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Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical engineering Australia Estimates'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical engineering Australia Estimates"

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Hannah, Griffiths, and N. Carr Amanda (Mandi). "Potential for silvopastoral systems to control nematode burden in livestock farming in winter rainfall areas of South Australia, Australia." International Journal of Veterinary Science and Research 8, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000124.

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Gastrointestinal nematode infections cause significant production losses in ruminants. In southern Australia, the estimated annual cost of internal parasites in sheep, cattle and goats are $436million, $82m and $2.54m, respectively. An over-reliance on anthelmintic treatments has resulted in anthelmintic resistance becoming an increasing concern for producers. Reducing the need for chemical anthelmintics is desirable to lower producer costs and limit the development of anthelmintic resistance. Condensed tannins found in many trees and forages are a plant secondary compound receiving considerable interest as an alternative anthelmintic strategy. Direct anthelmintic effects from condensed tannins are associated with the binding of larval proteins; slowing egg hatching, larval development and exsheathment. Indirect effects are associated with improvements to protein metabolism and immune function within the animal. Several native Australian tree extracts have demonstrated anthelmintic properties, but further research is required to assess their suitability for silvopastoral systems in South Australia.
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Profaiser, Andrea, Woei Saw, Graham J. Nathan, and Philip Ingenhoven. "Bottom-Up Estimates of the Cost of Supplying High-Temperature Industrial Process Heat from Intermittent Renewable Electricity and Thermal Energy Storage in Australia." Processes 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061070.

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We report the upper and lower bounds for the levelized cost of high-temperature industrial process heat, supplied from electricity generated with solar-photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines in combination with either thermal or electric battery storage using hourly typical meteorological year (TMY) data, in systems sized to supply between 80% and 100% of continuous thermal demand at a site in the northern part of Western Australia. The system is chosen to supply high-temperature air as the heat transfer media at temperatures of 1000 °C, which is a typical temperature for an alumina or a lime calcination plant. A simplified model of the electrical energy plant has been developed using performance characteristics of real PV and wind systems and TMY data of renewable energy resources. This was used to simulate a large sample of possible system configurations and find the optimal combination of the renewable resources and storage systems, sized to provide renewable shares (RES) of between 80% and 100% of the yearly demand. This allowed the upper and lower bounds to be determined for the cost of heat based on two scenarios in which the excess energy is either dumped (upper bound) or exported to the electricity grid (lower bound) at the average generating cost. The lower bound of the levelized cost of energy (LCOEL), which occurs for the system employing thermal storage, was estimated to range from USD 10/GJ to USD 24/GJ for RES from 80 to 100%. The corresponding upper bound (LCOEU), also estimated for the system using thermal storage, are between USD 16/GJ and USD 31/GJ, for RES between 80% and 100%. The utilization of electric battery storage instead of thermal storage was found to increase the LCOE values by a factor of two to four depending on the share of renewable energy. Compared with current Australian natural gas cost, none of the systems assessed configurations is economical without either a cost for CO2 emissions or a premium for low-carbon products. The estimated cost for CO2 emission that is needed to reach parity with current natural gas prices in Australia is also presented.
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Tinggi, Ujang, Niikee Schoendorfer, Peter S. W. Davies, Pieter Scheelings, and Henry Olszowy. "Determination of iodine in selected foods and diets by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-08-03.

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Iodine is an essential trace element, and its deficiency has caused concern in many countries. Foods are the principal source of iodine, and its levels are generally low. In this study, selected food items were obtained from food market outlets in Brisbane, Australia. Food samples of dietary intakes of selected healthy children in Brisbane, Australia, were also collected for analysis and assessment of iodine nutritional status. In Australia, there has been little study on iodine dietary intakes, particularly in young children. The aims of this study were to provide further information on iodine levels in foods for Australian food composition data, and to estimate the iodine daily intakes of selected healthy children. Food samples were analyzed for iodine concentrations using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after alkaline digestion with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), and the method was validated using a certified reference material of nonfat milk (NIST, SRM 1549). The results of this study indicated a wide variation of iodine in foodstuffs, which ranged from <0.02 to 0.101 mg/kg for cereals, 87 to 299 μg/kg for milk, and 86 to 271 μg/kg for cheese products. The study also showed that the daily intakes of iodine in these children (n= 15) varied widely and ranged from 36.9 to 288.1 μg/day (mean ± s.d, 93.1 ± 76.7 μg/day).
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Northcott, I. W., and R. C. M. McDonough. "TARDIS: A COMPUTER MODEL TO PREDICT FUTURE GAS SUPPLY." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88007.

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Because much of South Australia's electricity is gas- generated the future supply of gas from the Cooper Basin is the central issue in the state's energy planning. Available proven reserves of gas are only sufficient to meet the state's demand until the early 1990s.The TARDIS computer program has therefore been written to enable production scheduling of proved and probable gas reserves and, by using historically derived discovery- rate algorithms, to calculate the exploration- drilling effort necessary to meet future gas supply requirements.The mandatory requirement was that the program should complete a simulation within several minutes. This necessitated the decomposition of complex engineering procedures to a simple level without unacceptable loss of accuracy.TARDIS simulates a network of discovered and undiscovered fields which may be allocated to four zones. The fields supply a defined gas market via a processing plant. Appraisal drilling in zones one and three converts estimates of possible gas- in- place into the proved and probable category after allowance for risk. Exploration drilling in zones two and four predicts the discovery of additional reserves using an algorithm, calibrated by historical data, based on the observation that field size decreases as cumulative drilling effort increases.Fields are scheduled in development priority and sufficient fields are brought on line to satisfy a defined gas market. The required number of on- line fields is determined by the cumulative field deliverability and the peak day gas demand. As each field comes on line development wells are drilled until the field is fully developed.A processing plant is simulated to produce sales gas which is within the required specification for chemical composition. The quantity of each of the ancillary gaseous and liquid products is also computed.Data entry and graphical display of results is processed with a spreadsheet and the program runs on a personal computer.TARDIS enables an assessment of whether the current and forecast drilling effort is likely to discover sufficient reserves to satisfy the market. It has proved an invaluable tool in investigating future gas- supply options for South Australia.
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Fuentes, Sigfredo, Claudia Gonzalez Viejo, Chelsea Hall, Yidan Tang, and Eden Tongson. "Berry Cell Vitality Assessment and the Effect on Wine Sensory Traits Based on Chemical Fingerprinting, Canopy Architecture and Machine Learning Modelling." Sensors 21, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 7312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217312.

