Journal articles: 'Chelodina longicollis'

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Santori, Claudia, Ricky-John Spencer, James U. Van Dyke, and Michael B. Thompson. "Road mortality of the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) along the Murray River, Australia: an assessment using citizen science." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17065.

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Turtles face a variety of threats (e.g. habitat destruction, introduced predators) that are pushing many species towards extinction. Vehicle collisions are one of the main causes of mortality of adult freshwater turtles. To conceptualise the level of threat that roads pose to Australians turtles, we analysed data gathered through the citizen science project TurtleSAT along the Murray River. We recorded 124 occurrences of turtle road mortality, which included all three local species (Chelodina expansa, Chelodina longicollis, and Emydura macquarii). Chelodina longicollis was the most commonly reported species killed on roads. We found that rain and time of year affect the likelihood of C. longicollis being killed on roads: increased turtle mortality is associated with rain events and is highest during the month of November, which coincides with their nesting season. Chelodina longicollis was most likely to be killed on the Hume Highway and roads around major urban centres; therefore, we recommend that governing bodies focus management practices and increase awareness at these locations. The degree of road mortality that we detected in this study requires mitigation, as it may contribute to the decline of C. longicollis along the Murray River.

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Chessman, BC. "Seasonal and Diel Activity of Fresh-Water Turtles in the Murray Valley, Victoria and New South-Wales." Wildlife Research 15, no. 3 (1988): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880267.

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Activity cycles of Chelodina expansa, C. longicollis and Emydura macquarii were inferred from captures in baited traps set in the Murray River and Lake Boga. C. expansa and E, macquarii were caught only from October to April, while C. longicollis was taken in all months but June and July. Minimum water temperatures at capture were highest for C. expansa and lowest for C. longicollis. Diel cycles of catch rate were often weak, but tended to be bimodal for all species, with peaks near dawn and in the afternoon or evening. Unlike the Chelodina species, E. macquarii was ofen caught near midnight. In the laboratory (at c.24�C with light:dark 12:12 h), the average diel pattern of locomotor activity was weakly bimodal in C. expansa, strongly bimodal in C. longicollis and unimodal in E. macquarii.

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Chessman, BC. "Habitat Preferences of Fresh-Water Turtles in the Murray Valley, Victoria and New-South-Wales." Wildlife Research 15, no. 5 (1988): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880485.

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Preferences of Chelodina expansa, Chelodina longicollis and Emydura macquarii (Testudines : Chelidae) for different types of aquatic habitat on the Murray River flood plain in south-eastern Australia were inferred from catch statistics. E. macquarii was the species most often caught in the river itself and river backwaters, whereas C. longicollis formed the majority of captures from oxbow lakes, anabranches, ponds, rain pools and a swamp. Relative abundance of E. macquarii was significantly positively correlated with water body depth, transparency, persistence during dry conditions and flow speed, and negatively correlated with remoteness from the river. C. longicollis demonstrated the opposite pattern, and the proportional catch of C. expansa was weakly correlated with environmental variables. The capacity of C. longicollis for colonising and surviving in small, remote and ephemeral ponds and pools relates to its ability to aestivate and resist desiccation and its propensity for overland migration.

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Shkabura, Daryna, and Yaroslav Stepanyuk. "Морфогенез органа нюху східної довгошийої черепахи (Chelodina longicollis)." Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University Scientific Bulletin. Series: Biological Sciences, no. 2(390) (March 9, 2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2617-4723-2020-390-2-66-71.

