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1
Hannah, Griffiths, and N. Carr Amanda (Mandi). "Potential for silvopastoral systems to control nematode burden in livestock farming in winter rainfall areas of South Australia, Australia." International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research 8, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000124.
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Gastrointestinal nematode infections cause significant production losses in ruminants. In southern Australia, the estimated annual cost of internal parasites in sheep, cattle and goats are $436million, $82m and $2.54m, respectively. An over-reliance on anthelmintic treatments has resulted in anthelmintic resistance becoming an increasing concern for producers. Reducing the need for chemical anthelmintics is desirable to lower producer costs and limit the development of anthelmintic resistance. Condensed tannins found in many trees and forages are a plant secondary compound receiving considerable interest as an alternative anthelmintic strategy. Direct anthelmintic effects from condensed tannins are associated with the binding of larval proteins; slowing egg hatching, larval development and exsheathment. Indirect effects are associated with improvements to protein metabolism and immune function within the animal. Several native Australian tree extracts have demonstrated anthelmintic properties, but further research is required to assess their suitability for silvopastoral systems in South Australia.
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Profaiser, Andrea, Woei Saw, Graham J. Nathan, and Philip Ingenhoven. "Bottom-Up Estimates of the Cost of Supplying High-Temperature Industrial Process Heat from Intermittent Renewable Electricity and Thermal Energy Storage in Australia." Processes 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061070.
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We report the upper and lower bounds for the levelized cost of high-temperature industrial process heat, supplied from electricity generated with solar-photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines in combination with either thermal or electric battery storage using hourly typical meteorological year (TMY) data, in systems sized to supply between 80% and 100% of continuous thermal demand at a site in the northern part of Western Australia. The system is chosen to supply high-temperature air as the heat transfer media at temperatures of 1000 °C, which is a typical temperature for an alumina or a lime calcination plant. A simplified model of the electrical energy plant has been developed using performance characteristics of real PV and wind systems and TMY data of renewable energy resources. This was used to simulate a large sample of possible system configurations and find the optimal combination of the renewable resources and storage systems, sized to provide renewable shares (RES) of between 80% and 100% of the yearly demand. This allowed the upper and lower bounds to be determined for the cost of heat based on two scenarios in which the excess energy is either dumped (upper bound) or exported to the electricity grid (lower bound) at the average generating cost. The lower bound of the levelized cost of energy (LCOEL), which occurs for the system employing thermal storage, was estimated to range from USD 10/GJ to USD 24/GJ for RES from 80 to 100%. The corresponding upper bound (LCOEU), also estimated for the system using thermal storage, are between USD 16/GJ and USD 31/GJ, for RES between 80% and 100%. The utilization of electric battery storage instead of thermal storage was found to increase the LCOE values by a factor of two to four depending on the share of renewable energy. Compared with current Australian natural gas cost, none of the systems assessed configurations is economical without either a cost for CO2 emissions or a premium for low-carbon products. The estimated cost for CO2 emission that is needed to reach parity with current natural gas prices in Australia is also presented.
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Tinggi, Ujang, Niikee Schoendorfer, Peter S. W. Davies, Pieter Scheelings, and Henry Olszowy. "Determination of iodine in selected foods and diets by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-08-03.
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Iodine is an essential trace element, and its deficiency has caused concern in many countries. Foods are the principal source of iodine, and its levels are generally low. In this study, selected food items were obtained from food market outlets in Brisbane, Australia. Food samples of dietary intakes of selected healthy children in Brisbane, Australia, were also collected for analysis and assessment of iodine nutritional status. In Australia, there has been little study on iodine dietary intakes, particularly in young children. The aims of this study were to provide further information on iodine levels in foods for Australian food composition data, and to estimate the iodine daily intakes of selected healthy children. Food samples were analyzed for iodine concentrations using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after alkaline digestion with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), and the method was validated using a certified reference material of nonfat milk (NIST, SRM 1549). The results of this study indicated a wide variation of iodine in foodstuffs, which ranged from <0.02 to 0.101 mg/kg for cereals, 87 to 299 μg/kg for milk, and 86 to 271 μg/kg for cheese products. The study also showed that the daily intakes of iodine in these children (n= 15) varied widely and ranged from 36.9 to 288.1 μg/day (mean ± s.d, 93.1 ± 76.7 μg/day).
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Northcott, I. W., and R. C. M. McDonough. "TARDIS: A COMPUTER MODEL TO PREDICT FUTURE GAS SUPPLY." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88007.
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Because much of South Australia's electricity is gas- generated the future supply of gas from the Cooper Basin is the central issue in the state's energy planning. Available proven reserves of gas are only sufficient to meet the state's demand until the early 1990s.The TARDIS computer program has therefore been written to enable production scheduling of proved and probable gas reserves and, by using historically derived discovery- rate algorithms, to calculate the exploration- drilling effort necessary to meet future gas supply requirements.The mandatory requirement was that the program should complete a simulation within several minutes. This necessitated the decomposition of complex engineering procedures to a simple level without unacceptable loss of accuracy.TARDIS simulates a network of discovered and undiscovered fields which may be allocated to four zones. The fields supply a defined gas market via a processing plant. Appraisal drilling in zones one and three converts estimates of possible gas- in- place into the proved and probable category after allowance for risk. Exploration drilling in zones two and four predicts the discovery of additional reserves using an algorithm, calibrated by historical data, based on the observation that field size decreases as cumulative drilling effort increases.Fields are scheduled in development priority and sufficient fields are brought on line to satisfy a defined gas market. The required number of on- line fields is determined by the cumulative field deliverability and the peak day gas demand. As each field comes on line development wells are drilled until the field is fully developed.A processing plant is simulated to produce sales gas which is within the required specification for chemical composition. The quantity of each of the ancillary gaseous and liquid products is also computed.Data entry and graphical display of results is processed with a spreadsheet and the program runs on a personal computer.TARDIS enables an assessment of whether the current and forecast drilling effort is likely to discover sufficient reserves to satisfy the market. It has proved an invaluable tool in investigating future gas- supply options for South Australia.
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Fuentes, Sigfredo, Claudia Gonzalez Viejo, Chelsea Hall, Yidan Tang, and Eden Tongson. "Berry Cell Vitality Assessment and the Effect on Wine Sensory Traits Based on Chemical Fingerprinting, Canopy Architecture and Machine Learning Modelling." Sensors 21, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 7312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217312.