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Berry cell death assessment can become one of the most objective parameters to assess important berry quality traits, such as aroma profiles that can be passed to the wine in the winemaking process. At the moment, the only practical tool to assess berry cell death in the field is using portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and machine learning (ML) models. This research tested the NIR and ML approach and developed supervised regression ML models using Shiraz and Chardonnay berries and wines from a vineyard located in Yarra Valley, Victoria, Australia. An ML model was developed using NIR measurements from intact berries as inputs to estimate berry cell death (BCD), living tissue (LT) (Model 1). Furthermore, canopy architecture parameters obtained from cover photography of grapevine canopies and computer vision analysis were also tested as inputs to develop ML models to assess BCD and LT (Model 2) and the intensity of sensory descriptors based on visual and aroma profiles of wines for Chardonnay (Model 3) and Shiraz (Model 4). The results showed high accuracy and performance of models developed based on correlation coefficient (R) and slope (b) (M1: R = 0.87; b = 0.82; M2: R = 0.98; b = 0.93; M3: R = 0.99; b = 0.99; M4: R = 0.99; b = 1.00). Models developed based on canopy architecture, and computer vision can be used to automatically estimate the vigor and berry and wine quality traits using proximal remote sensing and with visible cameras as the payload of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).
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Minh, Chanh Cao, Greg Gubelin, Raghu Ramamoorthy, and Stuart McGeoch. "Sonic-Magnetic Resonance Method: A Sourceless Porosity Evaluation in Gas-Bearing Reservoirs." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 4, no. 03 (June 1, 2001): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/72180-pa.

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Summary For environmental reasons, there are times when the use of radioactive chemical sources for density and neutron logging is not possible. The inability to use these logging tools seriously affects porosity determination in gas-bearing reservoirs. Several tools, such as the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool, the sonic tool, or a minitron-based tool, determine porosity without using a radioactive source. These tools, however, are influenced by many effects and, when used alone, cannot deliver an accurate gas-independent porosity. A new methodology that combines sonic and NMR logs for improved porosity evaluation in gas-bearing reservoirs is proposed. The first variant of the method uses the sonic compressional transit time and the total NMR porosity (ft, NMR) to determine the total porosity, corrected for the gas effect, and the flushed-zone gas saturation. In this approach, a linear time-averaged equation corrected for compaction is applied to the sonic compressional log. The simplicity of the solution, much like the previously published DMR1 Density-Magnetic Resonance Interpretation Method, allows fast, easy computation and a complete error analysis to assess the quality of the results. In the second variant of the method, we show that the rigorous Gassman equation has a very similar response to the Raymer-Hunt-Gardner (RHG) equation for a water/gas mixture. This allows substitution of the complex Gassman equation by the much simpler RHG equation in the combined sonic-NMR (SMR) technique to estimate total porosity and flushed-zone gas saturation in gas-bearing formations. Both techniques are successfully applied to an offshore gas well in Australia. In this well, the porosity in the well-compacted sands is in the 20 to 25 p.u. range and the compaction factor is approximately 0.77. The sonic-magnetic resonance results compared favorably to the established density-magnetic resonance results and also to core data. In another offshore gas well from the North Sea, the porosity in the highly uncompacted sands is in the 35 to 40 p.u. range, and the compaction factor is around 1.85. Both SMR techniques were able to produce a very good porosity estimate comparable to that estimated from the density-neutron logs. Introduction Many authors have discussed the applications of sonic logs in gas-bearing formations.2–4 Stand-alone sonic techniques that use Wyllie's equation or the RHG equation are based on empirical observations of water-saturated samples that are extended to water/gas mixtures.5,6 Stand-alone sonic techniques that involve the Gassman theory are generally too complex for the petrophysicist to consider the effects of many sonic moduli parameters that must be determined to solve for porosity.7–9 Other authors have discussed the applications of NMR logs in gas-bearing formations.10,11 Porosity logs derived from NMR alone suffer from the low hydrogen index of the gas and the long T1 polarization time of the gas when the data is acquired with insufficient wait time. To provide a robust estimate of total porosity in gas-bearing formations, a combined density-NMR technique has been proposed. However, density logging uses a radioactive chemical source, and in certain sensitive environments, it is not used because the radioactive source might be lost in the hole. The sonic-magnetic resonance technique has been developed to provide an accurate porosity in these situations. This paper will demonstrate the following:The Gassman and RHG methods predict very similar sonic responses.Both Gassman and RHG sonic porosities are quite insensitive to fluid type, and hence to water saturation.The solution of the Gassman approach is more complex, requiring five parameters compared to only one for the RHG method (RHG is, therefore, more practical).Combining ft, NMR and RHG provides a good estimate of porosity in gas-bearing formations.Combining ft, NMR and a modified Wyllie scheme gives a simple analytic solution analogous to the DMR method.Gas-corrected porosity could be estimated at the wellsite by rescaling the sonic log. The ft, NMR/RHG and ft, NMR/Wyllie schemes are applied to two field examples. The results are compared to those from DMR, to core data in the first well, and to density/neutron analysis in the second well. Sonic Porosity Equations The three methods (in order of increasing complexity) used to compute sonic porosity from the compressional slowness are based on the Wyllie, RHG, and Gassman formulas. In this section, each approach is analyzed, and the predictions from each are compared with the others. Wyllie Method. The Wyllie equation is Equation 1 Eq. 1 can be rearranged intoEquation 2a withEquation 2b In these equations, f=porosity, ?tc=the sonic compressional slowness, ?tma=the matrix compressional slowness, ?tf=the fluid compressional slowness, and Cp=the compaction factor needed to correct the sonic porosity to the true porosity.
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Mohajerani, Abbas, Aruna Ukwatta, Tristan Jeffrey-Bailey, Michael Swaney, Mohtashim Ahmed, Glen Rodwell, Simon Bartolo, Nicky Eshtiaghi, and Sujeeva Setunge. "A Proposal for Recycling the World’s Unused Stockpiles of Treated Wastewater Sludge (Biosolids) in Fired-Clay Bricks." Buildings 9, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9010014.

