Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical engineering, n.e.c

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical engineering, n.e.c'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Chemical engineering, n.e.c.'

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical engineering, n.e.c"

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Lee, Dong-Hwan, and Soon-Heum Park. "Nickel Complexes Having (N-C-N) Tridentate Ligands." Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 51, no. 6 (December 20, 2007): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2007.51.6.499.

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Takahashi, Toshiyuki, Takeshi Saito, Masaki Kobayashi, and Koji Hayashi. "Effects of N/(C+N) Atomic Ratio and Amount of Ti(C,N) on Chemical Reaction of Al2O3-Ti(C,N) Ceramics with Ni Plate." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 47, no. 5 (2000): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.47.534.

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JACOBS, MADELEINE. "in·sight\'in-, sit\ n (13 c)." Chemical & Engineering News 74, no. 9 (February 26, 1996): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n009.p005.

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Gierszewski, Bettina, and Sascha Hupach. "N und C simultan analysieren." Nachrichten aus der Chemie 57, no. 3 (March 2009): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.200963633.

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Ohtani, H., and M. Hillert. "Calculation of VCN and TiCN phase diagrams." Calphad 17, no. 1 (January 1993): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916(93)90037-c.

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Arias, Alejandro, Sara Gómez, Natalia Rojas-Valencia, Francisco Núñez-Zarur, Chiara Cappelli, Juliana A. Murillo-López, and Albeiro Restrepo. "Formation and evolution of C–C, C–O, CO and C–N bonds in chemical reactions of prebiotic interest." RSC Advances 12, no. 44 (2022): 28804–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra06000k.

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Sun, Yu-Wang, Hai-Yan Wang, and Yi-Hong Ding. "Predicting viable isomers of [X,C,N] and [H,X,C,N] (X = Sn, Pb)." RSC Advances 9, no. 69 (2019): 40772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08943h.

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Eisenberger, Patrick, and Laurel L. Schafer. "Catalytic synthesis of amines and N-containing heterocycles: Amidate complexes for selective C–N and C–C bond-forming reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 7 (May 31, 2010): 1503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-11-27.

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The direct, 100 % atom-economic, and selective synthesis of amines is a challenging task that can be achieved, making use of early transition-metal catalysts. Here we report the synthesis and application of group 4 and 5 high-oxidation-state metal amidate complexes in catalytic C–N (hydroamination) and C–C (hydroaminoalkylation) bond-forming reactions to access substituted amines.
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JACOBY, MITCH. "Palladium helps make C-N bonds in nucleosides." Chemical & Engineering News 77, no. 25 (June 21, 1999): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v077n025.p012.

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Garsuch, Arnd, Ruizhi Yang, Arman Bonakdarpour, and J. R. Dahn. "The effect of boron doping into Co-C-N and Fe-C-N electrocatalysts on the oxygen reduction reaction." Electrochimica Acta 53, no. 5 (January 2008): 2423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.10.014.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical engineering, n.e.c"

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McAvoy, Camille Z. "Palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions toward the synthesis of drug-like molecules." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73388.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry; and, (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
The development of methodologies for C-N bond formation reactions is an important scientific challenge because of many academic and industrial applications. This work will focus particularly on palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings of amine-containing compounds with aryl halides. The scope of the BrettPhos precatalyst for the cross-coupling of ortho-substituted aryl iodides with amides is studied using substrates with a variety of functional groups. Due to potential metal-chelating issues with some of the substrates used in this study, a proposed ligand synthesis is discussed in which one of the methoxy groups of BrettPhos is replaced with a morpholine capable of occupying palladium's open coordination site during its catalytic cycle. A final C-N bond formation study focuses on the cross-coupling of aryl halides with amidine salts. For this cross-coupling, a methodology has been developed that can be applied to various electron-rich, electron-poor, and electron-neutral substrates. Furthermore, the products of this cross-coupling can be used for a subsequent electrocyclization through a reaction with aldehyde, demonstrating that a relatively simple two-pot methodology can be used to make relatively complex substrates with pharmaceutical applications. Both amides and amidines are common moieties in drug-like molecules because of the various biological activities of these functional groups. Potential medicinal applications of the developed cross-coupling of amidine salts with aryl halides methodology are described. Thus, methodologies for various palladium-catalyzed, C-N cross-couplings as well as a potential ligand synthesis to be used for palladium catalysis are herein discussed.
by Camille Z. McAvoy.
S.B.
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Bejarano, Roberto Villa. "An Investigation Into| I) Active Flow Control for Cold-Start Performance Enhancement of a Pump-Assisted, Capillary-Driven, Two-Phase Cooling Loop II) Surface Tension of n-Pentanol + Water, a Self-Rewetting Working Fluid, From 25 ?C to 85 ?C." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1565813.

