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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical senses

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Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical senses'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical senses"

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Gagnon, Léa, Ron Kupers, and Maurice Ptito. "Making Sense of the Chemical Senses." Multisensory Research 27, no. 5-6 (2014): 399–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002461.

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We review our recent behavioural and imaging studies testing the consequences of congenital blindness on the chemical senses in comparison with the condition of anosmia. We found that congenitally blind (CB) subjects have increased sensitivity for orthonasal odorants and recruit their visually deprived occipital cortex to process orthonasal olfactory stimuli. In sharp contrast, CB perform less well than sighted controls in taste and retronasal olfaction, i.e. when processing chemicals inside the mouth. Interestingly, CB do not recruit their occipital cortex to process taste stimuli. In contrast to these findings in blindness, congenital anosmia is associated with lower taste and trigeminal sensitivity, accompanied by weaker activations within the ‘flavour network’ upon exposure to such stimuli. We conclude that functional adaptations to congenital anosmia or blindness are quite distinct, such that CB can train their exteroceptive chemical senses and recruit normally visual cortical areas to process chemical information from the surrounding environment.

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Bartoshuk, Linda M., and Gary K. Beauchamp. "Chemical Senses." Annual Review of Psychology 45, no. 1 (January 1994): 419–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.45.020194.002223.

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Guénet, J. L. "Chemical senses." Biochimie 74, no. 2 (February 1992): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(92)90052-g.

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Seiden, Allen M. "Chemical Senses." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 106, no. 1 (January 1992): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210600106.

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Doty, Richard L. "Chemical Senses." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 106, no. 1 (January 1992): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989210600117.

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Goodman, Catherine. "Monell Chemical Senses Center." Nature Chemical Biology 5, no. 1 (January 2009): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio0109-2.

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ROUHI, A. MAUREEN. "EXPLORING THE CHEMICAL SENSES." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 80, no. 1 (January 7, 2002): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n001.p024.

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ROUHI, A. MAUREEN. "INDULGING THE CHEMICAL SENSES." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 81, no. 28 (July 14, 2003): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n028.p053.

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Sachs, F. "Chemical senses, vol. 1." Cell Biophysics 17, no. 2 (October 1990): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02990497.

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YAMAZAKI, Kunio, and Osamu MATSUZAKI. "Chemical senses of animals." Kagaku To Seibutsu 24, no. 4 (1986): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.24.224.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical senses"

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Kelly, Lisa S. "Chemical communication during mate recognition in the harpacticoid copepod tigriopus japonicus." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25219.

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So, Wai Kar. "Sex pheromone in caenorhabditis : defining its identity and its perception pathway /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202006%20SO.

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Chan, Chung Man. "Sex pheromone in caenorhabditis : its production and perception /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202007%20CHANC.

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Pisut, Daniel P. "The distance chemosensory behavior of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-01052004-121047/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 28, 2006). Julia Kubanek, Committee Member; Mark Hay, Committee Member; Marc Weissburg, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-51).

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Addagulla, Swapna. "Functional silane based co-polymers for biofuntionalization studies, chemical sensing and separations /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2009. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3401132.

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Bromley, Ryan F. "Art in the mouth : a critical evaluation of the chemical senses in contemporary art." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2016. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/db2c7a2b-ceaa-4b47-bd4e-ef15380ca58f/1/.

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Can the experiences that we have when we eat and smell make a meaningful contribution to art? Often referred to as ‘the bodily senses’ or ‘the lower senses’, the chemical senses of taste, olfaction and chemesthesis have been determined as unsuitable for inclusion in art in classical philosophical literature. This research challenges that exclusion by exploring the classical judgements and asking if these senses have anything to contribute to contemporary art. If so, what are the contributions of these senses and their limitations? This is new research within art theory that draws upon multidisciplinary research findings within the fields of life sciences, cognitive studies, anthropology, sociology, philosophy, food studies and flavour and fragrance chemistry. The contributions of this research are: assertions derived from data and expert opinions from within these fields; curated events which provide examples and discourse for critical consideration; and the proposal of a new paradigm that is the result of the synthesises of the research findings. My research strategy began with a survey of related literature and industry practice within art. A series of interviews with leading scientists contributed a contemporary understanding of these senses in life sciences. Case studies were developed, with insights from cognitive sciences, which investigated the conceptual potential of contemporary gastronomy. Finally, discourse was introduced through curated events and artistic actions that made relevant assertions concerning the suitability of these senses in art. Art is an expression of human experiences which are mediated by all of our senses. The implication of this research is a fresh starting place for critical discourse concerning the inclusion of the chemical senses in art that is founded upon current scientific knowledge. Broader implications of this research include a paradigm that could be applied to a possible new field of study, Critical Studies in Contemporary Gastronomy.