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Millions of tonnes of leftover biosolids are increasingly stockpiled every year around the globe. Biosolids are a product of the wastewater sludge treatment process. Stockpiles necessitate the use of large areas of increasingly valuable land. Biosolids have many beneficial uses and are currently utilised in agricultural and land rehabilitation applications. However, it is estimated that 30% of biosolids are unused and stockpiled. A second and seemingly unrelated environmental issue is the massive excavation of virgin soil for brick production. The annual production of 1500 billion bricks globally requires over 3.13 billion cubic metres of clay soil—equivalent to over 1000 soccer fields dug 440 m deep or to a depth greater than three times the height of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. This paper investigates and proposes a practical solution for the utilisation of the world’s excess biosolids in fired–clay bricks. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of fired–clay bricks incorporating 25%, 20%, 15% and 10% biosolids have been tested. Bricks were produced from three different biosolids samples collected at Melbourne’s Eastern Treatment Plant (ETP 22) and the Western Treatment Plant (WTP 10 & WTP 17–29). Compressive strength testing indicated results ranging between 35.5 MPa and 12.04 MPa for the biosolids-amended bricks. Leachate analysis was conducted on the bricks before and after firing, and the results demonstrate that between 43 and 99% of the heavy metals tested were immobilised inside the fired bricks compared to the heavy metals tested in the raw mixture. All leachate concentrations were found to be insignificant for the biosolids-incorporated bricks tested in this study. Biosolids can have significantly different chemical characteristics depending on the origin of the wastewater and the treatment procedure. Suitable leachate analysis should be undertaken on biosolids and test bricks before large-scale production is approved. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images illustrate that biosolids-amended bricks have a higher porosity than the control bricks, which corresponds to the lower thermal conductivity values recorded for biosolids-amended bricks. In addition, brick firing energy demands are estimated to decrease by up to 48.6% for bricks incorporating 25% WTP 17–29 biosolids due to the higher organic content of the mixture containing biosolids. The emissions study and comparative Life Cycle Assessment results show that the incorporation of biosolids into bricks is a positive and sustainable alternative approach with respect to all environmental impacts arising from the stockpiling of biosolids and brick manufacturing. Based on the results found in this comprehensive study, this paper proposes the inclusion of a minimum of 15% biosolids content into 15% of brick production in order to completely recycle all the approximately 5 million tonnes of annual leftover biosolids production in Australia, New Zealand, the EU, the USA and Canada. This is a practical and sustainable proposal for recycling all the leftover biosolids worldwide. Utilisation of only 15% of biosolids in brick production would reduce the carbon footprint of brick manufacturing whilst satisfying all the environmental and engineering requirements for bricks.
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Techera, Erika. "Australia." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-07010008.

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Emmerson, Kathryn M., Ian E. Galbally, Alex B. Guenther, Clare Paton-Walsh, Elise-Andree Guerette, Martin E. Cope, Melita D. Keywood, et al. "Current estimates of biogenic emissions from eucalypts uncertain for southeast Australia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 11 (June 8, 2016): 6997–7011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6997-2016.

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Abstract. The biogenic emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes are one of the main drivers of atmospheric photochemistry, including oxidant and secondary organic aerosol production. In this paper, the emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes from Australian vegetation are investigated for the first time using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGANv2.1); the CSIRO chemical transport model; and atmospheric observations of isoprene, monoterpenes and isoprene oxidation products (methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone). Observations from four field campaigns during three different seasons are used, covering urban, coastal suburban and inland forest areas. The observed concentrations of isoprene and monoterpenes were of a broadly similar magnitude, which may indicate that southeast Australia holds an unusual position where neither chemical species dominates. The model results overestimate the observed atmospheric concentrations of isoprene (up to a factor of 6) and underestimate the monoterpene concentrations (up to a factor of 4). This may occur because the emission rates currently used in MEGANv2.1 for Australia are drawn mainly from young eucalypt trees (< 7 years), which may emit more isoprene than adult trees. There is no single increase/decrease factor for the emissions which suits all seasons and conditions studied. There is a need for further field measurements of in situ isoprene and monoterpene emission fluxes in Australia.
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FREEMANTLE, MICHAEL. "IUPAC IN AUSTRALIA." Chemical & Engineering News 79, no. 34 (August 20, 2001): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n034.p036.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical engineering Australia Estimates"

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Courdin, Marie Claire. "Laboratory reactor design and the precision of parameter estimates." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7951.

