Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical tests and reagents. Cyclopropane'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Chemical tests and reagents. Cyclopropane.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Chemical tests and reagents. Cyclopropane"
1
Burkhardt, A. E. "Chemical assays--new opportunities." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.9.1574.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The acceptance of the solid-phase format in various areas of clinical chemistry is the consequence of the advantages of this test format, which include stability of the reagents, unitized packaging, convenient and small instruments, and minimal preparations by users before testing. Overall, these advantages provide very convenient tests. Future successful uses of solid-phase reagents depend upon how well these features meet the needs of the users. Needs for systems to be used in the decentralized laboratory include even less cost, even more convenience, and improved quality control. Needs for home testing include convenient tests with clinically useful accuracy, improved quality control, and improved recording systems to overcome user bias in recording results. New solid-phase technologies being developed include noncolorimetric systems suitable for use with miniature probes, for in vitro or in vivo use, and spectrophotometric systems for determinations of analytes directly in capillaries of the skin without invasive sampling.
2
Yesentai, D. E. "Influence of anti-ice chemicals on reduction of strength properties of cement concrete." Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 79, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2021.1-29.
Full textAbstract:
In this article were analyzed the problems of liquidation winter slipperiness on the roads with hard surface using chemical reagents. The article analyzes the results of tests using traditional (chloride) and non-traditional chemical reagents and their influence on the strength properties of cement concrete.
3
Bach, Sylvie, Mohamed Naceur Belgacem, and Alessandro Gandini. "Hydrophobisation and densification of wood by different chemical treatments." Holzforschung 59, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.064.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Samples of Pinus sylvestris were treated with different reagents bearing isocyanate, carboxylic anhydride or oxirane functions to induce reaction with the OH groups of the various components of wood. Conditions were optimised to achieve maximum grafting. When the reagents also carried a polymerisable function, a monomer (styrene or methyl methacrylate) was incorporated into the wood morphology after the derivatisation reaction. Subsequent radical polymerisation produced chemical incorporation of some of the resulting macromolecules. The properties of the doubly modified samples were assessed using a wide variety of tests. Both the hydrophobic character and the density increased considerably, suggesting improved lifetime and extended domains of application.
4
Grélot, A., C. Machinal, K. Drouet, A. Tazi-Pain, J. C. Schrotter, A. Grasmick, and S. Grinwis. "In the search of alternative cleaning solutions for MBR plants." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 10 (November 1, 2008): 2041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.759.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the study was to identify alternative cleaning reagents to chlorine for membrane permeability regeneration in MBR applications. Indeed, chlorine is prohibited in some countries because of the formation of by-products such as THM. The study was focused on the comparison of ten cleaning reagents performances and in particular on their ability to remove irreversible fouling. The tests were carried on with the A3 Water Solutions' Maxflow membrane (flat sheet membrane). A specific experimental protocol was defined at lab scale to develop an irreversible fouling by filtering sludge supernatant. The more promising reagents at lab scale were then tested on the A3 membrane continuously immersed in a MBR pilot plant functioning under typical biological conditions (MLSS = 11 g/l; SRT = 28days). A full scale test was finally performed with hydrogen peroxide, one of the best reagents. Chlorine was taken as reference for all performed tests. The cleaning performances of the selected reagents were different at the different scales, probably due to the difficulty to obtain an irreversible membrane fouling at larger scales. This testing procedure will be reproduced with other membrane materials to have a better understanding of interactions between irreversible fouling, material nature and chemical reagents.
5
Berth, Mario, and Eugene Bosmans. "Prevention of Assay Interference in Infectious-Disease Serology Tests Done on the Liaison Platform." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, no. 5 (March 12, 2008): 891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00012-08.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Immunoassay interference causing unexpected reactive results in magnetic-microparticle-based assays was detected. A systematic evaluation of Liaison Epstein-Barr virus immunoglobulin M showed that 5% of the positive results (0.4% of tested samples) could be explained by such interference. Adding chemical blocking reagents (polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol) to the assay buffers partially prevented this phenomenon.
