Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical process control

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical process control'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical process control"

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Braatz, Richard D., and Oscar D. Crisalle. "Chemical process control." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 17, no. 13 (2007): 1161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.1173.

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Norton, J. P. "Chemical process control-CPCIII." Chemical Engineering Science 43, no. 3 (1988): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(88)87034-9.

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Torng, Chau Chen, Chikong Huang, and Hsien Ming Chang. "Process control for aerospace chemical milling process." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 18, no. 3 (2009): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2009.026390.

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Sekher, Malik, Mohammed M'Saad, Mondher Farza, and O. Gehan. "Chemical process sliding mode control." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 5, no. 4 (2008): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2008.023510.

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Morari, M., and T. J. McAvoy. "Chemical process control-CPC III." Analytica Chimica Acta 199 (1987): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)82845-7.

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Asbjørnsen, Odd A., Takeichiro Takamatsu, George Stephanopoulos, Jim S. Anderson, Jens G. Balchen, and David M. Prett. "7.1 — Chemical Process Control Education." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20, no. 5 (July 1987): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)55542-1.

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Wurst, M. "Chemical process control—CPC III." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 22, no. 3 (November 1987): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0255-2701(87)80045-4.

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Koli, D. R., R. Wan Hsiang Liang, H. J. Kim, and R. Solan. "Advanced Process Control for Variability Control in Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process." ECS Transactions 72, no. 18 (October 11, 2016): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07218.0011ecst.

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Kotus, M., E. Jankajová, and M. Petrík. "Quality control of aluminium melt in production process." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, Special Issue (June 2, 2016): S43—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/28/2015-rae.

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The quality of aluminium alloy in the production process on the chemical composition basis was evaluated. The quality of casting alloy depends on the chemical composition of melt and on the technological process of production process. The basic elements such as Si, Cu, Fe, Mg and Al in melting were evaluated. The obtained data were compared with the guide data referred to in the standard for aluminium alloy.
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KUESPERT, D. R., and T. J. MCAVOY. "KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTION IN CHEMICAL PROCESS CONTROL." Chemical Engineering Communications 130, no. 1 (January 1994): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449408936279.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical process control"

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Wang, Chuangnan. "Ultrasonic technique for chemical process control." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24442.

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Ultrasound has found application in chemical processing control using both low power, high frequency monitoring techniques and high power, low frequency process enhancement approaches. In many cases, standard ultrasonic systems are retrofitted to a process and while these produce efficiency improvements, the design of bespoke systems may offer more potential. In particular, this Thesis has considered two techniques used in the biomedical field; harmonic imaging and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and has translated these into ultrasonic transducers for use in an industrial process control system. Traditional ultrasound monitoring techniques are based on operation in the linear domain and are used to monitor chemical processes by measurement of material acoustic velocity, attenuation or based on spectral analysis. Both active and passive methods have been reported for application in this industrial sector. One issue is the presence of multiple reflections in the received ultrasonic signal which can mask the signals of interest from the load medium. This Thesis has considered a new ultrasonic monitoring approach using a combination of both linear and nonlinear spectral components. This was applied to high-throughput products and a dual frequency transducer designed and fabricated to acquire the ultrasonic backscattered signals in both the fundamental and second harmonic frequency regimes. The additional information provided by the harmonic device enabled discrimination between shampoo and conditioner products with the same density, but different molecular weights. HIFU transducer array designs are then considered for high power, low frequency chemical process enhancement applications. Typical applications of high power ultrasound use single or multiple discrete transducers to insonify a process. These are effective, but inflexible in the delivery of the ultrasonic field. The application of a HIFU array would provide control of the high power focal region in the load medium, which offer advantages to industry. Two transducer array approaches have been considered in this Thesis based on piezoelectric composite configurations. Three HIFU arrays based on the 1-3 piezocomposite have been fabricated to operate between 200-400kHz and fully characterised to evaluate their high power performance. A second transducer configuration was based on a novel 2-2 piezocomposite with a 2 layer stacked configuration. Simulation of this transducer design illustrated its potential for high power applications, although a number of fabrication issues resulted in the manufactured array not operating at full capacity. Importantly, the transducer configurations developed in this Thesis are shown to induce cavitation through the standard aluminium foil test.
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Fien, Gert-Jan A. F. "Studies on process synthesis and process integration." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08032007-102242/.

