Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical processes Design'

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical processes Design"

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Schug, Brett W., and Matthew J. Realff. "Design of standardized, modular, chemical processes." Computers & Chemical Engineering 20 (January 1996): S435—S441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(96)00083-x.

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Hasebe, Shinji. "Design and Operation of Micro Chemical Processes." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 69, no. 5 (2011): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.69.534.

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Ostrovsky, G. M., T. V. Lapteva, and N. N. Ziyatdinov. "Optimal design of chemical processes under uncertainty." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 48, no. 5 (September 2014): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579514050212.

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Sanchez, A. "Design of procedural controllers for chemical processes." Computers & Chemical Engineering 19, no. 1 (June 11, 1995): S381—S386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(95)00045-4.

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Sanchez, A., and S. Macchietto. "Design of procedural controllers for chemical processes." Computers & Chemical Engineering 19 (June 1995): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(95)87066-0.

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Muske, Kenneth R., and Christos Georgakis. "Optimal measurement system design for chemical processes." AIChE Journal 49, no. 6 (June 2003): 1488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690490612.

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Naka, Yuji, Ming Liang Lu, and Hiroshi Takiyama. "Operational design for start-up of chemical processes." Computers & Chemical Engineering 21, no. 9 (June 1997): 997–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(96)00333-x.

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Gani, Rafiqul, Esben L. Soerensen, and Jens Perregaard. "Design and analysis of chemical processes through DYNSIM." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 31, no. 1 (January 1992): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00001a035.

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Kumar, Ashok. "Green Engineering: Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes." Journal of Hazardous Materials 95, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(02)00165-6.

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Agamennoni, O. E., A. C. Desages, and J. A. Romagnoli. "Robust controller design methodology for multivariable chemical processes." Chemical Engineering Science 43, no. 11 (1988): 2937–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(88)80047-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical processes Design"

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Lai, Sau Man. "Feasibility and flexibility in chemical process design /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CBME%202009%20LAI.

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Eggersmann, Markus. "Analysis and support of work processes within chemical engineering design processes /." Düsseldorf : VDI-Verl, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013342934&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Zhu, Jianye. "Integrated process design and control of chemical processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/NQ34864.pdf.

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Amale, Amit. "New approach to the design and optimization on energy efficient chemical processes /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2008. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3314439.

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Barrera, Michael D. "Optimal design and operation of batch processes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80458.

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Van, Dyk Braam. "Computerized design of solvents for extractive processes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52171.