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Вивчення розвитку нюхового аналізатора рептилій є дуже важливим в еволюційному та порівняльно-анатомічному аспектах. Нюховий аналізатор різних рептилій має суттєві відмінності в будові. У ящірок та змій нюховий аналізатор анатомічно розділений на основну та додаткову (вомероназальну) системи. Нюховий орган черепах має відмінні риси організації. У більшості черепах в нюховому органі відсутнє морфологічне розмежування основного нюхового та вомероназального органа.У роботі описано ключові стадії розвитку структур нюхового органа східної довгошийої черепахи (Chelodina longicollis). Нюховий орган складається з присінка, власне нюхової порожнини та носоглоткового каналу, який відкривається в ротову порожнину хоанами. Носова порожнина розмежована вузькою ділянкою несенсорного епітелію на дорсальну частину, яка вистелена нюховим епітелієм, та вентральну, яка вистелена вомероназальним епітелієм. Вентральна частина носової порожнини утворює медіальне впячування, що значно збільшує об’єм вомероназального епітелію. Нюховий епітелій має чисельні залози Боумена, які відсутні у вомероназальному епітелії. Протока латеральної нюхової залози впадає на межі переходу присінка в носову порожнину та зволожує основний нюховий епітелій, який найбільше контактує з повітрям. Доказом наявності вомероназальної системи у черепахи слугує наявність вомероназального нерва, окремі волокна якого йдуть від вентральної частини носової порожнини до медіальної поверхні нюхової цибулини.

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Georges, a., RH Norris, and L. Wensing. "Diet of the Fresh-Water Turtle Chelodina-Longicollis (Testudines, Chelidae) From the Coastal Dune Lakes of the Jervis Bay Territory." Wildlife Research 13, no. 2 (1986): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860301.

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Chelodina longicollis is an opportunistic carnivore that obtains its food from a wide variety of sourcesplankton, nekton, benthic macro-organisms, carrion, and terrestrial organisms that fall upon the water. Although there are some quantitative differences between the littoral components of the diet and the composition of the littoral fauna, these can be attributed to differences in accessibility or 'noticeability' among prey species. There is no evidence to suggest that C, longicollis is selective in what it eats, within the confines of carnivory. Comparison of the diet of C. longicollis with those of other sympatric chelids reveals considerable overlap; the relevance of this to geographic variation in abundance of the species is discussed.

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Chessman, Bruce C. "Effects of temperature and exercise on metabolism of three species of Australian freshwater turtles: implications for responses to climate change." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 6 (2018): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18062.

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Oxygen consumption () of Chelodina expansa, C. longicollis and Emydura macquarii (Pleurodira: Chelidae) was measured at rest and during induced exercise at 8, 13, 18, 22, 26, 30 and 34°C. Resting varied significantly among species, being lowest in C. expansa, which is the most sedentary of the three species in nature, and highest in E. macquarii, which is the most energetic, but active did not differ significantly among the three species overall. For both Chelodina species, resting was appreciably lower than expected from regression of on body mass for non-marine turtles globally, a result that reinforces previous evidence of low resting metabolism in Australian chelid turtles. Active of all three species at higher temperatures was similar to reported for active freshwater cryptodires. Resting of all three species increased similarly with temperature, but active and aerobic scope did not. In C. expansa and E. macquarii, active and aerobic scope increased over the full temperature range assessed but in C. longicollis these variables reached a plateau above 22°C. Projected increases in freshwater temperatures in south-eastern Australia as a result of global warming are likely to enhance activity, feeding and growth of the three species (subject to food availability), especially in cooler seasons for C. longicollis and warmer seasons for C. expansa and E. macquarii. However, other aspects of predicted climate change, especially increased drought, are likely to be detrimental.

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Chessman, Bruce C. "Behavioural thermoregulation by Australian freshwater turtles: interspecific differences and implications for responses to climate change." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 2 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo20004.

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The abilities of freshwater turtles to control their body temperatures by behavioural means have implications for activity, food ingestion and digestion, growth, reproduction and potential responses to climate change. I compared various forms of basking in nature, and responses to aquatic and aerial photothermal gradients in the laboratory, among three species of Australian chelid turtles: Chelodina expansa, C. longicollis and Emydura macquarii. Proclivity for behavioural thermoregulation varied substantially among these species, being highest in C. longicollis and lowest in C. expansa. However, C. expansa had a thermophilic response to feeding. For C. longicollis and E. macquarii, behavioural thermoregulation may enhance colonisation of more southerly latitudes or higher elevations as climatic warming proceeds. However, increasing air temperatures may pose a hazard to turtles dispersing or sheltering terrestrially (for example, when water bodies dry during drought). C. longicollis appears the best placed of the three species to avoid this hazard through its abilities to thermoregulate behaviourally and to aestivate in terrestrial microenvironments that are buffered against temperature extremes.

