Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical signature of geographical identity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical signature of geographical identity"
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Alves, Eliana, Felisa Rey, Tânia Melo, Madalena P. Barros, Pedro Domingues, and Rosário Domingues. "Bioprospecting Bioactive Polar Lipids from Olive (Olea europaea cv. Galega vulgar) Fruit Seeds: LC-HR-MS/MS Fingerprinting and Sub-Geographic Comparison." Foods 11, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11070951.
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Olive seeds have been considered as a new nutritionally healthy food supplement. They are rich in monounsaturated n-9 and essential polyunsaturated n-6 lipids. However, little is known about their polar lipids, potentially bioactive and chemical identity markers for olive pulp and oil. This work aimed to identify the polar lipidome of olive seeds to find possible bioactive compounds and markers of geographic origin, by studying samples from six Portuguese sub-regions. Polar lipids were obtained by solid/liquid extraction, NH2-solid-phase extraction, and identified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-HR-ESI-MS and MS/MS. Ninety-four compounds were identified, including phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, and acyl sterol glycosides, several of which bear polyunsaturated fatty acids. Multivariate statistical analysis found unique profiles within each sub-region and markers of geographic identity, primarily phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and lysophosphatidylethanolamines. Therefore, polar lipid signatures should be further investigated, to assess their bioactivity, nutritional value, and chemical identity for valuing olive seeds and their oil.
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Pangle, Kevin L., Stuart A. Ludsin, and Brian J. Fryer. "Otolith microchemistry as a stock identification tool for freshwater fishes: testing its limits in Lake Erie." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 9 (September 2010): 1475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-076.
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We evaluated otolith chemistry as a tool for identifying natal origins of potamodromous fishes using historical Lake Erie water chemistry (1983–2001) and yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ) otolith elemental composition (1994–1996) data. Lake Erie’s tributaries had stream-specific chemical signatures that were temporally stable. Correspondingly, the otolith microelemental composition of larvae collected from tributary embayments (Sandusky and Maumee bays) was shown to be geographically distinct and the use of known-origin juveniles showed that larval otolith microelemental signatures could be used to accurately identify natal origins and indicate fish movement. Discrimination between offshore spawning locations was relatively difficult, however, indicating limitations to working in systems that are dominated by flow from a single large river (i.e., Detroit River). Interannual variability in otolith microelemental signatures was high such that larvae from one year could not reliably classify natal location of larvae in another year. Development of an annual library of site-specific signatures and exploration of complementary ways to discriminate natal origins would improve the use of otolith microchemistry as a fishery management tool in freshwater systems.
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Fernandes, Sara, André Gois, Fátima Mendes, Rosa Perestrelo, Sonia Medina, and José S. Câmara. "Typicality Assessment of Onions (Allium cepa) from Different Geographical Regions Based on the Volatile Signature and Chemometric Tools." Foods 9, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9030375.
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Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the main agricultural commodities produced and consumed around the world. In the present work, for the first time, the volatile signature of onions from different geographical regions of Madeira Island (Caniço, Santa Cruz, Ribeira Brava, and Porto Moniz) was tested with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME/GC-qMS) and chemometric tools, showing that the volatile signature was affected by the geographical region of cultivation. Sulfur compounds, furanic compounds, and aldehydes are the most dominant chemical groups. Some of the identified volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) were detected only in onions cultivated in specific regions; 17 VOMs were only identified in onions cultivated at Caniço, eight in Porto Moniz, two in Santa Cruz, two in Ribeira Brava, while 12 VOMs are common to all samples from the four regions. Moreover, some VOMs belonging to sulfur compounds (dipropyl disulfide, 3-(acetylthio)-2-methylfuran), furanic compounds (dimethylmethoxyfuranone, ethyl furanone, acetyloxy-dimethylfuranone), and lactones (whiskey lactone isomer), could be applied as potential geographical markers of onions, providing a useful tool to authenticate onions by farming regions where the influence of latitude seems to be an important factor for yielding the chemical profile and may contribute to geographical protection of food and simultaneously benefiting both consumers and farmers.