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Berry cell death assessment can become one of the most objective parameters to assess important berry quality traits, such as aroma profiles that can be passed to the wine in the winemaking process. At the moment, the only practical tool to assess berry cell death in the field is using portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and machine learning (ML) models. This research tested the NIR and ML approach and developed supervised regression ML models using Shiraz and Chardonnay berries and wines from a vineyard located in Yarra Valley, Victoria, Australia. An ML model was developed using NIR measurements from intact berries as inputs to estimate berry cell death (BCD), living tissue (LT) (Model 1). Furthermore, canopy architecture parameters obtained from cover photography of grapevine canopies and computer vision analysis were also tested as inputs to develop ML models to assess BCD and LT (Model 2) and the intensity of sensory descriptors based on visual and aroma profiles of wines for Chardonnay (Model 3) and Shiraz (Model 4). The results showed high accuracy and performance of models developed based on correlation coefficient (R) and slope (b) (M1: R = 0.87; b = 0.82; M2: R = 0.98; b = 0.93; M3: R = 0.99; b = 0.99; M4: R = 0.99; b = 1.00). Models developed based on canopy architecture, and computer vision can be used to automatically estimate the vigor and berry and wine quality traits using proximal remote sensing and with visible cameras as the payload of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).
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Minh, Chanh Cao, Greg Gubelin, Raghu Ramamoorthy, and Stuart McGeoch. "Sonic-Magnetic Resonance Method: A Sourceless Porosity Evaluation in Gas-Bearing Reservoirs." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 4, no. 03 (June 1, 2001): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/72180-pa.
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Summary For environmental reasons, there are times when the use of radioactive chemical sources for density and neutron logging is not possible. The inability to use these logging tools seriously affects porosity determination in gas-bearing reservoirs. Several tools, such as the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool, the sonic tool, or a minitron-based tool, determine porosity without using a radioactive source. These tools, however, are influenced by many effects and, when used alone, cannot deliver an accurate gas-independent porosity. A new methodology that combines sonic and NMR logs for improved porosity evaluation in gas-bearing reservoirs is proposed. The first variant of the method uses the sonic compressional transit time and the total NMR porosity (ft, NMR) to determine the total porosity, corrected for the gas effect, and the flushed-zone gas saturation. In this approach, a linear time-averaged equation corrected for compaction is applied to the sonic compressional log. The simplicity of the solution, much like the previously published DMR1 Density-Magnetic Resonance Interpretation Method, allows fast, easy computation and a complete error analysis to assess the quality of the results. In the second variant of the method, we show that the rigorous Gassman equation has a very similar response to the Raymer-Hunt-Gardner (RHG) equation for a water/gas mixture. This allows substitution of the complex Gassman equation by the much simpler RHG equation in the combined sonic-NMR (SMR) technique to estimate total porosity and flushed-zone gas saturation in gas-bearing formations. Both techniques are successfully applied to an offshore gas well in Australia. In this well, the porosity in the well-compacted sands is in the 20 to 25 p.u. range and the compaction factor is approximately 0.77. The sonic-magnetic resonance results compared favorably to the established density-magnetic resonance results and also to core data. In another offshore gas well from the North Sea, the porosity in the highly uncompacted sands is in the 35 to 40 p.u. range, and the compaction factor is around 1.85. Both SMR techniques were able to produce a very good porosity estimate comparable to that estimated from the density-neutron logs. Introduction Many authors have discussed the applications of sonic logs in gas-bearing formations.2–4 Stand-alone sonic techniques that use Wyllie's equation or the RHG equation are based on empirical observations of water-saturated samples that are extended to water/gas mixtures.5,6 Stand-alone sonic techniques that involve the Gassman theory are generally too complex for the petrophysicist to consider the effects of many sonic moduli parameters that must be determined to solve for porosity.7–9 Other authors have discussed the applications of NMR logs in gas-bearing formations.10,11 Porosity logs derived from NMR alone suffer from the low hydrogen index of the gas and the long T1 polarization time of the gas when the data is acquired with insufficient wait time. To provide a robust estimate of total porosity in gas-bearing formations, a combined density-NMR technique has been proposed. However, density logging uses a radioactive chemical source, and in certain sensitive environments, it is not used because the radioactive source might be lost in the hole. The sonic-magnetic resonance technique has been developed to provide an accurate porosity in these situations. This paper will demonstrate the following:The Gassman and RHG methods predict very similar sonic responses.Both Gassman and RHG sonic porosities are quite insensitive to fluid type, and hence to water saturation.The solution of the Gassman approach is more complex, requiring five parameters compared to only one for the RHG method (RHG is, therefore, more practical).Combining ft, NMR and RHG provides a good estimate of porosity in gas-bearing formations.Combining ft, NMR and a modified Wyllie scheme gives a simple analytic solution analogous to the DMR method.Gas-corrected porosity could be estimated at the wellsite by rescaling the sonic log. The ft, NMR/RHG and ft, NMR/Wyllie schemes are applied to two field examples. The results are compared to those from DMR, to core data in the first well, and to density/neutron analysis in the second well. Sonic Porosity Equations The three methods (in order of increasing complexity) used to compute sonic porosity from the compressional slowness are based on the Wyllie, RHG, and Gassman formulas. In this section, each approach is analyzed, and the predictions from each are compared with the others. Wyllie Method. The Wyllie equation is Equation 1 Eq. 1 can be rearranged intoEquation 2a withEquation 2b In these equations, f=porosity, ?tc=the sonic compressional slowness, ?tma=the matrix compressional slowness, ?tf=the fluid compressional slowness, and Cp=the compaction factor needed to correct the sonic porosity to the true porosity.
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Mohajerani, Abbas, Aruna Ukwatta, Tristan Jeffrey-Bailey, Michael Swaney, Mohtashim Ahmed, Glen Rodwell, Simon Bartolo, Nicky Eshtiaghi, and Sujeeva Setunge. "A Proposal for Recycling the World’s Unused Stockpiles of Treated Wastewater Sludge (Biosolids) in Fired-Clay Bricks." Buildings 9, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9010014.
