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Journal articles on the topic 'Chemical and fuel properties'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Iakovlieva, Anna, Oksana Vovk, Sergii Boichenko, Kazimierz Lejda, and Hubert Kuszewski. "Physical-Chemical Properties of Jet Fuel Blends with Components Derived from Rape Oil." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 4 (September 15, 2016): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.04.485.

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The work is devoted to the development of alternative jet fuel blended with rapeseed oil-derived biocomponents and study of their physical-chemical properties. The modification of conventional jet fuel by rapeseed oil esters was chosen for this work among the variety of technologies for alternative jet fuels development. The main characteristics of conventional jet fuel and three kinds of biocomponents were determined and compared to the standards requirements to jet fuel of Jet A-1 grade. The most important or identifying physical-chemical properties of jet fuels were determined for the scope of this study. Among them are: density, viscosity, fractional composition, freezing point and net heat of combustion. The influence of rapeseed oil-derived biocomponents on the mentioned above characteristics of blended jet fuels was studied and explained.

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2

DEMİRBAŞ, AYHAN. "Chemical and Fuel Properties of Seventeen Vegetable Oils." Energy Sources 25, no. 7 (July 2003): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908310390212426.

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3

Antonenko, V. O., V. I. Zubenko, and O. V. Epik. "FUEL PROPERTIES OF UKRAINIAN CORN STOVER." Industrial Heat Engineering 40, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ihe.3.2018.11.

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In order to provide reliable and efficient thermal conversion, it is necessary to understand the physical and chemical properties of corn stover. The properties of corn stover depend on species, climatic and weather conditions, soil type, fertilizer input etc. Thus, it is necessary to study the fuel from various locations. The present paper describes analysis results of corn stover from a single location in Kyiv region, Ukraine. The soil was fertilized with anhydrous ammonia 80 kg/ha. Elemental composition (W, A, C, H, S, N, O, Cl), calorific values, ash melting temperatures and ash chemical composition of the samples have been tested. The comparative analysis of the samples with foreign analogues has been carried out. It is shown that the test samples of corn stover from Kyiv region are characterized by ash initial deformation temperatures of 1160 - 1200 °C. These temperatures are higher than the average agricultural biomass values and typical for woody biomass. The relatively high ash melting temperature reduces risks of sintering and deposit formation on the furnace inner surface.

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4

Kerimov, M. A., R. N. Safiullin, and A. V. Marusin. "Estimation of fuel quality indices based on the investigation of its tribochemical processes and properties." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 81, no. 7 (July 15, 2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65612.

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To improve of motor vehicle reliability and increase its service life by means of high-quality fuel supply, universal method of quality rating of fuel during formation of fuel physical-and-chemical properties directly on engine is developed. Results of investigation representing data collection concerning values of dielectric constant for fuels of different physical-and-chemical compositions at different frequencies are given. These data can be used for optimization of engine control systems using a certain brand of fuel.

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5

Selim, Mohamed, Mamdouh Ghannam, and Adel Hussein. "Physical-Chemical Properties of Water-in-Diesel Fuel Emulsions." International Journal of Petroleum Technology 2, no. 2 (July 21, 2016): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-787x.2015.02.02.2.

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6

Cookson, David J., C. Paul Lloyd, and Brian E. Smith. "Investigation of the chemical basis of diesel fuel properties." Energy & Fuels 2, no. 6 (November 1988): 854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00012a021.

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7

Torres-Jimenez, Eloisa, Marta Svoljšak Jerman, Andreja Gregorc, Irenca Lisec, M. Pilar Dorado, and Breda Kegl. "Physical and chemical properties of ethanol–diesel fuel blends." Fuel 90, no. 2 (February 2011): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.045.

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8

Jamal, Jamal, and B. Siti Aisyah. "Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties of Dammar Resin as an Alternative Fuel." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.4.6.

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Efforts to obtain alternative and renewable energy continue to be carried out sustainably. Various natural materials continue to be studied for their feasibility in using alternative and renewable fuels. One of the natural materials that have the potential as a source of renewable energy is dammar resin (Shorea Javanica k. et v.). Therefore, it is necessary to analyze dammar resin's physical and chemical properties to determine its potential as an alternative fuel. This study evaluates dammar resin's physical and chemical properties as a renewable energy source. In this research, the physical and chemical properties of dammar resin were investigated related to its function as an alternative fuel compared to other alternative fuels. This study also aims to determine the advantages and disadvantages of dammar resin's physical and chemical properties as an alternative fuel. The American Society for Testing and Materials standard (ASTM), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the American Oil Chemists Society standard (AOCS) methods have been adopted to analyze the physical and chemical properties of dammar resins. This study's physical and chemical properties were cloud point, pour point, flash point, density, energy content, ash content, sulfur content, iodine value, saponification value, and cetane number. The result indicates that based on the physical and chemical property analysis, dammar resin has potency as a renewable energy source and can be developed as an alternative fuel. Dammar resin has a low flash point, sulfur content, and iodine value but a high saponification value and cetane number; these values have met European requirements. Moreover, the energy content of dammar resin is lower, and the ash content is higher than other biodiesel materials. However, dammar resin still requires advanced processes to be converted as alternative energy because it still has a high density, cloud, and pour point.

