Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical lability

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical lability'

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Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical lability"

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Frišták, Vladimír, Martin Pipíška, Tatiana Gablovičová, and Juraj Lesný. "Application of Isotopic Dilution and Single-Step Extractions for Labile Soil Zinc Determination." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nbec-2013-0005.

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Abstract Concentration of available zinc from soils is the primary concern in assessment of its toxicity or essentiality for plants. This study evaluates the changes in chemical extractable Zn from three Slovak typical soils with simultaneous extractions as tools of zinc bioavailability. We found out that extractability of binding zinc decreased in order Na2EDTA, Mehlich 3, Mehlich 2, NH4NO3 and CaCl2 for all soil samples. Using flow-through stripping chronopotentiometry (SCP) and atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) we found out that maximum of soil zinc was removed by organic ligands. Lability of Zn determined by isotopic dilution method using 65Zn and γ-spectrometry showed the significant decrease of isotopic exchangeable zinc fraction (E-value) with decrease of soil reaction. Obtained E-values of uppermost soil horizons showed the zinc lability ranged from 20 to 39%. Our research confirmed the effect of soil reaction, composition and physico-chemical characteristics to Zn lability. For further assessment of zinc bioavailability is needed to find the correlation and effects of structural changes and aging in studied soils
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Morris, Russell E., and Lee Brammer. "Coordination change, lability and hemilability in metal–organic frameworks." Chemical Society Reviews 46, no. 17 (2017): 5444–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00187h.

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Deformation or cleavage/reformation of metal–ligand bonds in MOFs lies at the heart of chemical/thermal stability and dynamic/flexible behaviour, provides avenues for post-synthetic modification, and can enable novel or improved performance for a variety of applications.
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Town, Raewyn M., and Herman P. van Leeuwen. "Dynamic Speciation Analysis of Heterogeneous Metal Complexes with Natural Ligands by Stripping Chronopotentiometry at Scanned Deposition Potential (SSCP)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 10 (2004): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch04088.

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Stripping chronopotentiometry at scanned deposition potential (SSCP) allows chemical heterogeneity in metal speciation to be unambiguously identified. In the labile regime, use of the Freundlich binding isotherm allows straightforward determination of parameters to describe the apparent stability and heterogeneity of metal complexes with humic substances. The extent of heterogeneity of metal binding by several humic substances follows the order Cu(ii) >> Pb(ii) > Cd(ii). The lability of metal complexes decreases from the foot to the top of the wave, and the greater the degree of heterogeneity, the more readily lability is lost. In the kinetic current regime, the Koutecký–Koryta approximation allows an expression to be obtained for the SSCP wave that provides a good estimate of the experimental data for metal complexes with moderate degrees of heterogeneity.
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van Leeuwen, Herman P., and José-Paulo Pinheiro. "Lability criteria for metal complexes in micro-electrode voltammetry." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 471, no. 1 (September 1999): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00249-1.

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Puy, Jaume, Joan Cecilia, Josep Galceran, Raewyn M. Town, and Herman P. van Leeuwen. "Voltammetric lability of multiligand complexes: the case of ML2." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 571, no. 2 (October 2004): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.04.017.

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Salvador, José, Jaume Puy, Joan Cecília, and Josep Galceran. "Lability of complexes in steady-state finite planar diffusion." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 588, no. 2 (March 2006): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.01.005.

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Hensgens, Geert, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, François Guillemette, Hjalmar Laudon, and Martin Berggren. "Impacts of litter decay on organic leachate composition and reactivity." Biogeochemistry 154, no. 1 (May 2021): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00799-3.

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AbstractLitter decomposition produces labile and recalcitrant forms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that significantly affect soil carbon (C) sequestration. Chemical analysis of this DOM can provide important knowledge for understanding soil DOM dynamics, but detailed molecular analyses on litter derived DOM are scarce. Here we use ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to characterize the molecular composition of DOM from fresh and progressively decomposed litter samples. We compared high reactive (HR) and low reactive (LR) litter sources with regard to changes in the chemistry and bioavailability of leachates throughout the early phase of litter decay. We show that litter reactivity is a driver of chemical changes in the leached DOM of litter species. Birch, alder and Vaccinium (i.e. HR) litter initially produced more DOM with a higher lability than that of spruce, pine and wood (i.e. LR) litter. Labile oxidized phenolic compounds were abundant in leachates produced during the initial HR litter decay stages, indicating litter lignin degradation. However, the similarity in chemistry between HR and LR leachates increased during the litter decay process as highly leachable structures in HR litter were depleted. In contrast, chemistry of leachates from LR litter changed little during the litter decay process. The oxygenated phenolic compounds from HR litter were driving the lability of HR leachates and the changes in relative abundance of molecules during DOM incubation. This appeared to result in the creation of stable aliphatic secondary microbial compounds. In LR leachates, lability was driven by labile aliphatic compounds, while more resistant phenolic compounds were associated with recalcitrance. These results show how DOM dynamics follow different paths depending on litter reactivity, which has important implications for soil biogeochemistry and C sequestration.
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Schwab, A. P., K. Lewis, and M. K. Banks. "Biosolids-Amended Soils: Part II. Chemical Lability as a Measure of Contaminant Bioaccessability." Water Environment Research 78, no. 11 (November 2006): 2231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143005x73082.