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JAKES, K. A., P. J. O'DONOGHUE, and R. D. ADLARD. "Phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma chelodina and Trypanosoma binneyi from Australian tortoises and platypuses inferred from small subunit rRNA analyses." Parasitology 123, no. 5 (November 2001): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001008721.

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Trypanosome infections are often difficult to detect by conventional microscopy and their pleomorphy often confounds differential diagnosis. Molecular techniques are now being used to diagnose infections and to determine phylogenetic relationships between species. Complete small subunit rRNA gene sequences were determined for isolates of Trypanosoma chelodina from the Brisbane River tortoise (Emydura signata), the saw-shelled tortoise (Elseya latisternum), and the eastern snake-necked tortoise (Chelodina longicollis) from southeast Queensland, Australia. Partial sequence data were also obtained for T. binneyi from a platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) from Tasmania. Phylogenetic relationships between T. chelodina, T. binneyi and other species were examined by maximum parsimony and likelihood methods. The Australian tortoise and platypus trypanosomes did not exhibit any close phylogenetic relationships with those of mammals, reptiles or amphibians, but were closely related to each other, and to fish trypanosomes. This contra-indicates their co-evolution with their vertebrate hosts but does not exclude co-evolution with different groups of invertebrate vectors, notably insects and leeches.

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Burggren, Warren, Allan Smits, and Barbara Evans. "Arterial O₂ Homeostasis during Diving in the Turtle Chelodina longicollis." Physiological Zoology 62, no. 3 (May 1989): 668–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/physzool.62.3.30157920.

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Palmer-Allen, M., F. Beynon, and a. Georges. "Hatchling Sex Ratios are Independent of Temperature in Field Nests of the Long-necked Turtle, Chelodina longicollis (Testudinata : Chelidae)." Wildlife Research 18, no. 2 (1991): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910225.

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Eastern long-necked turtles, Chelodina longicollis, are known to lack heteromorphic sex chromosomes and to lack temperature-dependent sex determination when incubated under constant conditions. This study determined whether sex ratios of hatchlings emerging from natural nests of C. longicollis were different from that expected from constant temperature experiments. Temperatures in the eight nests monitored varied considerably each day (by 1.7-12.6�C), with eggs at the top of the nest experiencing the greatest variation (mean range 9.0�C) and eggs at the bottom experiencing least variation (mean range 5.3�C). Temperatures experienced by the top and bottom eggs differed by as much as 5.7�C at any one time. No monotonic seasonal trend was evident, but rainfall caused a sharp drop in nest temperatures. Sex ratios in hatchlings from 14 field nests of C. longicollis did not differ significantly from 1:1, a result in agreement with previous studies conducted at constant incubation temperatures in the laboratory.

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Chessman, Bruce C. "Declines of freshwater turtles associated with climatic drying in Australia." Wildlife Research 38, no. 8 (2011): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11108.

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Context While much attention has been paid to the effects of global temperature increases on the geographical ranges and phenologies of plants and animals, less is known about the impacts of climatically driven alteration of water regimes. Aims To assess how three species of freshwater turtle in Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin have responded to long-term decline in river flow and floodplain inundation due to climatic drying and water diversions. Methods Turtle populations were sampled in a section of the Murray River and its floodplain in 1976–82 following a wet period and in 2009–11 at the end of the most severe drought on record. Catch per unit effort, proportional abundance in different habitat types and population structure were assessed in both periods. Key results Catch per unit effort in baited hoop nets declined by 91% for the eastern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and 69% for the Murray turtle (Emydura macquarii), but did not change significantly for the broad-shelled turtle (Chelodina expansa). In addition, total catches from a range of sampling methods revealed a significantly reduced proportion of juvenile C. longicollis and E. macquarii in 2009–11, suggesting a fall in recruitment. Key conclusions The decline of C. longicollis was likely due mainly to drought-induced loss of critical floodplain habitat in the form of temporary water bodies, and that of E. macquarii to combined effects of drought and predation on recruitment. C. expansa seems to have fared better than the other two species because it is less vulnerable to nest predation than E. macquarii and better able than C. longicollis to find adequate nutrition in the permanent waters that remain during extended drought. Implications Declining water availability may be a widespread threat to freshwater turtles given predicted global impacts of climate change and water withdrawals on river flows. Understanding how each species uses particular habitats and how climatic and non-climatic threats interact would facilitate identification of vulnerable populations and planning of conservation actions.