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This study is concerned with investigating the dependence of the precision of estimated kinetic parameters on the type of reactor used for performing the kinetic measurements. Two ideal reactors, the plug-flow reactor (PFR) and the continuous-stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), were simulated using a Monte-Carlo computer simulation. Parameters were estimated using nonlinear multiresponse estimation techniques, and the distributional characteristics of the parameter estimates were calculated. Comparison between the reactors involved the study of overall measures of precision such as the size, shape and orientation of the 95% joint confidence region, and the determinant of the covariance matrix of the parameter estimates. Five variables were identified as having a possible affect on the precision: the nature of the reaction network, the kinetic model, the magnitudes of the rate parameters, the covariance structure of the responses, and the experimental design. The dependence of parameter precision on these variables is presented along with recommendations for determining the reactor type to give the most precise kinetic parameters.
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Man, Peter Lau Weilen. "Statistical methods for computing sensitivities and parameter estimates of population balance models." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608291.

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Clare, Steven S., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Optimising the antioxidant content of red wine." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Clare_S.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/569.

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The aim of the study presented in this thesis was to assess the impact of manipulations to red winemaking unit operations on the concentration of cis- and trans-resveratrol and resveratrol glucoside isomers in the resultant wines. An existing sensitive reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography 'RP-HPLC' method was optimised to detect these compounds in wine, which permitted excellent peak resolution. The influence of four fermentative yeast strains belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species on the content of these compounds in Vitis Vinifera L. cv. Shiraz grape musts during alcoholic fermentation was assessed.The influence of malo-lactic fermentation 'MLF' in Shiraz wine was assessed using three different commercial strains. The kinetics of extraction during extended maceration was studied over a period of 21 days.The effect of various pomace contacting maceration methods on the level of cis- and trans-resveratrol and resveratrol glucoside isomers was investigated in Vitus Vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape musts during alcoholic fermentation. The fate of resveratrol and piceid isomers in fortified red wine(port) was studied during the first six months of maturation in either glass or new oak vessels. The primary wine was derived from Shiraz concentrate. The various tests are discussed in detail and results given
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Hashtroudi, Hanie. "Using agricultural wastes to treat lead-contaminated water in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2086.

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Aqueous solutions are becoming increasingly contaminated in all parts of the world (2015). Heavy metals are toxic contaminants that are mainly distributed in urban stormwater run-off and industrial wastewaters as a result of some mining operations, electronic assembly planting, battery manufacturing, and etching operations (Kadirvelu et al. 2001). Pb (II) is a heavy metal that causes significant damage in the human body. Drinking lead-contaminated water even at low concentrations may cause lifethreatening conditions such as cancer, kidney damage, brain damage, and liver problems (El-Said 2010). Therefore, it is necessary to remove lead from aqueous solutions. Several conventional physical, chemical, and biological systems have been used to eliminate Pb (II) ions from contaminated aqueous solutions, including membrane filtration (Song et al. 2011), electrolysis (Deng et al. 2010), chemical precipitation (Cort 2005), magnetic base methods (Ma et al. 2017), water filtration (Gohari et al. 2013, Magni et al. 2015), and adsorption techniques (Pehlivan et al. 2009). However, the cost of some of the cited techniques is prohibitively high, while others cannot remove low Pb (II) ion concentrations efficiently (Babel and Kurniawan 2003, Volesky and Holan 1995). Although adsorption is a reasonable process for removing dissolved lead from contaminated water, the cost of using conventional media (e.g. activated carbon and resin) make it cost inhibitive for the treatment of large quantities of wastewater (Cutillas-Barreiro et al. 2016, Demirbas 2008). It also takes a long time in some cases to achieve adsorption equilibrium (Czinkota et al. 2002). In recent decades, interest in the use of cost-effective adsorbents to reduce the expense of water treatment processes has intensified. Attention has been focused on natural agricultural waste materials such as seeds (Gilbert et al. 2011), fruit peel (Mallampati et al. 2015), nut shells (Taşar et al. 2014) , crop residues (El-Said 2010), and fruit shells (Zein et al. 2010) as low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbents which are highly efficient and generally available in large quantities (Ibrahim et al. 2010). Against this backdrop, many agricultural residues are being produced every day, and they need to be managed. Using agricultural wastes to treat contaminated water is a low-cost and effective approach that deal with waste management and water treatment at the same time. This project describes an economically viable and practical way to utilize crop residues as adsorbents to remove toxic Pb (II) ions from lead-contaminated water. These agricultural waste adsorbents have a number of advantages; they are cheap and biodegradable, they have a porous surface, and are able to eliminate Pb (II) ions from contaminated water quickly and effectively. Therefore, in this research two Western Australian crop residues were used as adsorbents to eliminate lead ions from aqueous solutions. The study was carried out in four phases: the first phase involved the selection and preparation of different local Western Australian agricultural wastes. Lupin straw and canola stalk were collected from local farms and studied for their efficiency as two low-cost natural adsorbents that can remove dissolved Pb2+ ions from synthetic wastewater. In the second phase, experiments were carried out to understand the equilibria of Pb (II) adsorption onto adsorbents. The effect of various environmental conditions such as contact time, pH, initial adsorbent dosage and adsorbate concentration were investigated. The presence of different functional groups, chemical compositions, and the surface characteristics of the adsorbents were analysed in the third phase using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) devices. In the final phase, the obtained experimental data were validated using different isotherm models developed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Harkins-Jura, Redlich- Peterson and Halsey to describe the adsorption process based on the homogeneity of the surfaces of the adsorbents. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, Elovich, and fractional power kinetic models were utilized to investigate the dynamic mechanism of lead adsorption onto adsorbents over time.
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McLean, Kevin. "Obtaining the Best Model Predictions and Parameter Estimates Using Limited Data." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6757.

