Relevant bibliographies by topics / Chemical and physicochemical properties of groundwater

Academic literature on the topic 'Chemical and physicochemical properties of groundwater'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Chemical and physicochemical properties of groundwater"

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Adebayo, Kehinde Ibrahim, Victor Etim Nyong, and Oluwaseye Peter Amah. "Physicochemical properties of groundwater in parts of Irun Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria." Global Journal of Geological Sciences 19, no. 1 (July 14, 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjgs.v19i1.7.

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Ten groundwater samples from hand dug wells were collected at Irun Akoko within the basement complex of part of southwestern Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the groundwater suitability for both drinking and irrigation purposes. The groundwater samples were analysed for some physical and chemical constituents including pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, SO4, PO4 and NO3. The pH (7.0 – 7.9) and TDS (12.26 – 19.35 mg/l) of the groundwater indicate that the water is neutral to slightly alkaline and fresh respectively. The order of relative abundance for concentration of cations in the groundwater is K>Ca>Na>Mg, while that of anions is Cl>SO4>NO3>PO4. The concentrations of potassium in about 90% and chloride in about 40 % of the samples were above the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. Other hydro-geochemical parameters Ca, Mg, Na, SO4, PO4 and NO3 falls within the WHO standards. Values of Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) classified the water as excellent for irrigation purposes. The Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) values classified eighty percent of the water to be of good quality and the remaining samples as fair for irrigation purposes. However, using the Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (55.0 – 68.9 %) the samples may have hazardous effects on the soil. Generally, groundwater in the study area is suitable for both domestic and irrigation uses.
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Priyanshi, Tiwine Alice Phiri, Prachi, Chhaya, Somya Tomar, Sushant Sagar, Adamya Awasthi, and Shashank Sharma. "Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Water Samples." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (April 29, 2023): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.17.

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Water is life and abundant on earth but is not safe for human consumption due to anthropogenic activities and puts people at risk of developing waterborne diseases. There are physical and chemical parameters of water that must be checked regularly and compared to the guidelines provided to determine whether it is safe for human consumption. In the current study, water samples were collected from different locations at Sharda University, Greater Noida, and standard tests were carried out to analyze their physicochemical parameters, including temperature, odour, taste, colour, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, and chloride content to assess the quality of the water. Our results demonstrated that drinking water collected from different sites was more suitable for human consumption than groundwater.
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S. Vasanthan, S. Vasanthan, A. Murugesan A. Murugesan, and A. Selvam A. Selvam. "Study of Seasonal, Spatial Deviation and Pollution Indices of Ground Water by Tannery Activities in Vaniyambadi, Vellore district, Tamilnadu, India." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 38, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380106.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and the presence of heavy metals in groundwater samples. This study was carried out on the site of a tanneries of Vaniyambadi Taluk in the Vellore district. Evaluate the pollution index and risk assessment to assess the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. The information absorbed Physico-chemical properties and heavy metals like., Copper, Chromium, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Aluminum, Cadmium contamination of groundwater samples. Flame AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer) method used to assess the heavy metals concentration, The metal strength of groundwater in the area of the tanneries is rather high. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the chromium concentration was quite high in the groundwater samples from the tanneries, and the strengths of copper, chromium, lead, zinc, nickel, aluminum, and cadmium metals were also found slightly higher in groundwater in the tannery area. The calculated pollution indices, the Contamination Index (CI) and the Environmental risk Index (IER) for heavy metals, indicate that the majority of the groundwater samples studied are in severely contaminated areas. All physicochemical properties are within the normal range and metal contamination of groundwater is responsible for maintaining the harmfulness of crops and household needs.
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Maskooni, Ehsan, Mehran Naseri-Rad, Ronny Berndtsson, and Kei Nakagawa. "Use of Heavy Metal Content and Modified Water Quality Index to Assess Groundwater Quality in a Semiarid Area." Water 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041115.

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Groundwater is a major source of drinking and agricultural water supply in arid and semiarid regions. Poor groundwater quality can be a threat to human health especially when it is combined with hazardous pollutants like heavy metals. In this study, an innovative method involving entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content was used for a semiarid region. The entropy weighted index was used to assess the groundwater’s suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Thus, groundwater from 19 sampling sites was used for analyses of physicochemical properties (electrical conductivity—EC, pH, K+, Ca2+, Na+, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, TDS, NO3−, F−, biochemical oxygen demand—BOD, dissolved oxygen—DO, and chemical oxygen demand—COD) and heavy metal content (As, Ca, Sb, Se, Zn, Cu, Ba, Mn, and Cr). To evaluate the overall pollution status in the region, heavy metal indices such as the modified heavy metal pollution index (m-HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), Nemerow index (NeI), and ecological risks of heavy metals (ERI) were calculated and compared. The results showed that Cd concentration plays a significant role in negatively affecting the groundwater quality. Thus, three wells were classified as poor water quality and not acceptable for drinking water supply. The maximum concentration of heavy metals such as Cd, Se, and Sb was higher than permissible limits by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. However, all wells except one were suitable for agricultural purposes. The advantage of the innovative entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content, is that it permits objectivity when selecting the weights and reduces the error that may be caused by subjectivity. Thus, the new index can be used by groundwater managers and policymakers to better decide the water’s suitability for consumption.
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Salman Dalas, Israa, Muqdad Altae, and Raghad Mukdad Mahmood. "Suitability of some well water for different human uses by studying some physicochemical properties." Bionatura 7, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.26.