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Cold-start performance enhancement of a pump-assisted, capillary-driven, two-phase cooling loop was attained using proportional integral and fuzzy logic controls to manage the boiling condition inside the evaporator. The surface tension of aqueous solutions of n-Pentanol, a self-rewetting fluid, was also investigated for enhancing heat transfer performance of capillary driven (passive) thermal devices was also studied. A proportional-integral control algorithm was used to regulate the boiling condition (from pool boiling to thin-film boiling) and backpressure in the evaporator during cold-start and low heat input conditions. Active flow control improved the thermal resistance at low heat inputs by 50% compared to the baseline (constant flow rate) case, while realizing a total pumping power savings of 56%. Temperature overshoot at start-up was mitigated combining fuzzy-logic with a proportional-integral controller. A constant evaporator surface temperature of 60°C with a variation of ±8°C during start-up was attained with evaporator thermal resistances as low as 0.10 cm2–K/W. The surface tension of aqueous solutions of n-Pentanol, a self-rewetting working fluid, as a function of concentration and temperature were also investigated. Self-rewetting working fluids are promising in two-phase heat transfer applications because they have the ability to passively drive additional working fluid towards the heated surface; thereby increasing the dryout limitations of the thermal device. Very little data is available in literature regarding the surface tension of these fluids due to the complexity involved in fluid handling, heating, and experimentation. Careful experiments were performed to investigate the surface tension of n-Pentanol + water. The concentration and temperature range investigated were from 0.25%wt. to1.8%wt and 25°C to 85°C, respectively.

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Kanuru, Vijaykumar. "Understanding surface mediated C-C and C-N bond forming reactions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608956.

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Porada, O. K., A. O. Kozak, V. I. Ivashchenko, S. M. Dub, Олександр Дмитрович Погребняк, Александр Дмитриевич Погребняк, and Oleksandr Dmytrovych Pohrebniak. "Hard Si-C-N Chemical Vapor Deposited Films." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42711.

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Si-C-N thin films were deposited on silicon substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using hexamethyldisilazane as the main precursor. An influence of substrate temperature (TS) on film properties was analyzed. It was established that the deposited films were x-ray amorphous. The growth of the films slows down with increasing substrate temperature. The distribution of Si–C, Si–N and C–N bonds were almost independent of TS, whereas the number of С–Н, Si–H and N–H bonds essentially decreased when substrate temperature increased. The nanohardness and elastic modulus increased with TS due to a reduction of the weak hydrogen bonds.
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Qian, Xin. "Cobalt-Catalyzed C-C and C-N Coupling reactions." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00943479.

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Ce travail de these a permis le déveloippement de nouvelles reactions de couplage catalysées par des sels de cobalt(II) Le premier chapitre décrit l'allylation cobalta catalysée d'halogénures d'alkyles. La méthode est facile à mettre en œuvre, efficace avec une grande variété d'halogénures d'alkyes et des acétates ou carbonates d'allyle substitués. Les rendements vont de bons à excellents et la tolérance fonctionnelle élevée. Dans le cas d'acétates d'allyle substitués le produit linéaire est obtenu majoritairement ou exclusivement. Quelques expériences ont permis de mettre en lumière la formation d'espèce radicalaire lors du cycle catalytique. Les premiers essais pour étendre cette méthodologie aux couplages allyle-allyle et alkyle-alkyle sont également décrits. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur l'amination catalysée au cobalt d'organozinciques fonctionnalisés en utilisant des N-chloroamines. La procédure est simple et générale et demande des conditions plus douces que celles précédemment décrite, tout en tolérant un très large éventail de substrats, avec une bonne tolérance à de nombreux groupes fonctionnels. Les premiers essais pour étendre la méthodologie à la réaction entre un organozincique et une source électrophile de soufre en vue de former des liaisons C-S sont également exposés. Enfin le dernier chapitre décrit la réaction d'organozinciques engendrés par catalyse au cobalt avec une source " verte " de cyanure électrophile, N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (NCTS), pour conduire avec de bons rendements aux arylnitriles correspondants. Des sources analogues de CN+ ont également été testées.
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Smith, Gordon Christopher. "Catalytic cracking of n-alkanes and n-alkylbenzenes over H-ZSM-5 zeolite." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12550.

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Gunnarsson, Sophie. "Optimisation of N release : influence of plant material chemical composition on C and N mineralisation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a381.pdf.

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Gooseman, Natalie. "The influence of the C-N⁺------F-C charge dipole interaction in fluoro organic chemistry /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/695.

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Lin, Xufeng. "Density functional theory studies of selected transition metals catalyzed C-C and C-N bond formation reactions." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39359645.

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Wang, Luo. "Excess enthalpies and excess volumes for n-butyl methyl ether + n-alkane systems at 298.15 K." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5686.

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Research on excess properties plays an important role in solution thermodynamics. The experimental excess properties of liquid mixtures provide essential information for testing and developing solution theories. They also provide the data required for process design in chemical and petroleum industries. In addition excess properties are useful for testing thermodynamic consistency for vapor-liquid equilibrium data. Both excess enthalpies $H\sp{E}$ and excess volume $V\sp{E}$ were determined in this study for six binary systems consisting of n-butyl methyl ether and an n-alkane at 208.15 K. Flory theory with an interaction parameter, which was found to be a quadratic function of the carbon number of the n-alkane molecules, was used to correlate the experimental $H\sp{E}$ data and then to predict $V\sp{E}$ values which were subsequently compared with the experimental $V\sp{E}$ data.
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Books on the topic "Chemical engineering, n.e.c"

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Jr, Raul Raymond Kapuno. Programming for Chemical Engineers: Using C, C++, and MATLAB. MA, USA: Infinity Science Press, 2008.