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Papazoglou, Michael. "Multivariate statistical process control of chemical processes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/408.

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The thesis describes the application of Multivariate Statistical Process Control (MSPC) to chemical processes for the task of process performance monitoring and fault detection and diagnosis. The applications considered are based upon polymerisation systems. The first part of the work establishes the appropriateness of MSPC methodologies for application to modern industrial chemical processes. The statistical projection techniques of Principal Component Analysis and Projection to Latent Structures are considered to be suitable for analysing the multivariate data sets obtained from chemical processes and are coupled with methods and techniques for implementing MSPC. A comprehensive derivation of these techniques are presented. The second part introduces the procedures that require to be followed for the appropriate implementation of MSPC-based schemes for process monitoring, fault detection and diagnosis. Extensions of the available projection techniques that can handle specific types of chemical processes, such as those that exhibit non-linear characteristics or comprise many distinct units are also presented. Moreover, the novel technique of Inverse Projection to Latent Structures that extends the application of MSPC-based schemes to processes where minimal process data is available is introduced. Finally, the proposed techniques and methodologies are illustrated by applications to a batch and a continuous polymerisation process.
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Paulson, Joel Anthony. "Modern control methods for chemical process systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109672.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 301-322).
Strong trends in chemical engineering have led to increased complexity in plant design and operation, which has driven the demand for improved control techniques and methodologies. Improved control directly leads to smaller usage of resources, increased productivity, improved safety, and reduced pollution. Model predictive control (MPC) is the most advanced control technology widely practiced in industry. This technology, initially developed in the chemical engineering field in the 1970s, was a major advance over earlier multivariable control methods due to its ability to seamlessly handle constraints. However, limitations in industrial MPC technology spurred significant research over the past two to three decades in the search of increased capability. For these advancements to be widely implemented in industry, they must adequately address all of the issues associated with control design while meeting all of the control system requirements including: -- The controller must be insensitive to uncertainties including disturbances and unknown parameter values. -- The controlled system must perform well under input, actuator, and state constraints. -- The controller should be able to handle a large number of interacting variables efficiently as well as nonlinear process dynamics. -- The controlled system must be safe, reliable, and easy to maintain in the presence of system failures/faults. This thesis presents a framework for addressing these problems in a unified manner. Uncertainties and constraints are handled by extending current state-of-the-art MPC methods to handle probabilistic uncertainty descriptions for the unknown parameters and disturbances. Sensor and actuator failures (at the regulatory layer) are handled using a specific internal model control structure that allows for the regulatory control layer to perform optimally whenever one or more controllers is taken offline due to failures. Non-obvious faults, that may lead to catastrophic system failure if not detected early, are handled using a model-based active fault diagnosis method, which is also able to cope with constraints and uncertainties. These approaches are demonstrated on industrially relevant examples including crystallization and bioreactor processes.
by Joel Anthony Paulson.
Ph. D.
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Alici, Semra. "Dynamic data reconciliation using process simulation software and model identification tools." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3025133.

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Chokshi, Nirav N. "Holonic process control : a distributed, collaborative approach to the control of chemical process operations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615021.

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Mulder, Pieter. "Statistical process control of dynamic processes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289209.

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Zhu, Jianye. "Integrated process design and control of chemical processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/NQ34864.pdf.

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Rawlings, Blake. "Discrete Dynamics in Chemical Process Control and Automation." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/862.