6
Barkovskii, N. V. "Identification of Fe (IV) in oxides by chemical test methods." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-6-5-13.
Full textAbstract:
A comparative analysis of the behavior of oxides containing Fe (III) and Fe (IV) in redox reactions with organic and inorganic reagents has been carried out. SrFeO3-x oxide obtained by solid-phase synthesis from SrCO3 and Fe2O3 has been an object to develop test methods. It has been shown that Fe (IV) exhibits the properties of a stronger oxidizer than Fe (III), thus providing a set of reagents which enable identification of Fe (IV): hydrobromic acid, Fe2+ complex with V (IV), and Mn (II) salts, and organic reagents, namely, amines (diphenylamine, o-tolidine, benzidine) and dyes (methyl red). Potentiometric method proved stronger oxidative properties of Fe (IV) compared to Fe (III) revealed in different character of changes in EMF during dissolution of the corresponding oxides in HCl. SrFeO3–x oxide does not oxidize Mn (II) to Mn (VII), Cr (III) to Cr (VI), Ce (III) to Ce (IV) in acidic media, and Cu (II) to Cu (III) in alkaline media. Since the oxide under study oxidize Cl– = 1.3583 V) and Br– = 1.087 V) ions to the corresponding halogens, but does not oxidize Mn2+ to = 1.51 V), an estimated value of the standard redox potential is ~1.4 V. We have developed for the first time a system of analytical tests for differentiation of Fe (IV) and Fe (III) which can provide monitoring of the synthesis of complex oxides and phase formation in the systems containing iron, alkali and alkaline earth metals.
7
Eksperiandova, L. P., S. V. Khimchenko, N. A. Stepanenko, and I. B. Shcherbakov. "Simple Instrumental and Visual Tests for Nonlaboratory Environmental Control." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1270629.
Full textAbstract:
Proposed are simple and available techniques that can be used for rapid and reliable environmental control specifically of natural water by means of instrumental and visual tests in outdoor conditions. Developed are the chemical colorimetric modes for fast detection of socially dangerous trace impurities in water such as Co(II), Pd(II), and Rh(III) as well asNO2--ions and Fe(III) serving as model impurities. Application of portable digital devices and scanner allows estimating the color coordinates and increasing the accuracy and sensitivity of the tests. The combination of complex formation with preconcentration of colored complexes replaces the sensitive but time-consuming and capricious kinetic method that is usually used for this purpose at the more convenient and reliable colorimetric method. As the test tools, the following ones are worked out: polyurethane foam tablets with sorbed colored complexes, the two-layer paper sandwich packaged in slide adapter and saturated by reagents, and polyethylene terephthalate blister with dried reagents. Fast analysis of polyurethane foam tablets is realized using a pocket digitalRGB-colorimeter or portable photometer. Express analysis of two-layer paper sandwich or polyethylene terephthalate blister is realized by visual and instrumental tests. The metrological characteristics of the developed visual and instrumental express analysis techniques are estimated.
8
Kricka, Larry J., and Jason Y. Park. "Dry Reagent Tests in the 1880s—Dr Pavy’s Pellets and Dr Oliver’s Papers." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 6, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 1025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background In the 1880s, concern over the inconvenience of hazardous chemical solutions used for bedside urinalysis sparked an interest in the development of dry reagents for a range of common urine tests. Content This article examines the history of Dr Pavy’s Pellets and Dr Oliver’s Papers, 2 different dry reagent systems developed in the 1880s for bedside urine testing. It sets these developments in the context of the earlier dry chemistry work (e.g., indicator papers) and the subsequent work that led to modern day reagent tablets and dipstick devices. Summary Tests based on dry reagents can be traced back to the 1st century, but active development, in the form of indicator papers, dates from the 1600s. In the 1880s, spurred by dissatisfaction with liquid-based bedside urine testing among clinicians, Dr Frederick William Pavy and Dr George Oliver developed dry reagent tests, based on pellets (Dr Pavy’s Pellets) and chemically impregnated papers (Dr Oliver’s Papers) for urine sugar and urine albumin. These reagents were commercialized by a number of companies and provided in convenient cases (Physician’s Pocket Reagent Case). Eventually, these tests lost popularity and were replaced by the type of tablets and dipsticks developed by both Eli Lilly, and the Ames Division of Miles Laboratories (subsequently Bayer, and currently Siemens Healthineers) during the 1940s and 1950s.