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9

Benavides, Alirio, Pedro Benjumea, Farid B. Cortés, and Marco A. Ruiz. "Chemical Composition and Low-Temperature Fluidity Properties of Jet Fuels." Processes 9, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071184.

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The physicochemical properties of petroleum-derived jet fuels mainly depend on their chemical composition, which can vary from sample to sample as a result of the diversity of the crude diet processed by the refinery. Jet fuels are exposed to very low temperatures both at altitude and on the ground in places subject to extreme climates and must be able to maintain their fluidity at these low temperatures otherwise the flow of fuel to turbine engines will be reduced or even stopped. In this work, an experimental evaluation of the effect of chemical composition on low-temperature fluidity properties of jet fuels (freezing point, crystallization onset temperature and viscosity at −20 °C) was carried out. Initially, a methodology based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was adapted to determine the composition of 70 samples of Jet A1 and Jet A fuels. This methodology allowed quantifying the content, in weight percentage, of five main families of hydrocarbons: paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic, naphthalene derivatives, and tetralin- and indane-derived compounds. Fuel components were also grouped into 11 classes depending on structural characteristics and the number of carbon atoms in the compound. The latter compositional approach allowed obtaining more precise model regressions for predicting the composition–property dependence and identifying individual components or hydrocarbon classes contributing to increased or decreased property values.

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10

Gu¨lder, O¨mer L. "Combustion Gas Properties: Part III—Prediction of the Thermodynamic Properties of Combustion Gases of Aviation and Diesel Fuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240093.

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Empirical formulae are presented by means of which the specific heat, mean molecular weight, density, and specific heat ratio of aviation fuel-air and diesel fuel-air systems can be calculated as functions of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio, and hydrogen-to-carbon atomic ratio of the fuel. The formulae have been developed by fitting the data from a detailed chemical equilibrium code to a functional expression. Comparisons of the results from the proposed formulae with the results obtained from a chemical equilibrium code have shown that the mean absolute error in predicted specific heat is 0.8 percent, and that for molecular weight is 0.25 percent. These formulae provide a very fast and easy means of predicting the thermodynamic properties of combustion gases as compared to detailed equilibrium calculations, and they are also valid for a wide range of complex hydrocarbon mixtures and pure hydrocarbons as well as aviation and diesel fuels.

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11

MATUSZEWSKA, Anna, and Marlena OWCZUK. "The influence of non-normative fuel on its operational properties." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-312.

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Fuels that do not meet the requirements of quality standards cannot be used to power vehicle engines. The work involved physico-chemical analyses of non-normative fuel and its effect on the operational properties of the powered vehicle. The research fuels were two gasolines, characterized by a reduced resistance to oxidation processes due to their long-term storage. The results were compared to the properties of conventional fuels that met all normative requirements. The studies have shown that the fuel slightly deviating from the standard parameters does not noticeably affect the useful properties of the vehicle.

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12

Shekhawat, Dushyant, David A. Berry, Daniel J. Haynes, and James J. Spivey. "Fuel constituent effects on fuel reforming properties for fuel cell applications." Fuel 88, no. 5 (May 2009): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.10.030.

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13

Barnabas Uchenna Ugwuanyi, Christian Chikezie Aka, and Thomas Okechukwu Onah. "Performance evaluation of waste palm oil diesel as alternative diesel engine fuel." International Journal of Engineering Research Updates 3, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijeru.2022.3.1.0042.

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The paper aims to evaluating the performance of palm oil based- waste cooking oil biodiesel as alternative diesel engine fuel. The methodology of the study was experimental. The waste oil was two-step transesterified and chemically analyzed to establish physico-chemical properties of biodiesel. The test fuels were evaluated for brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (ηth) at varying brake power on test rig consisting of Mazda engine coupled with a power take off propeller inserted in the power take off shape to Froude hydraulic dynamometer. The results showed that at all brake power, the BSFC decreased as strength of diesel increased in the blend. At brake power of 15KW, brake specific fuel consumption (kg/KWh) for BD25, BD50, BD75, BD100 and AGO were 0.41, 0.40, 0.38, 0.44 and 0.37 respectively. The brake thermal efficiency, at that instant of brake power of 15KW, were 22.2, 21, 20.8, 23.8 and21.5 for BD25, BD50, BD75, B100 and AGO in that order. As the load increased, brake thermal efficiency (ηth) increased for all the test fuels utilized while the brake specific fuel consumption decreases. These characteristics were closely associated with physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel. In conclusion, waste palm oil biodiesel demonstrated characteristics of lean, cleaner but high performance fuel in IC engine.

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14

Chang, David Y. Z., Jon H. Van Gerpen, Inmok Lee, Lawrence A. Johnson, Earl G. Hammond, and Stephen J. Marley. "Fuel properties and emissions of soybean oil esters as diesel fuel." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 73, no. 11 (November 1996): 1549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02523523.

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15

Rosfjord, T. J. "Role of fuel chemical properties on combustor radiative heat load." Journal of Propulsion and Power 3, no. 6 (November 1987): 494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23016.

