Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Chemical removal'
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Bernstein, Howard. "A system for heparin removal." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15291.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.
Bibliography: leaves 255-264.
by Howard Bernstein.
Ph.D.
Gaulin, Jean-Philippe. "Selective caffeine removal by microbial consortia." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80272.
Effects of caffeine on microbial consortia were studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), providing a community-scale view of changes in microbial consortia upon caffeine addition. Surprisingly, caffeine removal was achieved indigenously by the microbial consortium. Principal component analysis was used to analyze differences in DGGE banding patterns between control and caffeine-exposed mixed cultures.
Roostaei, Nadia. "Removal of phenol from water by adsorption." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ46605.pdf.
Abdulrahman, Aymn. "Removal of mixed acids from aqueous solution." Thesis, The University of Maine, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3662514.
Carboxylic acids are commonly generated in biorefinery operations such as fermentation or aqueous extraction of hemicellulose feedstocks. In most cases, organic acids are generated as dilute components in aqueous streams. If they can be recovered from solution inexpensively they may find value as pure chemical products or as starting materials for a wide variety of organic products, including biofuels.
Liquid-liquid extraction is a separation method applied to recover mixed carboxylic acids from a fermented wood extract. These acids included: acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, caproic and heptanoic acids. An organic solution, such as trialkylphosphine oxide (CYANEX 923, a mixture of four trialkylphosphine oxides), was mixed with fermented wood extract to extract these acids. Although the extraction was highly effective, however it was shown that distillation was not able to recover these acids from the extraction solvent.
In this study, after liquid-liquid extraction of the acids from the aqueous phase, the mixed acids are recovered from the organic phase by a back extraction with sodium hydroxide. The mixture is agitated and centrifuged to separate the organic and aqueous phases. Results present the extraction and recovery efficiencies of this method of recovery organic acids.
Ng, Dedy. "Nanoparticles removal in post-CMP (Chemical-Mechanical Polishing) cleaning." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4159.
Mahmud, Hassan. "Development of pervaporation membrane for volatile organic chemical removal." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9896.
Omoregie, Henryson Osawaru 1953. "Removal of chemical species by electrically charged bicomponent fibers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282121.
Sundaram, Hari Prashanth. "SO₂ removal with coal scrubbing." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2035.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 42 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-34).
Shieh, Marvin Bryan. "Face-up chemical mechanical polishing : kinematics and material removal rate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36701.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 27).
A working prototype face-up CMP tool has successfully been completed. Experiments conducted on the face-up CMP machine qualitatively correspond with the theoretical polishing model. Discrepancies in data from the theoretical model could potentially be caused by non-uniform loading of the polishing pad and uneven distribution of slurry over the pad due to the edge effects on fluid flow. Despite the discrepancies, experimental data suggest that the theoretical model used to describe blanket wafer polishing by the face-up CMP tool is at least partially valid.
by Marvin Bryan Shieh.
S.B.
Chua, Xiang Le. "Derivatisation of chemical warfare agent degradant without removal of water." Thesis, Chua, Xiang Le (2018) Derivatisation of chemical warfare agent degradant without removal of water. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/42915/.
Rois, Anwar Nurul Zaizuliana. "Removal of crystalline confectionery material from hard surfaces." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6542/.
McHarg, Amy Marie. "Optimisation of municipal wastewater biological nutrient removal using computer simulation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10479.
Mahmud, Hassan. "Removal of organics from water/wastewater by membrane air-stripping." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66171.pdf.
Dumortier, Rémy. "Selective removal of gallium from aqueous solutions using organophosphorus ligands." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85157.
The removal with sodium di-(n-octyl) phosphinate of other metals such as aluminum, indium, iron, calcium and zinc, found in the mining and electronic effluents with gallium, was considered. A good selectivity of the ligand for the gallium over the other metals was obtained. A process was proposed for the electronics industry to treat gallium arsenic effluent.
Finally a mathematical model was established to describe the removal behavior of the metals with the sodium di-(n-octyl) phosphinate ligand.
Wibulswas, Ratanawan. "Removal of organic compounds for water using modified Montmorillonite." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368193.
Mortazavi, Saviz. "Removal of arsenic from water using adsorption on alumina/membrane separation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22006.pdf.
Prasetyo, Imam. "Removal of toxic metals from aqueous solutions by biosorption." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60713.
Chen, Huan 1971 Mar 8. "Electrokinetic removal of zinc and lead from saturated clay." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20198.