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Velamakanni, Aruna M. "Functional silane based polymers for sensing and separations /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3248243.

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Shabani, Shkelzen. "The Role of Chemical Senses in Predation, Risk Assessment, and Social Behavior of Spiny Lobsters." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/44.

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Chemical senses play a critical role in predator-prey and social interactions of many animals. Predators often evoke adaptive escape responses by prey, one of which is the release of chemicals that induce adaptive avoidance behaviors from both predators and conspecifics. I explore the use of chemicals in predator-prey and social interactions, using a crustacean model system, the spiny lobster. As predators, spiny lobsters are opportunistic, polyphagous feeders, and they rely heavily on their chemical senses during feeding. Some of their potential prey deter attacks through chemical defenses that act through the spiny lobsters’ chemical senses. An example of this is sea hares, Aplysia californica, which secrete an ink when vigorously attacked by sympatric spiny lobsters, Panulirus interruptus. I show that that this ink defends sea hares from spiny lobsters through several mechanisms that include phagomimicry, sensory disruption, and deterrence, and that the ink’s efficacy is enhanced by its naturally high acidity. As prey, spiny lobsters rely heavily on their chemical senses to assess risk from predators. One way to assess risk of predation is through ‘alarm cues’, which are injury-related chemicals. I show that injured Caribbean spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, release alarm cues in their hemolymph, and that nearby conspecifics detect these cues using olfaction. Hemolymph from conspecifics induces primarily alarm behavior in the form of retreat, sheltering, and suppression of appetitive responses. In contrast, hemolymph from heterospecifics, depending on phylogenetic relatedness, induces either mixed alarm and appetitive behaviors or primarily appetitive behaviors. Spiny lobsters also use chemical cues to assess risk during social interactions with conspecific. I show that spiny lobsters use urine-borne chemical signals and agonistic behaviors to communicate social status and that these chemical signals are detected exclusively by the olfactory pathway. Dominant animals increase urine release during social interactions, whereas subordinates do not. Experimental prevention of urine release during interactions causes an increase in agonism, but this increase is abolished when urine of dominants is reintroduced. My findings lay the foundation for neuroethological studies of risk-assessment systems mediated by intraspecific chemical cues.

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Ma, Yun. "Photofunctional molecular materials for chemical sensing, bioimaging and electrochromic applications." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/206.