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16

Kuszewski, Hubert. "Physical and Chemical Properties of 1-Butanol–Diesel Fuel Blends." Energy & Fuels 32, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 11619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02912.

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17

Lautenschütz, Ludger, Dorian Oestreich, Philipp Seidenspinner, Ulrich Arnold, Eckhard Dinjus, and Jörg Sauer. "Physico-chemical properties and fuel characteristics of oxymethylene dialkyl ethers." Fuel 173 (June 2016): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.01.060.

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18

Vaghasiya, Kaushal K., Jaimin J. Kacha, Nevin N. Thumar, V. D. Pandit, and Harshit J. Rupapara. "The Wide Fuel and its Characteristics." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 7, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v7i7.5328.

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Water in diesel emulsion is an optional fuel, has a potential to reduce the formation of both nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxides and particulate matters in diesel engine. Thus the performance of this emulsified fuel strongly depends on the type of emulsion, stability of emulsion, amount of surfactant and the physio-chemical properties. In this study, water in diesel emulsion fuels of 5%, 10%, 20%, 25% water by volume was prepared by a mechanical stirrer. Physical and chemical properties of emulsion were examined as this properties could influence the spray characteristic of the emulsion which can affect the ignition delay and flame propagation, the carbon contents for emulsified fuel with 10% and 20% were low droplet size of the emulsion was found to be less than 2 µm. The water content in the emulsified fuel also include the amount of surfactant density and viscosity was found to be higher for all of the water in diesel emulsion the pure diesel.

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19

Lacey, Joshua, Karthik Kameshwaran, Sakthish Sathasivam, Zoran Filipi, William Cannella, and Peter A. Fuentes-Afflick. "Effects of refinery stream gasoline property variation on the auto-ignition quality of a fuel and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087416647646.

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The combination of in-cylinder thermal environment and fuel ignition properties plays a critical role in the homogeneous charge compression ignition engine combustion process. The properties of fuels available in the automotive market vary considerably and display different auto-ignition behaviors for the same intake charge conditions. Thus, in order for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) technology to become practically viable, it is necessary to characterize the impact of differences in fuel properties as a source of ignition/combustion variability. To quantify the differences, 15 gasolines composed of blends made from refinery streams were investigated in a single-cylinder homogeneous charge compression ignition engine. The properties of the refinery stream blends were varied according to research octane number, sensitivity (S = research octane number − motor octane number) and volumetric contents of aromatics and olefins. Nine fuels contained 10% ethanol by volume, and six more were blended with 20% ethanol. Pure ethanol (E100) and an un-oxygenated baseline fuel (RD3-87) were included too. For each fuel, a sweep of intake temperature at a consistent load and engine speed was conducted, and the combustion phasing given by the crank angle of 50% mass fraction burned was tracked to assess the sensitivity of auto-ignition to fuel chemical kinetics. The experimental results provided a wealth of information for predicting the HCCI combustion phasing from the given properties of a fuel. In this study, the original octane index correlation proposed by Kalghatgi based solely on fuel research octane number and motor octane number was found to be insufficient for characterizing homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion of refinery stream fuels. A new correlation was developed for estimation of auto-ignition properties of practical fuels in the typical HCCI engine. Fuel composition, captured by terms indicating the fraction of aromatics, olefins, saturates and ethanol, was added to generate the following formula: [Formula: see text]. The results indicate a significantly improved estimation of combustion phasing for gasoline fuels of varying chemical composition under low-temperature combustion conditions. Quantitative findings of this investigation and the new octane index correlation can be used for designing robust HCCI control strategies, capable of handling the wide spectrum of fuel chemical compositions found in pump gasoline.

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20

Gabet, Emmanuel J., and Andy Bookter. "Physical, chemical and hydrological properties of Ponderosa pine ash." International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 3 (2011): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09105.

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In this study, ash is analysed as a geological material; in particular, we focus on ash produced by the burning of Ponderosa pine, a conifer that is widespread throughout mountainous landscapes of western North America. One set of ash samples used in the analyses was collected from a wildfire site and another set was created in the laboratory. We found that the median particle size of the ash was in the fine sand to silt range with at least 25–50% of the particle size distribution in the appropriate range for maintaining debris flow behaviour. Measurements of the infiltration capacity of ash found values similar to fine sands, indicating that a layer of ash can reduce the infiltration capacity of coarse soils. The elemental composition of ashes analysed through inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry was dominated by Ca, K, Mg, P, Mn, Fe and Al. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of calcite, quartz and feldspars in ashes created from a variety of fuels; fuel type and combustion temperature were found to have a dominant control on ash mineralogy. The results suggest that the elemental and mineral composition of ash could be used to identify dominant fuel sources and combustion temperatures.

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21

Yao, B., V. L. Kuznetsov, T. Xiao, X. Jie, S. Gonzalez-Cortes, J. R. Dilworth, H. A. Al-Megren, S. M. Alshihri, and P. P. Edwards. "Fuels, power and chemical periodicity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2180 (August 17, 2020): 20190308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0308.