The electroosmotic flowrate decreased with time due to a significant increase in the concentration of H+ ions in the bed. Without cathode rinsing the clay bed cracked and the voltage increased. Rinsing the cathode prevented cracking and decreased the voltage applied across the bed. The acid front generated at the anode advanced across the clay bed at a speed of approximately 1.4 mm/hr. When there was no rinsing, most of the metals precipitated in the cathode region. With rinsing, the metals which reached the cathode compartment were removed by the effluent at constant rates over four days. For clay contaminated with Zn, the rate of removal was 15 mg/hr; for clay contaminated with Pb, the rate of removal was 54 mg/hr. For clays with single contaminants and cathode rinsing, the energy consumption was approximately 1.3 x 106 kJ/m3 of clean soil for zinc removal and 1.8 x 106 kJ/m3 for lead removal. For clays contaminated with both metals, the rates of removal were 11 mg/hr for Zn and 26 mg/hr for Pb. After four days, 23% of Pb and 67% of Zn was removed. The efficiency of current utilization was 32% for removal of Zn alone and 40% for removal of Pb alone. For removal of mixed contaminants the efficiency was 40%. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
He, Jiahan. "Removal and degradation of chlorinated organic compounds in groundwater." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280357.
Nadeem, Syed Ahmad. "Aspects of SOâ†2 removal in a fluidized bed combustor." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291078.
Leggett, Graham. "Chemical strategies for removal of trace impurities from gases and solvents." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.731713.
Conley, LuAnne Simpson. "Removal of complexed iron by chemical oxidation and/or alum coagulation." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020643/.
Khawaja, Anmol. "High temperature removal of H2S by using MNO." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233862.
Mbedzi, Ndishavhelafhi. "An investigation into the removal of aluminosilicates scaling species by activated alumina." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5443.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-74).
Gas condensates from the coal conversion plants contains trace amounts of inorganic species such as Si, Ca and Al ions, which cause scaling in downstream processes. Silica has been identified as the main constituent of the scale materials in geothermal plants. In order to prevent scaling, silica ions need to be removed or reduced. Alumina has been shown to successfully remove both silica and calcium from waste water streams. However, it also causes an increase in the aluminum concentration through dissolution. The mechanism of the silica and calcium uptake by alumina is not fully understood. In this study, the mechanism of silica uptake by alumina was investigated through an extensive literature review and experimental work on the alumina and silica chemistry when in solution. The chemistry of the alumina in suspension can be used to explain its reactions with other species (both inorganic and organic) in solutions. Activated alumina chemistry in suspension under alkaline conditions was investigated. The results showed that small amounts of alumina particles can undergo transformation into its hydrated phases and consequently aluminate (Al(OH)4 -) species are leached out from the pellets and dissolve in solution with subsequent precipitation when in solution. The inorganic species uptake can be attributed to the species interacting with the Al in solution and the hydrated phases of alumina. The results on the inorganic species uptake by alumina showed that a break through point is never attained. This indicates that the inorganic species removal by alumina cannot be attributed exclusively to an adsorption process. Hence, the mechanism of species removal was suggested to be a combination of adsorption and surface precipitation/reaction. Since alumina is costly, its application in wastewater treatment is dependent on its ability to be regenerated. As a result, the second objective of this study was to investigate the regeneration of the alumina by unloading the silica from the loaded alumina using various reagents and subsequently testing the effectiveness of the alumina with a second loading. The reagents used to unload the loaded alumina were sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium gluconate at varying concentrations. The three reagents showed an increase in Si unloading with an increase in reagent concentrations. Sulphuric acid showed an unloading capacity of up to about 50% and 70% for batch and continuous unloading respectively. On the other hand, sodium hydroxide showed Si unloading of up to about 50% and 40% for the batch and continuous unloading of loaded alumina respectively under the investigated concentrations. The unloading of Si from saturated alumina using sodium gluconate was only conducted batch-wise as it only achieved a 6% unloading for the concentrations investigated. However, even though the scaling species were eluted from the alumina bed this did not improve/restore the loading capacity of alumina but rather kept the performance of the alumina at the same level that it was before the regeneration process. Also during the unloading of silica from alumina, excessive alumina dissolution was observed when using 0.25M and 0.65M NaOH.
Yan, Qingmei. "Biological nitrogen removal of saline wastewater by ammonium oxidizers." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182116.
Whyte, Ian. "Reticulated vitreous carbon cathodes for metal ion removal from process streams." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316472.
Andersson, Mathilda. "Biochar removal of micropollutants in wastewater effluentsfrom Morocco and South Africa." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136632.
Charlson, Alexandra. "Removal of pharmaceuticalcontainingwastewater by bioandhydrochar adsorbents : Adsorption capacity and surface functionalities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136762.
Saad, Ramzi Fayez. "Selected heavy metal and organic removal from wastewater by precipitation and ozonation processes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4545.
Yu, Bo. "Sulfate removal from concentrated sodium chloride brines for chloralkali industry with nanofiltration membranes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27202.
Husein, Maen. "Removal of lead from aqueous solutions with compounds having the sodium carboxylate group." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27228.