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Millions of tonnes of leftover biosolids are increasingly stockpiled every year around the globe. Biosolids are a product of the wastewater sludge treatment process. Stockpiles necessitate the use of large areas of increasingly valuable land. Biosolids have many beneficial uses and are currently utilised in agricultural and land rehabilitation applications. However, it is estimated that 30% of biosolids are unused and stockpiled. A second and seemingly unrelated environmental issue is the massive excavation of virgin soil for brick production. The annual production of 1500 billion bricks globally requires over 3.13 billion cubic metres of clay soil—equivalent to over 1000 soccer fields dug 440 m deep or to a depth greater than three times the height of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. This paper investigates and proposes a practical solution for the utilisation of the world’s excess biosolids in fired–clay bricks. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of fired–clay bricks incorporating 25%, 20%, 15% and 10% biosolids have been tested. Bricks were produced from three different biosolids samples collected at Melbourne’s Eastern Treatment Plant (ETP 22) and the Western Treatment Plant (WTP 10 & WTP 17–29). Compressive strength testing indicated results ranging between 35.5 MPa and 12.04 MPa for the biosolids-amended bricks. Leachate analysis was conducted on the bricks before and after firing, and the results demonstrate that between 43 and 99% of the heavy metals tested were immobilised inside the fired bricks compared to the heavy metals tested in the raw mixture. All leachate concentrations were found to be insignificant for the biosolids-incorporated bricks tested in this study. Biosolids can have significantly different chemical characteristics depending on the origin of the wastewater and the treatment procedure. Suitable leachate analysis should be undertaken on biosolids and test bricks before large-scale production is approved. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images illustrate that biosolids-amended bricks have a higher porosity than the control bricks, which corresponds to the lower thermal conductivity values recorded for biosolids-amended bricks. In addition, brick firing energy demands are estimated to decrease by up to 48.6% for bricks incorporating 25% WTP 17–29 biosolids due to the higher organic content of the mixture containing biosolids. The emissions study and comparative Life Cycle Assessment results show that the incorporation of biosolids into bricks is a positive and sustainable alternative approach with respect to all environmental impacts arising from the stockpiling of biosolids and brick manufacturing. Based on the results found in this comprehensive study, this paper proposes the inclusion of a minimum of 15% biosolids content into 15% of brick production in order to completely recycle all the approximately 5 million tonnes of annual leftover biosolids production in Australia, New Zealand, the EU, the USA and Canada. This is a practical and sustainable proposal for recycling all the leftover biosolids worldwide. Utilisation of only 15% of biosolids in brick production would reduce the carbon footprint of brick manufacturing whilst satisfying all the environmental and engineering requirements for bricks.
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Techera, Erika. "Australia." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-07010008.
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Emmerson, Kathryn M., Ian E. Galbally, Alex B. Guenther, Clare Paton-Walsh, Elise-Andree Guerette, Martin E. Cope, Melita D. Keywood, et al. "Current estimates of biogenic emissions from eucalypts uncertain for southeast Australia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 11 (June 8, 2016): 6997–7011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6997-2016.
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Abstract. The biogenic emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes are one of the main drivers of atmospheric photochemistry, including oxidant and secondary organic aerosol production. In this paper, the emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes from Australian vegetation are investigated for the first time using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGANv2.1); the CSIRO chemical transport model; and atmospheric observations of isoprene, monoterpenes and isoprene oxidation products (methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone). Observations from four field campaigns during three different seasons are used, covering urban, coastal suburban and inland forest areas. The observed concentrations of isoprene and monoterpenes were of a broadly similar magnitude, which may indicate that southeast Australia holds an unusual position where neither chemical species dominates. The model results overestimate the observed atmospheric concentrations of isoprene (up to a factor of 6) and underestimate the monoterpene concentrations (up to a factor of 4). This may occur because the emission rates currently used in MEGANv2.1 for Australia are drawn mainly from young eucalypt trees (< 7 years), which may emit more isoprene than adult trees. There is no single increase/decrease factor for the emissions which suits all seasons and conditions studied. There is a need for further field measurements of in situ isoprene and monoterpene emission fluxes in Australia.
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FREEMANTLE, MICHAEL. "IUPAC IN AUSTRALIA." Chemical & Engineering News 79, no. 34 (August 20, 2001): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n034.p036.
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Aibinu, Ajibade Ayodeji, and Thomas Pasco. "The accuracy of pre‐tender building cost estimates in Australia." Construction Management and Economics 26, no. 12 (December 2008): 1257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190802527514.
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Alam, AHM Zahirul. "Editorial." IIUM Engineering Journal 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i2.1008.
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(IIUMEJ)
IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL
ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860 Volume 19, Issue 2, December 2018 https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i2
CHIEF EDITOR
Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia
TECHNICAL EDITOR
Erry Yulian Triblas Adesta, IIUM, Malaysia
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Anis Nurashikin Nordin, IIUM, Malaysia
LANGUAGE EDITOR
Lynn Mason, Malaysia
COPY EDITOR
Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, IIUM, Malaysia
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia
Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia
Amir Akramin Shafie, IIUM, Malaysia
Erwin Sulaeman, IIUM, Malaysia
Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia
Hazleen Anuar, IIUM, Malaysia
Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada
Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia
Md Zahangir Alam, IIUM, Malaysia
Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia
Mohamed B. Trabia, United States
Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States
Muataz Hazza Faizi Al Hazza, IIUM, Malaysia
Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore
Nor Farahidah Binti Za'bah, IIUM, Malaysia
Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States
Rosminazuin AB. Rahim, IIUM, Malaysia
Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
A. Anwar, United States
Abdul Latif Bin Ahmad, Malaysia
Farzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Hanafy
Omar, Saudi Arabia
Hany Ammar, United States
Idris Mohammed Bugaje, Nigeria
K.B. Ramachandran, India Kunzu Abdella, Canada
Luis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, France
M Mujtaba, United Kingdom
Mohamed AI-Rubei, Ireland Mohamed B Trabia, United States
Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States
Nazmul Karim
Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States
Razi Nalim, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Syed Kamrul Islam, United States
Tibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
Yiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia.
AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUMENGINEERING JOURNAL
The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually, is a carefully refereed international publication of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines; covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of Engineering and Applied Science are also welcomed. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under Regular papers, Invited review papers, Short communications, Technical notes, and Letters to the editor (no page charge). Book reviews, reports of and/or call for papers of conferences, symposia and meetings, and advances in research equipment could also be published in IIUM Engineering Journal with minimum charges.