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The present study is carried out to identify (pH, EC, TDS, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium Ca, magnesium Mg, sulfate SO4, chloride Cl,) and Mpn cell / 100ml Total number of coliform bacteria of groundwater indicators in some wells within villages of Al-Dhuluiya, Al-Alam in Salahuddin and wells from Kayara (Al-Jawaana and Al-Jadaa villages). Four wells were studied for two seasons from November, December 2016 and January 2017. Results of this study showed that there was a seasonal variation in some chemical and physical factors. The groundwater was neutral because pH values were ranged (7-8.6). Electrical conductivity values were between (2543-50305) micro siemens. Total hardness values were within permissible limits (1200-2800 mg/L). Calcium and magnesium hardness between (1000-1950) mg /L, (100-1282) mg /L, respectively. Total dissolved solids were between (261-3245). Chloride ions (Cl-) in groundwater of studied samples were within the permissible limits for watering of animals and irrigation of plants, with values range (79-259 mg/l) and sulfate values were in range (460-1055) mg/L. The total number of coliform were between (3-240) cell/100 ml.
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Ali, Shahzad. "Effects of Wastewater use on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Human Health Status." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8864.

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Freshwater scarcity with an increasing population is a debatable scenario at the present time. Change in rainfall pattern results in agriculture production demanding more water. To be concerned with both problems, irrigation wastewater use is a compatible strategy to overcome both conditions. Wastewater composition depends upon source type (domestic or industrial) and location (area or site) where does the water evolved. Wastewater composition varied from site to site and area to area due to location differentiation. Wastewater helps the farmers to increment in total available plant macronutrients, micronutrients, and replication of microbial community in soil. But wastewater use has some cons that they cause the soil physicochemical properties affection such as soil conductivity, water retention capacity, bulk density, organic carbon ratio and pH. Now, the critical concern is an accumulation of heavy metals in the soil-plant system. In addition, wastewater contains an excessive amount of many heavy metals (zinc, nical, lead and chromium), and if they present in the soil in excessive amounts, then they cause hazards to plants, animals and human life. In this articles discussion are made about the wastewater uses in future prospects for agriculture and how they are important in sustainable agriculture. Wastewater uses have pros and cons, but groundwater levels are decreasing at an alarming rate.
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Naidu, Roselyn, Lionel Joseph, and Syed Sauban Ghani. "Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of Groundwater Quality in Rural Settlement, Nadi, Fiji." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 18, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw210001.

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The current study investigated drinking water quality of samples taken from Arolevu village, a locality situated in Nadi, Fiji. The groundwater samples were collected and subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical and biological analysis. The analysis for the drinking water sample was conducted seasonally, six times a year, that is, three for the dry season and three for the wet season. The results retrieved from the analysis were compared to its maximum contamination levels (MCLs) based on the health-based guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO standards were used as an attribute to determine the sources of contaminants likely to be present at the study site. A degradation trend in drinking water quality in the context of climate change may lead to potential health impacts. Hence, it is important to understand seasonal variations in drinking water quality. A proper understanding of the drinking water quality through seasonal water analysis for nitrate, nitrite, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chlorine content as well as its microbiological presence to reduce preventable risks such as using calculated amounts of fertilisers and upgrading the sewerage system to alleviate drinking water contamination is devised through this study.
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Popa, Maria, Gabriela-Alina Dumitrel, Ioana Glevitzky, Mirel Glevitzky, and Dorin Popa. "Study of Rural Groundwater Quality in Brestea Village, Romania." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0059.

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Abstract Water is a social requirement and an important factor in the ecological balance. Water from wells is good for direct consumption if the soil is not contaminated. The quality of drinking water is regulated by Law no. 458/2002 (transposing the Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of drinking water). The aim of this paper was to assess the physicochemical qualities of groundwaters from Brestea village, commune Denta, Timis County. The water samples were taken in 2015 from 10 functional wells. For the source whose physical and chemical parameters have exceeded the limit values, the monthly monitoring of the water quality (microbiological and physico-chemical properties) has been performed for 2 years. At the same time, the pH of the soil near the water sources was also measured. The results highlighted a good connection between the microorganisms from water and the nitrite, nitrate and ammonium content of water. The information can be further used to identify and eliminate the specific pollutants, areas and pollution sources.
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Likus, Magdalena, Małgorzata Komorowska-Kaufman, Alina Pruss, Łukasz Zych, and Tomasz Bajda. "Iron-Based Water Treatment Residuals: Phase, Physicochemical Characterization, and Textural Properties." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 3938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143938.