JI, LEI. "Novel Nano-Structured Sorbents for Elemental and Oxidized Mercury Removal from Flue Gas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212028586.
Nazarian, Reyhaneh. "Advanced Phosphate Removal in Dialysis Employing Lanthanum Impregnated Activated Carbon Fixed-Bed Column." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1515508343971243.
Juneja, Harpreet. "Removal of Adsorbed Moisture and Organics from Surfaces and Nanostructures in Semiconductor Manufacturing." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193597.
Paragano, Matthew Vincent. "Liquid Systems for Carbon Dioxide Removal in Spacecraft Environments." Thesis, Yale University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10783463.
As humans strive to explore deeper into the solar system, the need for efficient, compact, and reliable life support systems for providing breathable air and drinkable water become critical to mission success. One element of providing breathable air is the removal of metabolic gaseous waste products, primarily consisting of carbon dioxide, from the cabin air. Recent work on human performance has suggested that carbon dioxide has effects on human performance at lower concentrations than previously anticipated and at concentrations lower than presently controlled to on the International Space Station. Such performance requirements represent a substantial challenge and provide the opportunity for an alternative solution to the zeolites presently in use. The present work examines the feasibility of using liquid a bsorbents to perform carbon dioxide absorption in enclosed microgravity environments.
The use of liquid absorbents for carbon dioxide removal (or capture) is well studied in literature. Chief among the absorbents studied is monoethanolamine, an organic base which reacts to neutralize carbon dioxide. The reactivity of bases with amines increases the mass transfer rate, a particularly desirable feature for systems requiring compact architectures. To improve the diffusivity of carbon dioxide and reaction products, amines are typically dissolved in water, which has a low viscosity and solubilizes amines well. However, as analyzed in this work, aqueous sorbents are unattractive in enclosed environments because the water will evaporate into the cabin. As an alternative, an off-the-shelf, non-aqueous mixture of aminoethylethyleneamine and triethylene glycol was developed which shows moderate viscosity characteristics with low-volatility components and full miscibility.
This work investigates for the first time the use of electrospray as a nanoscalegas -liquid contactor to improve the mass transfer while using a viscous liquid absorbent. Experimental investigation of this phenomenon concludes that electrospray shows a high overall mass transfer rate at all loadings than a stationary film. The proposed reason for the continued high mass transfer rate is the continuous refreshing of the gas-liquid interface with unreacted amine. Varying parameters for the concentrations of carbon dioxide and a mine, the liquid flow rate, and the driving electricfield show the data may be collapsed by an empirical dimensionless group which relates to the liquid pool at the bottom of the spray that represents a well-mixed interface. In addition, the influence of carbon dioxide reacting with the surface of the electrospray cone was studied experimentally with monoethanolamine, concluding that emitted current increases with carbon dioxide partial pressure due to production of ionic reaction products changing electrical conductivity.
Finally, the mass transfer of water vapor and carbon dioxide through a microporous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane into aqueous and non-aqueous aminoethylethanola mine solutions. Aqueous solutions show water vapor losses, consistent with expectations, which would impose a condensation risk to cabin environments.
Bonner, Alison Lee 1966. "Oxidation and removal of organic impurities from ultrapure water." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277910.
Buchanan, Ian 1953. "Kinetic modelling of horseradish peroxidase catalyzed phenol removal for reactor development." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40325.
An empirical model has been developed to relate phenol concentration after complete batch reaction to the initial concentrations of phenol and HRP, both in the presence and the absence of PEG.
A kinetic model has been developed for the removal process. Enzyme inactivation has been modelled as occurring when free radicals, formed during the catalytic cycle, disrupt the enzyme's active site; and when the enzyme becomes entrapped in the polymers as they form.
The model has been adapted to batch, plug-flow (PFR) and continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR). The model was calibrated by means of a genetic algorithm using data from bench-scale batch reactors, and validated for batch and plug-flow reactors over a range of phenol concentrations which is normally encountered in industrial effluents. The rate constant associated with enzyme inactivation by free radicals was found to be essentially zero in the presence of PEG.
Calibration of the inactivation rate constants for a CSTR confirmed enzyme inactivation in the presence of PEG to be modelled best by entrapment alone. The estimated value of the rate constant associated with enzyme entrapment in a CSTR was 35% lower than the value estimated for a PFR and batch reactor.
Model simulations and experimental results obtained using a bench-scale multiple-stage CSTR in the presence of PEG showed that the efficiency of enzyme use increased with an increasing number of reactor stages.
These results indicate that a multiple-stage CSTR, to which PEG was added to provide maximum enzyme protection, would be the most favourable environment of those tested during this investigation for the implementation of the HRP-catalyzed process.