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Formal verification has previously been applied to chemical plant control and automation systems to ensure that they operate as intended. This dissertation examines the related objective of proving that a particular control system does not operate as intended. To this end, we present a set of specifications that address certain aspects of the correct operation of a general control system. Some of those specifications, which relate to invariance and reachability of states that satisfy given logical constraints, do not fall within the classes of specifications that have been addressed in previous work related to the falsification of hybrid systems. For a specification from this class, a sound falsification algorithm is presented which can guarantee that a hybrid system does not meet the specification. The algorithm involves abstraction, as a finite-state discrete system, of the infinite-state hybrid dynamical system that arises when discrete control is applied to a continuous process. The falsification result relies on new results that we present which concern the supervisory control of discrete event systems subject to specifications that involve multiple reachability requirements. The methods we present are applied to two industrial case studies, which were provided by The Dow Chemical Company. We also present two software tools which apply the methods that we have developed. The first tool, SynthSMV, is an extension of the model checking solver NuSMV that can solve some supervisory control problems. NuSMV was chosen as the basis for our work in falsification because previous work has shown that its symbolic model checking algorithms can handle models of industrial-scale control systems in the context of verification. The second tool, st2smv, translates industrial control code to a formal model that can be solved using SynthSMV. The approach is similar to what has been done in previous work that focused on model checking and verification, with some extensions to enable the application of our work concerning supervisory control and falsification.
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Botha, Paul Jacobus. "Detecting change in complex process systems with phase space methods." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/508.

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Books on the topic "Chemical process control"

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Erickson, Kelvin T. Plantwide process control. New York: Wiley, 1999.

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Morari, Manfred. Robust process control. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1989.

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Prett, David M. Fundamental process control. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1988.

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Ray, W. Harmon. Advanced process control. Boston: Butterworths, 1989.

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R, Woods Donald. Process design and engineering practice. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: PTR Prentice Hall, 1994.

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Chidambaram, M. Nonlinear process control. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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Lee, P. L. Process control and management. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1998.

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A, Henson Michael, and Seborg Dale E, eds. Nonlinear process control. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall PTR, 1997.

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Houson, I. N. Process understanding: For scale-up and manufacture of active ingredients. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2011.

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Seborg, Dale E. Process dynamics and control. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical process control"

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Corriou, Jean-Pierre. "Dynamic Modelling of Chemical Processes." In Process Control, 3–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61143-3_1.

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Corriou, Jean-Pierre. "Dynamic Modelling of Chemical Processes." In Process Control, 3–64. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3848-8_1.

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Pyle, D. L., and C. A. Zaror. "Process control." In Chemical Engineering for the Food Industry, 250–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3864-6_7.

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Yeo, Yeong Koo. "Process Control." In Chemical Engineering Computation with MATLAB®, 631–75. Second edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, [2021]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003090601-09.

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Field, Robert W. "Process Control and Safety." In Chemical Engineering, 158–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09840-8_8.

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Moore, Robert L. "G2: Chemical Process Control." In ACS Symposium Series, 169–79. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1989-0408.ch013.

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Buschart, Richard J. "Process Control Safety." In Electrical and Instrumentation Safety for Chemical Processes, 159–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6620-1_8.

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Fischer, Dieter, Stefan Stieler, and Stephan Küppers. "Process Control in Chemical Manufacturing." In Handbook of Spectroscopy, 1343–62. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527654703.ch37.

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Golwalkar, Kiran R., and Rashmi Kumar. "Process Control and Instrumentation." In Practical Guidelines for the Chemical Industry, 167–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96581-5_8.

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Lee, Peter L. "The Development of a Nonlinear Adaptive Generic Model Controller for Chemical Reaction Quality Control." In Nonlinear Process Control, 151–75. London: Springer London, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2079-7_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical process control"

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"Chemical process control education and practice." In Proceedings of the 1999 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.1999.783185.