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Kapuno, Raul Raymond. Programming for chemical engineers: Using C, C++, and MATLAB®. Hingham, MA: Infinity Science Press, 2008.

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1961-, Lobo Colin L., and ASTM International, eds. User's guide to ASTM specification C 94 on ready-mixed concrete. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2005.

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1912-, Grigull Ulrich, Straub J, and Schiebener Peter, eds. Steam tables in SI-units: Concise steam tables in SI-units (student's tables) properties of ordinary water substance up to 1000⁰C and 100 Megapascal = Wasserdampftafeln : Kurzgefasste Dampftafeln in SI-Einheiten (Studententafeln) Zustandgrössen von gewöhnlichen Wasser und Dampf bis 1000⁰C und 1000 bar. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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D, Gajski Daniel, ed. SpecC: Specification language and methodology. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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Surface Engineering of C/N/O Functionalized Materials. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-2704-8.

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Shī Wan Kagaku Gijutsu Kenkyū Kumiai., ed. Progress in C₁ chemistry in Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1989.

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Jr, Kapuno Raul Raymond. Developing Computer Programs for Chemical Engineers (Using C/C++). Lulu Press, Inc., 2007.

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Etter, D. M. Engineering Problem Solving With A N S I C. Institute of Electrical & Electronics Enginee, 1995.

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Chenoweth, David. Chemical Tools for Imaging, Manipulating, and Tracking Biological Systems Part C. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical engineering, n.e.c"

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Lai, Zhong Hong, Jae Ho Jeon, Jing Chuan Zhu, and Zhong Da Yin. "Mo-Si-C-N Multi-Layer Anti-Oxidation Coating on C/C Composites." In Key Engineering Materials, 1899–902. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.1899.

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Pradeep, H. N., and Chetan A. Nayak. "Microencapsulation of C-Phycocyanin by Microfludics." In Recent Advances in Chemical Engineering, 89–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1633-2_11.

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Jang, Chul Sik, Young Rae Cho, Myung Chang Kang, Won Sub Chung, and Kwang Ho Kim. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cr-C-N, Cr-Si-N and Cr-Si-C-N Coatings by a Hybrid Coating System." In Key Engineering Materials, 2224–27. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.2224.

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Fosbury, R. A. E., J. Vernet, M. Villar-Martín, M. H. Cohen, A. Cimatti, and S. di Serego Alighieri. "The N V/C IV Ratio in High Redshift Radio Galaxies." In Chemical Evolution from Zero to High Redshift, 227–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48360-1_51.

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Liu, Wen Jun, Yong Zheng, and Wei Hao Xiong. "Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Composite Ti(C,N)-Based Cermets." In Key Engineering Materials, 1214–17. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.1214.

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Yang, Zhi Hua, Yu Zhou, De Chang Jia, Chang Qing Yu, Qing Chang Meng, and Jia Hu Ouyang. "Preparation of Amorphous Si-B-C-N Powders and Nano-Sized Ceramics." In Key Engineering Materials, 1218–20. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.1218.

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Bottenheim, Jan W., and Leonard A. Barrie. "Chemical Reactions in the Polar Troposhere Relevant to C, S, and N Compounds." In Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, 201–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61171-1_9.

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Li, Gang. "Stereoselective peptide modification through 8-aminoquinoline controlled β‑C(sp3)‑H arylation at the C-terminal dipeptide." In Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering Volume 2, 289–93. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003363545-38.

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Flinders, R. Marc, Darin Ray, Angela Anderson, and Raymond A. Cutler. "Microstructural Engineering of the Si-C-Al-O-N System." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 63–78. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118408100.ch6.

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Vignoles, G. L., J. Lachaud, Y. Aspa, and M. Quintard. "Effective Surface Recession Laws for the Physico-Chemical Ablation of C/C Composite Materials." In Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites V, 351–60. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470944127.ch33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical engineering, n.e.c"

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Riadi, Lieke, Yuana Elly Agustin, Leony Dita Kusuma, Paulina Filiana Sutrisno, and Titie Prapti Utami. "Reutealis trisperma press cake induced production of xylanase by Trichoderma reesei: Effect of C/N ratio and initial pH." In THE 11TH REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (RCChE 2018). Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5094992.

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Ren, Weiju, Govindarajan Muralidharan, Dane F. Wilson, and David E. Holcomb. "Considerations of Alloy N for Fluoride Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor Applications." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57029.