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Groundwater treatment residuals (GWTRs) are safe waste materials generated during drinking water treatment. GWTRs are mainly deposited in landfills, but the preferred solution should be reused or utilized for some components. To ensure proper sludge management, it is important to provide quality, chemical composition, and texture characteristics of GWTRs. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate and compare the features of GWTRs collected from four water treatment plants. GWTRs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD); scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); thermogravimetric, differential thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis (TG, DTG, and DTA, respectively); X-ray fluorescence (XRF); inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OEP); specific surface area (SBET) measurement; and determination of the isoelectric point (pHIEP). According to the results, GWTRs are poor crystalline materials that are predominantly composed of ferrihydrite with minor calcite and quartz admixture. They formed heterogeneously mixed particles with irregular shapes. They were mainly composed of iron oxides (32–55%), silica (4–28%), calcium oxide (4–17%), and manganese oxides (0.3–4.0%). They were found to be mesoporous with a large specific surface area. Due to their composition and texture characteristics, GWTRs demonstrate good adsorption properties toward different compounds such as heavy metals and metalloids.
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Alam, Aftab, and Anshuman Singh. "GROUNDWATER QUALITY EVALUATION USING STATISTICAL APPROACH AND WATER QUALITY INDEX IN AURANGABAD, BIHAR." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry, Special Issue (2022): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1558191.

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Groundwater is the primary source of drinking water in south Bihar, and its quality can potentially affect human health. To accurately anticipate and evaluate water quality, 112 samples of groundwater were collected from Aurangabad, Bihar. Samples were taken from hand pumps and bore/tube wells. Physiochemical quality parameters, namely pH, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, magnesium, calcium, sulphate, nitrate, chloride, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity were measured and compared to the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS10500:2012). The physicochemical properties of samples were evaluated to determine their water quality index (WQI). Various water quality indicators were examined and correlated with other variables. All statistical analysis was done using RStudio4.1.1 software. On water quality data, the PCA method was employed, and four components with a total variance of 75.66% were extracted. WQI of more than 98% of the samples, either of excellent or good quality. Overall, the groundwater is drinkable. Comprehensive regulation and coordinated groundwater management are needed to protect groundwater quality and to achieve one of the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Chemical and physicochemical properties of groundwater"

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Nilsson, Johanna. "CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN MATERIALS COMPRISING MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE : CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN MATERIALS COMPRISING MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185526.

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Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) films have gained a lot of industrial interest lately dueto their good barrier properties and good mechanical strength. In this study it wasinvestigated whether rheological characteristics and conductivity of MFC dispersionscomprised of different MFC grades could be correlated to tensile properties of the MFCfilms produced from the corresponding MFC dispersion. A rheological characterizationmethod was developed for MFC dispersions with 3 wt% MFC and a secret additiveusing a dynamic rotational rheometer and a smooth “plate to plate” geometry. Themethod consisted of an amplitude sweep, a frequency sweep, and a controlled shearrate measurement. Two predicting OPLS models were created in SIMCA: model 1correlated values from rheological measurements and ionic conductivity to tensileproperties and model 2 correlated MFC grades to tensile properties. A slight correlationbetween MFC rheology and tensile properties could be observed, but due to the lowpredictive ability of model 1 (Q2=0.47) it was deemed that the model was insufficientas a tool for facilitated predictions of new samples. It was concluded that tensileproperties are more correlated to the composition of MFC dispersions than whatrheological characteristics and ionic conductivity the dispersions display, based on thegood predictive ability of model 2 (Q2=0.59).
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Lapinska, Urszula. "Microfluidics and chemical kinetics to analyse protein interactions, aggregation, and physicochemical properties." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284929.

