Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical Significance

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical Significance'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical Significance"

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Debus, Allen G. "The Significance of Chemical History." Ambix 32, no. 1 (March 1985): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/amb.1985.32.1.1.

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Maguire, R. James. "Significance of Environmental Chemical Measurements." Journal of Great Lakes Research 13, no. 2 (January 1987): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0380-1330(87)71634-7.

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Hoshino, Mihoko, Mitsuyoshi Kimata, Norimasa Nishida, and Masahiro Shimizu. "Crystal chemical significance of chemical zoning in dissakisite-(Ce)." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 35, no. 2 (November 3, 2007): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-007-0198-y.

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DAGANI, RON. "Big Bang findings carry chemical significance." Chemical & Engineering News 70, no. 18 (May 4, 1992): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n018.p005.

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Mbosso, Emmanuel Jean Teinkela, René Wintjens, Bruno Ndjakou Lenta, Silvère Ngouela, Michel Rohmer, and Etienne Tsamo. "Chemical Constituents fromGlyphaea brevisandMonodora myristica:Chemotaxonomic Significance." Chemistry & Biodiversity 10, no. 2 (February 2013): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201100378.

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Ghanta Mahesh Reddy, Mehendra Shiradkar, and Akula Kalyan Chakravarthy. "Chemical and Pharmacological Significance of 1,4-Dihydropyridines." Current Organic Chemistry 11, no. 10 (July 1, 2007): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138527207781024058.

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Risebrough, Robert W. "Chemical change in Antarctica—Significance? A perspective." Marine Pollution Bulletin 25, no. 9-12 (January 1992): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(92)90673-t.

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Suk, William A., Kenneth Olden, and Raymond S. H. Yang. "Chemical mixtures research: significance and future perspectives." Environmental Health Perspectives 110, suppl 6 (December 2002): 891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.110-1241268.

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LERNER, RICHARD A. "Life's Cosmic Significance." Chemical & Engineering News 73, no. 20 (May 15, 1995): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n020.p040.

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MONDAL, Sourav, Nilanjan DE, and Anita PAL. "Molecular descriptors of neural networks with chemical significance." Revue Roumaine de Chimie 65, no. 11 (2021): 1031–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33224/rrch.2020.65.11.08.

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The probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) are now being analysed to fix a variety of challenges in the diverse fields of science and technology. In chemical graph theory, there are several tools, such as polynomials, functions, etc. that can be used to characterize different network properties. The neighborhood M-polynomial (NM) is one of those that yields neighborhood degree sum based topological indices in a manner that is less time consuming than the usual approach. In this work, the NM-polynomial of 3-layered and 4-layered probabilistic neural networks are derived. Further, some neighborhood degree sum based topological indices are computed from those polynomials. Applications of the present work are interpreted by investigating the chemical importance of the indices. Some structure property models are derived. The graphical representations of the results are also reported.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical Significance"

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Ismail, Baraem. "Dates : physico-chemical characteristics, total quality and nutritional significance." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275924.

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Balasubramanian, Priya. "Characterization and Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients Obtained Using a Negative Depletion Technology." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1288151816.

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Syed, Hassan Syed Shatir Asghrar. "Significance of surface-generated radicals in the gas-solid catalytic reactions." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/203.