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Barton, Diane P., and Simon Fearn. "Parasites in feral." Australian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 3 (March 22, 2022): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo21044.

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Feral populations of Chelodina longicollis (Shaw, 1794) have established in Tasmania but many aspects of their biology in the wild remain unknown. A number of C. longicollis specimens were available for examination for parasites. Two species of digenean parasites were found in three of the 11 turtles examined: a Choanocotyle sp. and Thrinascotrema brisbanica Jue Sue & Platt, 1999. This is the first report of parasites from feral turtles in Tasmania. Due to the lack of native populations of freshwater turtles in Tasmania, these parasites must also have been introduced to Tasmania and have established life cycles in the new environments. The implications of such introductions, without suitable definitive hosts available to assist in establishing parasite infections, is discussed. An updated list of digenean parasites reported from Australian freshwater turtles is presented.

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Johnson, Robert. "Dystocia in an Injured Common Eastern Long-Necked Turtle (Chelodina longicollis)." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 9, no. 3 (September 2006): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2006.05.010.

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Graham, Terry, Arthur Georges, and Neil McElhinney. "Terrestrial Orientation by the Eastern Long-Necked Turtle, Chelodina longicollis, from Australia." Journal of Herpetology 30, no. 4 (December 1996): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565689.

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Burgin, Shelley, and Adrian Renshaw. "Epizoochory, Algae and the Australian Eastern Long-Necked Turtle Chelodina Longicollis (Shaw)." American Midland Naturalist 160, no. 1 (July 2008): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)160[61:eaatae]2.0.co;2.

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Smith, R. V., and D. G. Satchell. "Innervation of the lung of the Australian snake-necked tortoise, Chelodina Longicollis." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology 87, no. 2 (January 1987): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(87)90035-1.

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Petrov, Kristen, Jessica Lewis, Natasha Malkiewicz, James U. Van Dyke, and Ricky-John Spencer. "Food abundance and diet variation in freshwater turtles from the mid-Murray River, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17060.

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Consumers usually respond to variations in prey availability by altering their foraging strategies. Generalist consumers forage on a diversity of resources and have greater potential to ‘switch’ their diet in response to fluctuations in prey availability, in comparison to specialist consumers. We aimed to determine how the diets of two specialist species (the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and the broad-shelled turtle (Chelodina expansa) and the more generalist Murray River short-necked turtle (Emydura macquarii) respond to variation in habitat and prey availability. We trapped and stomach-flushed turtles, and compared their diets along with environmental variables (turbidity, macrophyte and filamentous green algae cover, and aquatic invertebrate diversity and abundance) at four wetlands in north-central Victoria. Diets of E. macquarii differed from those of both Chelodina species, which overlapped, across all four sites. However, samples sizes for the two Chelodina species were too small to compare among-wetland variation in diet. Dietary composition of E. macquarii was variable but did not differ statistically among sites. Emydura macquarii preferentially selected filamentous green algae at three of the four sites. Where filamentous green algae were rare, total food bolus volume was reduced and E. macquarii only partially replaced it with other food items, including other vegetation, wood, and animal prey. Many turtles at these sites also had empty stomachs. Thus, filamentous green algae may be a limiting food for E. macquarii. Although E. macquarii has previously been described as a generalist, it appears to have limited ability to replace filamentous green algae with other food items when filamentous green algae are rare.

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Stokeld, Danielle, Andrew J. Hamer, Rodney van der Ree, Vincent Pettigrove, and Graeme Gillespie. "Factors influencing occurrence of a freshwater turtle in an urban landscape: a resilient species?" Wildlife Research 41, no. 2 (2014): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13205.