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Engineers who develop fundamental models for chemical processes are often unable to estimate all of the model parameters due to problems with parameter identifiability and estimability. The literature concerning these two concepts is reviewed and techniques for assessing parameter identifiability and estimability in nonlinear dynamic models are summarized. Modellers often face estimability problems when the available data are limited or noisy. In this situation, modellers must decide whether to conduct new experiments, change the model structure, or to estimate only a subset of the parameters and leave others at fixed values. Estimating only a subset of important model parameters is a technique often used by modellers who face estimability problems and it may lead to better model predictions with lower mean squared error (MSE) than the full model with all parameters estimated. Different methods in the literature for parameter subset selection are discussed and compared. An orthogonalization algorithm combined with a recent MSE-based criterion has been used successfully to rank parameters from most to least estimable and to determine the parameter subset that should be estimated to obtain the best predictions. In this work, this strategy is applied to a batch reactor model using additional data and results are compared with computationally-expensive leave-one-out cross-validation. A new simultaneous ranking and selection technique based on this MSE criterion is also described. Unfortunately, results from these parameter selection techniques are sensitive to the initial parameter values and the uncertainty factors used to calculate sensitivity coefficients. A robustness test is proposed and applied to assess the sensitivity of the selected parameter subset to the initial parameter guesses. The selected parameter subsets are compared with those selected using another MSE-based method proposed by Chu et al. (2009). The computational efforts of these methods are compared and recommendations are provided to modellers.
Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2011-09-27 10:52:31.588
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Agana, Bernard. "Factors required to enhance water recycling at two major Australian industrial manufacturing sites." Thesis, 2013. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/22349/.

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This study presents the application of an integrated water management strategy at two large Australian manufacturing companies that are contrasting in terms of their respective products and wastewater generation. The integrated strategy, consisting of water audit, pinch analysis and membrane process application, was deployed in series to systematically identify water conservation opportunities. Initially, a water audit was deployed to completely characterize all water streams found at each production site. This led to the development of a water balance diagram which, together with water test results, served as a basis for subsequent enquiry. After the water audit, commercially available water pinch software was utilized to identify possible water reuse opportunities, some of which were subsequently implemented on site. Finally, utilizing a laboratory-scale test rig, membrane processes such as UF, NF and RO were evaluated for their suitability to treat the various wastewater streams
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Kesieme, Uchenna K. "Mine waste water treatment and acid recovery using membrane distillation and solvent extraction." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/29810/.

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Waste waters produced and disposed of at modern mine sites are problematic because they contain hazardous substances (e.g. heavy metals, metalloids, acids, process chemicals), and therefore require treatment before disposing to the environment. Three different kinds of mine waters are identified depending on their chemical composition and pH. They are acidic mine waters, alkaline mine waters and neutral mine waters. Acidic mine waters are of interest because they have greater environmental hazards compared to others. Other acidic waste solutions also considered are waste streams from mineral processing plants and smelter sites. The current approaches to manage acidic waste solutions includes, neutralization, flocculation, filtration and bioremediation. However, acid and water recovery using current technologies has not proven to be viable as most of these processes fail to produce sufficient volume and quality of water whereas others do not provide the selectivity necessary to create valuable product streams suitable for recycle or re-use. In these processes, the by-product sludge can itself become a disposal problem. Therefore a novel approach to acid and water recovery are needed to improve the sustainability of the mining industry. The objective of this study is to explore the possibility for the novel combination of two technologies, membrane distillation (MD) and solvent extraction (SX) for water and acid recovery. The focus is the testing on acid and water recovery from industry spent acid streams and acidic mine wastes solutions and also modelling of the economic opportunities for MD to understand its cost sensitivities, in particular in the context of a carbon tax benchmarked against its more well-known application in seawater desalination.
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Books on the topic "Chemical engineering Australia Estimates"

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Chemical engineering economics. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989.

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Navarrete, Pablo F. Planning, estimating, and control of chemical construction projects. New York: M. Dekker, 1995.

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Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (23rd 1995 Adelaide, S. Aust.). CHEMECA '95: 23rd Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference proceedings : winning in world markets : Adelaide, South Australia, September 24-27, 1995. Barton, A.C.T: Institution of Engineers, Australia, 1995.

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Foundation, Hermon Slade Raiatea, ed. The polymer story: A family's journey in Australian chemical science. Mona Vale, NSW: Hermon Slade Raiatea Foundation, 2007.

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Perth), Chemica '94 (Chemical Engineering Conference) (1994. Chemica '94: Chemical Engineering Conference : process technology : Australia's opportunity : conference proceedings : 25-28 September 1994, Hyatt Regency, Perth, Western Australia. [S.l.]: [S.n.], 1994.

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Australasian Asian Pacific Conference on Aluminium Cast House Technology (8th 2003 Brisbane, Australia). Aluminium cast house technology: Eighth Australasian Conference [on] Aluminium Cast House Technology : this International Conference was supported by the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Melbourne, and was held during 14-17 September, 2003, at the Sheraton Hotel & Towers, Brisbane, Australia. Warrendale, Pa: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2003.

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Garrett, Donald E. Chemical Engineering Economics. Springer, 2012.