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Fluoride Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactors (FHRs) are a promising new class of thermal-spectrum nuclear reactors. The reactor structural materials must possess high-temperature strength and chemical compatibility with the liquid fluoride salt as well as with a power cycle fluid such as supercritical water while remaining resistant to residual air within the containment. Alloy N was developed for use with liquid fluoride salts and it possesses adequate strength and chemical compatibility up to about 700°C. A distinctive property of FHRs is that their maximum allowable coolant temperature is restricted by their structural alloy maximum service temperature. As the reactor thermal efficiency directly increases with the maximum coolant temperature, higher temperature resistant alloys are strongly desired. This paper reviews the current status of Alloy N and its relevance to FHRs including its design principles, development history, high temperature strength, environmental resistance, metallurgical stability, component manufacturability, ASME codification status, and reactor service requirements. The review will identify issues and provide guidance for improving the alloy properties or implementing engineering solutions.
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Aucott, Lee, Shuwen Wen, and Hongbiao Dong. "On the Relationship of Microstructure, Toughness, and Hardness Properties in a Submerged Arc Welded API-5L Grade X65 Pipeline Steel Section." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23858.

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In order to further improve welded pipeline performance, a detailed knowledge of the key and interlinking relationships between the chemistry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld joint is needed. In this paper, the results of optical emission spectroscopy analysis on the as welded chemical properties of a submerged arc welded API-5L grade X65 linepipe are first presented. The microstructure of the various weld regions is then assessed against the results of the chemical analysis using a series of microscopy techniques. A fine grained ferrite-degenerate pearlite microstructure was observed within the base metal of the linepipe along with large (1.5 μm) cuboidal Ti (C, N) precipitates. Within the heat affected zone (HAZ) close to the molten weld joint, grain growth occurred with small volume fractions of induced upper bainite present within the microstructure. The fusion zone of the submerged arc weld joint consists of predominantly acicular ferrite with a small volume of grain boundary phases and a high number of large (0.8 μm) spherical Ti (C, N) precipitates. The results of Vickers hardness tests carried out at two length scales (macro + micro) show clear relations between the hardening effects of the cementite enriched degenerate pearlite and induced upper bainite phases within the base metal and HAZ respectively. Fractography analysis of Charpy impact test samples across the submerged arc welded joint found that the large Ti (C, N) precipitates within the fusion zone appear to be acting as microvoid initiation sites for the ductile fracture and as such contributing to the relatively low toughness properties within the fusion zone. Finally, the potential benefits of reducing the Ti content in both the welding wires and X65 base metal for further improvement of the mechanical properties of the linepipe weld joint are discussed in regards to reducing the size of the coarse Ti (C, N) precipitates within the base metal, HAZ and fusion zone.
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Shi, Shaoping, William A. Rogers, David A. Berry, Dushyant Shekhawat, Todd H. Gardner, and Graham Goldin. "Numerical Simulation of Partial Oxidization Processing of Diesel for Fuel Cells." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45141.

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The application of a reduced, fuel-rich chemistry mechanism for n-Heptane partial oxidation was valid over the temperature range from 900 K to 1200 K and at the O/C ratio of 1.57. In this work, n-Heptane was utilized as a single fuel representative for diesel fuel to quantify CFD – Chemistry interation. The turbulence-reaction model is one of the standard combustion models developed in FLUENT, a commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) software package. In this model, n-Heptane reduced chemistry mechanisms were coupled with the multi-dimensional CFD solver. The interaction between the chemical reactions and turbulence has been considered. In this paper, some preliminary results are presented and comparisons between the experiments and the simulations are made.
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Niemann, Michael U., Sesha S. Srinivasan, Ashok Kumar, Elias K. Stefanakos, D. Yogi Goswami, and Kimberly McGrath. "Processing Analysis of the Ternary LiNH2-MgH2-LiBH4 System for Hydrogen Storage." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11520.

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The ternary LiNH2-MgH2-LiBH4 hydrogen storage system has been extensively studied by adopting various processing reaction pathways. The stoichiometric ratio of LiNH2:MgH2:LiBH4 is kept constant with a 2:1:1 molar ratio. All samples are prepared using solid-state mechano-chemical synthesis with a constant rotational speed, but with varying milling duration. All samples are intimate mixtures of Li-B-N-H and MgH2, with varying particle sizes. It is found that the samples with MgH2 particle sizes of approximately 10nm exhibit lower initial hydrogen release at a temperature of 150°C. The as-synthesized hydrides exhibit two main hydrogen release temperatures, one around 160°C and the other around 300°C. The main hydrogen release temperature is reduced from 310°C to 270°C, while hydrogen is first reversibly released at temperatures as low as 150°C with a total hydrogen capacity of 6 wt.%.
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Jena, Hrudananda, and B. Rambabu. "Effect of Sonochemical, Regenerative Sol Gel and Microwave Assisted Synthesis Techniques on the Formation of Dense Electrolytes and Porus Electrodes for All Perovskite IT-SOFCs." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97262.