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Context Species vary broadly in their ability to adapt to urbanisation. Freshwater turtles are vulnerable to the loss and degradation of terrestrial and aquatic habitat in urban environments. There have been few publications investigating impacts of urbanisation on freshwater turtles in Australia. Aims We investigated the effects of urbanisation on the distribution and abundance of the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) in greater Melbourne. Methods We examined occurrence and relative abundance of C. longicollis at 55 wetlands across an urban–rural gradient in relation to site- and landscape-level factors. Occupancy was modelled using the program PRESENCE, and incorporated landscape and habitat covariates. A negative binomial regression model was used to examine the influence of landscape and habitat factors on relative abundance by using WinBUGS. Key results C. longicollis occupied 85% of the 55 wetlands we surveyed, and we found no evidence that wetland occupancy was influenced by the variables we measured. However, relative abundance was highest at wetlands with low water conductivity and heavy metal pollution, and in wetlands furthest from rivers. Conclusions C. longicollis appears to be resilient to urbanisation and is likely to persist in urban landscapes, possibly because of the creation of new wetlands in Australian cities. However, long-term studies focussed on demographic parameters, or survivorship, may elucidate as yet undetected effects of urbanisation. Although no specific management recommendations may be necessary for C. longicollis in urban areas at this time, this species may be in decline in non-urban areas as a result of climatic changes and wetland drying. Implications Our findings suggest that caution is required before drawing generalised conclusions on the impacts of urbanisation on turtles, as the effects are likely to be species-specific, dependent on specific ecology and life-history requirements. Further studies are required to ascertain these relationships for a wider array of species and over longer time spans.

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Georges, Arthur. "Sex Determination Is Independent of Incubation Temperature in Another Chelid Turtle, Chelodina longicollis." Copeia 1988, no. 1 (February 5, 1988): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1445946.

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Doody, J. Sean, John Roe, Phillip Mayes, and Lesley Ishiyama. "Telemetry tagging methods for some freshwater reptiles." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 4 (2009): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08158.

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Reptiles are often ignored or under-studied in freshwater systems. An understanding of their biology and thus their role in aquatic communities can be greatly advanced by studies using radio telemetry. In turn, the value of radio telemetry for research depends on the availability of suitable and reliable methods of attaching or implanting radio transmitters. The present study describes transmitter attachment and implantation techniques for selected freshwater reptiles, including the eastern and northern long-necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis and Chelodina rugosa, respectively), the pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta), Mertens’ water monitor (Varanus mertensi) and the water dragon (Physignathus lesueurii). The effectiveness of the methods for each species is described and the potential pitfalls and challenges of each method are discussed. The literature abounds with techniques for attachment and implantation techniques, and the methods used in the present study are not wholly novel. The aim, however, is to provide detailed summaries, in one paper, of effective methods for attachment and implantation of radio-tags for freshwater reptiles with a diversity of sizes, shapes and attachment surfaces. Despite the focus on Australian freshwater reptiles, these methods are applicable to aquatic reptiles worldwide.

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Chessman, Bruce C. "Slow and unsteady: growth of the Australian eastern long-necked turtle near the southern end of its natural range." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18001.

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Knowledge of growth rates and maturation times of freshwater turtles is important in assessing population viability. I analysed growth of Australian eastern long-necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis) from individual capture–recapture records spanning periods of up to 17 years for a population in Gippsland, Victoria, close to the high-latitude end of the species’ natural range. Juvenile growth was rapid and similar among individuals but adult growth was usually slow, highly variable among individuals and erratic within individuals over time. In addition, asymptotic body lengths were disparate among individuals for both males and females. Von Bertalanffy growth models fitted separately to males plus unsexed juveniles and females plus unsexed juveniles performed better than logistic models but tended to underestimate growth rates for very small and very large turtles and overestimate growth for medium-sized individuals. Sexual maturity was estimated to be achieved at 10 years in males and 16 years in females, which is late compared with most estimates for other populations of C. longicollis and for other turtle species in south-eastern Australia. The high variability of individual growth in this population makes age estimation from body size unreliable beyond the first few years of life.

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Kennett, R., A. Georges, and M. Palmerallen. "Early Developmental Arrest During Immersion of Eggs of a Tropical Fresh-Water Turtle, Chelodina-Rugosa (Testudinata, Chelidae), From Northern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 1 (1993): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930037.