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Nolan, Annette L., Enzo Lombi, and Mike J. McLaughlin. "Metal Bioaccumulation and Toxicity in Soils—Why Bother with Speciation?" Australian Journal of Chemistry 56, no. 3 (2003): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02226.

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This review assesses metal speciation in soils, including analytical techniques used for measurement and the advantages and disadvantages of using chemical speciation information, in both the solid and aqueous phase, to predict adverse effects of metal contamination in soils and for use in soil protection policies. Other techniques used to assess metal lability and bioavailability in soil are also discussed.
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Stubbins, A., J. Niggemann, and T. Dittmar. "Photo-lability of deep ocean dissolved black carbon." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2012): 485–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-485-2012.

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Abstract. Dissolved black carbon (DBC), defined here as condensed aromatics isolated from seawater via PPL solid phase extraction and quantified as benzene polycarboxylic acid oxidation products, is a significant component of the oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. These condensed aromatics are widely distributed in the open ocean and appear to be tens of thousands of years old. As such DBC is regarded as highly refractory. In the current study, the photo-lability of DBC, DOC and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM; ultraviolet-visible absorbance) were determined over the course of a 28 d irradiation of North Atlantic Deep Water under a solar simulator. During the irradiation DBC fell from 1044 ± 164 nM C to 55 ± 15 nM C, a 20-fold decrease in concentration. Dissolved black carbon photo-degradation was more rapid and more extensive than for bulk CDOM and DOC. Further, the photo-lability of components of the DBC pool increased with their degree of aromatic condensation. These trends indicate that a continuum of compounds of varying photo-lability exists within the marine DOC pool. In this continuum, photo-lability scales with aromatic character, specifically the degree of condensation. Scaling the rapid photo-degradation of DBC to rates of DOC photo-mineralisation for the global ocean leads to an estimated photo-chemical half-life for oceanic DBC of less than 800 yr. This is more than an order of magnitude shorter than the apparent age of DBC in the ocean. Photo-degradation is therefore posited as the primary sink for oceanic DBC and the survival of DBC molecules in the oceans for millennia appears to be facilitated not by their inherent inertness but by the rate at which they are cycled through the surface ocean's photic zone.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical lability"

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AUBERGER, LUDOVIC CHRISTIAN. "Synthesis of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A carba analogues as hydrolytically stable antigens for antimeningococcal glycoconjugate vaccines." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/687105.

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Synthesis of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A carba analogues as hydrolytically stable antigens for antimeningococcal glycoconjugate vaccines Ludovic Auberger, Jacopo Enotarpi, Jeroen Codeé, Roberto Adamo, Laura Polito, Luigi Lay The Gram-negative encapsulated bacterium Neisseria meningitidis type A (MenA) is a major cause of meningitis in developing countries, especially in the sub-Saharan region of Africa [1]. The development and manufacture of an efficient glycoconjugate vaccine against MenA is largely hampered by the poor stability in water of the natural capsular polysaccharide (CPS)[2], composed of (1→6)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-mannopyranosyl phosphate repeating units, with acetyl substituents. As a consequence, most of MenA glycoconjugates currently available have been licensed as lyophilisates. The availability of MenA polysaccharide mimics resistant to hydrolysis, however, is highly attractive for the development of a more stable glycoconjugate vaccine in liquid formulation. To this end, we envisaged that the replacement of the endocyclic ring oxygen with a methylene group to get a carbocyclic analogue will lead to the loss of the acetalic character of the phosphodiester and consequently to the enhancement of its chemical stability [3], [4]. Furthermore, the 3-O-acetylation aims to strengthen the immunological profile of our neo-glycoconjugates, structurally designed even closer to the natural CPS MenA oligomer, partially acetylated at the position 3-OH with a rate of 75-95% [5]. Thus, we describe our synthetic approaches to 3-O-acetylated phosphodiester-linked carba oligomers of N-acetyl mannosamine (the repeating unit of MenA CPS, containing up to 8 repeating units. The increased stability of the synthetic carba oligomers was first confirmed by an accelerated stability study, then selected fragments were conjugated to CRM197 (a diphtheria toxin mutant) as a protein carrier. Finally, the immunological profile of the resulting neo-glycoconjugates will be carefully investigated, with the purpose to highlight the effect of the carbohydrate chain length and of the 3-O-acetylation on the immunoactivity [6]. [1] Tan L. K. K.; Carlone G. M.; Borrow R. Advances in the development of vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010, 362, 1511-1520. [2] Frasch, C. E. Production and control of Neisseria meningitidis vaccines. Adv. Biotechnol. Processes 1990, 13, 123-145. [3] Gao, Q.; Zaccaria, C.; Tontini, M.; Poletti, L.; Costantino, P.; Lay, L. Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of carba analogues from Neisseria meningitidis A capsular polysaccharide. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2012, 10, 6673-6681. [4] Gao Q.; Tontini M.; Brogioni G.; Nilo A.; Filippini S.; Harfouche C.; Polito L.; Romano M. R.; Costantino P.; Berti F.; Adamo R.; Lay L. ACS Chem. Biol. 2013, 8, 2561-2567. [5] Berry DS.; Lynn F.; Lee C-H.; Frasch CE.; Bash MC. Effect of O-Acetylation of Neisseria Meningitis serogroup A capsular polysaccharide on development of functional immune responses, Infection and Immunity, 2002, 70(7), 3707-3713. [6] This project has received funding from the H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015 “Glycovax” under grant agreement No 675671.
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Leriche, Geoffray. "Etude de fonctions chimiques clivables en milieux biologiques et leurs applications en protéomique chimique et imagerie de fluorescence." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945942.