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Munro, Andrew R., Thomas E. McMahon, and James R. Ruzycki. "Natural chemical markers identify source and date of introduction of an exotic species: lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Yellowstone Lake." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-174.
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Exotic species invasions pose a pervasive threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide, yet fundamental questions about the geographic origin and timing of invasions or introductions are frequently difficult to answer. We used natural chemical markers (Sr:Ca ratios) in otoliths to identify probable source and date of introduction of exotic lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) into Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, USA. Otolith Sr:Ca ratios were significantly different among lake trout known to have reared in three different Yellowstone National Park lakes (Yellowstone, Heart, and Lewis lakes) and showed little variation along the otolith axis, indicating that lake trout within each lake experienced a similar, and consistent, environmental history. In contrast, suspected transplants showed a large and rapid increase in otolith Sr:Ca ratios indicative of a marked shift to water of differing chemistry. Timing of the abrupt change in Sr:Ca ratios indicated that some lake trout were introduced into Yellowstone Lake during the late 1980s, but more recent transplants also occurred. A discriminant model identified Lewis Lake as the likely source lake for lake trout transplanted into Yellowstone Lake. Our results demonstrate that chemical signatures within otoliths can serve as an important forensic tool for identifying the probable source and date of exotic fish introductions.
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Wang, Mei, Amar Chittiboyina, Jon Parcher, Zulfiqar Ali, Paul Ford, Jianping Zhao, Bharathi Avula, Yan-Hong Wang, and Ikhlas Khan. "Piper nigrum Oil – Determination of Selected Terpenes for Quality Evaluation." Planta Medica 85, no. 03 (November 15, 2018): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0782-0548.
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AbstractThe growing demand and commercial value of black pepper (Piper nigrum) has resulted in considerable interest in developing suitable and cost-effective methods for chemical characterization and quality evaluation purposes. In the current study, an extensive set of oil samples (n = 23) that were extracted by steam distillation from black pepper seeds was investigated to compare the chemical profiles of samples originating from nine major producing countries, as well as to identify potential chemical markers for quality evaluation. The twenty-two most abundant volatile compounds, mainly terpenes, in these oils were determined by conventional GC/MS analysis. Principal component analysis with this set of data revealed distinct clusters for samples that originated from China and Malaysia. Relatively low concentrations of sabinene (< 0.2%) and high concentrations of 3-carene (10.9 – 21.1%) were observed in these samples, respectively, compared to oil samples from other countries. The enantiomeric distributions of key terpene markers, viz., β-pinene, sabinene, limonene, and terpinen-4-ol, were determined by chiral GC/MS analysis. Interestingly, for these four monoterpenes, levo-isomers were found to be predominant, emphasizing the highly conserved enzymatic processes occurring in P. nigrum. Moreover, consistent enantiomeric ratios ((−) isomer/(+) isomer) of 92.2 ± 3.0% for β-pinene, 94.8 ± 2.8% for sabinene, 60.7 ± 1.1% for limonene, and 78.3 ± 1.3% for terpinen-4-ol were observed, independent of geographical location. These results demonstrate the potential of using stereospecific compositions as chiral signatures for establishing the authenticity and quality of black pepper oil.
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Célérier, Aurélie, Cécile Bon, Aurore Malapert, Pauline Palmas, and Francesco Bonadonna. "Chemical kin label in seabirds." Biology Letters 7, no. 6 (April 27, 2011): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0340.
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Chemical signals yield critical socio-ecological information in many animals, such as species, identity, social status or sex, but have been poorly investigated in birds. Recent results showed that chemical signals are used to recognize their nest and partner by some petrel seabirds whose olfactory anatomy is well developed and which possess a life-history propitious to olfactory-mediated behaviours. Here, we investigate whether blue petrels ( Halobaena caerulea ) produce some chemical labels potentially involved in kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance. To overcome methodological constraints of chemical analysis and field behavioural experiments, we used an indirect behavioural approach, based on mice olfactory abilities in discriminating odours. We showed that mice (i) can detect odour differences between individual petrels, (ii) perceive a high odour similarity between a chick and its parents, and (iii) perceive this similarity only before fledging but not during the nestling developmental stage. Our results confirm the existence of an individual olfactory signature in blue petrels and show for the first time, to our knowledge, that birds may exhibit an olfactory kin label, which may have strong implications for inbreeding avoidance.