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The conversion of light hydrocarbons with solid catalysts is an important class of reactions in the chemical and energy industries. Our knowledge on the exceedingly complex reaction kinetics of these catalytic reactions, especially the inter-influence between the reactions on catalyst and those in the gas phase, lags behind the requirement of technology development to improve efficiency and reduce emissions.The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of surface-generated radicals in influencing the kinetics and mechanisms of gas-solid catalytic reactions. The results indicate that desorption is an important fate of the surface-generated radicals. The presence/absence of significant mass transfer resistance for radicals, which is different from that for the mass transfer of molecular species, determines the successful desorption/diffusion of radicals into the bulk gas phase.When a non-porous nickel mesh was used to catalyse the reactions between ethane and oxygen, it was found that the desorption/diffusion of radicals into the bulk gas phase could be facilitated by decreasing the mass transfer of radicals across the gas film around the nickel wires through increasing the gas flow rate traversing the mesh. The desorption of radicals increases the rate of chain reactions in the gas phase, resulting in the positive catalytic effects of nickel mesh. The nickel mesh can also have negative catalytic effects by quenching the gas-phase radicals by providing a surface to catalyse radical termination reactions.Many Ni-catalysed hydrocarbon oxidation reactions involve the reduction and oxidation (redox) of nickel catalyst itself. Results of this study show that the migration/diffusion of radicals on the surface, from the surface into the NiO bulk and from the surface into the gas phase can all have significant effects on the reduction kinetics. These in turn depend on the size of NiO crystallite, the presence/absence of rigid pore structure and the type of radicals formed on the catalyst surface.The use of fluidised nanoparticles as catalysts can lead to drastic reduction of reactor size for improved efficiency and reduced capital/operating costs. The catalytic oxidation of ethane with oxygen inside a fluidised bed of unsupported NiO nanoparticles in this study shows very different behaviour from the same reaction catalysed with silica-supported NiO catalysts. These differences can be explained by considering the difference in the resistance for the desorption of radicals into the bulk gas phase between the two catalytic systems.Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering the fates of surface-generated radicals in elucidating the kinetics and mechanism of gas-solid catalytic reactions. The original findings of this study are valuable for the development of innovative heterogeneous catalytic processes, especially the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons, with high efficiency, low emission and low capital/operating costs.
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Shilton, Vaughan Francis. "The significance of indoor:outdoor relationships, and physical and chemical composition in personal exposure to urban particulate matter." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88474.

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Callicoat, Jeffrey Scott. "Significance of Mid-Miocene volcanism in northeast Nevada: petrographic, chemical, isotopic, and temporal importance of the Jarbidge Rhyolite." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6242.

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Master of Science
Department of Geology
Matthew E. Brueseke
The Jarbidge Rhyolite of Elko County, Nevada, is approximately 26 mapped bodies of porphyritic rhyolite. Several of the bodies are truncated by the Idaho or Utah border, and extend into the states for an unknown distance. This study focuses on five bodies, the Mahoganies, two near Wild Horse Reservoir, the outcrop enclosing the Jarbidge Mountains, and one outcrop south of Wells. The study’s focus is providing field, petrography, geochemistry, oxygen isotope, and geochronology information about the five previously mentioned bodies. Physical volcanology encountered during this study indicates the sampled Jarbidge Rhyolite are effusive lava flows and domes that coalesced over the life of the volcanic system. First order approximations indicate that erupted products cover ~1,289 km2 and erupted material totals ~509 km3. Petrography indicates primary anhydrous mineral assemblages, assimilation of granitoid, possible assimilation of metamorphic rock and magma mixing of mafic and silicic bodies. Collectively, the Jarbidge Rhyolite lava flows sampled are compositionally restricted from rhyolite to high silica rhyolite and all samples demonstrate A-type magma characteristics. Compositions from different bodies overlap on Harker diagrams, and trace element ratios distinguish few flows from the other samples. Rare earth element patterns mimic one another, and incompatible trace element ratios overlap between bodies, likely indicating the presence of one large magma body. Oxygen isotope values for selected samples range 6.61-8.95%oVSMOW are coincident with normal igneous values. New 40Ar/39Ar geochronology indicates Jarbidge Rhyolite volcanism initiated ca. 16.7 Ma near Wild Horse Reservoir and was active at Bear Creek Summit ca.15.8 Ma. Local Steens Basalt, geochemistry, and Au-Ag mineralization indicate Jarbidge Rhyolite is similar to Middle Miocene silicic volcanics (e.g. Santa Rosa-Calico volcanic field) further west in the Oregon-Idaho-Nevada tristate region.
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Bowers, Gregory Arland. "Chemical Applications in Techniques of Emerging Significance: Nanoparticle Transformation in Mitochondria and Relative Tautomer Populations in Cellular Automata." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1516085869626903.

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Jones, Russell Guy Ashley. "Two North American arthropods of clinical significance : their venoms and the development of specific antivenoms." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/26248.