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Navarrete, Pablo F., and William C. Cole. Planning, Estimating, and Control of Chemical Construction Projects. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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Navarrete, Pablo F., and William C. Cole. Planning, Estimating and Control of Chemical Construction Projects. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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Navarrete, Pablo F., and William C. Cole. Planning, Estimating, and Control of Chemical Construction Projects. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical engineering Australia Estimates"

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Garrett, Donald E. "Plant Cost Estimates." In Chemical Engineering Economics, 22–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6544-0_3.

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Shi, Yingkun, and Ruili Xu. "Influence of terrains and weather on wildfires in Australia." In Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering Volume 1, 639–50. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003330165-93.

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Pandey, J. S. "Looking at Climate Change and its Socio-Economic and Ecological Implications through BGC (Bio-Geo-Chemical Cycle)-Lens: An ADAM (Accretion of Data and Modulation) and EVE (Environmentally Viable Engineering Estimates) Analysis." In Climate Change and Agriculture in India: Impact and Adaptation, 97–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90086-5_9.

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Ullrich, Christophe, Georges Heyen, and Carine Gerkens. "Variance of Estimates in Dynamic Data Reconciliation." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 357–62. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(09)70060-4.

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Hukkerikar, Amol, Mark Jones, Bent Sarup, Jens Abildskov, Gürkan Sin, and Rafiqul Gani. "Sensitivity of Process Design due to Uncertainties in Property Estimates." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 200–204. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-59507-2.50032-9.

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Yliruka, Maria, Norbert Asprion, Roger Böttcher, Johannes Höller, Patrick Schwartz, Jan Schwientek, and Michael Bortz. "Increasing the Reliability of Parameter Estimates by Iterative Model-based Design of Experiments Using a Flowsheet-Simulator." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 637–42. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818634-3.50107-7.

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van Dam, Koen H., Bowen Feng, Xiaonan Wang, Miao Guo, Nilay Shah, and Stephen Passmore. "Model-based decision-support for waste-to-energy pathways in New South Wales, Australia." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 1765–70. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818634-3.50295-2.

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Nejad, Hadis Z., and Reza Samizadeh. "Decision Support Model for Fire Insurance Risk Analysis in a Petrochemical Case Study." In Transportation Systems and Engineering, 990–1004. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8473-7.ch050.

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A decision support system was researched and applied to a case study in the petrochemical industry. The participants were an insurance company underwriting the policies of oil and gas refineries located in a major oil producing nation. The Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis methodology was applied as a framework to implement uncertainty quantification and risk analysis using a specialized commercial DSS software product. A gas vapor explosion was simulated at an oil refinery, to predict the fire and radiation damage. Costs and risks were entered into the model based on historical data. Loss estimates were generated for equipment and buildings located various distances (pressures) from the explosion origin. Overall, the DSS model predicted an expected loss of over $14,000,000 USD for equipment located in the 50 meter explosion radius, which represented a loss ratio of almost 52%. The losses predicted from the DSS model were comparable to the literature and to experiences of the case study company. The margin of error from the DSS model was less than ±5% which made it very reliable according to benchmarks.
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Wei, James. "Estimation by Associations and Trends." In Product Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159172.003.0011.

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Product engineers are often challenged to estimate: 1. the properties of new or obscure classes of material that have not been extensively studied before, or have never been made before; 2. the property changes on a material due to physical and chemical modifications; 3. the properties under a variety of ambient conditions, such as temperatures, pressures, electromagnetic fields, and prolonged environmental exposures and weathering. When theoretical understanding is insufficient and quantitative correlations are not available, we can often make useful qualitative estimations by using fragmentary empirical structure–property relations. The principal tools are observations of associations and trends, which are often the only methods available in biological, health, safety, and environmental properties. Association is based on analogy, or the probabilistic assumption that “similar substances have similar properties.” Does x◦, the material in question, resemble a known substance x1 or a class of substances {x1, x2, . . ., xi , . . .} that have known properties and structure? If we can find such a match, then we can use it to make qualitative property estimates for x◦.We know that metals are nearly always solids at room temperature, but mercury is an exception. Trend is based on the study of the variation of properties among the substances {x1, x2, . . ., xi, . . .} and how they depend on structure variations, which amounts to qualitative and empirical structure–property relations. For example, we know that a larger molecule tends to have higher melting and boiling points, but chlorobenzene has lower melting point than benzene. Thomas Midgley used qualitative trend analysis to help him to discover the chlorofluorocarbons as refrigerants. He did not have a well-organized database, nor did he have an established method of analysis and prediction, and his method was ad hoc and empirical. What he did know was that sulfur dioxide and ammonia were in use as refrigerants. He looked at the periodic table of nonmetallic elements and observed the trend that small compounds of these elements tend to become less flammable when we move from the left to the right of the table, which is certainly true in the sequence CH4, NH3, H2O, and HF.
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Verny, Jerome, Ouail Oulmakki, and Andrey Hernandez Meza. "Perspective Chapter: Gold Nanoparticles Market: A Global Overview and New Challenges in the Post-Pandemic Economy." In Gold Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Engineering [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107071.

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Colloidal gold (AuNP) is a molecule obtained from pure gold (Au), and has several uses in the health, industrial, and chemical sectors. There are several processes to generate it and these methods are perfected over time. However, colloidal gold manufacturers and their customers are dependent on the pure gold market, its disruptions, and fluctuations. This paper first shows that the gold market is currently unstable due to the existing pandemic and geopolitical conflicts. The main gold producers, China, Russia, and Australia, together account for more than a quarter of the world’s gold production, and only a few European countries produce gold in small quantities. Europe is therefore forced to import gold, including colloidal gold. Several innovations related to gold nanoparticles are emerging, notably in the miniaturization of industrial components or in the health sector during the pandemic. The objective of this chapter is therefore to understand the patterns into which these countries must fit to produce these particles and the economic, political, and scientific stakeholders involved in capturing these flows. Through the prism of the gold market, the electronics industry, and the health field, this chapter looks at these issues while putting into perspective the salient facts that could impact this market in the years to come.
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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical engineering Australia Estimates"

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McBride, Joseph J. "Limonene: A Versatile Chemical." In ASME 1990 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1990-3605.