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The influence of preparation techniques on the microstructure, grain-size and consequently on the electrical transport properties of the ABO3 structured materials used as electrode and electrolytes in all perovskite IT-SOFC were investigated. Nano-crystalline powders of La1-xMxGa1-yNyO3±δ (M = Sr,; x = −0.10 to 0.15; N = Mg; y = −0.10 to 0.15) (LSGM) as electrolyte, porous La0.8Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3±δ (LSCF) or LaNi1-xFexO3±δ (x = 0–0.5) (LNF) as cathode, La0.8Sr0.2Cr0.7Mn0.3O3±δ (LSCM) as anode and LaCrO3 or substituted LaCrO 3 as interconnect were synthesized by various wet chemical methods. The wet chemical methods like metal-carboxylate gel decomposition, hydroxide co-precipitation, sonochemical and regenerative sol-gel process followed by microwave sintering of the powders have been used. Microwave sintering parameters were optimized by varying sintering time, and temperature to achieve higher density of LSGM pellets. The phase pure systems were obtained at sintering duration of 30 min at 1200 °C. The XRD, HR-TEM, and SEM measurements revealed the average grain size of these perovskites was ∼ 22 nm range. The electrical conductivities of the compositions were measured by ac (5Hz–13MHz) and dc techniques. The conductivity of the sintered pellets was found to be ∼0.01–0.21 S/cm at 550–1000°C range for electrolyte and 1.5–100 S/cm at 25–1000°C for electrodes respectively. The effect of sonochemical, and regenerative sol-gel methods in processing large quantities of nano-crystalline perovskites with multi-element substitutions at A- and B-sites to achieve physico-chemical compatibility for fabricating zero emission all perovskite IT-SOFCs are reported in this paper.
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Liu, Hongtao, Yiyang Liu, and Tao Su. "An Instrument Established for the High Temperature Measurement of Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectra of Molten Fluoride Salt Behaving As Coolant in the Molten Salt Reactor." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82013.

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Molten salts were widely used in nuclear and solar power field due to the excellent heat transfer and storage. Molten fluoride salts were selected as primary and secondary coolants in the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Therefore, it is dramatically important to study the physical and chemical properties of molten fluoride salts that impact on the design of reactor core and thermohydraulics. The molecular structure directly determines the physical and chemical properties of matter, so it is also essential to study the structure of molten salts. Spectroscopy has been proven to be a very useful tool for investigating molten salts structures. However, the standard instrument is inapplicable for measurement of the high temperature molten salts, especially for molten fluoride salts. To obtain the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra of molten salts at high temperature, an instrument was designed to study the structures of molten salts in situ. The instrument is mainly composed of a vertical pit furnace connecting with a glovebox and an assembled cuvette which can operate from room temperature up to 800°C. The assembled cuvette is made of Hastelloy C/N as the main body with a reverse ‘T’ contour and diamond or crystalline CaF2 etc. as the window plates, so it can withstand the corrosion produced by the sample and allow the interest light passing through. The effective spectral range of this instrument is from 200 to 1000 nm. Performances of the instrument are testified by spectral studies on water under room temperature and molten salts under high temperature.
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Yan, Zheng, Tong Ti, Jing Shi-wei, Li Huan-yu, Liu Xuan, Gao Ya-dong, and Nian Rui-xue. "A Movable Device of Explosives Detection." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66070.

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This paper introduces a movable detection device for explosives hidden in wall. The device is composed of the 14MeV neutron generator, the silicon detector and Φ76mm×76mm LYSO detector. The γ spectra produced by the inelastic scattering interaction provide the relative counts of C, N, O, which are converted into chemical fractions to distinguish the explosives from the organic compounds. The device using associate particle method reduces the background 200–300 times. The 300g ammonium nitrate and TNT explosive simulated samples placed behind the 15cm-thick and 10cm-thick wall is detected by the device, respectively, when the neutron intensity is 1×107n/s. Compared with other methods, the experimental results show that the device with associate particle method has higher detection space resolution ability and explosives recognition ability. The device can provide the support for the detection of explosives.
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Jiang, W., A. Bakken, and R. P. Taleyarkhan. "Irradiation Induced Crosslinking in “Green” Polylactic-Acid (PLA) Polymers for Enhanced Strength and Elevated Temperature Applications." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16767.

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Abstract This paper presents interdisciplinary (nuclear-mechanical-materials-chemical) engineering technology and results pertaining to use of ionization radiation for tailoring “green”, renewable corn-soy based amorphous and crystalline form polymers for use as low-to-high temperature adhesives. Both amorphous and crystalline form polymer forms of such the Polylactic-Acid (PLA) polymer were studied with and without photon irradiation, alongside with and without cross-linking agent. In order to study and enhance the high-temperature application of PLA as a novel, multi-purpose adhesive, small concentrations of the crosslinking agent triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) were included into molten amorphous and semi-crystalline PLA cast as glue sticks, followed with Co-60 gamma-irradiation. Bond strength variations were studied in tensile mode at room temperature using the resulting adhesive in between two steel dowels (head-to-head bonded) as well as via shear strength testing at elevated temperatures (50–120°C) under a set pre-load of 222 N. It was found that gamma irradiated samples with TAIC exhibited noticeably improved bonding strength, and importantly, such strength can potentially prevail towards 100°C. These are exciting results which offer potential for application for building construction and safety enhancements especially under fires and similar accidents. Samples without TAIC exhibited significant loss of strength past 90°C. The full paper will discuss details of apparatus, modeling and simulation of irradiation dose delivery, testing protocols results, and future enhancements via hybrid neutron-photon-electron irradiation for utility in variety of industrial applications.
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Mian, Ahsan, Taslema Sultana, and Golam Newaz. "Performance of Laser Microjoints in Rat Brain." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66819.