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Large volumes of antisera were generated against Apis melli/era venom with which to develop a novel, platform technology for the inexpensive production of anti venoms. The ovine sera contained high levels of specific antibodies which neutralised the myotoxic, phospholipase A2 and in vivo activities of the venom. Methods of processing the antisera to provide Fab or F(ab')2 were investigated. F(ab')2 was thought to be clinically advantageous and, by determining the conditions necessary for the preferential breakdown of Fc and serum components other than F(ab')2' it was possible to avoid salt precipitation. Diafiltration was then used to remove most of the unwanted small fragments and anion-exchange chromatography to remove any remaining acidic impurities such as pepsin and large aggregates. The F(ab')2 was -97% pure and the yield - 199 per L of serum. This is the first specific therapy for mass envenoming by European or Africanised bees. Spiders of the genus Latrodectus (black widows) are distributed widely and about 2,500 bites are reported annually in the USA. The neurotoxic effects of the venom were studied on the isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. Low venom concentrations (ImgIL) were stimulatory while high concentrations (IOmg/L) caused nerve blockade which was potentiated by increased calcium levels. Although effective, the Merck antivenom, which is unprocessed horse serum, causes unacceptable risks. The second purpose of this project was to prepare an improved Latrodectus spider antivenom using the new platform technology. Different immunisation schedules were studied to optimise the humoral immune response. Sheep immunised with 2mg La. hesperus venom produced the highest levels of specific antibodies as assessed by ELISA, using the isolated nerve diaphragm preparation or in vivo in mice. The new process provided a pure F(ab')2 antivenom retaining 78% of the original antisera ED so neutralising power and was - twice as effective as the Merck antivenom.
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Matsuo, Koji. "Significance of dopamine D1 receptor signalling for steroidogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232124.

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Bailey, Andrew Douglas. "An assessment of oxygen availability, iron build-up and the relative significance of free and attached bacteria, as factors affecting bio-oxidation of refractory gold-bearing sulphides at high solids concentrations." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21417.

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Bibliography: pages 121-132.
Bacterial oxidation is currently finding significant application for the oxidative pretreatment of refractory gold-bearing sulphides. Plants processing sulphide concentrates have commonly been operated at solids concentrations of between 18 and 20 per cent (m/v) (Le 180 and 200 kg.m-3). At higher concentrations, a decline in the bio-oxidation rate has been observed. Other metallurgical processes, such as chemical leaching and cyanidation, are performed at higher solids concentrations of between 40 and 50 per cent (400 and 500 kg.m-3), providing an incentive to increase the solids concentration at which bio-oxidation plants are operated. A review of literature indicated the following factors to be potential causes of reduced bio-oxidation rates at high solids concentrations: oxygen and carbon dioxide mass transfer; a low bacteria-to-solids ratio; mechanical damage of the bacte.ria; and the build-up of inhibitory oxidation products. Interaction of these factors in the completely-mixed reactors that are commonly used for biooxidation, has confounded the interpretation of the effects of individual factors. Analysis of literature data revealed a link between the sulphide grade of a particular material and the highest solids concentration at which the bacterial oxidation rate was maximal. The oxygen demand is directly proportional to the sulphide concentration in the reactor. Correlations were used to predict the oxygen transfer potential in the experimental reactors and it was found that as long as the oxygen transfer potential exceeded the oxygen demand, the biooxidation rate was proportional to the solids concentration for a specific material. Wh~n the oxygen demand equalled or exceeded the oxygen transfer potential, then the bacterial oxidation rate was limited by oxygen availability. The sulphide grade is characteristic of a particular ore or concentrate and from the data analysis oxygen availabiiity appeared to be the underlying reason why low grade materials could be oxidised at the maximum specific bio-oxidation rate at far higher solids concentrations than high-grade f!laterials. Abstract ii The experiments performed in this study were designed to further investigate the apparent relationship, identified by analysis of literature data, between sulphide grade and the solids concentration at which the bacterial oxidation rate was maximal. The effect of both solids concentration and sulphide grade on the biooxidation rate was investigated and related to the oxygen availability in the reactor.
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Gustavsson, Maria. "The Significance of Liquor-to-Wood Ratio on the Reaction Kinetics of Spruce Sulphate Pulping." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-805.

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In 1957 Vroom presented an article that dealt with the kinetics of the sulphate cook. He showed that the lignin dissolution exhibited a temperature/time dependency that could be explained by the Arrhenius equation and that the reaction was of first order with respect to lignin. However, even before Vroom introduced the H-factor all wood components were assumed to react according to a first order reaction. In recent years progresses in this area have been made. Lignin for example is nowadays considered to dissolve during three parallel first order reactions, all with differences in activation energies.