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Table of Content
EDITORIAL............................................................................................... i
CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING
CHLORELLA VULGARIS LOGISTIC GROWTH KINETICS MODEL IN HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF AQUEOUS AMMONIA................... 1
Azlin Suhaida Azmi, Nurain Atikah Che Aziz, Noor Illi Mohamad Puad, Amanatuzzakiah Abdul Halim, Faridah Yusof, Suzana Yusup
SYNTHETIC ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL FABRICS: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES............. 10
Norashikin Binti Mat Zain, John Olabode Akindoyo, Mohammad Dalour Hossen Beg
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
PERFORMANCE OF HIGH STRENGTH LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE USING PALM WASTES................................... 30
Md. Nazmul Huda, Mohd Zamin Jumaat, Abul Bashar Mohammad Saiful Islam, Walid Abubaker Al-Kutti
ELECTRICAL, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
WIDE RANGE MODULATION INDEXES FEATURED CARRIER-BASED PWM STEPPED WAVEFORM FOR HALF- BRIDGE MODULAR MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS......................................................................................... 43
Majdee Tohtayong, Sheroz Khan, Mashkuri Yaacob, Siti Hajar Yusoff, Nur Shahida Midi, Musse Muhamud Ahmed
A NOVEL METHOD TO ESTIMATE ECONOMIC REPLACING TIME OF TRANSFORMER USING MONTE CARLO ALGORITHM AND ANN............................................................................................... 54
Mehdi Zareian Jahromi, M. Hossein Mehrabanjahromi, Mohsen Tajdinian, Mehdi Allahbakhshi
ADAPTIVE TRIMMED MEAN AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL FOR REDUCTION OF POISSON NOISE IN SCINTIGRAPHIC IMAGES.......... 68
Khan Bahadar Khan, Muhammad Shahid, Hayat Ullah, Eid Rehman, Muhammad Mohsin Khan
EVALUATION OF THE W-METRIC ROUTING USING RPL PROTOCOL IN LLNS........................................................................ 80
Rosminazuin Ab Rahim, Abdallah M. Awwad, Aisha Hasan Abdalla, Aliza Aini Md Ralib INVESTIGATION ON NEED FOR SPECIFIC PROPAGATION MODEL FOR SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT BASED ON DIFFERENT TERRAIN CHARACTERISTICS...................90
Jide Julius Popoola, Akinlolu Adediran Ponnle, Yekeen Olajide Olasoji, Samson Adenle Oyetunji
A STUDY ON LOW-COMPLEXITY TRANSMIT ANTENNA SELECTION FOR GENERALIZED SPATIAL
MODULATION.................................................................................. 105
Simeon Olumide Ajose, Adewale Akanbi Alafia, Agbotiname Lucky Imoize
A NEW SPECTRUM AND ENERGY AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL IN COGNITIVE RADIO SENSOR NETWORK.............................. 118
Sara Moshtaghi, Sayyed Majid Mazinani
RECENT TRENDS IN DENGUE DETECTION METHODS USING BIOSENSORS................................................................................ 134
Ahmad Anwar Zainuddin, Anis Nurashikin Nordin, Rosminazuin Ab Rahim
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TUNNEL LED LIGHTING MAINTENANCE FACTOR.......................................................................... 154
Mehmet Sait Cengiz, Çiğdem Cengiz
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS AND APPLIED SCIENCE
ABOUT THE SILICON SENSITIVITY OF THE DEEP LEVEL WITH ALTERNATING PRESSURE................................... 164
Ikrom Gulamovich Tursunov, Abdurahim Abduraxmonovich Okhunov, Odiljon Oxundadaevich Mamatkarimov
THE HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS FOR OSCILLATING 2D RECTANGULAR BOX USING WEAKLY COMPRESSIBLE SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS (WCSPH) METHOD................................................................................. 172
Muhammad zahir ramli
AN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE TO OBTAIN HIGHER-ORDER APPROXIMATE PERIODS FOR THE NONLINEAR OSCILLATOR................... 182
Md Sazzad Hossien Chowdhury, Md. Alal Hosen, Mohammad Yeakub Ali, Ahmad Faris Ismail
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
EFFECT OF POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) ON THE INJECTABILITY, SETTING BEHAVIOR AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE BONE CEMENT.........................................................192
Sufiamie Hablee, Iis Sopyan, Maizirwan Mel, Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, Md. Mujibur Rahman
MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
STUDY OF MESH QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FOR CFD ANALYSIS OF AN AIRFOIL................................................ 203
Farah Aqilah, Mazharul Islam, Franjo Juretic, Joel Guerrero, David Wood, Farid Nasir Ani
MECHATRONICS AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
COLOR RECOGNITION WEARABLE DEVICE USING MACHINE LEARNING FOR VISUALY IMPAIRED PERSON................................... 213
Tarek Mohamed Bolad , Nik Nur Wahidah Nik Hashim, Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif
COMBINATION OF FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING WITH ABRASIVE MILLING FOR ATTAINING HIGHER DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY AND BETTER SURFACE FINISH ..................................... 221
Abu Naser Mohammad Amanullah Tomal, Tanveer Saleh, Md Raisuddin Khan
Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement.
Published by:
IIUM Press,
International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone (+603) 6196-5014, Fax: (+603) 6196-6298
Website: http://www.iium.edu.my/office/iiumpress
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Indraratna, Buddhima, Thevaragavan Muttuvel, and Hadi Khabbaz. "Modelling the erosion rate of chemically stabilized soil incorporating tensile force – deformation characteristics." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 1 (January 2009): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-103.
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To evaluate the safety of embankment dams, it is necessary to estimate the erosion rate based on common geotechnical properties such as shear and tensile strength. However, the empirical expressions that are currently available in the literature for this purpose are often inadequate. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to model the erosion of a soil capturing its tensile behaviour based on the law of energy conservation. The erosion rate can be determined using the proposed model if the tensile force – deformation characteristics, dry density, mean particle diameter, and mean flow velocity are known. The proposed model is semi-empirical and can be validated with experimental results obtained from the novel process simulation apparatus for internal crack erosion (PSAICE) designed and built at the University of Wollongong, Australia. All tests were conducted on erodible silty sand stabilized with cement and lignosulfonate. The model validation clearly indicates that only a fraction of the energy (efficiency index) from the water stream is effectively used for erosion.
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Kennett, B. L. N. "Areal parameter estimates from multiple datasets." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2231 (November 2019): 20190352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0352.
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A wide range of methods exist for interpolation between spatially distributed points drawn from a single population. Yet often multiple datasets are available with differing distribution, character and reliability. A simple scheme is introduced to allow the fusion of multiple datasets. Each dataset is assigned an a priori spatial influence zone around each point and a relative weight based on its physical character. The composite result at a specific location is a weighted combination of the spatial terms for all the available data points that make a significant contribution. The combination of multiple datasets is illustrated with the construction of a unified Moho surface in part of southern Australia from results exploiting a variety of different styles of analysis.