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Thesis (PhDEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Separation processes are an integral part of chemical engineering. The purity of a chemical product is among the principal factors influencing its value. Therefore, any method that can increase the purity of a product or decrease the cost of purification will have a direct effect on the profitability of the entire plant. An important class of separation processes is the solvent-based separations. This includes processes like extractive distillation, liquid-liquid extraction and chromatographic separation. Heterogeneous azeotropic distillation is closely related to these processes. The most important variable in the design of a solvent-based separation process is the choice of solvent. A genetic algorithm for the computer-aided molecular design of solvents for extractive distillation had been previously developed by the author. This algorithm was improved and expanded to include liquid-liquid extraction, heterogeneous azeotropic distillation, gas-liquid chromatography and liquid-liquid (partition) chromatography. At the same time the efficiency of the algorithm was improved, resulting in a speed increase of up to 500% in certain cases. An automatic parameter tuning algorithm was also implemented to ensure maximum efficiency of the underlying genetic algorithm. In order to find suitable entrainers for heterogeneous azeotropic distillation a method is required to locate any ternary heterogeneous azeotropes present in a system. A number of methods proposed in the literature were evaluated and found to be computationally inefficient. Two new methods were therefore developed for ternary systems. A methodology for applying these methods to quaternary and higher systems was also proposed. Two algorithms to design blended solvents were also developed. Blended solvents allow the use of simpler and thus cheaper solvents by spreading the active functional groups over several molecular backbones. It was observed in a number of cases that the blended solvents performed better than their individual components. This was attributed to synergistic interactions between these components. Experimental evidence for this effect was also found. The algorithm was applied to a number of industrially important separation problems, including the extremely difficult final purification process of alpha olefins. In each case solvents were found that are predicted to perform substantially better than those that are currently used in industry. A number of these predictions were tested by experiment and found to hold true.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Skeidingsprosesse is 'n integrale deel van chemiese ingenieurswese. Die suiwerheid van 'n chemiese produk is een van die hoof faktore wat die waarde daarvan bepaal. Derhalwe sal enige metode wat die suiwerheid van 'n produk kan verbeter, of die koste van die suiwering daarvan kan verlaag, 'n direkte effek op die winsgewendheid van die hele aanleg hê. 'n Belangrike groep skeidingsprosesse is die oplosmiddel-gebaseerde skeidings. Dit sluit prosesse soos ekstraktiewe distillasie, vloeistofvloeistof ekstraksie en chromatografiese skeidings in. Heterogene azeotrope distillasie is nou verwant aan hierdie prosesse. Die belangrikste veranderlike in die ontwerp van so 'n oplosmiddel-gebaseerde proses is die keuse van oplosmiddel. 'n Genetiese algoritme vir die rekenaargesteunde molekulêe ontwerp van oplosmiddels vir ekstraktiewe distillasie is voorheen ontwikkel deur die skrywer. Hierdie algoritme is verbeter en uitgebrei om vloeistofvloeistofekstraksie, heterogene azeotrope distillasie, gas-vloeistof chromatografie en vloeistof-vloeistof (verdelings) chromatografie in te sluit. Ter selfde tyd is die doeltreffendheid van die algoritme verbeter, wat 'n verbetering in spoed van tot 500% in sekere gevalle tot gevolg gehad het. 'n Algoritme om die parameters van die onderliggende genetiese algoritme outomaties te verfyn is ook geïm plementeer om die optimale werksverrigting van die algoritme te verseker. Om gepaste saamsleepmiddels vir heterogene azeotrope distillasie te vind, word 'n metode benodig om enige ternêre heterogene azeotrope aanwesig in 'n stelsel op te spoor. 'n Aantal sulke metodes wat in die literatuur voorgestel is, is geëvaluEer en daar is gevind dat hierdie metodes ondoeltreffend is. Twee nuwe metodes is derhalwe ontwikkel vir ternêre stelsels. 'n Metodiek om hierdie metodes op kwaternêre en hoër stelsels toe te pas, is ook voorgestel. Twee algoritmes vir die ontwerp van gemengde oplosmiddels is ook ontwikkel. Gemengde oplosmiddels laat die gebruik van eenvoudiger en dus goedkoper oplosmiddels toe, deur die aktiewe funksionele groepe oor 'n aantal molekulêe strukture te versprei. Daar is 'n aantal gevalle waargeneem waar die mengsel beter skeiding bewerkstellig het as die individuele oplosmiddels waaruit dit bestaan. Dit is toegeskryf aan 'n sinergistiese wisselwerking tussen die komponente van die mengsel. Eksperimentele getuienis vir hierdie effek is ook ingewin. Die algoritme is toegepas op 'n aantal belangrike skeidingsprobleme vanuit die bedryf, insluitende die uiters moeilike finale suiwering van alfa olefiene. In elke geval is oplosmiddels gevind wat volgens voorspelling aansienlike beter skeidings sal bewerkstellig as dié wat tans in die bedryf gebruik word. 'n Aantal van hierdie voorspellings is eksperimenteel getoets en korrek bewys.
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Smith, Edward Maxwell de Brant. "On the optimal design of continuous processes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7850.

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Schug, Brett W. "Standardized modular process design with interval reasoning." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10239.

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Quirante, Natalia. "Rigorous Design of Chemical Processes: Surrogate Models and Sustainable Integration." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/74373.