9
Rzhevskaya, Elena V., Vladlena V. Davydova, and Igor V. Dolbin. "Study of the Influence of the Chemical Resistance of Polyphenylenesulphone from Radel on Mechanical Properties." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.245.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the results of a study of the chemical resistance and mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone manufactured by Solvay, Radel brand, obtained by injection molding. Chemical resistance was investigated in short-term tests (24 hours duration), standard (7 days) and long-term (16 weeks). The mechanics of PPSU samples after exposure to chemical reagents is presented. It was revealed in what chemical environments and how much the mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone are preserved.
10
Monette, Frédéric, François G. Brière, Michel Létourneau, Marc Duchesne, and Robert Hausler. "Traitement des eaux usées par coagulation-floculation avec recirculation des boues chimiques : Influence des réactifs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 719–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-046.
Full textAbstract:
Three series of tests were carried out at laboratory and pilot levels to examine the functions of reagents (coagulant, flocculant, sludge) involved in a coagulation-flocculation process with chemical sludge recycling. Results showed that the recycled sludge participates favourably in the process. The gains in efficiency are particularely significant for lower coagulant concentrations when flocculant concentration is not limitative. The pollutant removal increases with the sludge recycling load but seems reversible and dependent on coagulant concentration. Results also revealed the advantages of recycling sludge before injecting coagulant. To decrease the total chemical costs at a wastewater treatment plant, the strategy must focus on diminishing the coagulant concentration and increasing the flocculant concentration while maintaining a sufficient recycling sludge load to ensure gains in efficiency.Key words: recycling, sludge, preformed flocs, reagents, coagulation-flocculation, treatment, wastewater.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical tests and reagents. Cyclopropane"
1
Karunaratne, Veranja. "Donor-Acceptor reagents derived from 4-chloro-2-trimethylstannyl-1-butene, application to the total syntheses of (±)-\delta]9(12)-capnellene and (±)-pentalenene." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25810.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the preparation of 4-chloro-2-trimethyl-stannyl-1-butene (8̲4̲) and its conversion into a number of structurally interesting and synthetically useful donor-acceptor reagents. Thus, transmetalation of (8̲4̲) with methyllithium produced 4-chloro-2-lithio-1-butene (9̲5̲), which reacted smoothly at -78°C in tetrahydrofuran with aldehydes, ketones and α,β-unsaturated N,N',N'-trimethylcarboxhydrazides to provide the addition products (1̲0̲8̲)-(̲1̲1̲3̲) and (̲1̲2̲8̲)-(̲1̲3̲0̲). When the reaction mixtures were treated with hexamethylphosphoramide and were then allowed to warm to room temperature, the 3-methylenetetrahydro-furan derivatives (̲1̲1̲4̲)-(̲1̲1̲9̲) and the 3-methylenecyclopentanecarboxylic acid derivatives (̲1̲3̲1̲)-(̲1̲3̲3̲) were produced in good yields.
Treatment of reagent (̲9̲5̲) with 1 equiv of phenylthiocopper or cuprous cyanide provided solutions of the corresponding cuprate reagents (̲1̲7̲9̲) and (̲1̲8̲0̲). Conjugate addition of the latter species to the cyclic enones (̲1̲8̲1̲)-(̲1̲8̲6̲) afforded very good yields of the ketones (̲1̲8̲7̲)-(̲1̲9̲2̲), which, when treated with potassium hydride in tetrahydrofuran, provided the methylenecyclopentane annulation products (̲1̲̲9̲3̲)-(̲1̲9̲8̲), respectively.