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This thesis is dedicated to developing novel photofunctional molecular materials for the applications in chemical sensing, bioimaging and electrochromic. To begin with, a brief introduction of photofunctional molecular materials and an overview of their applications in chemical sensing, bioimaging and electrochromic were presented in Chapter 1. In chapter 2, we have synthesized a series of water-soluble phosphorescent cationic iridium(III) solvato complexes (1-7) as multicolor cellular probes for imaging in living cells. All of these complexes can be dissolved in PBS. The emission of complexes can be tuned from green to red by changing the chemical structure of cyclomedtalating ligands. All complexes exhibit low cytotoxicity to living cells and exhibit cell membrane permeability and specific staining of cytoplasm. They enter the cells by the mechanism of energy-independent passive diffusion mechanisms. More importantly, complex 7 can act as a two-photon phosphorescent cellular probe, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy is successfully applied for bioimaging in the presence of short-lived background fluorescence. We developed two excellent optical probes for CO2 detection in Chapter 3. The first one for the CO2 detection is a phosphorescent probe based on an iridium(III) complex with 2-phenylimidazo-[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline. After bubbling CO2 into the detection solution, the quenched phosphorescence by the addition of CH3COO can be recovered. Photobleaching experiment demonstrates that this phosphorescent CO2 probe shows higher photostability than some of the reported organic probes. More importantly, the time-resolved PL experiment demonstrates that this probe can be used to detect CO2 in the presence of strong background fluorescence, which improves the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor in complicated media. The second one is a water-soluble fluorescent probe based on tetraphenylethene derivative. After bubbling CO2 into the detection solution, remarkable color change and fluorescence enhancement could be observed. The response of this probe to CO2 in aqueous solution is fast and the detection limit is about 2.4 × 106 M. To emphasize the practical application of this probe, a porous film was successfully fabricated by mixing the dye with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in water, which can serve as an efficient CO2 gas sensor. More importantly, this probe exhibits low cytotoxicity towards live cells and has the ability to monitor the external CO2 concentration changes of living cells. Chapter 4 focused on the development of novel soft salt based phosphorescent probe. This type of probe consists of two oppositely charged ionic complexes with two distinguishable emission colors, which makes it a perfect candidate as a ratiometric probe. The emission color of 10 changes from blue to red with increasing pH value. 10 is cell-permeable and exhibits low cytotoxicity, and it has been successfully applied for ratiometric pH imaging with the use of confocal microscopy, demonstrating its great potential for intracellular environment monitoring. Furthermore, phosphorescence lifetime imaging experiments can detect intracellular pH variations by photoluminescence lifetime measurements, which allowed for eliminating background fluorescence and selecting long-lived phosphorescence images. Quantitative measurement of intracellular pH fluctuations caused by oxidative stress has been successfully carried out for 10 based on the pH-dependent calibration curve. A series of cationic Zn(II) complexes has been designed and synthesized in chapter 5. The photophysical properties of these Zn(II) complexes are affected by the counterions. By altering the counterions, the emission peak can be changed from 549 nm to 622 nm. Interestingly, the CIE coordinate and the emission colors can be simply tuned by adjusting the concentration of 11d in the polyether. Under an electric field of about 15 V applied onto the electrodes, the emission color of the solution of 11b-11d near the cathode changed its original emission color to sky blue. Based on this interesting electrochromic fluorescence of 11d, a quasi-solid information recording device has been successfully designed. Furthermore, data encryption has been realized by combining 1d with BODIPY, and information decoding processed has been accomplished, for the first time, by employing TPA excitation techniques, in which the large TPA cross section of 11d is differentiated from small TPA cross section of common organic dyes. Finally, Chapters 6 and 7 present the concluding remarksand the experimental details of the work described in Chapters 25