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The insatiable—and ever-growing—demand of both the developed and the developing countries for power continues to be met largely by the carbonaceous fuels comprising coal, and the hydrocarbons natural gas and liquid petroleum. We review the properties of the chemical elements, overlaid with trends in the periodic table, which can help explain the historical—and present—dominance of hydrocarbons as fuels for power generation. However, the continued use of hydrocarbons as fuel/power sources to meet our economic and social needs is now recognized as a major driver of dangerous global environmental changes, including climate change, acid deposition, urban smog and the release of many toxic materials. This has resulted in an unprecedented interest in and focus on alternative, renewable or sustainable energy sources. A major area of interest to emerge is in hydrogen energy as a sustainable vector for our future energy needs. In that vision, the issue of hydrogen storage is now a key challenge in support of hydrogen-fuelled transportation using fuel cells. The chemistry of hydrogen is itself beautifully diverse through a variety of different types of chemical interactions and bonds forming compounds with most other elements in the periodic table. In terms of their hydrogen storage and production properties, we outline various relationships among hydride compounds and materials of the chemical elements to provide some qualitative and quantitative insights. These encompass thermodynamic and polarizing strength properties to provide such background information. We provide an overview of the fundamental nature of hydrides particularly in relation to the key operating parameters of hydrogen gravimetric storage density and the desorption/operating temperature at which the requisite amount of hydrogen is released for use in the fuel cell. While we await the global transition to a completely renewable and sustainable future, it is also necessary to seek CO 2 mitigation technologies applied to the use of fossil fuels. We review recent advances in the strategy of using hydrocarbon fossil fuels themselves as compounds for the high capacity storage and production of hydrogen without any CO 2 emissions. Based on these advances, the world may end up with a hydrogen economy completely different from the one it had expected to develop; remarkably, with ‘Green hydrogen' being derived directly from the hydrogen-stripping of fossil fuels. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mendeleev and the periodic table'.

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22

Rai, Ashutosh Kumar, Bhupendra Singh Chauhan, Naveen Kumar, Haeng Muk Cho, and Amrita Pandey. "Physico Chemical Analysis of Linseed Oil and its Blends as a Potential Fuel for Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.405.

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To address the twin problems of fast depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation, there is an urgent need to reduce dependence on petroleum derived fuels for better economy and environment. Adaptation of bio-origin alternative fuels can address both these issues. Liquid bio-origin fuels are renewable fuels coming from biological sources and have proved to be a good substitute for petroleum derived oil and environmentally-sustainable solution. To sustain agricultural and agro-engineering needs blends of linseed oil with diesel is a better solution. Present study shows the comparative assessment of physical and chemical analysis of Linseed oil and its blends asa potential fuel for internal combustion diesel engine. To understand diesel engines fuel properties of vegetable oils and comparable physico-chemical properties such as calorific value, kinematic viscosity and density were measured for different fuel blends to predict its suitability as replacement or extender of mineral diesel. The fatty acid composition was measured by using a chromatograph. From the results, it is clear that the physico-chemical properties of linseed oil lies in close resemblance with lower calorific value high viscosity. When blended in the v/v ratio of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% its calorific value decreases with increase of percentage blends, whereas viscosity and density increases with increase of blend ratio. Linseed oil hence can be recommended as a potential fuel for Diesel engine in neat or blended form without any major change in present design, in the hour of energy need.

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23

Nae, Catalin, Irina-Carmen Andrei, Gabriela-Liliana Stroe, and Sorin Berbente. "Integration of Fuels Types and Chemical Properties with the Design of the Rocket Engine�s Bell Exhaust Nozzle and Combustion Chamber." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.1.7872.

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The chemical properties of the fuels are crucial for obtaining the numerical accuracy during the design and performance analysis in case of liquid fuel propelled rocket engines, as well as the trajectory optimization. In this paper, the research was primarly focused on optimizing the numerical accuracy for non-linear two-dimensional approximation the Fuel Combustion Charts; secondarily, the investigation was carried on the design of the bell-nozzle of a liquid propelled rocket engine, taking into account the variation of the coefficients which are significant for expressing the fuels chemical properties. From the Fuel Combustion Charts, the authors selected a the LOX - Kerosene combination for propelling the rocket engine, due to the most convenient matching with the technology and material specifications, safety and environmental friendly requirements; from the LOX-Kerosene Charts, the authors have originally developed a method to obtain the expression of a non-linear approximation function of two variables. The design of the bell shaped nozzle and combustion chamber for a liquid propelled rocket engine was included, in purpose to illustrate the link between the LPRE design and the fuels types and chemical properties.

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24

Yusaf, Talal, Mohd Kamal Kamarulzaman, Abdullah Adam, Sakinah Hisham, Devarajan Ramasamy, Kumaran Kadirgama, Mahendran Samykano, and Sivaraos Subramaniam. "Physical-Chemical Properties Modification of Hermetia Illucens Larvae Oil and Diesel Fuel for the Internal Combustion Engines Application." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 8073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218073.