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El desarrollo de procesos químicos eficientes, tanto desde un punto de vista económico como desde un punto de vista ambiental, es uno de los objetivos principales de la Ingeniería Química. Para conseguir este propósito, durante los últimos años, se están empleando herramientas avanzadas para el diseño, simulación, optimización y síntesis de procesos químicos, las cuales permiten obtener procesos más eficientes y con el menor impacto ambiental posible. Uno de los aspectos más importantes a tener en cuenta para diseñar procesos más eficientes es la disminución del consumo energético. El consumo energético del sector industrial a nivel global representa aproximadamente el 22.2 % del consumo energético total, y dentro de este sector, la industria química representa alrededor del 27 %. Por lo tanto, el consumo energético de la industria química a nivel global constituye aproximadamente el 6 % de toda la energía consumida en el mundo. Además, teniendo en cuenta que la mayor parte de la energía consumida es generada principalmente a partir de combustibles fósiles, cualquier mejora de los procesos químicos que reduzca el consumo energético supondrá una reducción del impacto ambiental. El trabajo recopilado en esta Tesis Doctoral se ha llevado a cabo dentro del grupo de investigación COnCEPT, perteneciente al Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de los Procesos Químicos de la Universidad de Alicante, durante los años 2014 y 2017. El objetivo principal de la presente Tesis Doctoral se centra en el desarrollo de herramientas y modelos de simulación y optimización de procesos químicos con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia energética de éstos, lo que conlleva a la disminución del impacto ambiental de los procesos. Más concretamente, esta Tesis Doctoral se compone de dos estudios principales, que son los objetivos concretos que se pretenden conseguir: - Estudio y evaluación de los modelos surrogados para la mejora en la optimización basada en simuladores de procesos químicos. - Desarrollo de nuevos modelos para la optimización de procesos químicos y la integración de energía simultánea, para redes de intercambiadores de calor.
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Petridis, Dimitrios P. (Dimitrios Petros). "Computer-aided design of integrated biochemical processes : development of BioDesigner." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13749.

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Books on the topic "Chemical processes Design"

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Chemical process design. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

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R, Woods Donald. Process design and engineering practice. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: PTR Prentice Hall, 1994.

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Conceptual design of chemical processes. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988.

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Wells, G. L. The art of chemical process design. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.

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E, Grossmann Ignacio, and Westerberg Arthur W, eds. Systematic methods of chemical process design. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall PTR, 1997.

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1955-, Turton Richard, ed. Analysis, synthesis, and design of chemical processes. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009.

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Analysis, synthesis, and design of chemical processes. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2012.

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1955-, Turton Richard, ed. Analysis, synthesis, and design of chemical processes. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2003.

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Integrated design and simulation of chemical processes. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003.

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D, Seader J., and Lewin Daniel R, eds. Process design principles: Synthesis, analysis, and evaluation. New York: Wiley, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical processes Design"

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Bahadori, Alireza, Malcolm Clark, and Bill Boyd. "Processes Design." In Essentials of Water Systems Design in the Oil, Gas, and Chemical Processing Industries, 21–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6516-4_2.

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Sun, Chang Q. "Design Materials and Processes." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 153–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-21-7_8.

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Farías-Cepeda, Lorena, Lucero Rosales Marines, Karina Reyes Acosta, Adolfo Romero Galarza, and Anilú Rubio Ríos. "Design of Green Chemical Processes." In Handbook of Research on Bioenergy and Biomaterials, 39–64. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003105053-3.

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Heidebrecht, Peter, and Kai Sundmacher. "Conceptual Design of Internal Reforming in High-Temperature Fuel Cells." In Integrated Chemical Processes, 45–67. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605738.ch2.

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Rodrigues, Alirio, Carlos Costa, and Rosa Ferreira. "Transport Processes in Catalyst Pellets." In Chemical Reactor Design and Technology, 1–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4400-8_1.

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Mihai, Carmen, and Alexandra Ene. "Innovative Filtering Systems for High Temperature Chemical Processes." In Advances in Industrial Design, 770–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51194-4_100.

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Seider, Warren D. "Design for the Operability and Controllability of Chemical Processes." In Design Theory ’88, 226–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3646-7_21.

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Patti, Angela. "Technological Tools and Design of New Chemical Processes." In SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science, 117–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1454-0_4.