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Proteins play a major role in living systems and present a wide spectrum of functionalities. Many different types of proteins are involved into biological processes, such as the catalysis of biochemical reactions, cellular membrane transport, immune system response and DNA replication. However, some proteins and peptides might become harmful to living organisms; for example, their abnormal aggregation causes neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer disease (AD). One of the causes of AD is the presence of amyloid beta peptides Aβ(1-42), Aβ(1-40), which self-assemble into insoluble fibrils and plaques, which surround neuronal cells impeding synapsis. The number of AD patients is increasing, but a cure has not been founded yet. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the mechanisms underlying amyloid aggregation and screening for compounds able to prevent this irreversible process. Microfluidics permits characterising the physicochemical properties of proteins, investigate their aggregation and study their interactions with other molecules. Chemical kinetics allows studying the microscopic events occurring during protein self-assembly. The combination of these two techniques provides a powerful tool for the identification of compounds inhibiting the aggregation process. In this thesis by using microfluidics, chemical kinetics and other biophysical assays, I have investigated the proteins isoelectric point (pI) and the inhibition of aberrant Aβ(1-42) self-assembly process. Firstly, I describe the development of a microfluidic platform allowing for the measurement of the protein pI, in a gradient-free manner. This approach overcomes a fundamental limitation of convectional techniques that is the achievement of a stable and well-controlled pH gradient. Secondly, I investigate the inhibiting effect of llama nanobodies on Aβ(1-42) aggregation. The findings from this study show that nanobodies target monomeric species with high affinity whereas interactions with fibril surfaces are weak. Finally, I discuss the use of other compounds inhibiting specific nucleation stages. These include the chaperones clusterin and brichos, as well as soot and pure carbon nanoparticles. Importantly, the addition of both chaperones to Aβ(1-42) solutions has an additive inhibitory effect on aggregation. My findings will improve the characterization of the physicochemical properties of proteins as well as providing promising candidates for the inhibition of specific stages of amyloid beta aggregation opening the way to possible cures for AD disease.
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Qi, Guangyan. "Modified soy protein based adhesives and their physicochemical properties." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16178.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Xiuzhi Susan Sun
Soy protein is one of the most promising bio-degradable adhesives, with great potential as alternatives synthetic petroleum based adhesives for wood composite industries. However, its intrinsic drawbacks such as low water resistance, high viscosity, and short shelf life still limit its broad application. In this research, soy protein was further modified and characterized to improve adhesion properties, flow-ability, water resistance, and long shelf life, which could facilitate the industrialization of soy protein based adhesives. In this study, we exploited the in situ sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) modification on soy protein in soy flour-water extracts, and then the modified soy protein was obtained through acid precipitation. First, different concentrations of NaHSO3 were used to modify soy flour slurry, then glycinin-rich and β-conglycinin-rich fractions were precipitated at pH 5.4 (SP 5.4) and pH 4.5 (SP 4.5), respectively. Unmodified sample SP 5.4 and SP 4.5 showed clay-like properties and viscoelastic properties, respectively; whereas with addition of NaHSO3 in range of 2-8 g/L, both SP 5.4 and SP 4.5 had the viscous cohesive phase with good handability and flow-ability. The overall adhesion performance of SP 4.5 was better than SP 5.4; the wet strength of these two fractions was in the range of 2.5-3.2 MPa compared to 1.6 MPa of control soy protein isolate. Then soy protein with various β-conglycinin/glycinin (7S/11S) ratios were extracted from soy flour slurry and characterized for adhesion properties based on the different solubility of 7S and 11S globulins. Seven glycinin-rich soy protein fractions and six β- conglycinin-rich soy protein fractions were obtained. According to the morphology, viscosity, and particle size results, we proposed that proper protein-protein interaction, hydration capacity (glycinin-rich fractions), and certain 7S/11S ratios (β-conglycinin-rich fractions) in modified soy protein are crucial to continuous protein phase formation. The viscous cohesive samples were stable for up to several months without phase separation at room temperature, with the wet adhesion strength of 2.0-2.8 MPa. The soy protein modified with NaHSO3 showed good compatibility with commercial glues applied on plywood and paper labeling fields. The modified soy protein made some functional groups, carboxylic (-COOH), hydroxyl (-OH) and amino groups (-NH2) available, which cross-linked with hydroxymethyl groups (-CH2-OH) from urea formaldehyde (UF) wood glue. The modified soy protein (MSP) with pH 4.8 also acted as an acidic catalyst for the self-polymerization of UF based resin. The wet adhesion strength of MSP/UF blends (40/60) was 6.4 MPa with 100% wood cohesive failure, as compared to 4.66 MPa of UF. As to the paper labeling application, peel strength of MSP on glass substrate increased rapidly, with curing time much shorter than commercial polyvinyl acetate based adhesives (PVAc). And the MSP/ PVAc blends showed shorter curing time, higher water resistance and lower viscosity than pure PVAc. Chemical modification could also enhance the adhesion strength of MSP. 2-octen-1- ylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) was proved to be grafted on soy protein through reaction between amine, hydroxyl groups of protein and anhydride groups. The oily nature and hydrophobic long alkyl chains of OSA mainly contributed to the significant water resistance improvement of MSP.
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Tsumura, Kazunobu. "Effects of enzymatic and physicochemical treatments on the protein-chemical properties of soybean proteins." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145442.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(農学)
乙第11587号
論農博第2547号
新制||農||903(附属図書館)
学位論文||H17||N3991(農学部図書室)
22886
UT51-2004-U484
(主査)教授 井上 國世, 教授 安達 修二, 教授 伏木 亨
学位規則第4条第2項該当
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Saban, Waheed. "Synthesis, characterization and physicochemical properties of platinum naboparticles on ordered mesoporous carbon." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8474_1320738516.

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In this study SBA-15 mesoporous silica template was synthesized and used as a sacrificial template in the preparation of ordered mesoporous carbon material. A chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique using LPG or alternatively sucrose, pyrolyzed upon a mesoporous Si matrix were used to produce nanostructured ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) with graphitic character after removing the Si template. The sucrose method was found to be a suitable route for preparing OMC. The OMC was used as a conductive three dimensional porous support for depositing catalytic nanophase Pt metal. Deposition of Pt nanoparticles on OMC was accomplished using a CVD method with Pt(acac)2 as a precursor. The synthesized nano-composite materials were characterized by several techniques such as, HRTEM, HRSEM, EDS, XRD, BET, TGA, FT-IR and CV.
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Tadanier, Christopher J. "Influence of Operational Characterization Methods on DOM Physicochemical Properties and Reactivity with Aqueous Chlorine." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40503.