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Kmetova, Jana, Anna Vasickaninova, and Jan Dvoran. "Neuro-fuzzy control of exothermic chemical reactor." In 2013 International Conference on Process Control (PC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pc.2013.6581403.

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Dostal, Petr, Vladimir Bobal, Jiri Vojtesek, and Eva Kureckova. "Cascade control of a tubular chemical reactor." In 2015 20th International Conference on Process Control (PC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pc.2015.7169954.

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Fan, Zeng, Son T. Nguyen, Daniel Z. Y. Tng, Clarisse Sabrina Xue Ting Lim, Jingduo Feng, Stephanie Neo Chu Ping, and Hai M. Duong. "Simple but effective method of morphology control of graphene aerogels for energy applications." In Annual International Conference on Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Chemical Process. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-3761_ccecp.28.

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Yu, Wen, and Francisco J. Pineda. "Chemical process modeling with multiple neural networks." In 2001 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2001.7076515.

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Sekher, M., M. Farza, and M. M'Saad. "Chemical process high-gain state feedback controllers." In European Control Conference 2007 (ECC). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2007.7068963.

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Gao, Jiawen, and Jingwen Huang. "Data-Driven Backstepping Control of Chemical Process." In 2020 IEEE 9th Data Driven Control and Learning Systems Conference (DDCLS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ddcls49620.2020.9275044.

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Yamamoto, Toshiaki, and Chen-Lu Yang. "Plasma Chemical Hybrid Process for NOx Control." In International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982432.

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Unguresan, Mihaela-Ligia, Vlad Muresan, Mihail Abrudean, Iulia Clitan, Tiberiu Colosi, and Daniel Moga. "PID Control of a Chemical Absorption Process." In 2015 20th International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science (CSCS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscs.2015.119.

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Danilushkin, I. A., S. A. Kolpashchikov, and A. G. Mandra. "Time-Optimal Control of Chemical Neutralization Process." In 2019 International Russian Automation Conference. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rusautocon.2019.8867668.

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Reports on the topic "Chemical process control"

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Ramsey, J. M. Microfabricated Instrumentation for Chemical Sensing in Industrial Process Control. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940379.

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Brown, A. EXPLORING ENGINEERING CONTROL THROUGH PROCESS MANIPULATION OF RADIOACTIVE LIQUID WASTE TANK CHEMICAL CLEANING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1131477.

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McCown, Jay P., Ronald J. Unz, Charles A. Waggoner, John H. Ballard, Steven L. Larson, and Per Arienti. Development of a Scalable Process Control System for Chemical Soil Washing to Remove Uranyl Oxide. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618135.

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Tong, Andrew. Advanced Control Architecture and Sensor Information Development for Process Automation, Optimization, and Imaging of Chemical Looping Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1474439.

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Morkun, Volodymyr, Natalia Morkun, Andrii Pikilnyak, Serhii Semerikov, Oleksandra Serdiuk, and Irina Gaponenko. The Cyber-Physical System for Increasing the Efficiency of the Iron Ore Desliming Process. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4373.

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It is proposed to carry out the spatial effect of high-energy ultrasound dynamic effects with controlled characteristics on the solid phase particles of the ore pulp in the deslimer input product to increase the efficiency of thickening and desliming processes of iron ore beneficiation products. The above allows predicting the characteristics of particle gravitational sedimentation based on an assessment of the spatial dynamics of pulp solid- phase particles under the controlled action of high-energy ultrasound and fuzzy logical inference. The object of study is the assessment of the characteristics and the process of control the operations of thickening and deslaming of iron ore beneficiation products in the conditions of the technological line of the ore beneficiation plant. The subject of study is a cyber-physical system based on the use of high-energy ultrasound radiation pressure effects on iron-containing beneficiation products in the technological processes of thickening and desliming. The working hypothesis of the project is that there is a relationship between the physical-mechanical and chemical-mineralogical characteristics of the iron ore pulp solid- phase particles and their behavior in technological flows under the influence of controlled ultrasonic radiation, based on which the imitation modeling of the gravitational sedimentation process of the iron ore pulp solid-phase particles can be performed directly in the technological process. Also, the optimal control actions concerning the processes of thickening and desliming can be determined.
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Bruce, Berg, and Agrawald. L52304 Development of Criteria-Guidelines for Welding Onto In-Service Chemical Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010678.