When the kinetics are evaluated, several cooking series at different temperatures and concentrations of active cooking chemicals are needed. The data points obtained are then fitted into some equation. If the concentration of the active cooking chemicals is constant, the activation energies and the chemical dependency for the dissolution of wood components can easily be found. In order to simplify the evaluations of the kinetics, very high liquor-to-wood ratios are sometimes used, often as high as 50:1 or even 75:1. In this manner, the chemical concentrations are almost constant during the cook. The problem is that in the normal industrial cook where the liquor-to-wood ratio is about 4:1, the chemical concentration is not constant. This is due mostly to the alkali consumption that takes place in the cook for example when neutralising the acidic groups in the hemicelluloses.

A disadvantage with high liquor-to-wood ratios is the high dilution of the dissolved organic matter. A high concentration of dissolved lignin boosts the dissolution of the remaining lignin in the wood residue and xylan can redeposit on the fibres when its concentration in the cooking liquor is high.

The aim of this project was to describe how different liquor-to-wood ratios influence the kinetics during sulphate cooking of spruce.

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Books on the topic "Chemical Significance"

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Billington, David C. Inositol phosphates: Chemical synthesis and biological significance. Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgeselschaft, 1993.

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Ismail, Baraem. Dates: Physico-chemical characteristics, total quality and nutritional significance. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2003.

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Cesare, Maltoni, Selikoff Irving J, and New York Academy of Sciences., eds. Living in a chemical world: Occupational and environmental significance of industrial carcinogens. New York, N.Y: New York Academy of Sciences, 1988.

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1947-, Hemminki K., and International Agency for Research on Cancer., eds. DNA adducts: Identification and biological significance. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1994.

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K, Hemminki, and International Agency for Research on Cancer., eds. DNA adducts: Identification and biological significance. Lyon: IARC, 1993.

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He, Zhongqi, and Fengchang Wu, eds. Labile Organic Matter-Chemical Compositions, Function, and Significance in Soil and the Environment. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub62.

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Scerri, Eric R. The periodic table: Its story and its significance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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A, Trivedi, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited., and Chalk River Laboratories. Environmental Research Branch., eds. Daily tritium intakes by people living near a heavy-water research reactor facility: Dosimetric significance. Chalk River, Ont: Environmental Research Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, 1997.

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Emel, Arinç, Schenkman John B, Hodgson Ernest 1932-, and NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Aspects of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (1993 : Kus̜adası, Turkey), eds. Molecular aspects of oxidative drug metabolizing enzymes: Their significance in environmental toxicology, chemical carcinogenesis, and health. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Aspects of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (1993 Kuşadası, Turkey). Molecular aspects of oxidative drug metabolizing enzymes: Their significance in environmental toxicology, chemical carcinogenesis, and health. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical Significance"

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Foo, L. Yeap, and Joseph J. Karchesy. "Chemical Nature of Phlobaphenes." In Chemistry and Significance of Condensed Tannins, 109–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7511-1_6.

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BeMiller, James N. "Occurrence and Significance." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 877–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_25.

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BeMiller, James N. "Occurrence and Significance." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 1435–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_32.

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BeMiller, James N. "Occurrence and Significance." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 1865–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_43.

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Holst, Otto. "Occurrence and Significance." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 2083–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_49.

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Wittmann, Valentin. "Occurrence and Significance." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 2253–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_54.

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Arcos, Joseph C., Mary F. Argus, and Yin-tak Woo. "On Evidence for Preventive Significance of Dietary Supplementation." In Chemical Induction of Cancer, 370–71. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4076-1_19.

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Paik, Woon Ki, and Sangduk Kim. "Protein Methylation: Chemical, Enzymological, and Biological Significance." In Advances in Enzymology - and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, 227–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470122877.ch5.

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Markert, Bernd, Stefan Fränzle, and Simone Wünschmann. "Significance of Water (or Some Other Liquidosphere), Soil and Atmosphere for the Chemical Evolution." In Chemical Evolution, 185–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14355-2_5.

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Catt, John A. "Loess—Its Formation, Transport and Economic Significance." In Physical and Chemical Weathering in Geochemical Cycles, 113–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3071-1_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical Significance"

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Dulin, Derek J., and Gaines S. Gibson. "Significance of Constituent Chemical age on Solid Rocket Propellant Regression Rates." In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0006.

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Kumar, Ashutosh, and Robin Marlar Rajendran. "Expediting Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes with Prediction of Chemical Reaction Yield Using Machine Learning." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211832-ms.