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The physicochemical properties and chemical reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are of tremendous practical significance in both natural and engineered aquatic and terrestrial systems. DOM is frequently extracted, fractionated, and concentrated from environmental samples using a variety of operationally defined physical and chemical processes in order to facilitate study of specific physicochemical properties and aspects of its chemical reactivity. This study was conducted to systematically examine the influence of operationally defined physical and chemical characterization methods on observed DOM physicochemical properties and reactivity with aqueous chlorine. The effects of chemical separation were evaluated by applying an existing resin adsorption based procedure which simultaneously extracts and fractionates DOM and inorganic constituents into hydrophobic and hydrophilic acid, base, and neutral dissolved material matrix (DMM) fractions. Physical separation based on DOM apparent molecular weight (AMW) was also evaluated using batch ultrafiltration (UF) data in conjunction with a suitable membrane permeation model. Linear independence of membrane solute transport was theoretically described using non-equilibrium thermodynamics and experimentally demonstrated for AMICON® YC/YM series UF membranes. Mass balances on DMM fraction constituents in untreated and previously coagulated natural waters indicated that quantitative recovery (100 ± 2%) of DOM constituents was achieved, while recovery of inorganic constituents such as iron and aluminum was substantially incomplete (30%-74%). Comparison of whole-water DOM properties with those mathematically reconstituted from DMM fractions demonstrated a marked shift in DOM properties toward lower AMW. Evidence of pH induced partial hydrolysis of protein, polysaccharide, and ester DOM components was also observed. Decreased specific Cl2 demand (mmol DCl2/ mmol DOM) and specific trihalomethane formation (mmol THM/mmol DOM) following chemical fractionation were attributed to increased molar DOM concentration and decreased DOM association with colloidal iron oxide surfaces. Collectively, the results of this research indicate that operational characterization methods result in alteration of DOM physicochemical properties and reactivity with aqueous chlorine, and caution is therefore advisable when interpreting the results of studies conducted using chemically extracted or fractionated DOM.
Ph. D.
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Lan, Zhongming. "Linking Key Properties of Biochar to Nitrous Oxide Emission in Soil: Chemical and Molecular Mechanisms." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365271.

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Biochar is a product of biomass pyrolysis, by which bioenergy is produced. It has been suggested that biochar can be used as a soil amendment agent to improve soil physical (e.g. particle size distribution, bulk density and water retention), chemical (e.g. pH and cation exchange capacity) and biological (e.g. microbial community and enzyme activities) properties. Biochar can also increase soil carbon (C) inventory as a means of carbon storage and nitrogen (N) retention, improve plant growth, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas with ca. 310 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2) and also a serious ozone depleting compound, contributing greatly to the global warming. To meet the challenges associated with climate change, greenhouse gas (particularly, N2O) emissions have to be reduced. Hence, studies on how biochar incorporation into soil affects N2O emission are of great significance. An increasing number of studies have shown that biochar amendment decreased the soil N2O emissions, while some other studies indicated no change or an increase in the N2O emission in biochar-amended soils. Various physical, chemical and molecular mechanisms have been proposed to describe the processes responsible for soil N2O emission, such as reduced N availability, decreased abundance of some denitrifying genes, accelerated the electron transfer to facilitate the last step of denitrification (N2O to N2), and increased adsorption of N2O. However, little direct evidence has been presented to support these mechanisms as biochar effect varies with soil type, biochar type (feedstock, pyrolysis temperature), plant species as well as environmental conditions.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Vertuan, Gislene Cristina. "Evaluation of physicochemical properties of a new epoxy resinbased root canal sealer." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25147/tde-23012019-164028/.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate some of the physico-chemical properties of a new root canal sealer. Methodology: The sealers tested were Sealer Plus (MKLife, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), compared as AH Plus (Dentsply, DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Alemanha). For the radiopacity, flow, solubility and fabrication of test specimens relative to setting times the ANSI/ADA No. 57 (2000) and ISO 6876 (2012) specifications were followed. To measure the initial and final setting times the ASTM C266/2008 standard was used. pH was evaluated in the time intervals of 3, 24, 72 and 168 hours). Statistical tests were applied to the results obtained at a level of significance of 5%. Results: The results demonstrated that the Sealer Plus sealer showed a lower radiopacity value than AH Plus sealer (p<0.05), however, this was higher than the minimum value recommended by the specifications; that is 3 mm Al. Relative to flow, the value for Sealer Plus was 19.19 mm and for AH Plus, 19.81 mm (p>0.05). Sealer plus presented initial and final setting times of 138 min. and 210 min., respectively, while the values for AH Plus were 437 min. and 849 min., respectively, (p<0.05). Relative to solubility, Sealer Plus presented 0.21% and AH Plus, 0.27% (p>0.05). None of the sealers showed a significant increase in pH (p>0.05). Conclusion: Sealer Plus sealer presented physico-chemical properties in accordance with ANSI/ADA (2000) No.57 and ISO 6876 (2012) specifications.
Introdução: Este estudo objetivou avaliar algumas propriedades físico-químicas de um novo cimento obturador de canais radiculares. Metodologia: Para os testes de radiopacidade, escoamento, solubilidade e confecção dos corpos de prova para os tempos de presa foram seguidas as especificações nº57 da ANSI/ADA (2000) e ISO 6876 (2012). Para a medição dos tempos de presa, inicial e final, foi empregada a norma ASTM C266/2008. O pH foi avaliado nos períodos de 3, 24, 72 e 168 horas. Sobre os resultados foram aplicados testes estatísticos com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que o cimento Sealer Plus apresentou menor radiopacidade do que o cimento AH Plus (p<0.05), porém, superior ao mínimo recomendado pelas especificações, ou seja, de 3 mm de Al. Com relação ao escoamento, o do Sealer Plus foi 19,19 mm e do AH Plus 19,81 mm (p>0.05). O Sealer Plus apresentou tempos de presa inicial e final de 138 min. e 210 min., respectivamente, enquanto o AH Plus, 437 min. e 849 min., respectivamente, (p<0.05). Em relação à solubilidade, o Sealer Plus apresentou 0,21% e o AH Plus 0,27% (p>0.05). Nenhum dos cimentos apresentou aumento significativo do pH (p>0.05). Conclusão: O cimento Sealer Plus apresentou propriedades físico-químicas de acordo com as especificações nº 57 da ANSI/ADA (2000) e ISO 6876 (2012).
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Shingler, Taylor, and Taylor Shingler. "Investigations of Physicochemical Properties of Size-Resolved, Subsaturated, Atmospheric Aerosol Particles: Instrument Development, Field Measurements, and Data Analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620958.