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Freshly laid. eggs of Chelodina rugosa survived for up to 12 weeks when immersed in water and subsequently underwent successful incubation and normal hatching. Embryonic development was arrested during immersion, remained arrested in an atmosphere of nitrogen, and recommenced when eggs were exposed to air. The hypoxic conditions during immersion appear to extend the arrest typical of turtle embryos during their period in the oviducts. Freshly laid eggs of the temperate-zone C. longicollis died when immersed for longer than one week and eggs of both species died when immersed after post-laying embryonic development had commenced. These results, supported by anecdoctal and experimental evidence, suggest that C. rugosa lays its eggs in saturated or flooded ground in the late wet or early dry monsoonal season. Embryonic development presumably remains arrested until water levels drop and oxygen tensions in the nest rise by diffusion through the drying soil. Partly developed embryos in nests that are flooded after laying would perish. In contrast, C. longicollis of temperate Australia nests only in relatively dry substrates, and its eggs appear not be have evolved the capacity to withstand immersion.

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Stott, P. "Terrestrial Movements of the Fresh-Water Tortoise Chelodina-Longicollis Shaw as Monitored With a Spool Tracking Device." Wildlife Research 14, no. 4 (1987): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870559.

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The freshwater tortoise Chelodina longicoflis is often found travelling over land, but no detailed information about these movements has been recorded. In this study 30 spool-and-line tracking devices were used to trace the movements of individual animals. The tracking devices were cheap, readily made, reliable, and gave precise tracings. The tortoises exhibited three types of movement: pond-to-pond, nesting, and movement involving the use of refuges. Many of the tracings were remarkably straight, indicating navigational capacity. Journeys of several hundred metres were frequently made overnight, and movements occasionally were prompted by rainfall.

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Zhang, Xiuwen, and Arthur Georges. "A complete mitochondrial genome sequence for the Australian turtle, Chelodina longicollis, obtained using 454-pyrosequencing." Conservation Genetics Resources 6, no. 3 (April 19, 2014): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-014-0202-z.

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Bower, Deborah S., Clare E. Death, and Arthur Georges. "Ecological and physiological impacts of salinisation on freshwater turtles of the lower Murray River." Wildlife Research 39, no. 8 (2012): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11214.

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Context The increasing intensity and extent of anthropogenically mediated salinisation in freshwater systems has the potential to affect freshwater species through physiological and ecological processes. Determining responses to salinisation is critical to predicting impacts on fauna. Aims We aimed to quantify the response of wild-caught turtles from freshwater lakes that had become saline in the lower Murray River catchment. Methods Plasma electrolytes of all three species of freshwater turtle from South Australia were compared among two freshwater sites (Horseshoe Lagoon and Swan Reach), a brackish lake (Lake Bonney) and a saline lake (Lake Alexandrina). Key results Chelodina longicollis, C. expansa and Emydura macquarii from a brackish lake had higher concentrations of plasma sodium and chloride than those from freshwater habitats. However, osmolytes known to increase under severe osmotic stress (urea and uric acid) were not elevated in brackish sites. Turtles from the highly saline lake were colonised by an invasive marine worm which encased the carapace and inhibited limb movement. Conclusions Freshwater turtles in brackish backwaters had little response to salinity, whereas the C. longicollis in a saline lake had a significant physiological response caused by salt and further impacts from colonisation of marine worms. Implications Short periods of high salinity are unlikely to adversely affect freshwater turtles. However, secondary ecological processes, such as immobilisation from a marine worm may cause unexpected impacts on freshwater fauna.

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Seebacher, F., J. Sparrow, and M. B. Thompson. "Turtles ( Chelodina longicollis ) regulate muscle metabolic enzyme activity in response to seasonal variation in body temperature." Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 174, no. 3 (April 1, 2004): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-003-0331-2.

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Hodges, K., S. Donnellan, and A. Georges. "Significant genetic structure despite high vagility revealed through mitochondrial phylogeography of an Australian freshwater turtle (Chelodina longicollis)." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 11 (2015): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14102.