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Abstract Chemical enhanced oil recovery involves enormous combinations of chemicals, surfactants, etc. The reservoir properties such as temperature, capillary pressure, permeability keeps changing, making the process of identification of suitable chemicals even more challenging. Data driven modelling holds solutions for the complexity involved in identification of most suitable parameters for chemical enhanced oil recovery. Over the last decade, Artificial Intelligence has found its numerous applications in different branches of chemistry. From the selection of chemicals to the operating conditions during synthesis all can be estimated by the use of deep learning models. This paper presents yield prediction which is of high economic significance for chemical enhanced oil recovery, because they enable calculation of investment versus return. These models give us the conversion of reaction into products before performing the lab experiment. This will help chemists in selecting high performance chemicals for specific reservoirs without spending time on costly iterative chemical processes. These models require application of deep learning architectures like transformers and natural language processing techniques like tokenization for the prediction task. Encoder models like BERT are used for receiving the information on chemical reactions in text-based form for a reaction which is then combined with a regression extension layer to give us the desired reaction yield. We demonstrate our model on a HTE dataset with an excellent prediction score. Efforts are also made on the USPTO patent dataset which covers a wide variety of chemical reaction space. The USPTO patent dataset consists of almost every chemical reaction published since late 1970s till 2006. Diverse techniques starting with Multi Layer Perceptrons, Sequence to sequence modelling, Long short term memory models and finally transformers are employed for the improvement of accuracy of patent reactions. The paper presents detailed comparative results of predicting chemical reaction yield, and the enhancements that it will bring to Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery. Reaction yield prediction models receive very little attention in spite of their enormous potential of determining the reaction conversion rates and its contribution to chemical enhanced oil recovery processes . The paper introduces a novel approach of modelling chemical reaction yield with deep learning models to the petroleum community. Unprecedented result of accuracy beyond 90% in predicting chemical reactions yield and its significance in chemical enhanced oil recovery has been proposed in the paper.
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Geyer, T. J., J. B. Gruber, M. E. Hills, C. E. Johnson, M. D. Seltzer, W. A. Weimer, and R. B. Green. "Laser Applications at the Naval Weapons Center." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.tuc1.

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Research in the Chemistry Division at the Naval Weapons Center (NWC) is primarily devoted to the design, synthesis, and characterization of new materials for a variety of Navy applications. The impact of lasers in the processing and characterization of materials is growing in significance.
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Zhang, Tongwei, Lucy Ko, Xun Sun, Di Meng, and Scott Hamlin. "Chemical and Carbon Isotopic Gas Compositions from The Wolfcamp In Permian Basin and their Geological Significance." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3130.

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Song, Q., Z. Xu, W. Lu, P. W. Bohn, and GJ Blanchard. "Structure and Extended Electronic States in Molecular Assemblies of Hemicyanine Amphiphiles." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.wa.4.

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Hemicyanine dyes containing long alkyl chains have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their significance as possible optoelectronic and molecular electronic materials. With large non-linear molecular polarizabilities, amphiphilic hemicyanines are readily incorporated into Langmuir-Bludgett monolayer and multilayer films, forming artificial molecular assemblies with preferred spatial and orientational order [1,2], In contrast to centrosymmetric bulk materials, in which the individual effects are canceled, and the overall bulk second-order susceptibility vanishes [1], highly aligned structures ensure non-zero macroscopic second-order susceptibilities, χ(2). In addition molecular assemblies of these materials have been shown to be characterized by extended electronic states in which the relationship between molecular structure and delocalization of the electronic states is a matter of current interest.
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Williams, Peter J., Thomas L. White, and J. Kenneth Torrance. "The Significance of Soil Freezing for Stress Corrosion Cracking." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2054.

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The microstructure of soils (the arrangement of pores and voids, aggregation and surface characteristics of particles) is substantially modified by freezing. Soils so modified differ, in a number of important properties, from soils not previously frozen. Furthermore, each time a soil is frozen there is a redistribution of particles, moisture and solutes. Corrosion of buried pipes is known to be related to the ground conditions. Accordingly the particular nature of frozen ground needs consideration in this respect. Studies of microstructure of samples of freezing, frozen and unfrozen soils, many obtained from a full-scale experimental study of the effects of freezing on a buried pipeline, have provided an explanation for measured changes in bulk geotechnical properties of the materials. The microstructure viewed by optical microscopy, reveals the soil structure as having a complex and striking dependence on freezing history. Scanning electron microscopy shows further details in clay rich soils. Freezing at temperatures occurring in nature normally does not convert all the soil water to ice. The effects of particle surface forces is to reduce the freezing point of the water nearest a mineral surface. The distribution of solutes is radically altered, with pockets of high concentration interconnected by a liquid phase of varying concentration. A variety of other effects, relating to chemical and mechanical properties of soils subjected to freezing, have been demonstrated or can be postulated. Some of these are important in corrosion phenomena. The stresses that have been shown to occur in a pipe as a result of frost heave in the freezing soil, will also tend to increase the possibility of stress corrosion cracking.
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Rutar, Teodora, and Philip C. Malte. "NOx Formation in High-Pressure Jet-Stirred Reactors With Significance to Lean-Premixed Combustion Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0067.