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Allen, Trevor I. "SEISMIC HAZARD ESTIMATION IN STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS: DOES PSHA MEET THE NEEDS FOR MODERN ENGINEERING DESIGN IN AUSTRALIA?" Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 53, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.53.1.22-36.
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Damaging earthquakes in Australia and other regions characterised by low seismicity are considered low probability but high consequence events. Uncertainties in modelling earthquake occurrence rates and ground motions for damaging earthquakes in these regions pose unique challenges to forecasting seismic hazard, including the use of this information as a reliable benchmark to improve seismic safety within our communities. Key challenges for assessing seismic hazards in these regions are explored, including: the completeness and continuity of earthquake catalogues; the identification and characterisation of neotectonic faults; the difficulties in characterising earthquake ground motions; the uncertainties in earthquake source modelling, and; the use of modern earthquake hazard information to support the development of future building provisions.
Geoscience Australia recently released its 2018 National Seismic Hazard Assessment (NSHA18). Results from the NSHA18 indicate significantly lower seismic hazard across almost all Australian localities at the 1/500 annual exceedance probability level relative to the factors adopted for the current Australian Standard AS1170.4–2007 (R2018). These new hazard estimates have challenged notions of seismic hazard in Australia in terms of the recurrence of damaging ground motions. This raises the question of whether current practices in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) deliver the outcomes required to protect communities and infrastructure assets in low-seismicity regions, such as Australia. This manuscript explores a range of measures that could be undertaken to update and modernise the Australian earthquake loading standard, in the context of these modern seismic hazard estimates, including the use of alternate ground-motion exceedance probabilities for assigning seismic demands for ordinary-use structures.
The estimation of seismic hazard at any location is an uncertain science, particularly in low-seismicity regions. However, as our knowledge of the physical characteristics of earthquakes improve, our estimates of the hazard will converge more closely to the actual – but unknowable – (time independent) hazard. Understanding the uncertainties in the estimation of seismic hazard is also of key importance, and new software and approaches allow hazard modellers to better understand and quantify this uncertainty. It is therefore prudent to regularly update the estimates of the seismic demands in our building codes using the best available evidence-based methods and models.
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Gadd, G. E., and P. J. Evans. "Introduction: Fullerene Science in Australia." Fullerene Science and Technology 7, no. 6 (November 1999): ix—xii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641229909350299.
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Korth, Jurgen, John Ellis, Phillip T. Crisp, and Adrian C. Hutton. "Chemical characterization of shale oil from Duaringa, Australia." Fuel 67, no. 10 (October 1988): 1331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(88)90113-5.
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TREMBLAY, JEAN-FRANÇOIS. "Government policies threaten investment in Australia." Chemical & Engineering News 75, no. 30 (July 28, 1997): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n030.p025.
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SELTZER, RICHARD. "DOE nuclear cleanup cost estimates soar." Chemical & Engineering News 68, no. 28 (July 9, 1990): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n028.p007a.
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Gaull, Brian A., Hiroshi Kagami, and Hitoshi Taniguchi. "The Microzonation of Perth, Western Australia, Using Microtremor Spectral Ratios." Earthquake Spectra 11, no. 2 (May 1995): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585810.
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This paper indicates new microzonation maps of Perth, Western Australia, utilising microtremor spectral ratios. This metropolitan area has been developing in recent times on Perth Basin which is one of the most active seismic zones in the country. The authors carried out simultaneous measurings of microtremors over most of metropolitan Perth, using a 3 km grid as a basis and hard rock reference site throughout. They calculated spectral ratios of microtremors at deposit site to rock reference site and plotted and contoured on maps for 6 frequency bands from 0.2 to 5.0 Hz. Spectral ratio contours appeared to correlate well with various geological subsurface contours. They also showed that previously estimated earthquake risk estimates underestimated ground motions by up to a factor of two.
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Mclellan, B., J. C. Da Diniz Costa, A. L. Dicks, V. Rudolph, R. J. Pagan, C. Sheng, and T. F. Wall. "Hydrogen Economy Options for Australia." Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing 12, no. 5-6 (May 15, 2008): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.5500120502.
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Fahey, G. L. "Evaluation of the Recreational Benefits of Major Dams in Queensland, Australia." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0055.
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This paper describes the use of the “Final Clawson Demand Curve” method in the evaluation of the recreational benefits of four major dams in Queensland, Australia. The use of existing demand curves to predict the demand for recreational facilities at proposed sites was also investigated. The results indicate that the demand curves are sensitive to changes in variables such as travel costs. However, within the method is the potential to provide estimates of the recreational worth of proposed dams.
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RAWLS, REBECCA. "Computer Method Improves Estimates of Molecular Properties." Chemical & Engineering News 64, no. 26 (June 30, 1986): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v064n026.p015.
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de Wilde, Ari. "Major Taylor in Australia." Journal of Sport History 39, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.39.2.345.
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Xu, X., V. Rudolph, and P. F. Greenfield. "Landfill Gas Utilisation Trends in Australia." Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing 5, no. 1-2 (May 15, 2008): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.5500050212.
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Hindmarsh, Diane, and David Steel. "Estimating the RMSE of Small Area Estimates without the Tears." Stats 4, no. 4 (November 17, 2021): 931–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats4040054.
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Small area estimation (SAE) methods can provide information that conventional direct survey estimation methods cannot. The use of small area estimates based on linear and generalized linear mixed models is still very limited, possibly because of the perceived complexity of estimating the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the estimates. This paper outlines a study used to determine the conditions under which the estimated RMSEs, produced as part of statistical output (‘plug-in’ estimates of RMSEs) could be considered appropriate for a practical application of SAE methods where one of the main requirements was to use SAS software. We first show that the estimated RMSEs created using an EBLUP model in SAS and those obtained using a parametric bootstrap are similar to the published estimated RMSEs for the corn data in the seminal paper by Battese, Harter and Fuller. We then compare plug-in estimates of RMSEs from SAS procedures used to create EBLUP and EBP estimators against estimates of RMSEs obtained from a parametric bootstrap. For this comparison we created estimates of current smoking in males for 153 local government areas (LGAs) using data from the NSW Population Health Survey in Australia. Demographic variables from the survey data were included as covariates, with LGA-level population proportions, obtained mainly from the Australian Census used for prediction. For the EBLUP, the estimated plug-in estimates of RMSEs can be used, provided the sample size for the small area is more than seven. For the EBP, the plug-in estimates of RMSEs are suitable for all in-sample areas; out-of-sample areas need to use estimated RMSEs that use the parametric bootstrap.