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Visser, Runine (Runine Cecile). "Chemical communication : chemical characterization of volatile constituents of urine of the southern African cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus jubatus, using headspace sampling and GC-MS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52730.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus, sometimes referred to as "the greyhound of the cats", is probably the most elegant member of the cat family. Formerly widespread in southern Africa it is now threatened with extinction. It occurs in open savanna and light woodland, but also hilly country on occasion. The cheetah is a predator that can reach speeds of more then 110 km/h in short bursts. With a mass of between only 40 to 60 kg, it is not very powerful and cannot defend itself very effectively against carnivores such as the lion and hyaena, for example. This might be the reason why, in order not to advertise its presence, the urine of this animal is practically odourless. In turn, this might explain why no research has so far been devoted to the urine of this animal. In contrast extensive work has been done on the chemical characterisation of the urine of many other carnivores, notably the lion. Extraction of the urine with dichloromethane gave too little material for GC-MS. SPME sampling of the urine itself gave insufficient sample enrichment. Better results were obtained when an SPME-type of headspace sampling, using a larger mass of polydimethylsiloxane, was employed although many of the constituents of the urine could still barely be detected. The compounds identified include a large number of ketones, aldehydes, cyclic and acyclic ethers, carboxylic acids, amides two sulphur compounds in barely detectable quantities, and elemental sulphur. Perhaps the most remarkable result of this thesis is that it was found that the urine of the cheetah, although it is a carnivore, does not contain several sulphur compounds in relatively high concentrations. However, it does contain elemental sulphur. Perhaps a mechanism exists by which the cheetah can convert strongly odorous sulphur containing compounds into the less strongly smelling sulphur.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die jagluiperd, Acinonyx jubatus, 'n roofdier wat tydens 'n jagtog vir kort tye snelhede van meer as 110 km/h kan bereik, is waarskynlik die elegantste lid van die katfamilie. Met sy vaartbelynde liggaam weeg die dier egter slegs tussen 40 en 60 kg kan hy homself nie doeltreffend teen groter roofdiere verdedig nie. Chemiese verbindings, sogenaamde feromone, wat onder andere in die uriene uitgeskei word, word dikwels deur diere gebruik vir gebiedsafbakening en om met ander lede van die spesie te kommunikeer. Die uriene van die jadluiperd is egter feitlik reukloos. Tot dusver is die chemiese samestelling van die uriene van die jagluiperd nog nie ondersoek nie. Ekstraksie van die uriene met dichlorometaan het te min materiaal vir gaschromatografies-massaspektrometriese analise opgelewer, maar bevredigende resultate is verkry deur van 'n verbeterde monsternemingsmetode gebruik te maak. 'n Groot aantal organiese verbindings en twee swawelbevattende verbindings in skaars waarneembare hoeveelhede is in die uriene geïdentifiseer. Daar is egter 'n aansienlike hoeveelheid van die element swawel is in die uriene gevind. Laasgenoemde ontdekking, is die mees verbasende resultaat van hierdie navorsing. Die uitskeiding van swawel in uriene is, sover bekend, eenmalig in die soogdierwêreld. Dit is moontlik dat die jagluiperd oor 'n meganisme beskik om swawelverbindings wat baie sterk ruik om te sit na swawel wat nie so sterk ruik nie. Hierdie meganisme sal die dier se kanse op oorlewing verbeter deur van die swawelbevattende verbindings in sy dieet ontslae te raak sonder om sy teenwoordigheid in die omgewing te adverteer.

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Books on the topic "Chemical senses"

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Anna, Marchlewska-Koj, Lepri John J, Müller-Schwarze Dietland, and International Symposium on Chemical Signals in Vertebrates (9th : 2000 : Kraków, Poland), eds. Chemical signals in vertebrates 9. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2001.

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1959-, Mason Robert Thomas, LeMaster Michael P, and Müller-Schwarze Dietland, eds. Chemical signals in vertebrates 10. New York: Springer, 2005.

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Physical principles in chemoreception. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Claire, Murphy, and International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste (12th : 1997 : San Diego, California), eds. Olfaction and taste XII: An international symposium. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1998.

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Hayes, John, Shane T. McDonald, and David Bolliet. Chemesthesis: Chemical touch in food and eating. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

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J, Bell William, and Cardé Ring T, eds. Chemical ecology of insects. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1995.

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G, Laing David, ed. Perception of complex smells and tastes. Sydney: Academic press, 1989.

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G, Laing David, ed. Perception of complex smells and tastes. Sydney: Academic Press, 1989.

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A, Bell Graham, and Watson Annesley J, eds. Tastes & aromas: The chemical senses in science and industry. Sydney, Australia: UNSW Press/Blackwell Science, 1999.

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L, Hurst Jane, ed. Chemical signals in vertebrates 11. New York: Springer, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical senses"

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Beauchamp, G. K., and J. G. Brand. "The chemical senses." In Quality Attributes and their Measurement in Meat, Poultry and Fish Products, 162–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2167-9_6.

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Mather, George. "The chemical senses." In Foundations of Sensation and Perception, 367–83. 4th ed. London: Psychology Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003335481-13.

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Steward, Oswald. "The Chemical Senses." In Functional Neuroscience, 425–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1198-3_26.

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Ohloff, Günther. "The Chemical Senses." In Scent and Fragrances, 1–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78418-7_1.