Salvesen, Thomas Alexander. "Sol-gel derived palladium catalysts for the removal of automotive chemical pollutants." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843351/.
Collins, William D. "Chemical treatment of corroding steel reinforcement after removal of chloride contaminated concrete." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040410/.
Clark, T. "The impact of chemical addition for phosphorus removal on activated sludge treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268135.
Rosendahl, Sara. "Modelling control strategies for chemical phosphorus removal at Tivoli wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453546.
Karra, Pavan K. "Modeling and control of material removal and defectivity in chemical mechanical planarization." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3355516.
Lingaraju, Bala P. "Removal of Nitrogen from Wastewater Using Microalgae." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1321888338.
Yang, Yang. "Removal Mechanisms of Protective Iron Carbonate Layer in Flowing Solutions." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339731278.
LIU, Fangzhu. "Integration of Chemical Oxidation and Biotreatment for Removal of TNT from Explosives Contaminated Soil." MSSTATE, 2002. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-12032002-152100/.
Dube, Vuyiswa. "Study of selective removal of CoS and NiS during purification of MnSO₄ electrolyte." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13710.
Palabiyik, Ibrahim. "Investigation of fluid mechanical removal in the cleaning process." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4593/.
Wang, Bei. "Microalgal Lipids Production and NitrogenPhosphorus Removal Using the Green Alga Neochloris oleoabundans." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28571.
Esalah, Jamaleddin. "Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by precipitation with sodium di-(n-octyl) phosphinate." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37715.
The heavy metals lead, cadmium, and zinc were precipitated from aqueous solutions with sodium di-(n-octyl) phosphinate (NaL) in the form of PbL 2(s), CdL2(s), and ZnL2(s). The mole ratio of NaL to lead in the feed was varied from 0.1 to 6.5, depending on the acidity of the feed. The effects of the feed pH, concentration of chloride, concentration of calcium, and of the chain length of the precipitating agent on the removal of lead, were investigated. Adding acid to the feed solution reduced the removal of lead as some of the phosphinate precipitated in the acid form as HL(s). The presence of chloride or calcium in the feed solution, up to mole ratios to lead of 250 and 2.75, respectively, had no effect on the removal of lead. The solubility of the precipitate PbL 2(s) was reduced by increasing the length of the alkyl group of the phosphinate. The removal of cadmium, zinc, and a mixture of lead, cadmium and zinc was investigated. Behavior similar to that of lead was observed. The selectivity of the precipitating agent for the three metals was in the order Zn > Pb > Cd.
The precipitating agent was completely regenerated by adding NaOH to the precipitate, and then contacted with diethyl ether to extract the reagent. The lead was completely recovered from the PbL2(s). Pure lead-free precipitating agent, and an aqueous solution of lead at a concentration 100 times its concentration in the feed, were obtained.
Using measured solubility products of the precipitates and literature values of the stability constants for the other expected reactions, the removal of metal, the loss of precipitating agent, and the equilibrium pH were predicted.
Huang, Liangliang. "Computational Study of Toxic Gas Removal by Reactive Adsorption." Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3538542.
Growing concerns about the environment and terrorist attacks prompt a search for effective adsorbents for removal of small molecule toxic gases, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, under ambient conditions in the presence of moisture, where physical adsorption is not adequate. We use graphene oxide and CuBTC metal-organic framework as the adsorbents to explore toxic gas removal by reactive adsorption. Using ab initio density functional theory, atomistic reactive molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation strategies, theoretical understanding of the underlying reaction and adsorption mechanisms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on graphene oxide and CuBTC metal-organic framework have been gained.
The ab initio calculation results show that ammonia and hydrogen sulfide decompose on carboxyl and epoxy functional groups and vacancy defects of graphene oxide. The existence of water molecules substantially reduces the adsorption/dissociation of ammonia or hydrogen sulfide on graphene oxide because the water molecules either form hydrogen bonds with the functional groups or adsorb more easily on the vacancy defects. Reactive molecular dynamics calculations by the ReaxFF method have been performed to propose realistic graphene oxide models for theoretical calculations. We also use reactive molecular dynamics simulation to study the thermal and hydrostatic stabilities of the CuBTC metal-organic framework and its application for ammonia removal. We predict the collapse temperature for CuBTC crystal structure and observe the partial collapse of CuBTC at lower temperatures upon ammonia adsorption. The results agree well with experiment data and provide insights on the reaction mechanism involved in such an ammonia removal process.
The research in this thesis can provide fundamental understanding, at the electronic and atomistic levels, of the roles of surface defects and functionalities for reactive adsorption of toxic gas molecules. In addition to developing experimental and theoretical algorithms to design effective adsorbents, the results are expected to find applications in air cleaning, energy storage, fuel cell technology and other scientific challenges where the separation of reactive molecules is involved.