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Slaghenaufi, Davide, Giovanni Luzzini, Jessica Samaniego Solis, Filippo Forte, and Maurizio Ugliano. "Two Sides to One Story—Aroma Chemical and Sensory Signature of Lugana and Verdicchio Wines." Molecules 26, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082127.
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Lugana and Verdicchio are two Italian white wines with a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) label. These two wine types are produced in different regions using the same grape variety. The aim of this work is to investigate the existence of volatile chemical markers that could help to elucidate differences between Lugana and Verdicchio wines both at chemical and sensory levels. Thirteen commercial wine samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and 76 volatile compounds were identified and quantified. Verdicchio and Lugana had been differentiated on the basis of 19 free and glycosidically bound compounds belonging to the chemical classes of terpenes, benzenoids, higher alcohols, C6 alcohols and norisoprenoids. Samples were assessed by means of a sorting task sensory analysis, resulting in two clusters formed. These results suggested the existence of 2 product types with specific sensory spaces that can be related, to a good extend, to Verdicchio and Lugana wines. Cluster 1 was composed of six wines, 4 of which were Lugana, while Cluster 2 was formed of 7 wines, 5 of which were Verdicchio. The first cluster was described as “fruity”, and “fresh/minty”, while the second as “fermentative” and “spicy”. An attempt was made to relate analytical and sensory data, the results showed that damascenone and the sum of 3 of esters the ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate and isoamyl acetate, was characterizing Cluster 1. These results highlighted the primary importance of geographical origin to the volatile composition and perceived aroma of Lugana and Verdicchio wines.
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Nataningtyas, Dilin Rahayu, Tri Joko Raharjo, and Endang Astuti. "Three Dimensional Structural Modelling of Lipase Encoding Gene from Soil Bacterium Alcaligenes sp. JG3 Using Automated Protein Homology Analysis." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 3 (May 29, 2019): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.34152.
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Bacterial lipases have significant potential to be used as the biocatalyst for many chemical reactions. In this study, a novel gene encoding lipase was isolated from an Alcaligenes sp. JG3. A pair of designed primer has successfully isolated 1 kb (LipJG3) that shares 98% identity towards lipase from Alcaligenes faecalis during sequence analysis. By using in silico tools, LipJG3 was related to the transporter protein sequences. Three highly conserved regions consisting of EASGSKT, VILLD, and LSGGQQQRVAIA were found. These regions were known as ATP-binding signature at Walker-A and Walker-B motifs and the S signature of ABC transporter family respectively. In addition, the 3-D structure of LipJG3 has been suggested but the role of the catalytic triad residues have been not fully understood.
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Takahashi, Yuya, Xiang-Hua Li, Chigen Tsukamoto, and Ke-Jing Wang. "Phenotypic and genotypic signature of saponin chemical composition in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja): revealing genetic diversity, geographical variation and dispersal history of the species." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 11 (2018): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18214.
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Saponin chemical composition was phenotyped and genotyped, and saponin composition-based geographical genetic diversity and differentiation were evaluated in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.). Thirty-two phenotypes and 34 genotypes were confirmed from 3805 wild soybean accessions. Eleven phenotypes (AaαK, AaαIK, AaαIJK, AaBcEαJ, AaBcαK, AbEαIJ, AbαK, AbαIK, AbαIJK, AbβHAb and Aβ0) were newly detected. Four genes had frequencies: Sg-1a 78.8% and Sg-1b 21.0% at the Sg-1 locus; Sg-4 30.7% and Sg-6e 13.7% at their respective loci. The north-eastern and southern populations showed high genetic diversity; the Northeast region contained more novel variants (AuAe, A0, A0Bc, αH, αI αJ, αK, and AbβHAb), and the southern populations contained high frequencies of the Sg-4 gene. Gene differentiation (Fst) analysis suggested that Sg-4 and four group-α saponin alleles or genes (Sg-6e, Sg-6h, Sg-6i, Sg-6j) were important factors influencing the genetic structure and differentiation in Chinese wild soybeans. Geographical differentiation was characterised mainly by latitudinal differences, with two primary groups (north and south) based on saponin genes. Chinese wild soybean accessions differed from Japanese and South Korean ones in genetic structure based on saponin composition, the latter two being likely to have spread from southern China in the glacial stages during the last Ice Age.