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Liu, Yuchen, Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia, and Aloke Phatak. "Evaluating the Accuracy of Bluetooth-Based Travel Time on Arterial Roads: A Case Study of Perth, Western Australia." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (February 21, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9541234.
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Bluetooth (BT) time-stamped media access control (MAC) address data have been used for traffic studies worldwide. Although Bluetooth (BT) technology has been widely recognised as an effective, low-cost traffic data source in freeway traffic contexts, it is still unclear whether BT technology can provide accurate travel time (TT) information in complex urban traffic environments. Therefore, this empirical study aims to systematically evaluate the accuracy of BT travel time estimates in urban arterial contexts. There are two major hurdles to deriving accurate TT information for arterial roads: the multiple detection problem and noise in BT estimates. To date, they have not been fully investigated, nor have well-accepted solutions been found. Using approximately two million records of BT time-stamped MAC address data from twenty weekdays, this study uses five different BT TT-matching methods to investigate and quantify the impact of multiple detection problems and the noise in BT TT estimates on the accuracy of average BT travel times. Our work shows that accurate Bluetooth-based travel time information on signalised arterial roads can be derived if an appropriate matching method can be selected to smooth out the remaining noise in the filtered travel time estimates. Overall, average-to-average and last-to-last matching methods are best for long (>1 km) and short (≤1 km) signalised arterial road segments, respectively. Furthermore, our results show that the differences between BT and ground truth average TTs or speeds are systematic, and adding a calibration is a pragmatic method to correct inaccurate BT average TTs or speeds. The results of this research can help researchers and road operators to better understand BT technology for TT analysis and consequently to optimise the deployment location and configuration of BT MAC address scanners.
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Ollier, Cliff. "Sea level and the carbonate sand factory of South Australia." Energy & Environment 28, no. 3 (December 12, 2016): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x16683079.
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Stable parts of the South Australia coast show that the last interglacial sea level was 2 m higher than present, but elsewhere there has been relative subsidence up to 7 m and uplift of 18 m. Estimates of changing sea level, and future projections, should state the time period involved and the tectonic background to be of any use. The coast contains ‘carbonate sand factories’ where organisms produce vast amounts of sand by fixing carbon dioxide as carbonates. Far from dissolving carbonate by acidification, carbon dioxide is an essential part of carbonate production and the continued maintenance and growth of coasts and reefs. Government policies to adapt renewable energy are unlikely to affect the system.
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Rabinovich, V. A., and Yu E. Sheludyak. "Recent theoretical estimates of the critical exponents." Journal of Engineering Physics 51, no. 5 (November 1986): 1296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00870684.
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Kostich, Mitchell S., Robert W. Flick, Angela L. Batt, Heath E. Mash, J. Scott Boone, Edward T. Furlong, Dana W. Kolpin, and Susan T. Glassmeyer. "Aquatic concentrations of chemical analytes compared to ecotoxicity estimates." Science of The Total Environment 579 (February 2017): 1649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.234.
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HILEMAN, BETTE. "Panel Criticizes EPA's Cancer Risk Estimates For Dioxins." Chemical & Engineering News 78, no. 33 (August 14, 2000): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n033.p031.
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TREMBLAY, JEAN-FRANÇOIS. "Chem Systems revises estimates of Asian polymer demand." Chemical & Engineering News 76, no. 14 (April 6, 1998): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v076n014.p024.
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Cook, Garry D., and Michael J. Nicholls. "Estimation of Tropical Cyclone Wind Hazard for Darwin: Comparison with Two Other Locations and the Australian Wind-Loading Code." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 48, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 2331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jamc2013.1.
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Abstract The passage of three Australian Category 5 cyclones within 350 km of Darwin (Northern Territory), Australia, during the last decade indicates that that city should have a high wind hazard. In this paper, the wind hazard for Darwin was compared with that for Port Hedland (Western Australia) and Townsville (Queensland) using data from a coupled ocean–atmosphere simulation model and from historical and satellite-era records of tropical cyclones. According to the authoritative statement on wind hazard in Australia, Darwin’s wind hazard is the same as Townsville’s but both locations’ hazards are much less than that of Port Hedland. However, three different estimates in this study indicate that Darwin’s wind hazard at the long return periods relevant to engineering requirements is higher than for both Port Hedland and Townsville. The discrepancy with previous studies may result from the inadequate cyclone records in the low-latitude north of Australia, from accumulated errors from estimates of wind speeds from wind fields and wind–pressure relationships, and from inappropriate extrapolations of short-period records based on assumed probability distributions. It is concluded that the current wind-hazard zoning of northern Australia seriously underestimates the hazard near Darwin and that coupled ocean–atmosphere simulation models could contribute to its revision.
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Cartwright, Ian. "Implications of variations in stream specific conductivity for estimating baseflow using chemical mass balance and calibrated hydrograph techniques." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-183-2022.
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Abstract. Baseflow to rivers comprises regional groundwater and lower-salinity intermediate water stores such as interflow, soil water, and bank return flows. Chemical mass balance (CMB) calculations based on the specific conductivity (SC) of rivers potentially estimate the groundwater contribution to baseflow. This study discusses the application of the CMB approach in rivers from south-eastern Australia and assesses the feasibility of calibrating recursive digital filters (RDFs) and sliding minima (SM) techniques based on streamflow data to estimate groundwater inflows. The common strategy of assigning the SC of groundwater inflows based on the highest annual river SC may not always be valid due to the persistent presence of lower-salinity intermediate waters. Rather, using the river SC from low-flow periods during drought years may be more realistic. If that is the case, the estimated groundwater inflows may be lower than expected, which has implications for assessing contaminant transport and the impacts of near-river groundwater extraction. Probably due to long-term variations in the proportion of groundwater in baseflow, the RDF and SM techniques cannot generally be calibrated using the CMB results to estimate annual baseflow proportions. Thus, it is not possible to extend the estimates of groundwater inflows using those methods, although in some catchments reasonable estimates of groundwater inflows can be made from annual streamflows. Short-term variations in the composition of baseflow also lead to baseflow estimates made using the CMB method being far more irregular than expected. This study illustrates that estimating baseflow, especially groundwater inflows, is not straightforward.