This methylenecyclopentane annulation method served as a key
process in the total synthesis of two structurally interesting triquinane
sesquiterpenoids, (±)-Δ⁹⁽¹²⁾ -capnellene (̲2̲0̲5̲) and (±)-pentalenene (̲2̲5̲1̲). Thus, copper bromide - dimethylsulfide catalyzed addition of the Grignard reagent (̲2̲3̲3̲) to 2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (̲1̲8̲4̲), followed by intramolecular
alkylation of the resultant chloro ketone (̲1̲9̲0̲), gave the annulation product (̲1̲9̲6̲). This material was converted into the enone (̲2̲3̲1̲) , which was subjected to an annulation sequence identical with
that used in the conversion of (̲1̲8̲4̲) into (̲1̲9̲6̲). Removal of the
carbonyl group from the resultant product (̲2̲3̲2̲) provided (±)-Δ⁹⁽¹²⁾ capnellene (̲2̲0̲5̲).
Transformation of the readily available keto acetal (̲2̲8̲̲7̲) into the enone (̲2̲8̲4̲), followed by subjection of the latter substance to the methylenecyclopentane annulation sequence, gave the tetracyclic keto olefin (̲2̲8̲5̲). Treatment of an acetic acid solution of this material with hydrogen in the presence of platinum metal produced a mixture of the epimeric ketones (2̲9̲8̲) and (2̲9̲9̲), which was converted into a mixture of (±)-pentalenene (2̲5̲1̲) and (±)-9-e̲p̲i̲-pentalenene (2̲6̲9̲), respectively. [Formula Omitted]Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
2
Holt, Jay. "1,8-Diarylanthracenes as reagents for asymmetric synthesis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29902.
Full text
3
Wang, Lanquing. "Characterization of selenide drugs and their metabolites by hydride generation ICP-MS and HPLC/ICP-MS." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28041.
Full text
4
Adeosun, Adetenu Adebisi. "Novel alkylidenation, epimetallation and hydrometallation reactions of group 4 metal alkyls." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3150494.
Full text
5
Bodzay, Steve J. "Organotin reagents toward the preparation of cyclic disulfides and related compounds." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72827.
Full text
6
Nielsen, Randall Gunnar. "Preparation and characterization of immunological reagents for analytical applications." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184395.
Full textAbstract:
Immunochemical reagents were characterized under carefully controlled laboratory conditions using conventional high performance liquid chromatography instrumentation. The stationary phase was prepared by attaching antigen molecules to an insoluble support through a covalent linkage. Experiments were carried out by introducing antibody molecules into the mobile phase and monitoring their interaction with the stationary phase. Monoclonal antibodies were employed because of their more homogeneous properties compared to polyclonal antisera. Radioisotopes were employed to study low level adsorption on the stationary phase. Recovery experiments were carried out in which it was possible to account for all of the material introduced into the mobile phase. Antibodies were purified over a preparative scale antigen affinity column following labeling to insure high immunoreactivity. Studied under normally dissociating conditions, irreversible adsorption of picomole amounts of protein on the antigen stationary phase was greater than on other ligand modified stationary phases. This accumulation decreased with repeated use of the affinity column. The present study provides a framework for evaluation of other immunoaffinity systems and demonstrates that reproducible recovery of immunologically active material in high yield is possible. Monoclonal antibodies labeled with fluorescein were different from unlabeled molecules in binding and physical characteristics. Computer simulations were used to describe binding behavior. Although fluorescein labels improve detection sensitivity over native protein absorbance, their use in this case decreased binding affinity significantly. Heterogeneity of affinity purified fluorescein labeled and unlabeled monoclonal antibodies was examined with two dimensional gel electrophoresis. In addition to increased charge heterogeneity in the labeled antibody fragments, both light and heavy chains possessed more negative character. These results agree with each other. Fluorescein contains a carboxylic acid group, and modification of antibody light chains may interfere with binding affinity. The number and location of labels covalently attached to antibodies must be carefully controlled to obtain maximum detection sensitivity and preserve immunoreactivity.