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Brodie, Christopher, Oliver Kracht, and Andreas Hilkert. "Tracing the Geographical Origin of Roasted and Green Coffee Using Isotope Fingerprints." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0314.
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Abstract Background: Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide, sourced from different geographical regions. To ensure that coffeebeans come from labelled locations, laboratories need an analytical solution that can discriminate geographical origin. Coffee beans have a fingerprint, a unique chemical signature that allows them to be identified: Isotope fingerprints of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen have been reliably used for origin claim verification. Objective: Show that hydrogen and oxygen isotope fingerprints from green and roasted coffee beans can determine the origin of coffee beans. Methods: The coffee beans were initially ground to as fine as possible a powder using a cryo-mill. Following, samples were weighed into tin capsules and introduced to the Thermo Scientific EA IsoLink™ IRMS System via the Thermo Scientific MAS Plus autosampler, where they were pyrolyzed at 1450°C, and converted to H2 and CO for analysis. Results: The hydrogen and oxygen isotope fingerprints of the coffee beans show that they can be clearly differentiated at the continent scale. Conclusions: It is evident that measuring the isotope fingerprint of coffee beans helps support legislation on food integrity and labelling (EC Reg. No. 1169/2011) and product geographical indication/origin (EC Reg. No. 510/2006), therefore protecting consumers and brands. The origin of a coffee bean can be determined using their hydrogen and oxygen isotope fingerprints. Highlights: Hydrogenand oxygen isotope fingerprints can help determine the origin of coffee beans, allowing the label claim to be verified.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical signature of geographical identity"
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Luzzini, Giovanni. "Aroma chemical signatures of wine geographical origin in relationship to grape variety, sensory characteristics, and technological factors. A case study on Valpolicella red wines." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/1045730.
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The connection between a wine and its geographical origin is of great relevance in the context of wine production and marketing. Notions such as wine typicality and identity (at the foundation of Protected Designation of Origin), cru and terroir, all of great importance in the wine market, are based on the ability of a wine to express a ‘sense of place’. The relationship between a wine and its geographical origin is in large part associated with distinctive sensory characteristics, aroma in particular, characterizing wines from specific areas. From a chemical point of view, this implies the existence of unique and specific chemical profiles underlying recognizable sensory features of wine identity and typicality. In spite of the many studies aimed at characterizing the wines of different wine regions, the chemical bases of such aroma typicality are still poorly understood. The main aim of this study was therefore to investigate the existence of unique aroma signatures of Valpolicella Corvina and Corvinone wines from specific geographical origin. For this, grape from five different vineyards were harvested and vinified during three consecutive vintages, and the wines obtained were submitted to chemical and sensory analyses aimed at identifying quantifiable chemical markers and sensory parameters. Although large quantitative differences exist across different vintages, results highlighted the existence of clear chemical patterns distinguishing the wines from each vineyard. We define these aroma chemical signatures of geographical origins. The main drivers associated with these chemical signatures were terpenes and norisoprenoids, but also compounds mostly associated with fermentation, such as branched chain ethyl esters and acetate esters. The fact that the drivers of distinction were deriving both from grape and fermentation imply that the link between a wine’s composition and its geographical origin is the result of complex interactions between grape composition and yeast response to grape related factors. Among these, grape concentration of aroma precursors and YAN play a central role. The work also allowed to highlight patterns of odor similarities across the wines, providing evidence also for a sensory dimension of wine geographical identity. Evaluation of the impact of different S. cerevisiae strains on aroma signatures of geographical origin indicated that area of origin has a greater impact than yeast. In fact, from a chemical point of view, most volatile compounds that are thought to influence wine aroma were primarily affected by grape composition. Sensory analysis confirmed that grape composition induces greater differences than yeast strain too. Lastly, since a period of ageing is mandatory for most Valpolicella wines according to the product specification, the influence of aging on the aroma chemical signatures of the different wines was studied. Despite strong transformations of volatile chemical profile, aged wines retained an aroma chemical signature that was characteristic of their geographical origin. The results of this part of the work also allowed to clarify the role of different possible precursors in the formation of the potent balsamic/minty odorants 1,4- and 1,8-cineole during wine aging.