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The use of insects as a biofuel feedstock has received limited research, and little is known about the fuel characteristics of insect biofuel. Fuel properties characterization can guide researchers focused on renewable fuel for the internal combustion engine. Therefore, this investigation focused on the physical-chemical properties modification of Hermetia illucens larvae oil (HILO) and diesel fuel blends, which could highly become an alternative renewable fuel. Five test fuel blends of HILO and diesel fuel were prepared at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% on a volume basis. Fuel properties such as chemical composition, density, viscosity, heating value, cetane number, and flash point of the test fuel blends were analyzed and compared to the diesel fuel. The main physical-chemical properties of HILO-diesel fuel blends were determined following the ASTM standards. Based on the results, the density, viscosity, cetane number, and flash point of the diesel fuel-HILO fuel blends were increased by 11.28%, 740.30%, 16.92%, and 86.67%, respectively, with the addition of HILO, except for the heating value reduced by 13.66%.

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25

Cookson, David J., C. Paul Lloyd, and Brian E. Smith. "Investigation of the chemical basis of kerosene (jet fuel) specification properties." Energy & Fuels 1, no. 5 (September 1987): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00005a011.

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26

Gominho, Jorge, Ana Lourenço, Isabel Miranda, and Helena Pereira. "Chemical and fuel properties of stumps biomass from Eucalyptus globulus plantations." Industrial Crops and Products 39 (September 2012): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.01.026.

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27

Ruan, Hao, Yulin Qin, Joshua Heyne, Rafal Gieleciak, Maoqi Feng, and Bin Yang. "Chemical compositions and properties of lignin-based jet fuel range hydrocarbons." Fuel 256 (November 2019): 115947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115947.

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28

Ardeshiri, Sh. "The impact of physico-chemical properties of the jet fuel and biofuels on the characteristics of gas-turbine engines." Civil Aviation High Technologies 22, no. 6 (December 26, 2019): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2019-22-6-8-16.

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The current development trend of global civil aviation is the growth of passenger and freight traffic, which entails the consumption of jet fuel. Under these conditions, increasing the efficiency of jet fuel used is of great importance. Global energy consumption is constantly growing, and, first of all, the question of diversification of oil resources arises, resources from which the bulk of motor fuels is produced. Other types of raw energy sources (natural gas, coal, bio-mass) currently account for only a small part. However, an analysis of the development of jet fuels indicates that work is underway to obtain these from other sources of raw materials, especially bio-fuels. Much attention is given to obtaining bio-fuels from renewable sources – such as algae. The issue of the mass transition of civil aviation to alternative fuels is complex and requires the solution of intricate technical as well as economic issues. One of these is the assessment of the impact of new fuels on GTE performance. It is important to give an objective and quick assessment of the use of various types of fuels on the main characteristics of the engine – i.e., throttle and high-speed characteristics. In this case, it is necessary to take into account chemical processes in the chemical composition of new types of fuel. To assess the effect of fuels on the characteristics of a gas turbine engine, it is proposed to use a mathematical model that would take into account the main characteristics of the fuel itself. Therefore, the work proposes a mathematical model for calculating the characteristics of a gas turbine engine taking into account changes in the properties of the fuel itself. A comparison is made of the percentage of a mixture of biofuels and JetA1 kerosene, as well as pure JetA1 and TC-1 kerosene. The calculations, according to the proposed model, are consistent with the obtained characteristics of a gas turbine engine in operation when using JetA1 and TC-1 kerosene. Especially valuable are the obtained characteristics of a gas turbine engine depending on a mixture of biofuel and kerosene. It was found that a mixture of biofuel and kerosene changes the physicochemical characteristics of fuel and affects the change in engine thrust and specific fuel consumption. It is shown that depending on the obtained physicochemical properties of a mixture of biofuel and kerosene, it is possible to increase the fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of the gas turbine engines used.

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29

Li, Qiang. "Ethanol and Diesel Fuel Mix the Preparation and Physical and Chemical Properties of Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.3.

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To ethanol fuel engine performance and the physical and chemical properties were introduced, and the mixed fuel ethanol diesel phase solublecharacteristic test, hybrid fuel mixture fuel of cold, mixed fuel filter point of viscosity and lubricity, mixed fuel distillation range and hybrid hexadecane value, hybrid density and calorific value and mixed fuel phase separation and stability analysis of numerical calculation.

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30

Magalhães, Mateus Alves de, Angélica De Cássia Oliveira Carneiro, Benedito Rocha Vital, Carlos Miguel Simões da Silva, Emylle Veloso Santos Costa, and Paulo Fernando Trugilho. "CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PELLETS OF Pinus sp. TORREFIED IN A SCREW TYPE REACTOR." FLORESTA 48, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v48i4.52766.

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The combination of pelletization and torrefaction allows for obtaining pellets with higher energetic density. Thus, biomass becomes more attractive and usable for energetic purposes, and therefore, knowing the chemical properties becomes important to guarantee the quality of the torrefied pellets for fuel. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of torrefaction of Pinus sp. pellets on their chemical properties. The wood was previously transformed into particles and dried to 16% moisture content for further pelleting. For the torrefaction, the pellets were dried to 0% moisture content and subjected to heat treatment in a screw type reactor at the temperatures of 210, 250, and 290 °C and the times of 10, 20, and 30 minutes. In order to determine the chemical properties, the structural chemical composition, immediate chemical composition, elemental composition, and thermogravimetric analysis were performed. The torrefaction promoted significant changes in the chemical properties of Pinus sp. pellets, especially regarding the proportional increase of carbon content in detriment to oxygen reduction, increase of the thermal stability, and proportional increase of the lignin content by the reduction of the hemicelluloses. This improves the energetic quality of the biomass and turns it into a more competitive fuel when compared to fossil fuels.