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Welding onto in-service pipelines and piping systems allows cost-effective installation of branchconnections (hot taps) and repair sleeves. Beyond the normal in-service welding concerns ofburnthrough and hydrogen cracking, there are often additional concerns when welding ontopipelines and piping systems in chemical service. For example, some products can undergochemical changes when exposed to the heat from an in-service weld. In spite of these concerns,some companies routinely weld on lines in chemical and other potentially hazardous service,although limitations and special precautions are often specified. Examples include wallthickness limitations below which in-service welding is not permitted and the use of weldingprocedures that limit heat input. The objective of this project was to review the concerns forwelding on in-service pipelines in chemical service, the techniques that have been used in thepast to address these concerns, and to develop criteria that will allow this type of welding to becarried out safely. Criteria for in-service welding were developed for a wide range of chemicals that were identified as being of interest. The format for these criteria is similar to material safety data sheets (MSDSs). Many of the potential concerns that were identified can be controlled by limiting the inside surface temperature. Factors that affect inside surface temperature include: (1) pipe wall thickness, (2) the introduction of heat into the pipe wall by the welding process, and (3) the removal of heat by the contents. For many of the concerns that were identified, if protection from burnthrough using the inside surface temperature approach is practiced, protection from these other concerns is also accomplished. The ability to accurately control heat input levels is an important aspect of being able to weld safely onto in-service pipelines, particularly when inside surface temperature needs to be limited. Methods for controlling heat input levels in the field were reviewed and detailed guidance was developed. The benefits of using small-diameter electrodes (lower current levels), which allows the attachment of a hot tap fittings at relatively low heat input levels, were identified. Techniques to address other concerns that are not inside surface temperature related were also identified.
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Frederick, W. J. Jr, A. W. Rudie, G. W. Schmidl, S. A. Sinquefield, G. L. Rorrer, M. L. Laver, W. Yantasee, and D. Ming. Control of the Accumulation of Non-Process Elements in Pulp Mills with Bleach Filtrate Reuse: A Chemical Equilibrium Approach to Predicting the Partitioning of Metals in Pulp Mill and Bleach Plant Streams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769184.

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Perl, Avichai, Bruce I. Reisch, and Ofra Lotan. Transgenic Endochitinase Producing Grapevine for the Improvement of Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Uncinula necator). United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568766.bard.

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The original objectives are listed below: 1. Design vectors for constitutive expression of endochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum strain P1. Design vectors with signal peptides to target gene expression. 2. Extend transformation/regeneration technology to other cultivars of importance in the U.S. and Israel. 3. Transform cultivars with the endochitinase constructs developed as part of objective 1. A. Characterize foliar powdery mildew resistance in transgenic plants. Background of the topic Conventional breeding of grapevines is a slow and imprecise process. The long generation cycle, large space requirements and poor understanding of grapevine genetics prevent rapid progress. There remains great need to improve existing important cultivars without the loss of identity that follows from hybridization. Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) is the most important fungal pathogen of grapevines, causing economic losses around the world. Genetic control of powdery mildew would reduce the requirement for chemical or cultural control of the disease. Yet, since the trait is under polygenic control, it is difficult to manipulate through hybridization and breeding. Also, because grapevines are heterozygous and vegetatively propagated cultivar identity is lost in the breeding process. Therefore, there is great need for techniques to produce transgenic versions of established cultivars with heterologous genes conferring disease resistance. Such a gene is now available for control of powdery mildew of grapevines. The protein coded by the Endochitinase gene, derived from Trichoderma harzianum, is very effective in suppressing U. necator growth. The goal of this proposal is to develop transgenic grapevines with this antifungal gene, and to test the effect of this gene on resistance to powdery mildew. Conclusions, achievements and implications Gene transfer technology for grape was developed using commercial cultivars for both wine and table grapes. It paved the way for a new tool in grapevine genetic studies enabling the alteration of specific important traits while maintaining the essential features of existing elite cultivars. Regeneration and transformation technologies were developed and are currently at an advanced stage for USA wine and Israeli seedless cultivars, representing the cutting edge of grape genetic engineering studies worldwide. Transgenic plants produced are tested for powdery mildew resistance in greenhouse and field experiments at both locations. It is our ultimate goal to develop transgenic grapes which will be more efficient and economical for growers to produce, while also providing consumers with familiar products grown with reduced chemical inputs.
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9