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The stability of the laser bonded titanium coated glass/polyimide microjoints were studied in-vivo (by implanting on the rat brain surface for 10 days) and were compared with the earlier in-vitro (by soaking in artificial cerebrospinal fluid, CSF at 37°C for one week) data. In the current state, the strength of the joints were measured by a specially designed instrument called “pressure test” equipment where the samples were subjected to a variable pressure load (using high pressure nitrogen) controlled by a pressure regulator. The strength of the joints seems to degrade as a result of soaking in rat brain. The bond degradation in rat brain implants is similar compared to those soaked in CSF solution. Polyimide uptakes water through existing pores in it and also water gets in the joint region through the edges of the samples. Water might have caused oxidation of the chemical bonds which are thought to have formed by the laser fabrication process. Water availability at the joint region in implanted samples is less than that of the CSF soaked samples — which explains the better retention of the joint strength of the vivo samples. The average failure load from pressure test was found to be 1.4 N/mm, which is below the average tensile strength of the joint (7.3 N/mm) as published elsewhere by the authors. The difference between the joint strengths results from the difference in applied mechanical (joint peeling in pressure testing and joint shearing in tensile testing) loads and loading rates by the experiments.
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Reports on the topic "Chemical engineering, n.e.c"

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Firman, Paul, Edward M. Eyring, Meizhen Xu, Andrea Marchetti, and Sergio Petrucci. Static, Microwave, Infrared, and Visible Permittivity Related to chemical Structure: N-Methylacetamide, N-dimethyl Acetamide and their Mixtures in CCl4 at 32 Deg. C. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada246364.

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Bar-Tal, Asher, Paul R. Bloom, Pinchas Fine, C. Edward Clapp, Aviva Hadas, Rodney T. Venterea, Dan Zohar, Dong Chen, and Jean-Alex Molina. Effects of soil properties and organic residues management on C sequestration and N losses. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587729.bard.

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Objectives - The overall objective of this proposal was to explore the effects of soil properties and management practices on C sequestration in soils and off-site losses of N.The specific objectives were: 1. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on C transformations that follow OW decomposition, C losses by gaseous emission, and its sequestration by organic and mineral components of the soil; 2. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on organic N mineralization and transformations in soil, its losses by leaching and gaseous emission; 3. to investigate and to quantify the effects of management practices and plants root activity and decomposition on C and N transformations; and 4. to upgrade the models NCSOIL and NCSWAP to include inorganic C and root exudation dynamics. The last objective has not been fulfilled due to difficulties in experimentally quantification of the effects of soil inorganic component on root exudation dynamics. Objective 4 was modified to explore the ability of NCSOIL to simulate organic matter decomposition and N transformations in non- and calcareous soils. Background - Rates of decomposition of organic plant residues or organic manures in soil determine the amount of carbon (C), which is mineralized and released as CO₂ versus the amount of C that is retained in soil organic matter (SOM). Decomposition rates also greatly influence the amount of nitrogen (N) which becomes available for plant uptake, is leached from the soil or lost as gaseous emission, versus that which is retained in SOM. Microbial decomposition of residues in soil is strongly influenced by soil management as well as soil chemical and physical properties and also by plant roots via the processes of mineral N uptake, respiration, exudation and decay.
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Smith, I. R., S. J. A. Day, R C Paulen, and D. G. Pearson. Chemical studies of kimberlite indicator minerals from stream sediment and till samples in the southern Mackenzie region (NTS 85B, C, F, G), Northwest Territories, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329080.

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Till (n=196) and stream sediment (n=60) samples were collected in the area south and west of Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories (NTS 85B, C, F, and G), over the course of 3 summer field seasons. Samples were processed to recover kimberlite and other indicator minerals. This report summarizes results of the kimberlite indicator mineral (KIM) studies, including measures of KIM mineral types, abundances, and chemistry (major, trace, and rare earth elements). KIMs were present in 24% of the samples collected, and only 183 KIM grains in total were recovered, of which Cr-pyrope garnets were the most abundant (65.6%). Chemical analyses revealed strong similarities to the Drybones Bay and Mud Lake kimberlites which are situated 50 to >100 km to the northeast, roughly aligned with prominent glacially streamlined landform flowsets in this field area. Results suggest there is little evidence for undetected kimberlite outcrop or sub-crop in the study area.
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Baader, Franz, Carsten Lutz, Eldar Karabaev, and Manfred Theißen. A New n-ary Existential Quantifier in Description Logics. Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.151.

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Motivated by a chemical process engineering application, we introduce a new concept constructor in Description Logics (DLs), an n-ary variant of the existential restriction constructor, which generalizes both the usual existential restrictions and so-called qualified number restrictions. We show that the new constructor can be expressed in ALCQ, the extension of the basic DL ALC by qualified number restrictions. However, this representation results in an exponential blow-up. By giving direct algorithms for ALC extended with the new constructor, we can show that the complexity of reasoning in this new DL is actually not harder than the one of reasoning in ALCQ. Moreover, in our chemical process engineering application, a restricted DL that provides only the new constructor together with conjunction, and satisfies an additional restriction on the occurrence of roles names, is sufficient. For this DL, the subsumption problem is polynomial.
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Cline, S. R., D. L. Denton, J. M. Giaquinto, M. K. McCracken, and R. C. Starr. Laboratory Evaluation of In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation, Test Area North, Operable Unit 1-07B, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Volume Two, Appendices C, D, and E. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/8071.