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Measurements of NOx and CO in methane-fired, lean-premixed, high-pressure jet-stirred reactors (HP-JSRs) independently obtained by Rutar [1] and Rutar et al. [2] and by Bengtsson [3] and Bengtsson et al. [4] are well predicted assuming simple chemical reactor models and the GRI 3.0 chemical kinetic mechanism. The single-jet HP-JSR of Rutar [1] and Rutar et al. [2] is well modeled for NOx and CO assuming a single PSR for Damköhler number below 0.15. Under these conditions, the estimates of flame thickness indicate the flame zone, that is, the region of rapid oxidation and large concentrations of free radicals, fully fills the HP-JSR. For Damköhler number above 0.15, that is, for longer residence times, the NOx and CO are well modeled assuming two PSRs in series, representing a small flame zone followed by a large post-flame zone. The multi-jet reactor of Bengtsson [3] and Bengtsson et al. [4] is well modeled assuming a large PSR (over 88% of the reactor volume) followed by a short PFR, which accounts for the exit region of the HP-JSR and the short section of exhaust prior to the sampling point. The Damköhler number is estimated between 0.01 and 0.03. Our modeling shows the NOx formation pathway contributions. Although all pathways, including Zeldovich (under the influence of super-equilibrium O-atom), nitrous oxide, Fenimore prompt, and NNH, contribute to the total NOx predicted, of special note are the following findings: 1) NOx formed by the nitrous oxide pathway is significant throughout the conditions studied; and 2) NOx formed by the Fenimore prompt pathway is significant when the fuel-air equivalence ratio is greater than about 0.7 (as might occur in a piloted lean-premixed combustor) or when the residence time of the flame zone is very short. The latter effect is a consequence of the short lifetime of the CH radical in flames.
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Ishizaki, Yoichi, and Futoshi Yonekawa. "Reorganize Significance of Mt, Ms and Plastic Zone Size Against LMSD Under Plastic Collapse Regime." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-85187.

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Abstract Due to the aging of facilities, Oil and Chemical industries in Japan has been longing for using API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 [1] Part 4 and Part 5 assessment over decades. However, most of equipment are subjected to Japanese High Pressure Gas Safety Law so our industry needed to pass through the discussion in a local committee. In the local committee, there was a conflict on the significance of Folias Factor, Mt, and surface correction factor, Ms. The conflict had been a stumbling block against the formal permission to use API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Part 4 and Part 5 assessment technology. In 2021, throughout the long term effort of cross industry task team led by authors supported by API579-1/ASME Joint Committee on Fitness-For-Service members, the conflict has been solved in the local committee. Effective from April 1st, 2022, Oil and Chemical industry in Japan got a formal approval from the government to use API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Part 4 and Part 5 assessment for equipment subjected to High Pressure Gas Safety Law. Authors noticed similar conflict on the significance of Folias Factor, Mt, and surface correction factor, Ms, is also found in societies outside of Japan occasionally. Those factors are sometimes referred as “bulging factor” that sounds like those are simple conversion factors between flat plate stress and cylinder stress. However, it is not a whole picture of the factor as discussed in this paper. Therefore, it would be beneficial for future improvement of Fitness-for-Service technology to share our outcomes on the correct significance of Mt and Ms including our Lr discussion on API579-1/ASME FFS-1 Part 9 Crack Like Flaw assessment taking this opportunity. In addition, authors studied the relative relationship between plastic zone length and distance to major stress discontinuity associated with the discussion. This might be beneficial to be shared for a future discussion too. Through this paper, significance of Mt and Ms, including derivation of Ms reinforced by FEM analysis, will be discussed. Also, plastic zone size model that can be used for a future discussion on required Lmsd, distance to major stress discontinuity, will be introduced.
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Roy, Shrabanti, Fatemeh Hadi, and Omid Askari. "Detailed Chemical Mechanism Generation for Combustion of Ethanol-Air Mixture." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10996.