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Aerosol particle properties and their impact on air quality, clouds, and the hydrologic cycle remain a critically important factor for the understanding of our atmosphere. Particle hygroscopic growth leads to impacts on direct and indirect radiative forcing properties, the likelihood for particles to act as cloud condensation nuclei, and aerosol-cloud interactions. Current instruments measuring hygroscopic growth have a number of limitations, lacking either the ability to measure size-resolved particles or process samples at a fast enough resolution to be suitable for airborne deployment. Advanced in-situ airborne particle retrieval and measurements of aerosol hygroscopic growth and scattering properties are analyzed and discussed.To improve the analysis of cloud nuclei particles, an updated counterflow virtual impact inlet was characterized and deployed during the 2011 E-PEACE field campaign. Theoretical and laboratory based cut size diameters were determined and validated against data collected from an airborne platform. In pursuit of higher quality aerosol particle hygroscopicity measurements, a newer instrument, the differential aerosol sizing and hygroscopicity probe (DASH-SP) has been developed in the recent past and only flown on a handful of campaigns. It has been proven to provide quality, rapid, size-resolved hygroscopic growth factor data, but was further improved into a smaller form factor making it easier for deployment on airborne platforms. It was flown during the 2013 SEAC4RS field campaign and the data was analyzed to composite air mass based hygroscopicity and refractive index (real portion only) statistics. Additionally, a comparison of bulk and size-resolved hygroscopic growth measurements was conducted. Significant findings include a potential particle size bias on bulk scattering measurements as well as a narrow range of ambient real portion of refractive index values. An investigation into the first reported ambient hygroscopicity measurements of particle shrinkage, or "sub-1" growth is conducted. Possible explanations, including particle restructuring, measurement sensitivity to refractive index, evaporative loss, and influence of ambient external mixtures on data processing are examined.
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Queiroz, Marcela Borsatto. "Physicochemical and biological properties of tricalcium silicate-based reparative materials with alternative radiopacifiers and Biosilicate /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153908.

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Orientador: Mário Tanomaru Filho
Abstract: Tricalcium silicate cements associated with radiopacifiers are used as repair materials. Publication 1: Evaluation of tricalcium silicate-based cements (TCS) associated with zirconium oxide (ZrO2), calcium tungstate (CaWO4) or niobium oxide (Nb2O5) radiopacifiers compared to MTA Repair HP (MTA HP). Publication 2: Evaluation of tricalcium silicate-based cements (TCS) associated with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) radiopacifier with 10% or 20% of Biosilicate (TCS ZrO2 + 10% Biosilicate and TCS ZrO2 + 20% Biosilicate) compared to Biodentine. Setting Time (ST) and radiopacity were evaluated based on ISO 6876/2002 standard. Solubility was evaluated according to the method proposed by Carvalho-Júnior et al. (2007) modified. pH was measured at 3, 12 and 24 hours and 7, 14 and 21 days after immersion in distilled water. Cellular cytotoxicity and bioactivity were evaluated by methyltetrazolium (MTT), neutral red (NR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red (ARS) and real time PCR (qPCR) (Publication 1) assays in different periods of contact with eluates of the materials in Saos-2 cells. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by direct contact on Enterococcus faecalis in the planktonic form. For the physico-chemical and ARS tests, the data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests; for MTT, NR and ALP tests the data were analyzed by the Two-Way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests; the antibacterial activity, were submitted to Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). Publication 1: TCS + CaWO4 presented... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo: Cimentos de silicato tricálcico com radiopacificadores são utilizados como materiais reparadores. Publicação 1: Avaliação de cimento à base de silicato tricálcico (STC) associado aos radiopacificadores óxido de zircônio (ZrO2), tungstato de cálcio (CaWO4) ou óxido de nióbio (Nb2O5) em comparação ao MTA Repair HP (MTA HP). Publicação 2: Avaliação de material à base de silicato tricálcico (STC) e radiopacificador óxido de zircônio (ZrO2) e 10% ou 20% de Biosilicato (STC ZrO2 + 10% de Biosilicato e STC ZrO2 + 20% de Biosilicato) em comparação ao Biodentine. Tempo de presa e a radiopacidade foram avaliados seguindo ISO 6876/2002. A solubilidade foi avaliada de acordo com o método proposto por Carvalho-Júnior et al. (2007) modificado. pH foi avaliado 3, 12 e 24 horas, 7, 14 e 21 dias após imersão em água destilada. A citotoxidade e bioatividade celular foram avaliadas pelos testes metiltetrazólio (MTT), vermelho neutro (VN), atividade de fosfatase alcalina (ALP), ensaio de vermelho de alizarina (ARS) e PCR em tempo real (qPCR) (Publicação1), em diferentes períodos de contato com eluídos dos materiais em células Saos-2. Atividade antimicrobiana dos materiais foi avaliada por meio do teste de contato direto com Enterococcus faecalis na forma planctônica. Para os testes físicoquímicos e ARS, os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey; para os ensaios do MTT, VN e ALP e qPCR os dados foram analisados aos testes Two Way ANOVA e Bonferroni; os dados da atividade antimicrobiana f... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Books on the topic "Chemical and physicochemical properties of groundwater"