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Sprockel, Omar L., and Howard J. Stamato. "Design and Scale-Up of Dry Granulation Processes." In Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 727–55. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470882221.ch38.

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Stamato, Howard J., and Omar L. Sprockel. "DESIGN AND SCALE-UP OF DRY GRANULATION PROCESSES." In Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 81–118. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119600800.ch54.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical processes Design"

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Jo, Yeon-Pyeong, Dongjun Lee, and Sungwon Hwang. "Design and Analysis of Chemical Processes through Dynamic Simulation." In 2019 19th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/iccas47443.2019.8971454.

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Sorin, M., A. Hammache, and O. Diallo. "A Thermodynamic Approach for Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0859.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to develop a new thermodynamic approach for conceptual design of chemical processes. The approach is based on a concept of reducible superstructure and exergy load distribution analysis. It starts by building a specific reducible structure of the process flowsheet called the “competitive process” superstructure. A two-step exergy analysis is carried out on the superstructure to reduce it to a final optimal flowsheet topology. In the first step, only the design options with the highest impact on the utilizable exergy coefficient of the overall flowsheet is kept for subsequent analysis. In the next step, the distribution of exergy loads from the less efficient units to the more efficient ones makes it possible to relocate the units inside the flowsheet. The new approach was applied for the design of a gas separation section within a benzene synthesis chemical plant. It has been found that the overall exergy efficiency of the benzene synthesis is highest with the design option using a membrane for hydrogen recuperation and an absorber for benzene recuperation. The final step is the relocation of the absorber achieved through the application of the exergy load distribution analysis. Compared with the previous solutions obtained by the hierarchic and mathematical approaches, a new flowsheet for benzene synthesis has been proposed. It consumes the least amount of raw materials, such as hydrogen and toluene, and produces the least amount of discharged gas as waste.
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Patnaik, K. S. K. Rao, K. Sri Harsha, P. Vijay Kumar, and B. Satyanarayana. "Design studies on granulation processes in a fluidized bed." In 2010 International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ICCCE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccceng.2010.5560453.

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Martinek, Janna, Melinda Channel, Allan Lewandowski, and Alan W. Weimer. "Thermodynamic Considerations for the Design of Solar-Thermal Chemical Processes." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90376.

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The maximum efficiency of a solar reactor/receiver is limited not by the Carnot efficiency, but rather by the product of the Carnot efficiency and a factor involving both the enthalpy and entropy changes occurring as a result of the chemical reaction. This limiting efficiency can be greater than the Carnot efficiency when the entropy change is positive, and is a function of several parameters including the standard property changes of the reaction, inlet and outlet stream conditions, reactor temperature, conversion, and relative amounts of inert gas. By including this factor in the overall limitation on the reactor efficiency, both the optimal reactor temperature for a given concentration ratio, and the concentration ratio required to achieve a given temperature and efficiency can, in many cases, be found to shift to lower values.
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Waddell, Ewan, Des Gibson, Li Lin, and Xiuhua Fu. "Modelling and optimization of film thickness variation for plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition processes." In SPIE Optical Systems Design, edited by Michel Lequime, H. Angus Macleod, and Detlev Ristau. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.896696.

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Busnaina, Ahmed A., and Naim Moumen. "Slurry Residue Removal in Post Chemical Mechanical Polishing." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9049.

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Abstract The megasonic cleaning process proved to be an essential process in cleaning silicon wafers after processes such as pre-oxidation, pre-CVD, pre-EPI, post-ASH and lately post-CMP. Current post-CMP cleans are contact cleaning techniques. These contact techniques have a low throughput and may cause wafer scratching. In addition, in contact cleaning, brush shedding which occurs under many operating conditions causes additional particulate contamination. There is a need for an effective post-CMP cleaning process. Megasonic cleaning provides the best alternative or compliment to brush clean.
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Gandikota, M. S., Hari Narayanan, and J. Maroldt. "An integrated framework for intelligent computer aided design of chemical processes." In the third international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/98894.98933.

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Kusuma, Heri Septya, and Mahfud Mahfud. "Box-Behnken design for investigation of microwave-assisted extraction of patchouli oil." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938350.