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Restriction to the freshwater environment plays a dominant role in the population genetic structure of freshwater fauna. In taxa with adaptations for terrestriality, however, the restrictions on dispersal imposed by drainage divides may be overcome. We investigate the mitochondrial phylogeographic structure of the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis), a widespread Australian freshwater obligate with strong overland dispersa\l capacity and specific adaptations to terrestriality. We predict that such characteristics make this freshwater species a strong candidate to test how life-history traits can drive gene flow and interbasin connectivity, overriding the constraining effects imposed by hydrological boundaries. Contrary to expectations, and similar to low-vagility freshwater vertebrates, we found two ancient mitochondrial haplogroups with clear east–west geographic partitioning either side of the Great Dividing Range. Each haplogroup is characterised by complex genetic structure, demographically stable subpopulations, and signals of isolation by distance. This pattern is overlaid with signatures of recent gene flow, likely facilitated by late Pleistocene and ongoing anthropogenic landscape change. We demonstrate that the divergent effects of landscape history can overwhelm the homogenising effects of life-history traits that connect populations, even in a highly vagile species.

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Lee, LingSze, Eugenia E. Montiel, and Nicole Valenzuela. "Discovery of Putative XX/XY Male Heterogamety in Emydura subglobosa Turtles Exposes a Novel Trajectory of Sex Chromosome Evolution in Emydura." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 158, no. 3 (2019): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501891.

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The discovery of sex chromosome systems in non-model organisms has elicited growing recognition that sex chromosomes evolved via diverse paths that are not fully elucidated. Lineages with labile sex determination, such as turtles, hold critical cues, yet data are skewed toward hide-neck turtles (suborder Cryptodira) and scant for side-neck turtles (suborder Pleurodira). Here, we used classic and molecular cytogenetics to investigate Emydura subglobosa (ESU), an unstudied side-neck turtle with genotypic sex determination from the family Chelidae, where extensive morphological divergence exists among XX/XY systems. Our data represent the first cytogenetic description for ESU. Similarities were found between ESU and E. macquarii (EMA), such as identical chromosome number (2n = 50), a single and dimorphic nucleolus organizer region (NOR) localized in a microchromosome pair (ESU14) of both sexes (detected via FISH of 18S rDNA). Only the larger NOR is active (detected by silver staining). As in EMA, comparative genome hybridization revealed putative macro XX/XY chromosomes in ESU (the 4th largest pair). Our comparative analyses and revaluation of previous data strongly support the hypothesis that Emydura's XX/XY system evolved via fusion of an ancestral micro-Y (retained by Chelodina longicollis) onto a macro-autosome. This evolutionary trajectory differs from the purported independent evolution of XX/XY from separate ancestral autosomes in Chelodina and Emydura that was previously reported. Our data permit dating this Y-autosome fusion to at least the split of Emydura around 45 Mya and add critical information about the evolution of the remarkable diversity of sex-determining mechanisms in turtles, reptiles, and vertebrates.

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Ezaz, Tariq, Nicole Valenzuela, Frank Grützner, Ikuo Miura, Arthur Georges, Russell L. Burke, and Jennifer A. Marshall Graves. "An XX/XY sex microchromosome system in a freshwater turtle, Chelodina longicollis (Testudines: Chelidae) with genetic sex determination." Chromosome Research 14, no. 2 (March 2006): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10577-006-1029-6.

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Smith, R. V., D. K. Hards, and D. G. Satchell. "A Possible contractile role for myoepithelial cells in the trachea of the Australian snake-necked tortoise,Chelodina longicollis." Journal of Experimental Zoology 244, no. 1 (October 1987): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402440120.

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Ferronato, Bruno O., John H. Roe, and Arthur Georges. "First record of hatchling overwintering inside the natal nest of a chelid turtle." Australian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 4 (2015): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo15044.

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Hatchling overwintering inside the natal nest is a strategy used by several Northern Hemisphere species of freshwater turtles. We recorded hatchling overwintering in the nest by Chelodina longicollis (Chelidae) in south-eastern Australia, during three reproductive seasons. Hatchlings spent, on average, 320 days inside the nest from the date eggs were laid until emergence. Some nests were carefully opened adjacent to the nest plug, one during winter and one in spring, to confirm that eggs had hatched and were not in diapause, although we could not precisely confirm hatching dates. Despite our small sample size, we observed a dichotomous overwintering strategy, with hatchlings from one nest emerging in autumn and spending their first winter in the aquatic environment, and hatchlings from three nests overwintering in the nest and emerging in spring. These findings expand the phylogenetic range of turtles exhibiting hatchling overwintering behaviour. Future research should evaluate whether this strategy is widespread among other long-necked turtles in temperate regions and examine physiological mechanisms involved in coping with winter temperatures.