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Emmerson, Kathryn M., Martin E. Cope, Ian E. Galbally, Sunhee Lee, and Peter F. Nelson. "Isoprene and monoterpene emissions in south-east Australia: comparison of a multi-layer canopy model with MEGAN and with atmospheric observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 10 (May 31, 2018): 7539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7539-2018.
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Abstract. One of the key challenges in atmospheric chemistry is to reduce the uncertainty of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission estimates from vegetation to the atmosphere. In Australia, eucalypt trees are a primary source of biogenic emissions, but their contribution to Australian air sheds is poorly quantified. The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) has performed poorly against Australian isoprene and monoterpene observations. Finding reasons for the MEGAN discrepancies and strengthening our understanding of biogenic emissions in this region is our focus. We compare MEGAN to the locally produced Australian Biogenic Canopy and Grass Emissions Model (ABCGEM), to identify the uncertainties associated with the emission estimates and the data requirements necessary to improve isoprene and monoterpene emissions estimates for the application of MEGAN in Australia. Previously unpublished, ABCGEM is applied as an online biogenic emissions inventory to model BVOCs in the air shed overlaying Sydney, Australia. The two models use the same meteorological inputs and chemical mechanism, but independent inputs of leaf area index (LAI), plant functional type (PFT) and emission factors. We find that LAI, a proxy for leaf biomass, has a small role in spatial, temporal and inter-model biogenic emission variability, particularly in urban areas for ABCGEM. After removing LAI as the source of the differences, we found large differences in the emission activity function for monoterpenes. In MEGAN monoterpenes are partially light dependent, reducing their dependence on temperature. In ABCGEM monoterpenes are not light dependent, meaning they continue to be emitted at high rates during hot summer days, and at night. When the light dependence of monoterpenes is switched off in MEGAN, night-time emissions increase by 90–100 % improving the comparison with observations, suggesting the possibility that monoterpenes emitted from Australian vegetation may not be as light dependent as vegetation globally. Targeted measurements of emissions from in situ Australian vegetation, particularly of the light dependence issue are critical to improving MEGAN for one of the world's major biogenic emitting regions.
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Cartwright, I., B. Gilfedder, and H. Hofmann. "Contrasts between estimates of baseflow help discern multiple sources of water contributing to rivers." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 1 (January 3, 2014): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-15-2014.
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Abstract. This study compares baseflow estimates using chemical mass balance, local minimum methods, and recursive digital filters in the upper reaches of the Barwon River, southeast Australia. During the early stages of high-discharge events, the chemical mass balance overestimates groundwater inflows, probably due to flushing of saline water from wetlands and marshes, soils, or the unsaturated zone. Overall, however, estimates of baseflow from the local minimum and recursive digital filters are higher than those based on chemical mass balance using Cl calculated from continuous electrical conductivity measurements. Between 2001 and 2011, the baseflow contribution to the upper Barwon River calculated using chemical mass balance is between 12 and 25% of the annual discharge with a net baseflow contribution of 16% of total discharge. Recursive digital filters predict higher baseflow contributions of 19 to 52% of discharge annually with a net baseflow contribution between 2001 and 2011 of 35% of total discharge. These estimates are similar to those from the local minimum method (16 to 45% of annual discharge and 26% of total discharge). These differences most probably reflect how the different techniques characterise baseflow. The local minimum and recursive digital filters probably aggregate much of the water from delayed sources as baseflow. However, as many delayed transient water stores (such as bank return flow, floodplain storage, or interflow) are likely to be geochemically similar to surface runoff, chemical mass balance calculations aggregate them with the surface runoff component. The difference between the estimates is greatest following periods of high discharge in winter, implying that these transient stores of water feed the river for several weeks to months at that time. Cl vs. discharge variations during individual flow events also demonstrate that inflows of high-salinity older water occurs on the rising limbs of hydrographs followed by inflows of low-salinity water from the transient stores as discharge falls. The joint use of complementary techniques allows a better understanding of the different components of water that contribute to river flow, which is important for the management and protection of water resources.
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Emodi, Nnaemeka Vincent, Taha Chaiechi, and ABM Rabiul Alam Beg. "The impact of climate change on electricity demand in Australia." Energy & Environment 29, no. 7 (May 15, 2018): 1263–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18776538.
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This study estimates the short- and long-term impacts of climate change on electricity demand in Australia. We used an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with monthly data from 1999 to 2014 for six Australian states and one territory. The results reveal significant variations in electricity demand. We then used long-term coefficients for climatic response to simulate future electricity demand using four scenarios based on the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Our results show a gradual increase in electricity consumption due to warmer temperatures with the possibility of peak demand in winter; however, demand tends to decrease in the middle of the twenty-first century across the RCPs, while the summer peak load increases by the end of the century. Finally, we simulated the impact of policy uncertainty through sensitivity analysis and confirmed the potential benefits of climate change adaptation and mitigation.
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Pattiaratchi, Charitha, Yasha Hetzel, and Ivica Janekovic. "PREDICTING EXTREME WATER LEVELS AROUND AUSTRALIA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.currents.7.
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Throughout history, coastal settlers have had to adapt to periodic coastal flooding. However, as a society we have become increasingly vulnerable to extreme water level events as our cities and our patterns of coastal development become more intricate, populated and interdependent. In addition to this, there is now a real and growing concern about rising sea levels. Accurate estimates of extreme water levels are therefore critical for coastal planning and emergency planning and response. The occurrence of extreme water levels along low-lying, highly populated and/or developed coastlines can lead to considerable loss of life and billions of dollars of damage to coastal infrastructure. Therefore, it is vitally important that the exceedance probabilities of extreme water levels be accurately evaluated to inform risk-based flood management, engineering and future land-use planning. This objectives of this study was to estimate present day extreme sea level exceedance probabilities due to combination of storm surges, tides and mean sea level (including wind-waves) around the coastline of Australia.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/vGaB85VRujs
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Virkler, Mark R., and Rajesh Balasubramanian. "Flow Characteristics on Shared Hiking/Biking/Jogging Trails." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1636, no. 1 (January 1998): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1636-07.