Books on the topic "Chemical signature of geographical identity"
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Kochetova, Zhanna, Natal'ya Maslova, and Oleg Bazarskiy. Aviation and missile clusters and the environment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1544137.
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The monograph introduces a new concept - the aviation and missile cluster as a new class of objects of geo-ecological monitoring, united by the solution of identical strategic tasks of the state, the interconnection of its structural elements, the identity of priority contaminants and products of their transformation.
The scientific and methodological apparatus of complex geoecological monitoring of territories under the influence of objects of aviation and space activities is presented, including predictive models of the spread and transformation of priority contaminants in environmental objects, taking into account their physical and chemical properties, geographical and climatic features of the studied territory; algorithms and methods for assessing the environmental situation in the area of the aviation and rocket cluster to support management decisions on conducting rehabilitation and preventive medical and environmental measures.
The proposed scientific and methodological apparatus improves the quality of the assessment of the geoecological situation while reducing the cost of monitoring the territory of the aviation and missile cluster.
The scientific results obtained by the authors based on the results of eleven-year geoecological monitoring of a typical aviation and rocket cluster located within the city of Voronezh and including an airfield of state aviation and a test complex of launch vehicles are presented.
For a wide range of readers interested in environmental problems of scientific and technological progress.
Book chapters on the topic "Chemical signature of geographical identity"
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Madigan, Daniel J., Oliver N. Shipley, and Nigel E. Hussey. "Applying isotopic clocks to identify prior migration patterns and critical habitats in mobile marine predators." In Conservation Physiology, 69–86. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843610.003.0005.
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Large-scale migrations present challenges to management of exploited or at-risk marine species. Our understanding of predator movements has greatly improved, but data are often inadequate to understand patterns on population scales. The chemical composition of predator tissues, most often stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N), provides markers of movement as predators incorporate discrete regional isotopic signatures throughout their migratory pathways. These signals can be analysed from small quantities of various tissues (e.g. muscle, liver, blood, hair, feathers) all of which provide different timescales of movement. Predator physiology mediates the assimilation and turnover rates of stable isotopes in tissues, providing a temporal element to interpretation of predator isotopic signatures. Combining physiology-mediated isotopic turnover rates and geographic ‘isoscapes’ of regional isotopic gradients allows for isotopic clock estimates of predator migration timing, which can be used to generate population-scale estimates of retrospective movements using large datasets across targeted regions and sampling periods. This allows for improved regional and international management and conservation of mobile species across their migratory ranges.
Conference papers on the topic "Chemical signature of geographical identity"
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Asadi, Mahmoud, Tyler Blair, Ben Kuiper, Bruce Cunningham, Tim Shamburger, Brendan Looyenga, and Rogelio Morales. "DNA Tracer Technology Applications in Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Analyses." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208865-ms.
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Abstract A new and robust tracer technology, based on Nano-sized encapsulated silica DNA sequences is presented. This cutting-edge technology enables a bond of each DNA sequence to a magnetic core particle and encapsulates it with silica. Therefore, one can have infinite sequences of DNA tracers. Each DNA tracer, with its identity signature, can be easily identified and characterized with no interferences. Unique chemistry makes these DNA tracers, either water-wet or oil-wet. The water-wet tracers can be used in hydraulic fracturing to precisely and accurately analyze flowback, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The oil-wet tracers can be used in evaluating the source and quantity of oil production in hydraulic fracturing. In-depth laboratory testing indicates that these tracers, unlike current industry used chemical tracers, are stable at high temperature, do not react with formation mineralogy to form reservoir rock plating, do not partition, and do not disintegrate over time. These tracers are injected in the liquid-laden slurry at very low concentrations and can be detected at parts per trillion.