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Following a brief review of the chemistry and properties of limonene as a chemical entity, d-limonene recovered as a by-product in the processing of citrus fruit is discussed in more detail. The largest use of d-limonene, the production of tackifying resins for the adhesive industry, is given special attention, although other important uses, such as in the synthesis of I-carvone, and in specialty solvents and cleaners are also discussed. d-Limonene’s price history is compared with those of its competitors in the resin market, piperylene and sulfate turpentine. Its current relative position in the large and growing market is explained and estimates of its future availability and potential use in the market are proposed. Paper published with permission.
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Tokimoto, Shintaro, and Kenneth Mercer. "Preliminary review of the geotechnical characteristics and shear strength estimates of small scale anisotropic waveform formations of the Pilbara, Western Australia." In 2013 International Symposium on Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1308_20_tokimoto_mercer.

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Alam, Firoz, and Reza N. Jazar. "An Experimental Study of Acid Exposed Fibre Reinforced Plastic Gratings." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64152.

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Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRPs) generally have greater advantages over conventional materials for their structural properties. However, the service life can significantly be shortened if the fibre reinforced plastics are exposed to adverse environmental conditions especially acid vapour, humidity and high temperature. In many chemical industrial plants in Australia and elsewhere fibre reinforced plastic gratings are used as structural components of stairs and passages where they are subjected to varying degrees of fluosilicic acid, a byproduct of the industrial manufacturing process. As currently no experimental data on the effects of fluosilicic acid on FRPs is available in the public domain, it is difficult to predict the service life of FRPs with some certainty. In order to understand the structural strength of fluosilicic acid exposed FRPs, an experimental study was undertaken. A series of specimens from various locations of a chemical plan in Australia were acquired and studied. Some new specimens (not exposed to acid, humidity and high temperature) were also studied to provide a benchmark for the comparison. The results indicated that the long time exposure to harsh environment and acid vapour can significantly deteriorate the flexural strength and service life of FRPs.
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Rodriguez M., Fernancelys. "Review of Chemical EOR Projects in Venezuela: From Light to Extra-Heavy Oil Reservoirs." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-63529.

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Abstract Venezuela is widely recognized as an oil producer country of great potential thanks to its huge hydrocarbon resources located in Eastern Venezuela and Maracaibo basins, comprising the largest oil reserves in the world, with around 302 billion barrels according to recent OPEC and EIA estimates [1]. Despite those immense hydrocarbon resources, oil production in Venezuela is a challenge in mature and waterflooded reservoirs, as well as in thin highly viscous oil reservoirs where thermal IOR/EOR methods are not technically and/or economically feasible. This is the case of many oil fields in Lake Maracaibo and in La Faja Petrolifera Del Orinoco (La FPO), where the application of Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR) methods is being envisaged with a view to increasing oil recovery factors. The objective of this article is to review most of the Venezuelan CEOR projects reported in the literature to identify the main insights/status of each reported project and its potentiality of application to increase oil recovery. A detailed description of each project and its main conclusions is given. According to this literature review, CEOR project evaluations for Venezuelan reservoirs have been performed mostly at laboratory and numerical simulation scales, including several pilot test designs. Only 2 executed pilot tests have been reported (ASP flooding at VLA-6/9/21 Field in Lake Maracaibo and polymer flooding at Petrocedeño Field in La FPO). Despite the encouraging results in terms of oil recovery at laboratory scale, the greatest challenges related to the application of CEOR methods in Venezuelan reservoirs are linked to technical and economic aspects (e.g. high adsorption/retention of chemicals, mobility control, complex emulsions, separation of phases, water treatments, costs of investment, oil prices, etc.).
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Wang, Yan. "Reliable Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation Based on Random Set Sampling." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48575.

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To simulate the dynamic behaviors of large molecular systems, approaches that solve ordinary differential equations such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulation may become inefficient. The kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method as the alternative has been widely used in simulating rare events such as chemical reactions or phase transitions. Yet lack of complete knowledge of transitions and the associated rates is one major challenge for accurate KMC predictions. In this paper, a reliable KMC (R-KMC) mechanism is proposed to improve the robustness of KMC results, where propensities are interval estimates instead of precise numbers and sampling is based on random sets instead of random numbers. A multi-event algorithm is developed and implemented. The weak convergence of the multi-event algorithm towards traditional KMC is demonstrated with a proposed generalized Chapman-Kolmogorov Equation.
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Garg, R. K., J. P. Gore, and T. S. Fisher. "Numerical Simulation of Hydrocarbon-Hydrogen Reaction Chemistry in a CVD Reactor." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42076.

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In the present work, gas-phase reactions for three different hydrocarbon-hydrogen mixtures (CH4+H2, C2H2+H2 and C2H4+H2) in the presence of volumetric energy input were simulated in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor. The goal of the simulations is to estimate the concentrations of species responsible for the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These estimates are expected to aid in understanding fundamental mechanisms of CNT formation and in controlling the synthesis process through process parameters such as inlet composition and temperature of the mixture, reactor pressure and microwave power. The simulation employs gas-phase kinetics of the GRI-2.11 mechanism with only reactions involving neutral molecules that contain C and H atoms. The results indicate that the concentrations of H radicals and C atoms increase with increases in energy deposition rate.
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Sandquist, Gary M., Jay F. Kunze, and Vern C. Rogers. "Oil Recovery From Shale With Nuclear Generated Heat." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48188.