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Trails shared by hikers, bicyclists, and joggers present the unusual traffic flow situation of a facility serving three classes of users with distinctly different flow characteristics. Data on typical trail volumes are summarized. A procedure developed by Botma to describe quality of flow on shared pedestrian/bicycle paths is then discussed. Data from two sites, the MKT Trail in Columbia, Missouri, and a riverside trail in Brisbane, Australia, were collected to describe speed and passing time characteristics on shared trails. The frequency of desired overtakings (passes) and potential conflicts on trails are estimated based on measured speeds and passing times using basic relationships of traffic flow theory. These estimates are then compared with measured values of overtaking frequency and delayed overtakings. The estimates for passing demand and potential conflicts were higher than the measured values for hikers passing hikers and joggers passing hikers. However, estimates for bike passing bike, bike passing jogger, bike passing hiker, and jogger passing jogger were found to be similar to the measured values. The results support the Botma framework for describing quality of flow on shared pedestrian/bicycle paths.
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Haverkamp, R. G. "A Decade of Nanoparticle Research in Australia and New Zealand." Particulate Science and Technology 28, no. 1 (January 26, 2010): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726350903405387.
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Adams, N. R. "Clover phytoestrogens in sheep in Western Australia." Pure and Applied Chemistry 70, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 1855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199870091855.
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Scott, Janet L., Colin L. Raston, Christopher R. Strauss, and W. Roy Jackson. "Centre for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Australia." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173081251.
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The Centre for Green Chemistry is an Australian Research Council (ARC) Special Research Centre (SRC), located at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. SRCs are funded by the Australian federal government, via the vehicle of the ARC, with the express goal of supporting excellent basic research and research training that has strong international links. The goal of the center is to provide a fundamental scientific base for future green chemical technology, identifying niche areas in the Australian context and beyond. Establishment of this SRC and its modus operandi are discussed.
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VOITH, MELODY. "RECOVERY Lubrizol and Solutia see sales boost, raise earnings estimates." Chemical & Engineering News 87, no. 38 (September 21, 2009): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v087n038.p011a.
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Evans, Gareth J. "Energy policy in Australia." Fuel 65, no. 12 (December 1986): 1628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(86)90259-0.
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Potgieter, A. B., A. Apan, G. Hammer, and P. Dunn. "Early-season crop area estimates for winter crops in NE Australia using MODIS satellite imagery." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 65, no. 4 (July 2010): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.04.004.
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Lothian, Sarah Louise. "Australia at the bbnj Negotiations and Its Potential Role in the Concluding Stages." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-07010002.
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Abstract This article examines the role of Australia in the negotiations towards an International Legally Binding Instrument (ilbi) for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (bbnj). As Australia was among the more influential players at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (unclos iii) and was instrumental in finding practical and effective compromise solutions, this article argues that Australia is ideally placed to take on a similar leadership role in the bbnj negotiations, particularly now that the process has reached its tail-end. This article revisits Australia’s significant contribution in the early phases of bbnj discussions and then traces Australia’s involvement and engagement with ilbi negotiations to date. This article also undertakes a historical analysis of Australia’s participation at unclos iii to outline the critical roles it played and to draw out certain lessons from that experience that may be relevant in the bbnj context.
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Cartwright, I., B. Gilfedder, and H. Hofmann. "Contrasts between chemical and physical estimates of baseflow help discern multiple sources of water contributing to rivers." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2013): 5943–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-5943-2013.
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Abstract. This study compares geochemical and physical methods of estimating baseflow in the upper reaches of the Barwon River, southeast Australia. Estimates of baseflow from physical techniques such as local minima and recursive digital filters are higher than those based on chemical mass balance using continuous electrical conductivity (EC). Between 2001 and 2011 the baseflow flux calculated using chemical mass balance is between 1.8 × 103 and 1.5 × 104 ML yr−1 (15 to 25% of the total discharge in any one year) whereas recursive digital filters yield baseflow fluxes of 3.6 × 103 to 3.8 × 104 ML yr−1 (19 to 52% of discharge) and the local minimum method yields baseflow fluxes of 3.2 × 103 to 2.5 × 104 ML yr−1 (13 to 44% of discharge). These differences most probably reflect how the different techniques characterise baseflow. Physical methods probably aggregate much of the water from delayed sources as baseflow. However, as many delayed transient water stores (such as bank return flow or floodplain storage) are likely to be geochemically similar to surface runoff, chemical mass balance calculations aggregate them with the surface runoff component. The mismatch between geochemical and physical estimates is greatest following periods of high discharge in winter, implying that these transient stores of water feed the river for several weeks to months. Consistent with these interpretations, modelling of bank storage indicates that bank return flows provide water to the river for several weeks after flood events. EC vs. discharge variations during individual flow events also imply that an inflow of low EC water stored within the banks or on the floodplain occurs as discharge falls. The joint use of physical and geochemical techniques allows a better understanding of the different components of water that contribute to river flow, which is important for the management and protection of water resources.
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Kailasanath, K., and G. Patnaik. "Performance estimates of pulsed detonation engines." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 28, no. 1 (January 2000): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(00)80259-3.
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Wijesundera, Chakra, Amy Richards, and Claudio Ceccato. "Industrially Produced trans Fat in Foods in Australia." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 84, no. 5 (April 3, 2007): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-007-1053-5.
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Bowman, K. W., D. Jones, J. Logan, H. Worden, F. Boersma, R. Chang, S. Kulawik, G. Osterman, and J. Worden. "Impact of surface emissions to the zonal variability of tropical tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide for november 2004." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 29, 2008): 1505–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-1505-2008.
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Abstract. The chemical and dynamical processes governing the zonal variability of tropical tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide are investigated for November 2004 using satellite observations, in-situ measurements, and chemical transport models in conjunction with inverse-estimated surface emissions. Vertical ozone profile estimates from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and ozone sonde measurements from the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) network show the so-called zonal "wave-one" pattern, which is characterized by peak ozone concentrations (70–80 ppb) centered over the Atlantic, as well as elevated concentrations of ozone over Indonesia and Australia (60–70 ppb) in the lower troposphere. Observational evidence from TES CO vertical profiles and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 columns point to regional surface emissions as an important contributor to the elevated ozone over Indonesia. This contribution is investigated with the GEOS-Chem chemistry and transport model using surface emission estimates derived from an optimal inverse model, which was constrained by TES and Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) CO profiles (Jones et al., 2007). These a posteriori estimates, which were over a factor of 2 greater than climatological emissions, reduced differences between GEOS-Chem and TES ozone observations by 30–40% and led to changes in GEOS-Chem upper tropospheric ozone of up to 40% over Indonesia. The remaining residual differences can be explained in part by upper tropospheric ozone produced from lightning NOx in the South Atlantic. Furthermore, model simulations from GEOS-Chem indicate that ozone over Indonesian/Australian is more sensitive to changes in surface emissions of NOx than ozone over the tropical Atlantic.