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31

Górska-Włodarczyk, Wioletta. "Problems of water separation from diesel fuel." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 69, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.3624.

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This study presents the effect of water on the quality of diesel fuel, including the chemical effects of its presence in the fuel. The issues of purifying diesel fuel from water (i.e. its separation from fuels) with the currently used filtering materials were analysed. The possibilities of improving the efficiency of the water pollution removal process through the use of filters made of graphene materials were presented, based on tests performed for other types of fuels. Additionally, the bactericidal properties of graphene compounds were indicated, which show the ability to eliminate a microbial contamination of fuels occurring in the presence of water. Keywords: diesel fuel, water separation, graphene filters, fuel filtration

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32

Williams, P. T., S. Besler, and D. T. Taylor. "The Batch Pyrolysis of Tyre Waste—Fuel Properties of the Derived Pyrolytic Oil and Overall Plant Economics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 207, no. 1 (February 1993): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_007_02.

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Estimates for the generation of scrap tyres in the European Community are of the order of 1.5 million tonnes per year, including approximately 0.4 million tonnes per year from the United Kingdom. The majority of the tyre waste is dumped in open or landfill sites but represents a large wasted energy potential. Incineration has been considered as an alternative to dumping in an effort to utilize the high calorific value of scrap tyres; however, this disposal route may not maximize the potential economic recovery of energy and chemical materials from the waste. Pyrolysis of tyres is currently receiving renewed attention, since the derived oils may be used directly as fuels or added to petroleum refinery feedstocks; they may also be an important source of refined chemicals. The derived gases are also useful as fuel and the solid char has the potential to be used either as smokeless fuel, carbon black or activated carbon. In this paper, halved and whole scrap tyres were pyrolysed in a commercial two tonne per day batch pyrolysis unit at furnace temperatures from 700 to 950°C. The proportion of derived products was dependent on pyrolysis conditions, with a maximum yield of 30 per cent oil. The fuel properties of the derived oils, including calorific value, flash point, carbon residue, viscosity, sulphur content, etc., were analysed and compared to refined petroleum products. In addition the benzene, xylene, toluene, limonene and styrene concentration of the oils was determined to assess the potential of the oils as a source of chemical feedstocks. The oils were also analysed in terms of their chemical composition via liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and molecular mass range. The pyrolytic oils derived from tyres showed properties that were dependent on pyrolytic conditions and showed fuel properties comparable to those of petroleum products.

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33

Yamik, Hasan. "An investigation of effect of biodiesel and aviation fuel jeta-1 mixtures performance and emissions on diesel engine." Thermal Science 18, no. 1 (2014): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130410007y.

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Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines which doesn?t contain pollutants and sulfur; on the contrary it contains oxygen. In addition, both physical and chemical properties of sunflower oil methyl ester (SME) are identical to diesel fuel. Conversely, diesel and biodiesel fuels are widely used with some additives to reduce viscosity, increase the amount of cetane, and improve combustion efficiency. This study uses diesel fuel, SME and its mixture with aviation fuel JetA-1 which are widely used in the aviation industry. . Fuel mixtures were used in 1-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine under full load and variable engine speeds. In this experiment, engine performance and emission level are investigated. As a conclusion, as the JetA-1 ratio increases in the mixture, lower nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission is measured. Also, specific fuel consumption is lowered.

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34

Bhandare, Prithviraj, and G. R. Naik. "Functional Properties of Neem Oil as Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production." International Letters of Natural Sciences 34 (February 2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.34.7.

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Fossil fuel resources are decreasing daily while biodiesel fuels are attracting increasing attention worldwide as blending components or direct replacements for diesel fuel in vehicle engines. In this experiment the seed oils of 30 Neem (Azadirachta indica. A. juss) biotypes were screened and evaluated for their physio-chemical parameters for oil content, biodiesel yield, density, viscosity, iodine value , free fatty acid and saponification value. Hence the neem seed oil tested in this current study could be the potential sources of raw material for biodiesel production.

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35

Bhandare, Prithviraj, and G. R. Naik. "Functional Properties of Neem Oil as Potential Feedstock for Biodiesel Production." International Letters of Natural Sciences 34 (February 17, 2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-j9t0m3.

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Fossil fuel resources are decreasing daily while biodiesel fuels are attracting increasing attention worldwide as blending components or direct replacements for diesel fuel in vehicle engines. In this experiment the seed oils of 30 Neem (Azadirachta indica. A. juss) biotypes were screened and evaluated for their physio-chemical parameters for oil content, biodiesel yield, density, viscosity, iodine value , free fatty acid and saponification value. Hence the neem seed oil tested in this current study could be the potential sources of raw material for biodiesel production.