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Neupauer, R. M., and S. M. Thurmond. Mixed and low-level waste treatment project: Appendix C, Health and safety criteria for the mixed and low-level waste treatment facility at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Part 2, Chemical constituents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10130192.

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Naim, Michael, Gary R. Takeoka, Haim D. Rabinowitch, and Ron G. Buttery. Identification of Impact Aroma Compounds in Tomato: Implications to New Hybrids with Improved Acceptance through Sensory, Chemical, Breeding and Agrotechnical Techniques. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585204.bard.

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The tomato, a profitable vegetable crop in both the USA and Israel, has benefited significantly from intensive breeding efforts in both countries, and elsewhere (esp. Holland). : Modem hybrids are highly prolific and resistant to a variety of major pests. They produce attractive, firm fruit for both processing and fresh-marketing. In all cases, however, reduction in flavor and aroma have occurred concomitantly with the increase in yield. Sugars-acids ratio dominate fruit taste, whereas aroma volatiles (potent at minute ppb and ppt levels) contribute to the total characteristic tomato flavor. An increase in sugars (1-2%) contributes significantly to tomato fruit taste. However, because of energy reasons, an increase in fruit sugars is immediately compensated for by a decrease in yield. Our main objectives were to: (a) pinpoint and identify the major impact aroma components of fresh tomato; (b) study the genetic and environmental effects on fruit aroma; (c) determine precursors of appealing (flavors) and repelling (off-flavors) aroma compounds in tomato. Addition of saturated salts blocked all enzymatic activities prior to isolation of volatiles by dynamic and static headspace, using solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from highly favored (FA-612 and FA-624) and less preferred (R 144 and R 175) tomato genotypes. Impact aroma components were determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). The potent odorant (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, was identified for the first time in fresh tomato. From the ca. 400 volatile compounds in the headspace of fresh tomato, the following compounds are proposed to be impact aroma compounds: (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, 1-penten-3-one, 2-phenylethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, phenyl acetaldehyde, b-ionone, b-damascenone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2H)-furanone (FuraneolR), (Z)-l,5-octadien-3-one, methional, 1-octen-3-one, guaiacol, (E,E)- and (E,Z)- 2,4-decadienal and trans- and cis-4,5-EPOXY -(E)-2-decenal. This confirms the initial hypothesis that only a small number of volatiles actually contribute to the sensation of fruit aroma. Tomato matrix significantly affected the volatility of certain impact aroma components and thus led to the conclusion that direct analysis of molecules in the headspace . may best represent access of tomato volatiles to the olfactory receptors. Significant differences in certain odorants were found between preferred and less-preferred cultivars. Higher consumer preference was correlated with higher concentrations of the following odorants: l-penten-3-one, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E,E)- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and especially Furaneol, whereas lower consumer preference was associated with higher concentrations of methional, 3-methylbutyric acid, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-isobutylthiazole. Among environmental factors (salinity, N source, growth temperature), temperature had significant effects on the content of selected aroma compounds (e.g., 3-methylbutanal, 1- penten-3-one, hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten- 2-one, 1-octen-3-one, methional, 2-phenylethanal, phenyl acetaldehyde, and eugenol) in fresh tomatoes. Salt stress (20 mM NaCl) increased the content of odorants such as (Z)-3-hexenal, 2-phenylethanol and 3-methylbutanal in the R-144 cultivar whereas salinity had minor effects on 1-pentene-3-one, 2-isobutylthiazole and b-ionone. This fundamental knowledge obtained by comprehensive investigation, using modem chemical, sensory and agrotechnical methodology will assist future attempts to genetically modify the concentrations of key odorants in fresh tomatoes, and thus keep the tomato production of Israel and the USA competitive on the world market.
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Baader, Franz, Ralf Küsters, and Ralf Molitor. Rewriting Concepts Using Terminologies - Revisited. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.97.

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Please download the revised version LTCS-00-04 containing revised proofs of the technical results.An abridged version of this report appeared in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR'2000). The problem of rewriting a concept given a terminology can informally be stated as follows: given a terminology T (i.e., a set of concept definitions) and a concept description C that does not contain concept names defined in T , can this description be rewritten into a 'related better' description E by using (some of) the names defined in T ? In this paper, we first introduce a general framework for the rewriting problem in description logics, and then concentrate on one specific instance of the framework, namely the minimal rewriting problem (where 'better' means shorter, and 'related' means equivalent). We investigate the complexity of the decision problem induced by the minimal rewriting problem for the languages FL0, ALN, ALE, and ALC, and then introduce an algorithm for computing (minimal) rewritings for the languages ALE and ALN. Finally, we sketch other interesting instances of the framework. Our interest for the minimal rewriting problem stems from the fact that algorithms for non-standard inferences, such as computing least common subsumers and matchers, usually produce concept descriptions not containing defined names. Consequently, these descriptions are rather large and hard to read and comprehend. First experiments in a chemical process engineering application show that rewriting can reduce the size of concept descriptions obtained as least common subsumers by almost two orders of magnitude.
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Baader, Franz, Ralf Küsters, and Ralf Molitor. Rewriting Concepts Using Terminologies - Revisited. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.97.