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Cette étude a consisté au développement et à l'utilisation de fonctions chimiques clivables en milieux biologiques. Dans le domaine de la protéomique chimique, ce travail a abouti à la conception d'une sonde d'enrichissement clivable en conditions non-dénaturantes. Appliquée à l'étude de topoisomérases, cette sonde a permis l'extraction et l'analyse de complexes fonctionnels A2B2 de gyrase. Dans un second temps, un nouveau concept de quencheur chimiquement désactivable a étéintroduit. Incorporé dans une sonde pro-fluorescente de type FRET, ce type de quencheur permet notamment de visualiser la présence de sondes non-activées dans des cellules. Enfin, une méthode a été développée pour permettre l'évaluation de la labilité d'une liaison chimique en milieux biologiques natifs. Basée sur l'utilisation de sondes pro-fluorescentes, cette méthodologie a plus particulièrement été appliquée à l'étude de la bio-labilité de groupements acido-labiles.
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Books on the topic "Chemical lability"

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Cavanna, Andrea E. Levetiracetam, piracetam, and brivaracetam. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791577.003.0008.

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Levetiracetam is a third-generation antiepileptic drug characterized by a wide range of antiepileptic indications, with a very good interaction profile in polytherapy. Levetiracetam has an acceptable behavioural tolerability profile, but limited potential for psychiatric uses. Behavioural adverse events (irritability and emotional lability) are often reported by patients with epilepsy taking levetiracetam; psychotic symptoms and episodes of severe aggression have occasionally been reported. Initial reports suggesting a possible role for levetiracetam in the treatment of bipolar depression and anxiety disorders have not been confirmed by the findings of controlled trials. Two other pyrrolidone derivatives chemically related to levetiracetam, the nootropic drug piracetam and the third-generation antiepileptic drug brivaracetam, do not have psychiatric uses.
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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical lability"

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He, Zhongqi, Irenus A. Tazisong, and Zachary N. Senwo. "Forms and Lability of Phosphorus in Humic and Fulvic Acids." In Labile Organic Matter-Chemical Compositions, Function, and Significance in Soil and the Environment, 61–77. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub62.2014.0035.

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Mellor, Sarah L., and Donald A. Wellings. "Synthesis of modified peptides." In Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637256.003.0010.

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Several important hormones such as oxytocin, secretin, and LHRH are known to be peptidyl amides. In addition to these, other peptidyl amides such as indolicidin and the protegrins have been shown to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. The in vivo production of such compounds is via endogenous enzymatic cleavage of propeptides, making their synthesis by genetic engineering notoriously difficult. Furthermore, to facilitate the survival of synthetic peptidyl amides in vivo, an obvious defence against the action of carboxypeptidases is the N-alkylation of the carboxylic amide terminus. Such secondary amides would be expected to exhibit vastly different solubility and transport properties to primary amides, thus their chemical synthesis is of immense importance. The solid phase synthesis of peptidyl amides and peptidyl N-alkyl amides is centred around two main strategies: 1. Ammonolysis/aminolysis of resin-bound esters. 2. Use of resin-bound primary amines, which may in turn be chemically modified to generate novel secondary amine functionalized linkers for the synthesis of peptidyl N-alkyl amides. Early examples of the use of resin-bound amines for the solid synthesis of peptidyl amides involve the use of linkers such as benzhydrylamine or benzylamine. Following peptide assembly, these linkers require highly acidic (e.g. HF) mediated cleavage, and hence simultaneous removal of acid-labile sidechain protection groups occurs and may cause problems. Systematic modifications of these linker-resins by substitution with electron-donating substituents have resulted in the generation of numerous linker-resins with increased acid sensitivity. Notably, the 4-(2',4'-dimethoxyphenylaminomethyl) phenoxy derivatized (Rink) resin 1, which is cleavable by 95% v/v TFA, and the 5-(2-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylaminornethyl-3,5-dimethoxy)- phenoxyvaleric acid (PAL) linker 2 acidolysed by 75% v/v TFA. Greater acid lability has been achieved using the xanthenyl derivatized resin, 9-(fluorenylmethoxycarbonylamino)xanthen-3-yloxymethyl polystyrene (Sieber amide) resin 3, which besides being cleavable by 1% v/v TFA, holds the added advantage of readily undergoing reductive N-alkylation to afford resin-bound secondary amines for the synthesis of peptidyl N-alkyl amides. In addition to the method detailed below, a number of alternative approaches have recently been reported.
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