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36

Chernysheva, Anna, Anna Cherepanova, Boris Kolobkov, Alexey Kornev, and Stanislav Nagornov. "A PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL AND COMPOSITION FUELS." SCIENCE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIA, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35887/2305-2538-2022-5-120-133.

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Several properties that determine the suitability of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as a diesel fuel component have been identified based on a literature review. The two properties that change the most with changes in the feedstock are considered the most important. These are the limiting filterability temperature and oxidative stability. The optimal fatty acid composition of FAMEs for these two indicators has been proposed: relatively low content of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids and a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids. A comparison of the physicochemical and operational properties of methyl esters of camelina and rapeseed oils after their storage was carried out. It was determined that the density and viscosity indicators slightly exceed the upper limit established for diesel fuels according to GOST 32511, while high cetane numbers and good lubricity should be noted. A preliminary conclusion that this fuel in its pure form (B100) can be stored for at least 5 years can be drawn from the zero value of the FAME hydroperoxide value of camelina oil with a shelf life of 5 years It is logical to assume that impurities, including natural antioxidants (tocopherols), which are part of biodiesel from unrefined oil, help protect oxidative processes from radical interaction with atmospheric oxygen.

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37

Liu, Z., and G. A. Karim. "An Examination of the Ignition Delay Period in Gas-Fueled Diesel Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818080.

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Changes in the physical and chemical processes during the ignition delay period of a gas-fueled diesel engine (dual-fuel engine) due to the increased admission of the gaseous fuels and diluents are examined. The extension to the chemical aspects of the ignition delay with the added gaseous fuels and the diluents into the cylinder charge is evaluated using detailed reaction kinetics for the oxidation of dual-fuel mixtures at an adiabatic constant volume process while employing n-heptane as a representative of the main components of the diesel fuel. In the examination of the physical aspects of the delay period, the relative contributions of changes in charge temperature, pressure, physical properties, pre-ignition energy release, heat transfer, and the residual gas effects due to the admission of the gaseous fuels are discussed and evaluated. It is shown that the introduction of gaseous fuels and diluents into the diesel engine can substantially affect both the physical and chemical processes within the ignition delay period. The major extension of the delay is due to the chemical factors, which strongly depend on the type of gaseous fuel used and its concentration in the cylinder charge.

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38

Kaźmierczak, Urszula W., Andrzej Kulczycki, and Dariusz Ozimina. "THE INFLUENCE OF SYNTHETIC HYDROCARBON ON LUBRICATING PROPERTIES OF FUELS FOR TURBINE ENGINES." Tribologia 296, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5860.

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Recently, steps have been taken to introduce synthetic hydrocarbons to aviation fuels as biocomponents. This action is an innovative change in the approach to aviation fuels. This new approach to the assessment of fuel properties requires a revision of the existing criteria for their quality assessment, including those relating to tribological properties. In the requirements for Jet fuel, only the BOCLE test simulating continuous circular motion was used to assess lubricity. Research on the use of fuels containing components with highly differentiated chemical compositions indicate that the BOCLE test may be an insufficient criterion for assessing the lubricity of fuels for aircraft turbine engines. An additional HFRR test modelling the processes accompanying the reciprocating friction that occurs in some lubricated elements of the fuel system has been proposed. This article presents the results of BOCLE and HFRR tests on a range of Jet A1 fuel mixtures and various synthetic paraffin hydrocarbons. A preliminary analysis of the observed effect of synthetic hydrocarbons on the results of both tests is presented.

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39

Kofanova, O., O. Kofanov, A. Sinyagovskiy, V. Ivanov, A. Guzan, and A. Borsuk. "CONTROL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FUELS, FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RECOVERED OILS USING EXPRESS METHODS." Scientific bulletin of the Tavria State Agrotechnological University 11, no. 2 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2220-8674-2021-2-21.

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40

Chivukula, Venkata Kalyan, and M. V. Aditya Nag. "Comparative Analysis on Characteristics of Gasoline & Gasoline Methanol Blend." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.111.

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Researchers, environmentalists, and policy makers are keen to reduce the dependency on use of fossil fuels towards climate change. Various alternatives are being implemented for alternate sources of energy for transportation sector; Biofuels can reduce the dependency on the import of the fossil fuels. Different kind of biofuels are available compositions are alcohols, ethers, esters etc. Commonly available biofuels are ethanol, methanol and biodiesel. They can be produced from various thermo-chemical and bio-chemical processes. Methanol has been gaining momentum as a potential alternative for traditional fossil fuels in transportation sector. There is an increased trend in the development of methanol as a fuel around the world. This paper deals with the study of the use of methanol as an automotive fuel. Methanol has certain positive properties on the vehicle’s performance. However, methanol cannot be used directly as a fuel in the vehicles due to volatility and compatibility issues. But it could be used as a blend with the gasoline for its characteristics such as high octane number and lower emissions. Blending of methanol with gasoline will have affect on the properties of blend, this paper discusses about the change in properties and its effects on engine.

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41

Gu¨lder, O¨ L. "Combustion Gas Properties: Part II—Prediction of Partial Pressures of CO2 and H2O in Combustion Gases of Aviation and Diesel Fuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 108, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239929.