7
Fu, Yunyi Michael. "Development of a polymer-supported reagent for Trost-Lu isomerization reactions and reagents for Mitsunobu reactions." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39793989.
Full text
8
Fu, Yunyi Michael, and 付運毅. "Development of a polymer-supported reagent for Trost-Lu isomerization reactions and reagents for Mitsunobu reactions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39793989.
Full text
9
Terhune, Tammy Lee 1962. "Preparation of immunochemical reagents for a non-competitive assay for the detection of haptens." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276829.
Full textAbstract:
The strategy required for the development of the immunochemical reagents needed for a non-competitive assay for the detection of haptens was investigated. For this work, these reagents were termed "anti-complex" antibodies. To preserve the integrity of such an assay, these "anti-complex" antibodies should not react with either the free anti-hapten antibody or the free hapten and they should not compete with the hapten for binding to the anti-hapten antibody. Anti-hapten hybridomas were developed using standard hybridoma technology. The development of anti-complex hybridomas was investigated using standard hybridoma technology and the novel approach of intrasplenic immunization. Both immunization protocols addressed the three questions concerning the strategy for developing such hybridomas, namely the type of immunization (snygeneic or allogeneic), the physico-chemical nature of the hapten in the complex (free or conjugated) and the physico-chemical nature of the anti-hapten antibody in the complex (intact or fragmented). (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
10
Lau, Kwok-kin. "The chemistry of lanthanide complexes with amide and carboxylate ligands /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36584654.
Full textBooks on the topic "Chemical tests and reagents. Cyclopropane"
1
Shahani, Shalini. Reagents for chromatography. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 2002.
Find full text
9
Ueno, Keihei. Handbook of organic analytical reagents. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1992.
Find full text
10
Wang, Zerong. Comprehensive organic name reactions and reagents. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Chemical tests and reagents. Cyclopropane"
1
Bell, Michael J., Michael L. Thompson, and Philip W. Moody. "Using Soil Tests to Evaluate Plant Availability of Potassium in Soils." In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 191–218. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to describe how bioavailable soil K is assessed or predicted by soil tests. Soil testing commonly refers to the collection of a sample of soil representative of a field or agronomic management unit and, by way of extraction using chemical reagents, determination of the quantity of a nutrient that can be related to plant uptake or yield. Normally only a small fraction of the total quantity of the nutrient present in the soil is extracted during the procedure, but if that amount can be correlated with actual crop uptake or overall crop productivity, then the soil test is deemed to have useful predictive power.Soil tests are routinely used to guide applications of fertilizer to soil so that crop demand for nutrients can be met effectively and economically. Here, we summarize the procedures involved in collecting a representative soil sample for K analysis, outline how that sample should be prepared for laboratory analysis, highlight the principles and mode of action of routine soil tests, and explore some common issues that may confound the correlation between a soil K test result and plant K acquisition or crop yield. Soil testing methods are discussed in the context of their relationship to the different forms of soil K and the in-soil chemical processes that may change these forms into K that can be taken up by roots.
2
White, Peter D., and Weng C. Chan. "Basic principles." In Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637256.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Construction of a peptide chain on an insoluble solid support has obvious benefits: separation of the intermediate peptides from soluble reagents and solvents can be effected simply by filtration and washing with consequent savings in time and labour over the corresponding operations in solution synthesis; many of the operations are amenable to automation; excess reagents can be employed to help to drive reactions to completion; and physical losses can be minimized as the peptide remains attached to the support throughout the synthesis. This approach does, however, have its attendant limitations. By-products arising from either incomplete reactions, side reactions, or impure reagents will accumulate on the resin during chain assembly and contaminate the final product. The effects on product purity of achieving less than 100% chemical efficiency in every step are illustrated dramatically in Table 1. This has serious implications with regard to product purification as the impurities generated will, by their nature, be very similar to the desired peptide and therefore extremely difficult to remove. Furthermore, the analytical techniques employed for following the progress of reactions in solution are generally not applicable, and recourse must generally be made to simple qualitative colour tests to detect the presence of residual amines on the solid phase. The principles of solid phase synthesis are illustrated in Figure 1. The C-terminal amino acid residue of the target peptide is attached to an insoluble support via its carboxyl group. Any functional groups in amino acid side chains must be masked with permanent protecting groups that are not affected by the reactions conditions employed during peptide chain assembly. The temporary protecting group masking the α-amino group during the initial resin loading is removed. An excess of the second amino acid is introduced, with the carboxy group of this amino acid being activated for amide bond formation through generation of an activated ester or by reaction with a coupling reagent. After coupling, excess reagents are removed by washing and the protecting group removed from the N-terminus of the dipeptide, prior to addition of the third amino acid residue.
3
Abdulwahab Alfahad, Maadh. "The Activity of New Bio-Agent to Control Cucumovirus Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)." In Studies on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96587.
Full textAbstract:
CMV virus is worldwide, especially in temperate regions, where it can infect more than 800 plant species belonging to about 40 families. Although the main factor that the plant takes in order not to be infected is because it has preventive means that inhibit the direction of pathogens so that the infection occurs under conditions that suit it and suit its success. Cucumber Mosaic Virus belongs to the group of plant viruses to the genus Cucumovirus, as the virus particles are symmetrically spherical, not enveloped, with a diameter of 29 nm, and the virus has several strains that differ among themselves in terms of factors, symptoms of infection and methods of transmission. The stimulation of induced systemic resistance (ISR) leads to the interest of many researchers. Many types of research and studies have been conducted in the field of biochemical changes in the form of modulating the host’s cell wall. The production of phytoalexin. And the manufacture of pathogen-related proteins (Pathogenesis Related Protein). It has been indicated that treatment with various factors, for example (non-pathogenic organisms, weak pathogens, chemical and industrial compounds, plant extracts, nutritional supplements) has the ability to activate plant defense mechanisms and induce systemic resistance against pathogens. In the field of biological control, bacterial types have been used on many pathogens, including fluorescens Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtillus, as they have proven effective in controlling many different fungal and bacterial pathogens as well as viral, and the reason is due to the ability of the bacteria to produce many growth regulators and thus stimulate resistance The systemic plant and the production of phytotoxins are in addition to being one of the most important growth stimuli. New methods have been used to resist viruses by using natural nutritional supplements with effective effect, because plants have defensive means, and for this reason, the use of these supplements can be stimulated in addition to the preventive aspect, a decrease in infection parameters, and an increase in growth indicators and outcome. Several methods have been relied upon to diagnose viruses, the first being the symptoms of reagents, and they are of basic methods. After that, serological tests were adopted, which are highly specialized and accurate in diagnosing viruses, and electron microscopy was used as a method to detect the size and shape of viruses. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology is a fast and accurate way to detect plant viruses compared to other tests, such as the ELISA test and plant reagents.
Conference papers on the topic "Chemical tests and reagents. Cyclopropane"
1
Rahman, M. Shafiqur, and Uttam K. Chakravarty. "Characterizations of Diagnostic Properties and Detection Techniques of Fentanyl and Related Synthetic Opioids." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87803.
Full textAbstract:
Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, is an extremely fast-acting synthetic narcotic analgesic having a high potency of approximately 100 to 200 times that of Morphine. As the synthetic opioid crisis continues to sweep across the world, detection technologies are required to be enhanced to detect, categorize, and identify synthetic opioids effectively. To detect fentanyl and its analogues, immunoassay screens are commercially available for urine specimens. Simple colorimetric assays, i.e., spot tests with paper strips, offer speed, simplicity of operation, portability, and affordability. The microfluidic behavior of the paper strips along with the properties of chemical reagents play significant role in drug detection methods. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to characterize the chemical properties of fentanyl and its analogues and to conduct microfluidic analysis for design optimization and performance evaluation of the fentanyl test strips. A computational fluid dynamics model is developed to evaluate the microfluidic properties. Analytical study and Experiments with test-kit samples are also conducted to validate the results of the numerical simulation. Finally, the performance parameters based on microfluidic analysis were reported showing the room for improvements in the detection technology of fentanyl and related synthetic opioids.
2
Jia, Zhanzhan, Ravish Rawal, Jon Isaacs, and Sia Nemat-Nasser. "Tailored Polyurea-Glass Interfaces and the Characterization by the Single-Fiber Fragmentation." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63736.
Full textAbstract:
Polyurea is an elastomer that has been intensively researched due to its excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Polyurea based composite material has recently become a research interest to further explore what this polymer has to offer. In order to better understand the overall static or dynamic mechanical properties of the polyurea based composites, how to tailor and characterize the polyurea-filler interface has become a crucial problem. This study focuses on one of the filler materials, glass. Three types of polyurea-glass interfaces are studied by using silane reagents that have similar molecular structures but with different end functional groups to modify the glass surfaces. Accordingly, bonds with different strengths are formed between the glass and the polyurea through the different chemical character of the reagent molecules. The polyurea-glass interfacial properties are tested by the single-fiber fragmentation, which is a widely used method to test the shear properties of the interface between the fiber and the polymer. Single-fiber fragmentation samples are fabricated by casting a single glass fiber along the axial direction of the dogbone-shaped polyurea tension test sample. Tension tests are conducted and the continuous photoelastic videos are taken to observe the single fiber fragmentation process until the fragmentation reaches its saturation state. Meanwhile, stress-strain data are recorded. By analyzing the single-fiber fragmentation data, the polyurea-glass interfacial shear strengths are calculated. The observation of the debonding zones at the interface is used to find the approximate models for the interfacial shear adhesion of polyurea-glass interfaces for different reagents, hence proving the potential for tailoring of the interfacial strength using surface treatment.
3
Katou, Hajime, and Ryou Miyake. "Development on a Non-Contact Mixing Device for Micro-Liquids." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45291.
Full textAbstract:
We have developed a new device that can mix a micro-liquid without contact (i.e., one without a paddle or a screw). Essentially, non-contact mixing does not cause any cross-contamination or carryover, therefore it should be applied to a chemical analyzer, where high accuracy is needed. In the field of chemical analysis, especially for medical diagnostics using blood, decreasing the volume of samples and reagents is very important. Chemical analysis at low sample and reagent volumes will bring several merits: 1) Low sample volume will reduce indisposition in patients. 2) Low sample volume will allow analysis in babies or infants, from whom large samples can’t be collected the supply of. 3) Low reagent volume will reduce the cost of testing. 4) Low reagent volume will reduce exhausting liquids after tests. In our laboratory, we have found that a liquid in a vessel can flow when a proper wave on a free surface is generated. Using this phenomenon, we developed a non-contact mixing device for micro-liquids. To generate a wave on a free surface, we used an ultrasound. The free surface is pushed out when the ultrasound propagating in the liquid reaches the free surface. This effect is due to the radiation pressure caused by an ultrasound. Our developed mixing device consists of only two mechanical components: a vessel and a sound source. The vessel used in our demonstration was rectangular. A cross section of the vessel was 3.8 × 5.6 mm, with a depth of 20 mm and walls 0.6 mm thick. Thus, this vessel can be filled with about 400 μ L of liquid. Actually, because a portion is needed to hold the vessel, we used less than 12 mm of the depth (250 μ L liquid). The frequency of the ultrasound we used was 1.6 MHz, and the sound source for emitting the ultrasound was made of PZT. To obtain its effective power, the PZT thickness resonance was used. Therefore, we made the PZT plate 1.1 mm thick. The sound source was arranged outside the vessel, and it emitted ultrasound toward the free surface in the vessel. Emitted ultrasound permeates through the wall of a vessel and reaches the free surface of a liquid. When it is pulsatile, the ultrasound reaching the free surface generates a wave. In the liquid under the wavy free surface, a circulating flow occurs. The intensity of the flow depends on the amplitude and frequency of the surface. From our theoretical and experimental study, we found that the best pulsating frequency was 20 Hz for our vessel. We measured the velocity of the circulating flow under this condition by using PIV. The results were that a maximum velocity of 300 mm/sec was observed. In the next step, we applied our device to mixing a real sample and reagent. A serum of a horse was used as the sample. In general, there is a difference in refractive index between the sample and reagent. By using the Schlieren visualization method, we observed the mixing process between the sample and reagent, and evaluated the mixing time needed for them to be fully homogeneous. Our results demonstrated that 250 μ L of liquid can be mixed within 1.8 sec.
4
von dem Borne, A. E. G. Kr, and W. H. Ouwehand. "ALLOIMMUNIZATION TO PLATELET TRANSFUSIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643997.
Full textAbstract:
Alloimmunization against platelets is an important cause of refractioness to transfusion of this blood product.It may occur in up to 66% of patients, with malignant blood diseases or aplastic anaemia, whoreceive platelet transfusions for thrombocytopenia.The alloantibodies responsible for refractioness areoften anti-HLA-ABC antibodies, but in about 20% platelet specific allo- antibodies may (also) play a role.In recent years major progress has been made in the methodology of platelet antibody detection. Reliabletechniques to detect platelet antibodies and antigens have been developed, based on the antiglobulin principle. Platelet immunofluorescence is the standard and reference method, but platelet radio-immuno assays and enzyme-linked immuno-assay appear to be good alternatives. A problem is still the quality of the antiglobulin reagents applied, which appears to be often poor.A new development is the study of antibody binding at the level of platelet membrane glycoproteins, instead of intact platelets. This can be done in the immunoblot, but also with chemically purified glycoproteins, or glycoproteins specifically captured by monoclonal antibodies. It gives direct information aboutthe chemical structures involved in the alloimmune response. Most of these methods are still in the investigational stage, but the immunoblot has already found a place in the routine laboratory. A limitation of the immunoblot is that it is quite insensitive and often gives non-specific results.An important question in platelet serology is whether a positive platelet antibody test is due to HLA-antibodies or to platelet specific antibodies. To answer this question, combined tests on platelets and lymphocytes, obtained from the same donor, are usuallyperformed. Complicated studies on cell panels of typed donors, with absorptions and elutions, may often be necessary.However chloroquine treatment of the platelets, which leads to elution of HLA-antigens, isthan a very helpfull new technique, as are techniqueswhich use isolated glycoproteins.Platelet specific antibodies may be directed againsthidden or cryptic antigens of glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa, which are exposed upon alteration of the platelets, for instance by fixation or Na2EDTA.The recognition of such antibodies is important, because they are not responsible for increased platelet destruction and may cause 'falsely 'positive test results.Modern platelet antibody technology has made it possible to perform platelet crossmatching. In refractory patients an obvious first approach is the selection of platelets from cross-match negative random donors. In many patients satisfactory platelets increments can be obtained again in this way. Only in patients with multiple HLA antibodies in the blood, HLA-typing and the transfusion of HLA-compatible donor platelets is than necessary.HLA-alloimmunization occurs much more frequently on blood products that contain leukocytes. It has been postulated that mixed lymphocyte reactions, which take place between the lymphocytes of the donor and the patient in vivo, are an important stimulus for theimmunization to occur. Leukocyte depletion of blood products (red cells, platelets) is therefore advicedto prevent it. This can be done by differential centrifugation, but also by cotton wool filtration. However the best method is not yet know and controlled studies are badly needed.