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Shell Oil Corporation has developed an in-situ process for shale oil recovery that uses electric heaters to heat oil shale deposits and produce chemical reactions within the shale that can liberate the shale-oil. The major production expense is electrical power used to heat the shale. Significantly, small mobile nuclear reactors are now under development and testing that could provide high-temperature working fluids (both gaseous and liquid) at lower unit energy cost to replace current electrical heating. Nuclear generated steam is particularly cost effective and technically attractive for oil shale recovery. Estimates are that US oil shale deposits could be made to produce about 2 million barrels of oil per acre ($200 million/acre of oil at $100/barrel) if properly processed using high temperature steam. Furthermore, a these small nuclear reactors could be delivered by heavy haul truck, carefully buried for adequate shielding and safety, remotely operated, and moved as needed to process large oil shale fields.
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Craciunescu, Oana I., Shiva K. Das, Robert L. McCauley, and Thaddeus V. Samulski. "Hyperthermia Induced 3D Temperature Distribution in a Human Sarcoma With Tumor Perfusion Reconstructed Using Fractal Interpolation Functions." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2222.

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Abstract Essential to the success of optimized thermal treatment during hyperthermia is accurate modeling. Advection of energy due to blood perfusion significantly perturbs the temperature and without accurate estimates of the magnitude of the local tissue blood perfusion it is unlikely that accurate estimates of the temperature distribution can be made. It is shown here that the blood mass flow rate per unit volume of tissue in the Pennes’ bio-heat equation can be modeled using a relative perfusion index (RPI) determined with dynamic-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI). The existing technology limits the DE-MRI perfusion data to be acquired in a limited number of slices. Consequently, the tumor perfusion data is interpolated using fractal interpolation functions (FIFs), as it has been shown that the RPI data is fractal, and that fractal interpolation is superior to linear interpolation when a 3D fractal-like scaling exists. For illustration, a patient treated with hyperthermia at Duke University Medical Center for a high-grade leg tissue sarcoma is modeled. For control, the resultant temperatures are compared to non-invasively measured temperatures using the MR thermometry technique. Strong correlation is found between the DE-MRI perfusion images, the MR chemical shift images during heating, and the numerical simulation of the temperature field, emphasizing the relation between the DE-MRI measured values and advective heat loss in tissue. The fractal interpolation of DE-MRI data to obtain the 3D perfusion gives a more accurate temperature distribution compared to linear interpolation. For even a better temperature reconstruction, further models need to include large vessels.
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Roelle, Matthew J., Nikhil Ravi, and J. Christian Gerdes. "Estimating Thermodynamic State and Ignition in HCCI With Variable Fuel Injection Timing." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42450.

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Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion timing depends on properties of gas in the cylinder such as temperature and composition. However, these properties are extremely difficult to measure. In this work, we present a method to estimate the thermodynamic state in order to map ignition timing for exhaust-recompression HCCI. Viability is demonstrated on four experiments. To capture the effect of fuel that is injected into recompressed combustion products, the method begins with a hypothesis of recompression reactions. From an initial guess, the method deterministically updates the chemical composition estimate in the cylinder over combustion, exhaust, recompression reactions and induction. The update function is based on incylinder pressure measurements, the ideal gas law and the first law of thermodynamics. The estimates are compared to measurements of inducted air and exhaust oxygen concentration to check the original hypothesis. Finally, the estimated thermodynamic state is correlated to combustion timing to produce a rich ignition map.
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Tarhini, Ali A., and Ramsey F. Hamade. "Cathodic Disbondment of Rubber/Steel Adhesive Bonds Modeled as Liquid-Solid Reactions." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63307.

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Under cathodic conditions, rubber/steel adhesive bonded joints have been documented to ‘weaken’ due to attack by the generated alkali. If this were to occur under the action of cleavage mechanical loads, the bonds are likely to completely ‘delaminate’ causing the bonded constituents to physically separate. These two modes of disbondment are referred to as ‘weakening’ and ‘delamination’, respectively. Previously, Hamade and coworkers have implemented empirical and semi-empirical approaches to modeling cathodic disbondment of adhesive joints. Here, a method is presented to simulate bond weakening progress via numerical solutions. Bond degradation is modeled as a liquid-solid chemical reactor due to the attack by the alkaline medium. Specifically, the diffusion and chemical reaction processes involved in weakening are mathematically represented via a simplified, 2 partial differential equations (p.d.e.) boundary value problem (BVP). This is a reduced version of the more complex electrochemical formulation needed to fully describe the chemistry at the bondline under cathodic conditions. The weakening model is capable of simulating weakened bond lengths vs. time as function of electrolyte type (artificial sweater, ASW, or 1N NaOH), cathodic potential, and temperature. Furthermore and to model bond delamination, a mechano-chemical failure criterion is incorporated into the weakening formulation effectively coupling fracture mechanics principles with those of cathodic degradation. A fracture mechanics parameter, applied strain energy release rate, G, is used to represent the effect of externally applied loads. The failure criterion stipulates that the bond will delaminate if the applied G exceeds that of the degraded bond’s residual resistance. Both, the weakening and delamination formulations are validated against experimental data of bond weakening and delamination under a variety of conditions. As such, the numerical simulations developed in this work may be used to provide first order estimates of the life of rubber/steel bonded joints (weakened or delaminated lengths vs. time) as function of cathodic parameters and applied G (if the joint is loaded in the case of delamination).
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