humans by pollutant chemicals remains largely undemonstrated, the underlying science is sound and the potential for such effects is real.

43

Syrkasheva, Syrkasheva A. G., Dolgushina N. V. Dolgushina, and Yarotskaya E. L. Yarotskaya. "Effects of anthropogenic chemicals on reproduction." Akusherstvo i ginekologiia 3_2018 (April 4, 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2018.3.16-21.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Jones, L. A., and R. A. Hajek. "Effects of estrogenic chemicals on development." Environmental Health Perspectives 103, suppl 7 (October 1995): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103s763.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Shirai, Tomoyuki, Kumiko Ogawa, and Satoru Takahashi. "Carcinogenic Effects of Mixtures of Chemicals." Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 19, no. 1 (2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.19.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Hogan, M. D., J. R. Fouts, J. D. McKinney, and D. P. Rall. "Disease-Causing Effects of Environmental Chemicals." Medical Clinics of North America 74, no. 2 (March 1990): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30573-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Legler, Juliette. "Obesogenic effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals." Toxicology Letters 211 (June 2012): S25—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.113.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Suter, G. W., and M. H. Donker. "Parameters for population effects of chemicals." Science of The Total Environment 134 (January 1993): 1793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(05)80182-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Boas, Malene, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, and Katharina M. Main. "Thyroid effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 355, no. 2 (May 2012): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Barreiro, Rodolfo, and James R. Pratt. "Toxic effects of chemicals on microorganisms." Water Environment Research 64, no. 4 (June 1992): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1554-7531.1992.tb00045.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Chemicals effects'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles