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Journal articles on the topic 'CHEMICAL TECHNIQUE'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

Last updated: 16 April 2024

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1

B. A. Ezekoye, B. A. Ezekoye, P. O. Offor P.O. Offor, V. A. Ezekoye V. A. Ezekoye, and F. I. Ezema F. I. Ezema. "Chemical Bath Deposition Technique of Thin Films: A Review." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/149.

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2

Kamarun, Dzaraini, Khadijah Omar, and Farida Zuraina Yusof. "Chemical and Thermal Analysis of Silk and Silk-Like Fibres." Advanced Materials Research 1134 (December 2015): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1134.123.

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Natural silk and silk-like synthetic fibres share common external features and ‘hand’ characteristics which cause confusion to end users. Standard chemical tests are the best known technique available but not the most desirable due to the use of chemicals. An alternative technique, thermogravimmetric analysis using a thermogravimmetric analyzer (TGA) is as reliable and is more environmental-friendly. Several fabric samples of natural (silk) and synthetic origin were tested for comparison using the two techniques: TGA and a standard chemical procedure. Bivoltaine and multivoltaine cocoons were used as standards. It was found that all fabric samples tested using TGA agreed with the results obtained from chemical analysis implying the potential of using TGA as an alternative technique to the wet chemical method.

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3

Guan, Yuduo, Bin Ai, Zengyao Wang, Chong Chen, Wei Zhang, Yu Wang, and Gang Zhang. "In Situ Chemical Patterning Technique." Advanced Functional Materials 32, no. 2 (October 7, 2021): 2107945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202107945.

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4

Chaudhari, Manisha, and Krunal Solanki. "Role of Crisper-Cas Technique in Bioremediation of Pesticides." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1208.010.

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Pesticides, insecticides, certain pharmaceuticals, chemically dangerous chemicals which can pollute the environment. Pesticides are primarily used to manage plants, flies, parasitic fungus, and parasites in crop fields. The desire to limit pesticide effects on soil and offsite environments has encouraged research interest in pesticide and related chemical biodegradation. As a result, quick and safe agents for environmental bioremediation, individual decontamination, and therapeutic detoxication are urgently needed. Bioremediation is environment friendly so if we use such kind of technique then more helpful. The ability of microorganisms to degrade complex chemical substances in the environment is referred to as bioremediation. The discovery of CRISPR, mechanism of the CRISPR-based nuclear adaptive immune system "CRISPR associated system, Cas", and its diversion to powerful tools for gene editing revolutionize the field of molecular biology. Brought about and stimulated new and improved gene therapy. By using CRISPR technique transfer desired gene and decrease toxic elements.

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Parulekar, Prasad J. "Chemical Plant Utility – Nitrogen System Design." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39047.

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Abstract: The study is been conducted to understand the different techniques to separate nitrogen from atmospheric air. Separation of nitrogen takes place by following techniques: Cryogenic air separation, Pressure swing adsorption and Membrane separation technique. Cryogenic air separation operates at a very low temperature, which uses the principle of rectification to separate nitrogen at a very high purity (99.999%). Pressure swing adsorption rely on the fact that higher the pressure, more the gas is adsorbed which results in high purity (95-99.99%) of nitrogen. Membrane separation technology is the process that uses hollow fibre membranes to separate the constituent gases in air, which gives the purity in the range of 93%-99.5%. After the comparative study, it is understood that membrane separation technique is the most efficient technology based on the cost, purity, flexibility in terms of adjusting the purity, maintenance, availability; it operates without heating and therefore uses less energy than conventional thermal separation processes. Different step designs of membrane separation techniques are discussed. A Process Flow Diagram and Piping Instrumentation Diagram is been added for single step membrane separation technique. Keywords: Atmospheric air, nitrogen, Cryogenic air separation, Pressure swing adsorption, Membrane separation technique.

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6

Cherney, Daniel P. "Chemical Mapping of Rubbers and Polymers via Confocal Raman Spectroscopic Imaging." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 82, no. 4 (September 1, 2009): 418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548255.

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Abstract Confocal Raman Spectroscopic Imaging has been demonstrated as a non-destructive technique to determine the spatial and chemical content of rubbers and polymers. Raman spectroscopy is a particularly useful tool for characterizing chemicals and mixtures because each chemically-distinct species has a unique Raman spectrum. The addition of confocal optics to the microscope greatly improves both the lateral and axial spatial resolution of the instrument. The lateral resolution of the instrument is less than one-third of a micron. The axial resolution, the resolution in the direction of incident light propagation, is as good as two microns with an air objective and on the order of a micron for an oil immersion objective. The vast enhancement of resolution provided by the confocal optical arrangement allows rubber and polymer mixtures to be mapped in multiple dimensions with excellent spatial, chemical, and morphological specificity. Confocal Raman microscopy is a rapid technique that should be considered as an alternative, or in addition, to analysis that requires other microscopic techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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7

Chia, Victor. "A Review of Analytical Techniques for Identifying Contaminants in the Semiconductor Industry." Journal of the IEST 45, no. 1 (September 14, 2002): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.45.1.f686p346016054p1.

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The appropriate analytical technique to characterize contamination requires the correct measurement instrument, together with careful experimental design and data analysis to eliminate random and systematic errors. When selecting the analytical technique for a specific application, it is important to recognize the advantages and limitations of the technique. This paper reviews common analytical techniques to monitor the purity of cleaning chemicals, solvents, and water; cleanroom environment and components; wafer boxes; and wafers. The techniques described are wet chemical analytical methods and microanalytical methods.

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8

Ganguly, Sutapa, Sukhen Das, and Sujata G. Dastidar. "A study on structural ,morphological and chemical composition of zinc sulphide nanoparticles synthesized by a simple chemical technique." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2013/161.

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9

Pan, Yanhong, Liang Hu, and Tao Zhao. "Applications of chemical imaging techniques in paleontology." National Science Review 6, no. 5 (October 10, 2018): 1040–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy107.

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AbstractChemical imaging techniques, based on a combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, are designed to analyse the composition and spatial distribution of heterogeneous chemical complexes within a sample. Over the last few decades, it has become an increasingly popular tool for characterizing trace elements, isotopic information and organic biomarkers (molecular biosignatures) found in fossils. Here, we introduce the analytical principle of each technique and the interpretation of the chemical signals, followed by a review of the main applications of these techniques in paleontology. We also demonstrate that each technique is associated with pros and cons, and the current limitations and obstacles associated with the use of each specific technique should be taken into account before being applied to fossil samples. Finally, we propose that, due to the rapid advances in the available technology and overall trends towards more multi-disciplinary studies in paleontology, chemical imaging techniques can be expected to have broader applications in paleontology in the near future.

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10

Kodikara, J. K., F. Rahman, and S. L. Barbour. "Towards a more rational approach to chemical compatibility testing of clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-003.

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Chemical compatibility tests using hydraulic conductivity testing with chemical permeants are normally undertaken to assess the integrity of compacted clayey liners used for waste containment. This paper highlights the fact that current routine methods of flexible wall and rigid wall testing techniques fail to represent the zero lateral strain boundary condition that is required to realistically represent the field situation. The test results indicate that flexible wall permeameters underestimate the likely increases in hydraulic conductivity due to chemicals, while the rigid wall permeameters can severely overestimate these effects. A new test technique, which incorporates the zero lateral strain condition in a simple manner, is presented. This technique involves the use of a rigid wall concept in a flexible wall permeameter. A split rigid mould is used to encase the soil specimen that is glued to the internal surfaces of the mould, to apply the zero lateral strain boundary condition. The new technique is shown to be suitable for both chemical compatibility and desiccation testing. The tests were undertaken with varying concentrations of saline water, methanol, and landfill leachate. The test results indicate that the new technique produces results that fall between the results obtained from flexible wall and rigid wall permeameters. It is argued that the new test technique provides a more rational approach for chemical compatibility testing than the current rigid wall and flexible wall techniques.Key words: soil, hydraulic conductivity, chemical compatibility, landfill, permeameter, boundary condition.

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11

Cheng, W. "Chemical extraction technique for tattoo removal." British Journal of Dermatology 151, no. 6 (December 2004): 1282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06287.x.

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12

Berg, Albrecht. "Chemistry and chemical technique—Special dictionary." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 43, no. 1 (June 1997): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0302-4598(97)00030-5.

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13

Patil, Pramod S. "Versatility of chemical spray pyrolysis technique." Materials Chemistry and Physics 59, no. 3 (June 1999): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-0584(99)00049-8.

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14

Durai, Rajaraman, and Happy Hoque. "Chemical sympatholysis: indications, technique and complications." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 69, no. 11 (November 2008): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2008.69.11.31652.

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15

Reine, Barbara A. "Tissue Printing for Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis." Microscopy Today 2, no. 1 (February 1994): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500062076.

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The study of plant morphology and plant cells in the scanning electron microscope is often compromised by the limitations of specimen preparation techniques. Air drying usually results in unacceptable shrinkage and distortion of the normal surface morphology of plant cells. Chemical fixation followed by critical point drying or chemical drying using fluorocarbon compounds improves morphological results but still imparts artifacts, adds chemical constituents to the specimen, and requires the use of toxic chemicals, a hood, and much time.One technique that eliminates many of these disadvantages and is even suitable for specimen preparation in the field is tissue printing. For easy, quick recording of stem anatomy and collection of cell exudates for subsequent analysis, its “elegant simlicity” is compelling. Historically, the application of tissue printing has been in connection with optical microscopy. However, this technique works very well for SEM and associated elemental characterization of residues by x-ray microanalysis. The tissue print technique applied to SEM is much the same as for optical microscopy.

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16

Fuji, Taiki, Shiori Nakazawa, and Kiyoto Ito. "Feasible-metabolic-pathway-exploration technique using chemical latent space." Bioinformatics 36, Supplement_2 (December 2020): i770—i778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa809.

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Abstract Motivation Exploring metabolic pathways is one of the key techniques for developing highly productive microbes for the bioproduction of chemical compounds. To explore feasible pathways, not only examining a combination of well-known enzymatic reactions but also finding potential enzymatic reactions that can catalyze the desired structural changes are necessary. To achieve this, most conventional techniques use manually predefined-reaction rules, however, they cannot sufficiently find potential reactions because the conventional rules cannot comprehensively express structural changes before and after enzymatic reactions. Evaluating the feasibility of the explored pathways is another challenge because there is no way to validate the reaction possibility of unknown enzymatic reactions by these rules. Therefore, a technique for comprehensively capturing the structural changes in enzymatic reactions and a technique for evaluating the pathway feasibility are still necessary to explore feasible metabolic pathways. Results We developed a feasible-pathway-exploration technique using chemical latent space obtained from a deep generative model for compound structures. With this technique, an enzymatic reaction is regarded as a difference vector between the main substrate and the main product in chemical latent space acquired from the generative model. Features of the enzymatic reaction are embedded into the fixed-dimensional vector, and it is possible to express structural changes of enzymatic reactions comprehensively. The technique also involves differential-evolution-based reaction selection to design feasible candidate pathways and pathway scoring using neural-network-based reaction-possibility prediction. The proposed technique was applied to the non-registered pathways relevant to the production of 2-butanone, and successfully explored feasible pathways that include such reactions.

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17

Mustafa, Ali Mundher. "Chemical Extractive Technique for Commercial Purity Metals." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.21030320.

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Commercial purity iron powders were produced by using a new hydrometallurgy process. It was found that the most important factor in enhancing the purity of iron was the number of water washing process. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the high peak purity of iron powder increased with increasing the number of water washing. The developed new methodology was based on the reaction between the aqueous ferrous sulfate and the hydrochloric acid with the presence of high purity aluminum flake. The purity of iron powders increased considerably with increasing the multi-water washing for leachate containing iron powders. The purity of iron powders was reached up to approximately 93.5%. The mean particle size distribution and apparent density for the highest value of purity are 50-100 µm and 2.85 g/cm3 respectively.

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18

Razak, H. A., A. K. Mahde, and A. H. Yahya. "Chemical cellulation technique for lightweight clay bricks." British Ceramic Transactions 101, no. 4 (August 2002): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096797802225003352.

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19

Wolfenstine, J., R. P. Kershaw, W. J. Kim, and O. D. Sherby. "Thermal-chemical etching technique for hypereutectic irons." Materials Characterization 24, no. 4 (June 1990): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1044-5803(90)90043-j.

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20

Torii, Toru, Tomohiro Taniguchi, Masaya Tokoro, and Toshiro Higuchi. "Micro chemical reactor using electrostatic manipulation technique." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2002 (2002): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2002.52_1.

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21

Cuschieri, A., A. A. Abd el Ghany, and M. P. Holley. "Successful chemical cholecystectomy: a laparoscopic guided technique." Gut 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 1786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.30.12.1786.

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22

Doymus, Kemal. "Teaching Chemical Equilibrium with the Jigsaw Technique." Research in Science Education 38, no. 2 (May 22, 2007): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11165-007-9047-8.

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23

McCarthy, William J. "Chemical Imaging with Infrared Microscopy." Microscopy Today 13, no. 4 (July 2005): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s155192950005361x.

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The ability of infrared microscopy to combine the chemical fingerprinting of FT-IR (Fourier Transform infrared) spectroscopy with the spatial resolving power of microscopy has led to its widespread use in numerous industries during the past two decades. The recent incorporation of imaging detectors into infrared microscopes has led to an increasing range of applications for the technique. The increase in spatial information provided by FT-IR imaging microscopes has also allowed image analysis techniques developed in light or electron microscopy to be utilized for the first time. This article will discuss FT-IR microspectroscopy and present some of the current applications.The ability of infrared microscopy to combine the chemical fingerprinting of FT-IR (Fourier Transform infrared) spectroscopy with the spatial resolving power of microscopy has led to its widespread use in numerous industries during the past two decades. The recent incorporation of imaging detectors into infrared microscopes has led to an increasing range of applications for the technique. The increase in spatial information provided by FT-IR imaging microscopes has also allowed image analysis techniques developed in light or electron microscopy to be utilized for the first time. This article will discuss FT-IR microspectroscopy and present some of the current applications.

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24

Zaimenko, N. V., N. P. Didyk, N. E. Ellanska, B. O. Ivanytska, N. A. Pavluchenko, D. B. Rakhmetov, and I. P. Kharytonova. "Implementation of New Technique for Phyto- and Chemical Melioration of Acidic and Saline Soils." Science and innovation 12, no. 1 (March 19, 2016): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine12.01.058.

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25

Chae, Yooeun, Lia Kim, Rongxue Cui, Jieun Lee, and Youn-Joo An. "Development of Methodology for Vulnerability Assessment of Chemical Accident in Terrestrial Ecosystem: (2) Focusing on the Herbs." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 610–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.12.610.

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Objective:As the industry rapidly develops in modern society, the use of chemicals increases and people and various organism living in terrestrial environments are exposed to these chemicals in large quantities. Chemical accidents frequently occur around the world, and these accidents could cause fatal damage to the terrestrial ecosystem. When the terrestrial ecosystem is exposed to highly toxic chemicals, soil functions as well as living organisms in the terrestrial ecosystem could be severely damaged. Countermeasures against chemical accidents and chemicals are required to prevent such damage and for this purpose, systematic vulnerability assessment techniques should be developed to prepare terrestrial ecosystem management for chemical accidents. For this purpose, this study is conducted to develop chemical vulnerability assessment techniques based on biological characteristics of plants.Method:First, we selected 215 species among herb plants according to the domestic distribution and establish various vulnerability indicators that can be evaluated according to the exposure and recovery categories.Results and Discussion:As a result of vulnerability scoring for 215 herbs species, the most vulnerable species were Humulus japonicus, Linum usitatissimum, Psilotum nudum, Trigonotis peduncularis, and Lamium amplexicaule. The least vulnerable species were Miscanthus sinensis, Dactylis glomerata, Spodiopogon sibiricus, and Polygonum filiforme.Conclusions:Terrestrial ecosystem is a main stage of human activity, so there is a high risk of chemical accidents as a large amount of chemicals are used. By utilizing this terrestrial ecosystem vulnerability assessment proposed in this study, we can prioritize the vulnerability of chemicals on the terrestrial ecosystem and use this technique to manage chemical accidents and chemicals and prepare countermeasures.

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26

Reine, Barbara A. "Tissue printing for scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100146540.

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The study of plant morphology and plant cells in the scanning electron microscope is often compromised by the limitations of specimen preparation techniques. Simple natural dehydration usually results in unacceptable shrinkage and distortion of the normal surface morphology of plant cells. Chemical fixation followed by critical point drying or some substitute for critical point drying such as Peldri II or HMDS (hexamethyldisilazane) improves morphological results but still imparts artifacts, adds chemical constituents to the specimen, and requires the use of toxic chemicals, a hood, and much time.One technique that eliminates many of these disadvantages and is even suitable for specimen preparation in the field is tissue printing. For low magnification imaging and chemical analysis its “elegant simplicity” (2) is compelling. Historically, the application of tissue printing has been in connection with optical microscopy (1,2). However, this technique works very well for low magnification SEM and associated elemental characterization of residues by x-ray microanalysis.

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27

PANHWAR, Aijaz Ali, Aftab KANDHRO, Sofia QAİSAR, Mudasir GORAR, Eidal SARGANİ, and Humaira KHAN. "Chemical Coagulation: An Effective Treatment Technique for Industrial Wastewater." Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46592/turkager.2021.v02i02.021.

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Industrial sector is a backbone of the economy throughout the world. Despite that there are a lot of benefits; such as development of urbanization, major contributor in economy’s growth is sign of industrial development. There are a lot of adverse effects on environment including depletion and damage of our natural and precious resources. Textile, cement, paper and pulp, sugarcane, food, pharmaceuticals, chemical, paint and other industries are largest consumers of the freshwater; for meeting the requirements of industrial production requirement for the industrial sector for their production. As a result the discharged huge amount of water in form of highly polluted water, this is a great threat to our ecosystem. The unplanned industrialization is a prime responsible for degradation of environment. If industrial wastewater is not properly treated instantly, it may create foulest and septic conditions in adjacent parts of the industrial areas. The discharges acute poisonous wastewater by different industries is responsible for reduction of penetration in crops, and severely affects aquatic life. There are many treatment techniques such as coagulation, adsorption, membrane, biological etc. by different research studies disclosed that coagulation with different chemicals alum, ferric chloride, lime, PACl, PVA and ferrous sulphate are very effective for remove of pollution. The industrial wastewater creates several problems such as health problems, aquatic life including water pollution. In this paper reviews the chemical coagulation treatment technologies for industrial wastewater.

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28

Georgieva, M., G. Vissokov, and Iv Grancharov. "Physical-Chemical Characterization of Nanodispersed Powders Produced by a Plasma-Chemical Technique." Plasma Science and Technology 9, no. 3 (June 2007): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/9/3/05.

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29

KAISE, Toshikazu, and Kenji KINOSHITA. "Chemical Treatment and Decomposition Technique of the Chemical Warfare Agents Containing Arsenicals." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 129, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.129.45.

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30

Rao, Addanki Sambasiva, Medha A. Dharap, and J. V. L. Venkatesh. "Experimental Study of the Effect of Post Processing Techniques on Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modelled Parts." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2015010101.

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FDM (Fused Deposition Modelled) parts are chemically treated with two types of chemicals viz Dimethyl ketone (Acetone) and Methyl ethyl ketone to reduce the surface roughness. This chemical treatment method technique not only reduces surface roughness but also makes effect on strength of chemically treated parts of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material. In this study Taguchi method of DOE (Design of Experiments) is conducted on test specimen of “tensile”, “bending” and “izod impact” components which are manufactured through Fused Deposition Modeling process using ABS-P400 material. DOE is conducted to optimize the effect of chemical treatment process parameters on strength of above specimen parts. The process parameters considered for the DOE are “different levels of concentration of chemical, temperature, time, layer thickness etc. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) is used to know the significance of contribution of each of these parameters. Results reveal that the prototypes when treated at optimum condition the tensile strength, flexural strength and izod impact strength improved significantly.

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31

Selivanova, L. A. "Development of animal psychophysics technique for determining of hydrobios chemical sensitivity." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 9, no. 4 (2016): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2016090410.

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The initial, intermediate and final version of techniques of animal psychophysics are presented. Their critical analysis and gradual modification eventually allowed to develop a version, which is adequate for determining the limits and laws of the chemosensitivity of fish and other hydrobios. Analysis of the shortcomings of the original and intermediate versions of this technique can help in the development of other techniques of animal psychophysics.

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Iwamoto, Chihiro, Shinobu Satonaka, Takahisa Yamamoto, Hirofumi Matsuhata, and Yuuichi Ikuhara. "High-resolution Chemical Imaging by Phase Contrast Technique." Materia Japan 45, no. 12 (2006): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.45.845.

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33

Lu, Yafei, Chuanhou Gao, and Denis Dochain. "Chemical reaction network decomposition technique for stability analysis." Automatica 146 (December 2022): 110650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2022.110650.

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Joseph, Peter M. "A Spin Echo Chemical Shift MR Imaging Technique." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 9, no. 4 (July 1985): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-198507010-00001.

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35

Blanco-Cuaresma, S., C. Soubiran, U. Heiter, M. Asplund, G. Carraro, M. T. Costado, S. Feltzing, et al. "Testing the chemical tagging technique with open clusters." Astronomy & Astrophysics 577 (April 29, 2015): A47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201425232.

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36

DeMeo, Stephen. "Teaching Chemical Technique. A Review of the Literature." Journal of Chemical Education 78, no. 3 (March 2001): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed078p373.

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37

Uchida, H., D. Filippini, and I. Lundström. "Unsupervised scanning light pulse technique for chemical sensing." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 103, no. 1-2 (September 2004): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2004.04.054.

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Sahu, D. R., B. K. Roul, P. Pramanik, and Jow-Lay Huang. "Synthesis of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 materials by versatile chemical technique." Physica B: Condensed Matter 369, no. 1-4 (December 2005): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2005.08.016.

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Elias, S. "Mechanical-Chemical Endovenous Ablation: A New Tumescentless Technique." Journal of Vascular Surgery 50, no. 4 (October 2009): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2009.07.036.

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40

Iwamoto, C., S. Statonaka, T. Yamamoto, Y. Ikuhara, and H. Matsuhata. "1Å-resolution chemical imaging by phase contrast technique." Journal of Applied Physics 99, no. 10 (May 15, 2006): 104909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2199979.

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41

BORMAN, STU. "Chemical-Enzymatic Technique Used To Make Carbohydrates, Glycopeptides." Chemical & Engineering News 72, no. 9 (February 28, 1994): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v072n009.p037.

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BORMAN, STU. "NMR FORCE MICROSCOPY New technique enhances chemical imaging." Chemical & Engineering News 72, no. 24 (June 13, 1994): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v072n024.p006.

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43

Grozdanov, Ivan. "Electroless chemical deposition technique for Cu2O thin films." Materials Letters 19, no. 5-6 (May 1994): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-577x(94)90171-6.

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D'Amico, Arnaldo, Corrado Di Natale, Roberto Paolesse, Alessandro Mantini, Claudio Goletti, Fabrizio Davide, and Gabriele Filosofi. "Chemical sensing materials characterization by Kelvin probe technique." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 70, no. 1-3 (November 2000): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(00)00577-3.

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45

Fabbrocini, G., S. Cacciapuoti, N. Fardella, F. Pastore, and G. Monfrecola. "CROSS technique: chemical reconstruction of skin scars method." Dermatologic Therapy 21 (November 2008): S29—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2008.00239.x.

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ENDA, Masami, Tatsuaki SATO, Hitoshi SAKAI, Kazushi NATSUI, and Takeshi ISHIKURA. "Development of Chemical Decontamination Technique Using Formic Acid." Transactions of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 5, no. 4 (2006): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/taesj2002.5.364.

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Kuźnia, Monika, Magdalena Rozmus-Górnikowska, Artur Szajding, and Wojciech Jerzak. "CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF REFRACTORY MATERIALS BY SEM TECHNIQUE." Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering 38, no. 2 (2012): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/mafe.2012.38.2.141.

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Lackey, W. Jack, Sundar Vaidyaraman, Garth B. Freeman, and Pradeep K. Agrawal. "Technique for Monitoring Densification during Chemical Vapor Infiltration." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 78, no. 4 (April 1995): 1131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08457.x.

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B. A. Ezekoye, B. A. Ezekoye, V. A. Ezekoye V. A. Ezekoye, F. I. Ezema F. I. Ezema, P. O. Offor P.O. Offor, and D. C. Obiegbunna D. C. Obiegbunna. "Syntheses and Properties Characterizations of Titanium Oxide/ Cadmium Sulphide Nanocomposites by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/148.

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Karpukhin, Yu M., A. A. Kipensky, and A. I. Kaitov. "To the technique of dissolving gallstones with chloroform." Kazan medical journal 68, no. 3 (June 15, 1987): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96080.

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Abstract:

Chloroform, ether, heparin, mono-octanoin, taurocholate, etc. were used by different authors to dissolve concrements. Direct contact of a chemical compound with gallstones is necessary for lysis of concrements. It is noted that chemicals, especially organic solvents, should be used with caution since they are toxic themselves and can cause aggravation of hepatitis, limited liver necrosis, formation of acute duodenal ulcers with bleeding, etc. Therefore, before deciding on the use of chloroform for lysis of residual choledochal concrements it is necessary to exclude liver functional changes by laboratory tests.

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