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N, Marsh K., and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry., eds. Recommended reference materials for the realization of physicochemical properties. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1987.

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1953-, Nnanna Ifendu A., and Xia Jiding 1921-, eds. Protein-based surfactants: Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applications. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001.

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Thiros, Susan A. Chemical composition of ground water, hydrologic properties of basin-fill material, and ground-water movement in Salt Lake Valley, Utah. Salt Lake City, Utah: Utah, Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, 1995.

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Boichenko, Sergii, Olufemi Olaulava Babatunde, Petro Topіl'nic'kii, and Vіktorіya Romanchuk. Physical and chemical properties of Nigerian oils and prospective technological scheme of their proccesing. Київ, Україна: Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського», 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/978-966-919-783-2.

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The current state of the oil refining industry in Nigeria, its problems and prospects are considered.The presented results of studies of the physicochemical properties of Nigerian oils, as well as gasoline,diesel fractions, jet fuel and fuel oil fractions obtained from them are compared with those obtained for oils from the eastern and western regions of Ukraine. Processing methods of fuel oils from Nigerian oils are presented with the aim of bitumen and base oils production. A promising technologicalscheme for the processing of Nigerian oils is proposed.
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San Antonio Water System (Tex.) and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Lithologic and physicochemical properties and hydraulics of flow in and near the freshwater/saline-water transition zone, San Antonio segment of the Edwards Aquifer, south-central Texas, based on water-level and borehole geophysical log data, 1999-2007. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2010.

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Davis, Eva L. How heat can enhance in-situ soil and aquifer remediation: Important chemical properties and guidance on choosing the appropriate technique. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1997.

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Davis, Eva L. How heat can enhance in-situ soil and aquifer remediation: Important chemical properties and guidance on choosing the appropriate technique. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1997.

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Davis, Eva L. How heat can enhance in-situ soil and aquifer remediation: Important chemical properties and guidance on choosing the appropriate technique. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1997.

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Davis, Eva L. How heat can enhance in-situ soil and aquifer remediation: Important chemical properties and guidance on choosing the appropriate technique. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1997.

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Davis, Eva L. How heat can enhance in-situ soil and aquifer remediation: Important chemical properties and guidance on choosing the appropriate technique. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Chemical and physicochemical properties of groundwater"

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Morrissey, P. A. "Lactose: Chemical and Physicochemical Properties." In Developments in Dairy Chemistry—3, 1–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4950-8_1.

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Jhon, Myung S. "Physicochemical Properties of Nanostructured Perfluoropolyether Films." In Advances in Chemical Physics, 1–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/047168077x.ch1.

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Mauri, Laura, Sandro Sonnino, and Alessandro Prinetti. "Chemical and Physicochemical Properties of Gangliosides." In Gangliosides, 1–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8552-4_1.

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Ranjan, Prabhat, Tanmoy Chakraborty, and Ajay Kumar. "The Study of Physicochemical Properties of Bimetallic CuAUn (n = 1-8) Nanoalloy Clusters." In Chemical Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 33–42. Series statement: AAP research notes on nanoscience & nanotechnology: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429398254-3.

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Knabner, P., and E. Schneid. "Qualitative Properties of a Model for Carrier Facilitated Groundwater Contaminant Transport." In Scientific Computing in Chemical Engineering, 129–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80149-5_14.

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El-Kirat-Chatel, Sofiane, and Audrey Beaussart. "Atomic Force Microscopy Tools to Characterize the Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Pathogens." In Nanotechnology to Aid Chemical and Biological Defense, 1–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7218-1_1.

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Landmeyer, James E. "Chemical and Physical Properties That Affect the Interaction Between Plants and Contaminated Groundwater." In Introduction to Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater, 275–305. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1957-6_12.

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Yoshida, Yuzo. "Physicochemical Properties of Multiple Forms of Cytochrome P-450: A Proposal for the Ligand Structure." In P-450 and Chemical Carcinogenesis, 3–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5030-9_1.

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Pekdeger, Asaf, Margot Isenbeck, Jürgen Schröter, Tom Taylor, Michael Fic, and Georg Matthess. "Parameters for Modelling the Transport of Cadmium as Influenced by the Chemical Properties of Ground Water and Aquifer Material." In Groundwater Flow and Quality Modelling, 423–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2889-3_24.