Yunovich and Thompson. L51886 Performance of Magnesium Anodes. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010391.

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Magnesium anodes are provided to the corrosion control industry by a number of domestic and international manufacturers and distributors. Due to the difficulty and time involved in performance testing, anode composition is commonly the only criterion used for quality control by the end users. However, experience has shown that compliance of the anode chemical composition with the ASTM B843 Standard Specification for Magnesium Alloy Anodes for Cathodic Protection can be misleading and does not always differentiate between the anodes of different quality. Thousands of magnesium anodes are produced annually and provided by a number of suppliers to the corrosion control industry. Though the composition of the anodes from the various sources is comparable, the performance of the magnesium anodes is often radically different. Many of these materials have been shown to meet the compositional and potential specifications, and yet have had measured efficiencies as low as 7%. The objectives of this project were: (1) to develop quality and performance standards determined by laboratory tests and field exposures. The project included testing a variety of anodes submitted by the manufacturers/distributors and the end users, representing all spectrum of the ASTM G97 Standard Test Method-based efficiency values; the anodes were characterized with respect to the Anode source, manufacturing process, macrostructure, chemical composition, anode type (standard/H-1 family /AZ63 family versus high-potential), and microstructure. Other investigations comprised assessment of the ASTM G97 Standard Test Method parameters that were most likely to make the most significant impact on the resulting anode efficiency values, e.g., testing environment (standard testing solution and saturated backfill), and current density (the low 1/10th of the standard'), the ASTM G97 standard, and the high (10X standard) values). Testing in saturated backfill was used for a comparison between the laboratory- and the field-based efficiencies.
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10

Sartain, Bradley, Kurt Getsinger, Damian Walter, John Madsen, and Shayne Levoy. Flowering rush control in hydrodynamic systems : part 1 : water exchange processes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45425.

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In 2018, field trials evaluated water-exchange processes using rhodamine WT dye to provide guidance on the effective management of flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus L.) at McNary Dam and Reservoir (Wallula Lake, 15,700 ha). Additional evaluations determined the effectiveness of BubbleTubing (hereafter referred to as bubble curtain) at reducing water exchange within potential flowering rush treatment areas. Dye readings were collected from multiple sampling points at specific time intervals until a dye half-life could be determined. Whole-plot dye half-lives at sites without bubble curtain ranged 0.56–6.7 h. In slower water-exchange sites (≥2.6 h dye half-life), the herbicide diquat should have a sufficient contact time to significantly reduce flowering rush aboveground biomass. Other sites demonstrated very rapid water exchange (<1.5 h dye half-life), likely too rapid to effectively control flowering rush using chemical treatments without the use of a barrier or curtain to slow water exchange. At one site, the use of the bubble curtain increased the dye half-life from 3.8 h with no curtain to 7.6 and 7.1 h with a bubble curtain. The bubble curtain’s ability to slow water exchange will provide improved chemical control and in-crease the potential for other chemical products to be effectively used.
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