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Abstract Significance of ethanol as an alternative source of renewable energy is increasing every day. In this study a chemical mechanism has been developed to predict the characteristic of ethanol oxidation in a wide range of temperature and pressure of 300–2500 K and 1–50 atm, respectively. The mechanism is generated using reaction mechanism generator (RMG). Sensitivity analysis on the mechanism is done to find the reactions responsible in the deviation of numerical results with experimental data. Rate coefficient of important reactions is corrected with well-accepted data from literature which helps to improve the mechanism against experiment. The validation is done with laminar burning speed and ignition delay time results at various operating conditions. The results show a reasonable agreement in both high pressure and low temperature cases. A good prediction of major species concentration is found in flame structure measurement. A comparison of the current mechanism with other available chemical mechanisms is also presented at different operating conditions. Compared to other mechanisms, this improved mechanism has an advantage of handling the high pressure and low temperature operating conditions within a reasonable time and accuracy.
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Pashkouskaya, I. D., N. I. Nechipurenko, A. P. Zajogin, and T. A. Prokopenko. "CONTENT OF MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS IN BLOOD AND HAIR WITH DETERMINATION OF THEIR DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-83-86.

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The study of macro-and microelements in the blood and hair was carried out in 91 patients with ischemic stroke and 24 practically healthy persons, the results of which were taken as normal. It was found that in the blood of patients with ischemic stroke, the concentrations of magnesium, iron, copper, lithium, and aluminum are reduced, and a decrease in the levels of calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc in the hair was revealed. It has been shown that calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron in hair have high diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency (more than 60%) in ischemic stroke and they can be used as additional informative chemical markers of this pathology.
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Reports on the topic "Chemical Significance"

1

Velsko, S. Null Hypothesis Significance Testing for Trace Chemical Weapon Analyte Detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1059082.

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2

Kumar, Devendra, and S. P. McGlynn. A Physico-Chemical Study of Some Areas of Fundamental Significance to Biophysics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7144.

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McGlynn, S. P., and D. Kumar. A physico-chemical study of some areas of fundamental significance to biophysics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7028757.

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McGlynn, S., and D. Kumar. A physico-chemical study of some areas of fundamental significance to biophysics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7036741.

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McGlynn, S. P. A physico-chemical study of some areas of fundamental significance to biophysics: Annual report, 1988--1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6250143.

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McGlynn, S. P., and D. Kumar. A physico-chemical study of some areas of fundamental significance to biophysics. Annual report, 1991--1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172831.

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McGlynn, S. P., and D. Kumar. A physico-chemical study of some areas of fundamental significance to biophysics. Three-year comprehensive report, 1989--1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172455.

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Reilly-Collette, Marina, Brandon Booker, Kathryn Trubac, Tyler Elliott, Andrew Reichert, Charles Woodruff, and Lien Senchak. Testing of dry decontamination technologies for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) response. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47032.

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This report provides a summary of the results obtained in laboratory-scale testing of dry-decontamination technologies. The purpose of the experiment is to assess nonaqueous technologies to determine the viability of a solution to mitigate chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) defense, CBRN Response Enterprise, medical casualty care, and cold-weather operational gaps. The Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) assessed the efficacy, via percentage reduction, of four nonaqueous technologies to decontaminate particulate contamination, at three operational temperatures, from three starting challenges. Testing was conducted by CRREL personnel according to protocols developed in conjunction with the Homeland Defense/Civil Support Office Maneuver Support Center of Excellence and the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) and approved by Joint Program Executive Office CBRN Protection. CRREL subsequently collected data and conducted statistical measures of significance and explored additional questions about the technology capabilities. CRREL personnel then deployed with AFRRI support to Arctic Eagle/Patriot 22 (AE/P-22) for field testing of the technologies and their evaluation from an operational perspective. AE/P-22 allowed for direct, full-scale testing of the technology in conditions approximating a use-case scenario. This report documents the culmination of analysis performed on CRREL- and AFRRI-collected test data results, operational factors, and user inputs.
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Rizzo, T. R. Spectroscopic probes of vibrationally excited molecules at chemically significant energies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6666734.

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Rizzo, T. R. Spectroscopic probes of vibrationally excited molecules at chemically significant energies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5444957.

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