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Farrington, John W., and John Westall. "Organic Chemical Pollutants in the Oceans and Groundwater: A Review of Fundamental Chemical Properties and Biogeochemistry." In The Role of the Oceans as a Waste Disposal Option, 361–425. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4628-6_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Chemical and physicochemical properties of groundwater"

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"Physicochemical Properties Study of the Rosehip Drying." In International Conference on Chemical, Food and Environment Engineering. International Academy Of Arts, Science & Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/iaast.a0115028.

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Wardhani, Dyah Hesti, Irsyadia Nindya Wardana, Charis Achmad Tajuddin, and Muhammad Aniq Abdillah. "Antioxidant and physicochemical properties of acid degraded glucomannan." In PROCEEDINGS OF 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL PROCESS AND PRODUCT ENGINEERING (ICCPPE) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5140937.

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Indrianti, Novita, and Yudi Pranoto. "Physicochemical properties of modified sweet potato starch through heat moisture treatment." In SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5064339.

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Daoud, Elaf Muhammad Harez, Riedh Abass Abdul-Jabar, and Samaher Jasim Mohammed. "Physical and chemical properties of groundwater in Al-Dour district." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIER OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0113416.

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Brnčić, Mladen, Mirna Tadić, Iva Šarić, and Mario Božić. "Influence of non thermal preservation techniques on physicochemical properties of freshly squeezed apple juice." In 15th Mediterranean Congress of Chemical Engineering (MeCCE-15). Grupo Pacífico, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.48158/mecce-15.t3-p-02.

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Hardiyanti, Rini, S. Suharman, M. Zulham Efendi Sinaga, I. Putu Mahendra, and Adrian Hartanto. "Comparative studies on physicochemical properties of B-type and C-type starches from potato starch." In THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICCST – 2020): Chemical Science and Technology Innovation for a Better Future. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0045549.

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Cahyono, Heri, Bakti Jos, and Siswo Sumardiono. "The effect of ozonation on the physicochemical, thermal, and morphological properties of starch: An overview." In THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF INDONESIAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021: Enhancing Innovations and Applications of Chemical Engineering for Accelerating Sustainable Development Goals. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0113548.

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DYLONG, A. "Impact of TNT Storage Time on Its Physicochemical and Explosives Properties." In Terotechnology XII. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902059-21.

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Abstract. The Polish Armed Forces have very sizable stocks of explosive ordnance, of which some have exceeded the allowable service life. From the point of view of ageing and acceptable ways of disposal, some high explosives cannot be used if they have been stored for years. That is why studies are performed on the safety of utilizing such kinds of explosive ordnance. During the storage period, high explosives' physical and chemical parameters deteriorate. For example, the sensitivity of such materials increases, resulting in them becoming dangerous. Therefore, diagnostic tests to determine the quality of high explosives for further use (extending the exploitation period or referral for disposal) are conducted. The main goal of this work was to compare how the effect of the ageing process impacts the physical and chemical properties of high explosives and those containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in particular. Many factors effectuate the quality of the stored high explosives, e.g. acidity, melting point, decomposition temperature, friction- and impact sensitivity. The authors investigated high explosives from selected mines produced in different periods and compared these results with those obtained from testing mines of previous years.
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Musawwa, Muhammad Miqdam, Haryoko Pangestu, Matkli Dimas Astrianto, Retno Aliyatul Fikroh, and Dwiarso Rubiyanto. "Effect of raw material preparation on physicochemical properties of Citrus. hystrix (kaffir lime) oil from Bantul, Indonesia." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON CHEMICAL EDUCATION (ISCE) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112868.

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Sandoval Torres, S., L. Reyes López, L. Méndez Lagunas, J. Rodríguez Ramírez, and G. Barriada Bernal. "Physicochemical characterization of mesquite flours." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7707.

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Ethnic foods are healthy products interesting for the new societies. Mesquite flour offers another option for making gluten-free recipes as part of a diet for people with celiac disease. The physicochemical properties of mesquite flours (Prosopis laevigata) were characterized. The mesquite pods were dried at 60°C, 15% RH and 2 m/s airflow; then a grinding and sieving process were applied. The nutritional composition and the sorption isotherms were obtained at 30, 35, 40 and 45°C for water activities of 0.07-0.9. The particle-size distribution, morphology and thermal stability of the flours were determined by different methods. Keywords: Mesquite Flours; drying; isotherms; chemical properties; morphology
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Reports on the topic "Chemical and physicochemical properties of groundwater"

1

Charles J Werth and Hongkyu Yoon Albert J Valocchi. Influence of Wetting and Mass Transfer Properties of Organic Chemical Mixtures in Vadose Zone Materials on Groundwater Contamination by Nonaqueous Phase Liquids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1014112.

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Sexsmith, K. S. A detailed examination of the chemical, hydrological, and geological properties influencing the mobility of {sup 222}radon and parent radionuclides in groundwater. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674898.

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Phase 2 groundwater quality assessment for the Weldon Spring site chemical plant/raffinate pits and surrounding vicinity properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5626469.

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