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Fadzilah, R. Hanum, B. Arianto Sobhana, and M. Mahfud. "Central composite rotatable design for investigation of microwave-assisted extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale)." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938344.

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Nentwich, Corina, and Sebastian Engell. "Application of surrogate models for the optimization and design of chemical processes." In 2016 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2016.7727346.

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Reports on the topic "Chemical processes Design"

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Mojdeh Delshad, Gary A. Pope, and Kamy Sepehrnoori. A Framework to Design and Optimize Chemical Flooding Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896545.

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Mojdeh Delshad and Gary A. Pope Kamy Sepehrnoori. A Framework to Design and Optimize Chemical Flooding Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920369.

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Mojdeh Delshad, Gary A. Pope, and Kamy Sepehrnoori. A FRAMEWORK TO DESIGN AND OPTIMIZE CHEMICAL FLOODING PROCESSES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835937.

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Mojdeh Delshad, Gary A. Pope, and Kamy Sepehrnoori. A FRAMEWORK TO DESIGN AND OPTIMIZE CHEMICAL FLOODING PROCESSES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/843073.

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Lipton, Robert P. Characterization and Design of Electromagnetic, Chemical and Thermal Transport Processes for Multi-Phase Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399710.

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Passalacqua, Alberto, Robert Brown, Mark Mba-Wright, and Shankar Subramaniam. An Open-Source Framework for the Computational Analysis and Design of Autothermal Chemical Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1865565.

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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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8

Wolf, Eva. Chemikalienmanagement in der textilen Lieferkette. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627987.

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The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 set the goal of minimising the adverse impacts of chemicals and waste by 2020. This goal has not been achieved yet. Therefore, other approaches are needed to prevent, minimise, or replace harmful substances. One possible approach is this master thesis which deals with the challenges that the textile importer DELTEX is facing with regard to a transparent communication of chemicals used and contained in the product in its supply chain. DELTEX is bound by legal regulations and requirements of its customer and must ensure that there are no harmful substances in the garments. For each order, the customer requires a chemical inventory from DELTEX which contains the chemical substances and formulations used (so-called "order-wise chemical inventory"). Currently, the suppliers are not willing to pass this on to DELTEX. As a result, DELTEX is faced with the problem of having no knowledge of the materials used in the garments and is thus taking a high risk. The structure of this study is based on the transdisciplinary "delta analysis" of the Society for Institutional Analysis at the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt. This compares the target state with the actual state and derives a delta from the difference. Based on this, suitable design options are to be developed to close the delta. The study defines the target state on the basis of normative requirements and derives three criteria from this, which can be used to measure design options. By means of guideline-based interviews with experts, an online survey and literature research, it examines the current state. The analysis shows that the relevant actors are in an unfavourable incentive and barrier situation. The textile supply chain can be seen as a complex construct in which a whole series of production sites (often in developing and emerging countries where corruption and low environmental standards exist) carry out many processing steps. Chemicals are used at almost all stages of processing, some of which have harmful effects on people and the environment. At the same time, factory workers in the production countries are under enormous price and time pressure and often have insufficient know-how about chemical processes. DELTEX is dependent on its main customer and therefore has little room for price negotiations. To close this delta, the study formulates design options on macro, meso and micro levels and measures them against the developed criteria. None of the measures completely meets all the criteria, which is why a residual delta remains. The study concludes that not one, but rather a combination of several design options at all levels can achieve the target state. For DELTEX, an alliance with other textile importers, membership in the Fair Wear Foundation, strengthening the relationship with its suppliers and cooperation with another customer are recommended. Furthermore, the use of material data tools that support proactive reporting approaches such as a Full Material Declaration is recommended. The study is carried out from the perspective of the textile importer DELTEX. The results can therefore only be applied to the entire textile supply chain to a limited extent.
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9

Mark A. Eiteman. Process Design for the Biocatalysis of Value-Added Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide. US: University Of Georgia Research Foundation,Inc., July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899649.

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10

Mark A. Eiteman. Process Design for the Biocatalysis of Value-Added Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861206.

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