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Smith, Barry C. "Spatial Awareness and the Chemical Senses." In Spatial Senses, 170–80. 1 [edition]. | New York : Taylor & Francis, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in contemporary philosophy ; 122: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315146935-10.

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Boles, David B. "The mechanical and chemical senses." In Cognitive Evolution, 91–107. 1 Edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429028038-7.

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Seo, Han-Seok. "Chemical Senses and Flavor Perception." In Food Aroma Evolution, 23–55. 1st edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2019. | Series: Food analysis & properties, 2475-7551: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429441837-3.

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Strominger, Norman L., Robert J. Demarest, and Lois B. Laemle. "Cranial Nerves and Chemical Senses." In Noback's Human Nervous System, Seventh Edition, 239–60. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-779-8_14.

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Zanker, Johannes M. "Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste." In Sensation, perception and action, 112–23. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09210-6_9.

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Boles, David B. "The mechanical and chemical senses." In Cognitive Evolution, 95–113. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003137863-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical senses"

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Assadi, Amir H., Firooz Rasouli, Susan E. Wrenn, and M. Subbiah. "Improving subjective pattern recognition in chemical senses through reduction of nonlinear effects in evaluation of sparse data." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Longin J. Latecki, David M. Mount, and Angela Y. Wu. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.454826.

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Hassan, Mohammad. "TV Autism Spectrum Self-Treatment for the Mind and the Senses without the Use of Drugs or Chemical Medicines." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.hbpp2465.

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Shadden, Shawn C., and Sahar Hendabadi. "Potential Pathways for Platelet Activation." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80474.

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As platelets are transported they are continuously stretched, compressed and sheared by local gradients in the flow. Exposure to elevated gradients can cause platelets to actively react with conformational, chemical and enzymatic responses, i.e. becoming activated. Once switched to the activated state, platelets perform multifaceted roles to orchestrate clotting. Mechanically-induced platelet activation under pathological conditions has been studied since the late 1970s. This work builds on [1], which introduced a trajectory-based level of activation parameter for platelets, and [2] describing coherent structures in cardiovascular flow. We introduce a new direction-independent Lagrangian measure. This measure is introduced as an activation potential in two senses. First, it provides a measure of mechanical strain, which has been shown to have the potential to activate platelets. Second, it is plotted at the initial location of the platelets. This latter condition is subtle, but it enables us to uncover an interesting observation that locations of highest activation potential tend to occur along structures that have important implications to the transport topology.

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Mazrouei, Roya, Bryan Kier, and Mohammad Shavezipur. "Development of Three-Dimensional MEMS Biochemical Sensors for Low Concentration Aqueous Solutions." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98071.

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Abstract Three-dimensional biochemical sensors are developed that can be used for chemical and biological detection in aqueous solutions and suspensions. The sensors are fabricated using a standard polycrystalline silicon process, PolyMUMPs, and can detect chemicals and biomarkers in low concentrations in near real time. The sensors made of a stack of electrodes allowing the solution to occupy the space between the layers of electrodes and have a larger interface with the electrodes. The sensors use electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for detection and therefore increasing the solution-electrode interface improves the sensitivity of the sensor. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed sensor design, experimental measurements are used to characterize and compare the 3D sensors with conventional 2D interdigitated sensors. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) solution is used as the target chemical, and the 2D and 3D biochemical sensors are exposed to different concentrations of DEHP solution. An LCR meter is used to sweep the frequency and determine the impedance of the sensor-solution combination. The test results show that the three-dimensional sensors have higher sensitivity than 2D interdigitated ones verifying the advantage of the new sensor design over existing conventional sensors. The proposed sensors can also be used for detection of biological markers such as cells, proteins and enzymes in aqueous solutions.

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Lim, Si-Hyung “Shawn”, Digvijay Raorane, Srinath Satyanarayana, and Arunava Majumdar. "Nano-Chemo-Mechanical Sensor Array Platform for High Throughput Selective Coating Material Search." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82151.