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Empirical formulae are presented by means of which the partial pressures of CO2 and H2O in the combustion gases of aviation fuel-air and diesel fuel-air systems can be calculated as functions of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio, and hydrogen-to-carbon atomic ratio of the fuel. The formulae have been developed by fitting the data from a detailed chemical equilibrium code to a functional expression. Comparisons of the results from the proposed formulae with the results obtained from a chemical equilibrium code have shown that the mean absolute error in predicted partial pressures is around 0.8 percent. These formulae provide a very fast and easy means of predicting partial pressures of CO2 and H2O as compared to equilibrium calculations, and they are also applicable to gasolines, residual fuels, and pure alkanes and aromatics as well as aviation and diesel fuels.

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42

Serdyukova, E. Yu, Yu V. Kozhevnikova, A. A. Perminova, and L. R. Galikeeva. "Possibility of Liquid Biocomponent Usage in the Production of Commercial Diesel Fuel." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 630, no. 2 (2022): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/0023-1169-2022-630-2-3-7.

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The article presents a description of the technique for compounding petroleum diesel fuel and a fraction of 180-240°C obtained from a liquid bioproduct of pyrolysis of plant materials. The physicochemical properties and group chemical composition of the fraction of plant origin have been studied. The results of the physicochemical properties of the resulting mixtures of diesel fuel are presented. Permissible concentrations of the biocomponent in the preparation of mixed biodiesel fuels have been established.

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43

Islam, Md Aminul, M. Anwarul Kabir Bhuiya, and M. Saidul Islam. "A Review on Chemical Synthesis Process of Platinum Nanoparticles." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v1i2.215.

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Nanoparticles are key components in the advancement of future energy technologies; thus, strategies for preparing nanoparticles in large volume by techniques that are cost-effective are required. In the substitution of fossil-fuels by renewable energy resources, nanometersized particles play a key role for synthesizing energy vectors from varying and heterogeneous biomass feedstocks. They are extensively used in reformers for the production of hydrogen from solid, liquid, or gaseous energy carriers. Catalyst activities depend critically on their size-dependent properties. Nanoparticles are further indispensable as electrocatalysts in fuel cells and other electrochemical converters. The desire to increase the activity per unit area, and decrease the necessary amount of the expensive catalytic standard, It is clear that performance and commercialization of fuel cells depend on electrode materials performance. The application of pt nanomaterials as an electrode in the field of fuel cell has become a new, growing area of interest in recent years. We review chemical process for synthesis of pt nanoparticles. Recent developments in syntheses process of pure & mixed platinum nanoparticles has briefly reviewed specifically for applications in fuel cells. As the physicochemical properties of noble-metal nanostructures are strongly dependent upon shape and size, the development of reliable synthesis methods for the production of nanocrystals with well-defined size and morphology have been discussed briefly. The role of nanostructured supports for the nanoparticles, such as ordered mesoporous carbon, dendrimer have also discussed. And size of the nanoparticles obtained in deferent process and their temperature dependence has also discussed briefly.

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44

Lautenschütz, Ludger, Dorian Oestreich, Philipp Seidenspinner, Ulrich Arnold, Eckhard Dinjus, and Jörg Sauer. "Corrigendum to “Physico-chemical properties and fuel characteristics of oxymethylene dialkyl ethers” [Fuel 173 (2016) 129–137]." Fuel 209 (December 2017): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.07.083.

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45

Qi, Tian, Guanyi Chen, Tingzhou Lei, Beibei Yan, and Zhiwei Wang. "A Comparison on Physical and Chemical Properties of Several Alternative Fuel Formulas." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2015.1485.

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46

Kupecki, Jakub. "Modelling of Physical, Chemical, and Material Properties of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/414950.

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This paper provides a review of modelling techniques applicable for system-level studies to account for physical, chemical, and material properties of solid oxide fuel cells. Functionality of 0D to 3D models is discussed and selected examples are given. Author provides information on typical length scales in evaluation of power systems with solid oxide fuel cells. In each section, proper examples of previous studies done in the field of 0D–3D modelling are recalled and discussed.

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47

CHIN, J. S., and A. H. LEFEBVRE. "Influence of Fuel Chemical Properties on Soot Emissions from Gas Turbine Combustors." Combustion Science and Technology 73, no. 1-3 (September 1990): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209008951664.

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48

Wu, Zhiyong, Yebing Mao, Liang Yu, Sixu Wang, Jin Xia, Yong Qian, and Xingcai Lu. "Surrogate Formulation for Marine Diesel Considering Some Important Fuel Physical–Chemical Properties." Energy & Fuels 33, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 3539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b04253.

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49

Giannelos, P. N., F. Zannikos, S. Stournas, E. Lois, and G. Anastopoulos. "Tobacco seed oil as an alternative diesel fuel: physical and chemical properties." Industrial Crops and Products 16, no. 1 (July 2002): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-6690(02)00002-x.

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50

Tan, E. S., P. Kumaran, T. M. Indra, and K. Yoshikawa. "Effect of Non-Edible Biodiesel Physical and Chemical Properties as Microturbine Fuel." Energy Procedia 142 (December 2017): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.065.

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