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Please download the revised version LTCS-00-04 containing revised proofs of the technical results.An abridged version of this report appeared in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR'2000). The problem of rewriting a concept given a terminology can informally be stated as follows: given a terminology T (i.e., a set of concept definitions) and a concept description C that does not contain concept names defined in T , can this description be rewritten into a 'related better' description E by using (some of) the names defined in T ? In this paper, we first introduce a general framework for the rewriting problem in description logics, and then concentrate on one specific instance of the framework, namely the minimal rewriting problem (where 'better' means shorter, and 'related' means equivalent). We investigate the complexity of the decision problem induced by the minimal rewriting problem for the languages FL0, ALN, ALE, and ALC, and then introduce an algorithm for computing (minimal) rewritings for the languages ALE and ALN. Finally, we sketch other interesting instances of the framework. Our interest for the minimal rewriting problem stems from the fact that algorithms for non-standard inferences, such as computing least common subsumers and matchers, usually produce concept descriptions not containing defined names. Consequently, these descriptions are rather large and hard to read and comprehend. First experiments in a chemical process engineering application show that rewriting can reduce the size of concept descriptions obtained as least common subsumers by almost two orders of magnitude.
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10

Sessa, Guido, and Gregory Martin. MAP kinase cascades activated by SlMAPKKKε and their involvement in tomato resistance to bacterial pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699834.bard.

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The research problem: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and Xanthomonas campestrispv. vesicatoria (Xcv) are the causal agents of tomato bacterial speck and spot diseases, respectively. These pathogens colonize the aerial parts of the plant and cause economically important losses to tomato yield worldwide. Control of speck and spot diseases by cultural practices or chemicals is not effective and genetic sources of resistance are very limited. In previous research supported by BARD, by gene expression profiling we identified signaling components involved in resistance to Xcvstrains. Follow up experiments revealed that a tomato gene encoding a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKKe) is required for resistance to Xcvand Pststrains. Goals: Central goal of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which MAPKKKεand associated MAP kinase cascades regulate host resistance. Specific objectives were to: 1. Determine whether MAPKKKεplays a broad role in defense signaling in plants; 2. Identify components of MAP kinase cascades acting downstream of MAPKKKε; 3. Determine the role of phosphorylation-related events in the function of MAPKKKε; 4. Isolate proteins directly activated by MAPKKKε-associatedMAPK modules. Our main achievements during this research program are in the following major areas: 1. Characterization of MAPKKKεas a positive regulator of cell death and dissection of downstream MAP kinase cascades (Melech-Bonfil et al., 2010; Melech-Bonfil and Sessa, 2011). The MAPKKKεgene was found to be required for tomato resistance to Xcvand Pstbacterial strains and for hypersensitive response cell death triggered by different R gene/effector gene pairs. In addition, overexpression analysis demonstrated that MAPKKKεis a positive regulator of cell death, whose activity depends on an intact kinase catalytic domain. Epistatic experiments delineated a signaling cascade downstream of MAPKKKεand identified SIPKK as a negative regulator of MAPKKKε-mediated cell death. Finally, genes encoding MAP kinase components downstream of MAPKKKεwere shown to contribute to tomato resistance to Xcv. 2. Identification of tomato proteins that interact with MAPKKKεand play a role in plant immunity (Oh et al., 2011). We identified proteins that interact with MAPKKKε. Among them, the 14-3-3 protein TFT7 was required for cell death mediated by several R proteins. In addition, TFT7 interacted with the MAPKK SlMKK2 and formed homodimersin vivo. Thus, TFT7 is proposed to recruit SlMKK2 and MAPKKK client proteins for efficient signal transfer. 3. Development of a chemical genetic approach to identify substrates of MAPKKKε-activated MAP kinase cascades (Salomon et al., 2009, 2011). This approach is based on engineering the kinase of interest to accept unnatural ATP analogs. For its implementation to identify substrates of MAPKKKε-activated MAP kinase modules, we sensitized the tomato MAP kinase SlMPK3 to ATP analogs and verified its ability to use them as phosphodonors. By using the sensitized SlMPK3 and radiolabeled N6(benzyl)ATP it should be possible to tag direct substrates of this kinase. 4. Development of methods to study immunity triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in tomato and N. benthamiana plants (Kim et al., 2009; Nguyen et al. 2010). We developed protocols for measuring various PTI-associatedphenotypes, including bacterial populations after pretreatment of leaves with PAMPs, induction of reporter genes, callose deposition at the cell wall, activation of MAP kinases, and a luciferase-based reporter system for use in protoplasts. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities discovered and characterized a signal transduction pathway mediating plant immunity to bacterial pathogens. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms of immunity will allow them to be manipulated by both molecular breeding and genetic engineering to produce plants with enhanced natural defense against disease. In addition, we successfully developed new biochemical and molecular methods that can be implemented in the study of plant immunity and other aspects of plant biology.
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