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Microcantilever (MC) sensors can detect the presence of chemical vapors at very low concentrations based on the surface stress changes generated by the interactions between probe and target molecules on their surfaces [1-2]. The magnitude of the surface stress change depends on the type of interaction taking place which include hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, van der Waals forces, etc. Pinnaduwage et al [2] demonstrated detection of explosive materials at ultra low concentrations (10-30 ppt) using single MC AFM tip coated with a thiol (-SH) self assembled monolayer (SAM). They were able to get highly sensitive and reproducible signals from their MC sensor while detecting chemicals like PETN, RDX, etc. However, they did not demonstrate the specificity of the coating material to explosive materials. Most types of chemical sensors (metal oxide, conductive polymer, carbon nano tube or belt sensors) are known to respond to interfering chemical agents in a similar manner as the target. Bietsch et al [3] used a set of MC’s (1D array) coated with different types of polymers as chemical sensing layers to try and identify unique deflection signatures for each target chemical. The performance of such sensors is expected to degrade during long term usage as the binding force between the polymer coating and the silicon cantilever structure is weak. Furthermore, polymer coating layers are in general not selective to specific target vapors since they have limited chemical and structural information due to the simple repetition of same chemical structure. To increase the selectivity for a particular target vapor, it is necessary to develop coating materials, which have enough chemical/structural information and long term stability specifically for that target. To expedite the screening process for testing several coating materials in parallel, we need a high throughput sensor array platform.

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Hajjaj, Amal Z., Nizar Jaber, Nouha Alcheikh, and Mohammad I. Younis. "A Sensitive Resonant Gas Sensor Based on Multimode Excitation of a Buckled Beam." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98148.

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Abstract The quest for ultra-sensitive low-cost miniaturized gas sensors in the past few decades has sparked interest to seek alternative approaches other than the conventional gas sensors that need large surface areas and special chemicals for functionalization. MEMS thermal conductivity based gas sensors [1, 2] have been shown to be among the promising candidates since they do not rely on gas absorption or chemical reactions. These sensors show long lifetime and great stability compared to conventional gas sensor. The thermal conductivity based gas sensors rely on the resistance variation of the heated structures due to gas exposure [1]. Typical values of resistance changes are less than few percent. Here, we present a thermal conductivity based gas sensor relying on frequency shifts of an electrothermally heated bridge operated near the buckling point, which leads to ultra-high sensitivity.

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7

Pierce, Joseph E., and Eva M. Sevick-Muraca. "Particle Sizing From Multi-Wavelength Frequency Domain Measurements of Photon Migration." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1996.lthd.10.

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Particle density and size distribution are critical process parameters in many of today's industrial processes that involve dispersed phase process streams. For example, granulation, crystallization, emulsion polymerization, and liquid-liquid extraction lack the appropriate monitoring techniques to facilitate process control and optimization. Optical sensors involving dynamic light scattering, turbidity, and backscatter have been proposed in the past. Yet these optical sensors are restricted to process streams that are either relatively non-scattering by industry standards, or require calibration to the process streams which they are intended to monitor. The latter is especially detrimental for successful implementation of optical sensors in the chemical based industries. When process disturbances occur, the optical sensor is intended to provide important and accurate information to the controller for corrective action. If the calibration of the sensor is invalidated due to changing process stream composition (as might happen during process disturbances), then the accuracy of the feedback signal may cause catastrophic results if actuation is based upon it. Thus, a robust, self-calibrating optical sensor is required for optimization of many processes in the chemical-based industries.

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8

Satyanarayana, Srinath, Daniel T. McCormick, and Arunava Majumdar. "Parylene Micro-Membrane Capacitive Bio/Chemical Sensor." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82017.

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Micro-fabricated sensor arrays have immense potential to become an accurate, quantitative and high-throughput analysis tool for chemical and biological sensing. In the recent years, several microcantilever sensors using surface stress transduction principle have been developed to address this need [1]. However, the design of these sensors is limited by the high mechanical rigidity of the silicon based materials used in fabrication. The cantilever geometry also has limitations in liquid media, which is common in biological applications, because of non-specific adsorption on the back side of the cantilever. The optical detection methods used for measuring the microcantilever deflection are also not amenable to miniaturization. In this paper we demonstrate a novel parylene micro-membrane sensor that exploits the low mechanical stiffness of polymers and addresses the above issues. The concept of a polymer micro-membrane surface stress sensor was first presented by the authors using parylene as the membrane material [2] and later by Rodriguez et al using PDMS membranes [3]. The salient features of the sensor are that it: (i) is label free; (ii) is a universal platform - suitable for both chemical and biological sensing, (iii) uses electronic (capacitive detection) readout; (iv) has integrated microfluidics for addressing individual sensors on the chip (v) is capable of handling both liquid and gas samples; (vi) is made using standard low temperature microfabrication processes (< 120 C); and (vii) can readily be scaled and multiplexed.

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9

Lieberman, R. A. "Fiber-optic sensors for environmental applications." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.thp.1.

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The use of optical fibers for chemical monitoring predates communications uses. In recent years, advances in fiber optic and semiconductor technology, as well as in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, have made fiber optic chemical sensors very attractive for a wide variety of environmental applications. Remote spectroscopic measurements via optical fibers (passive fiber optic chemical sensing), including fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, and often multiplexing many fibers to provide simultaneous multipoint chemical information, have become well accepted in the process control and environmental monitoring industries. Active techniques, in which chemically sensitive devices, or “optrodes”, are attached to fibers, are being intensively studied, and a few sensor systems based on these are beginning to appear as commercial products. Intrinsic sensors, in which optical fibers are the actual chemical transduction devices, have begun to attract wide attention, because of their potential for continuous long-path monitoring. Chemical sensing requirements challenge fiber optic researchers: new optical fiber designs (D-fibers, hollow waveguides, multi-core, off-center core, tapered geometries, and others) are being investigated to enhance fiber chemical sensitivity. New fiber materials (fluorozirconate, chalcogenide, sapphire, silver halide, and others) are being developed to extend transmission into the infrared “chemical fingerprint” region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Doyle, Aidan, and Brian D. MacCraith. "Optical Waveguide Chemical Sensors Using Grating Coupling." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cfj6.

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There is an increasing need for reliable, repeatable gas/aqueous phase chemical sensors in many industrial, medical and environmental applications. Much work at present is being done in the area of sol-gel sensing and more specifically planar waveguide based chemical sensors. This form of chemical sensor utilises evanescent wave sensing. One of the key issues in this configuration is the coupling mechanism into the waveguide. Many groups have reported the fabrication of sensor platforms, which contain low loss planar waveguides along with a variety of techniques. Prism coupling is a popular mechanism for launching light into a waveguide. However, bulky optics and precise beam alignment can lead to lack of repeatability. Another mechanism commonly used to launch light into a waveguide is grating coupling. Many different fabrication processes are used to produce grating couplers on the surface of waveguides. The technique used in this work was the embossing procedure.

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Reports on the topic "Chemical senses"

1

Carey, P., V. Hamilton, P. Mendoza, L. Wangen, W. Smith, B. Jorgensen, G. Jarvinen, and P. Smith. Chemical sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5168348.

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2

Hubbard, C. W., and R. L. Gordon. Chemical sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6804195.

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3

Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.

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Andrew C. R. Pipino. Miniature Chemical Sensor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835039.

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5

Patten, Frank, and Keith Reiss. Mission-Adaptable Chemical Sensor (MACS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada513704.

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Hartman, Nile F., Daniel P. Campbell, and Janet Cobb. Integrated Optic Chemical-Biological Sensors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385370.

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7

Swanson, B., and DeQuan Li. Self-assembled thin film chemical sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/405163.

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8

Carrano, John. Chemical and Biological Sensor Standards Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada458370.

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Grate, Jay W., Steven N. Kaganove, and David A. Nelson. Polymers for Chemical Sensors Using Hydrosilylation Chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/786795.

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Grate, Jay W., Steven N. Kaganove, and David A. Nelson. Polymers for Chemical Sensors Using Hydrosilylation Chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/965675.

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