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ROE, JOHN H., and ARTHUR GEORGES. "Terrestrial activity, movements and spatial ecology of an Australian freshwater turtle, Chelodina longicollis, in a temporally dynamic wetland system." Austral Ecology 33, no. 8 (October 30, 2008): 1045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01877.x.

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Howard, K., L. Beesley, K. Ward, and D. Stokeld. "Preliminary evidence suggests freshwater turtles respond positively to an environmental water delivery during drought." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 5 (2016): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16076.

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Environmental flows (e-flows) are a common management tool to improve the health of flow-regulated river systems and their biota. The effect of e-flows on fish, waterbirds and vegetation has been assessed in Australia, but their influence on turtles remains largely unstudied. We opportunistically examined the effect of e-flows on the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis), a species that occupies ephemeral aquatic habitats, by measuring an index of abundance (catch per unit effort) and body condition before and after an environmental watering event that replenished a severely contracted creek in the mid-Murray region. We found that average body condition increased after watering. Abundance decreased markedly after watering, but the change was not statistically significant. While the causal inference of our study was limited by the opportunistic nature of our before-after experimental design, this study provides preliminary evidence that environmental flows may improve the health of turtles occupying ephemeral floodplain habitats. We encourage further research into the effect of e-flows on turtles to confirm the hypothesis that the increase in average body condition recorded in the current study was a function of e-flows.

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Conallin, Anthony J., Ben B. Smith, Leigh A. Thwaites, Keith F. Walker, and Bronwyn M. Gillanders. "Environmental Water Allocations in regulated lowland rivers may encourage offstream movements and spawning by common carp, Cyprinus carpio: implications for wetland rehabilitation." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 10 (2012): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12044.

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Environmental Water Allocations (EWAs) are used to enhance native flora and fauna in regulated rivers, but may also benefit alien invasive species like common carp (Cyprinus carpio). We examined the invasion and spawning risk posed by adult common carp during an EWA delivered from the River Murray to a flow-through wetland in South Australia from June to December 2008. Offstream movements of fish and turtles were monitored continuously via the inlet and outlet creeks. Long-necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis, n = 129) dominated at the inlet where few fish were collected (n = 24), whereas much larger numbers of common carp in prime spawning condition (n = 4709), alien goldfish (Carassius auratus, n = 1201) and native bony herring (Nematalosa erebi, n = 93) were attracted to the outlet and displayed distinct movements. Adult common carp movements began in August, in response to increasing water temperatures, peaked in mid-September before spawning, then declined and were close to zero by December. The timing of EWA deliveries potentially could be manipulated to reduce adult carp invasion and spawning potential while providing some advantage to native fish, but the benefits may be short-lived without additional carp management interventions such as wetland drying.

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Robley, Alan, Katie Howard, Michael Lindeman, Rhet Cameron, Andrew Jardine, and David Hiscock. "The effectiveness of short-term fox control in protecting a seasonally vulnerable species, the Eastern Long-necked Turtle (Chelodina longicollis)." Ecological Management & Restoration 17, no. 1 (January 2016): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12199.

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McGlashan, Jessica K., Fiona K. Loudon, Michael B. Thompson, and Ricky-John Spencer. "Hatching behavior of eastern long-necked turtles ( Chelodina longicollis ): The influence of asynchronous environments on embryonic heart rate and phenotype." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 188 (October 2015): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.018.

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Chessman, Bruce C. "Freshwater turtle hatchlings that stay in the nest: strategists or prisoners?" Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17054.

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Hatchlings of several species of freshwater turtles have been reported to remain in subterranean nests for extended periods following hatching from the egg. It has been suggested that this delayed emergence, including overwintering in the nest in populations at temperate latitudes, is an evolved adaptation that enables hatchlings to enter the aquatic environment at the most propitious time for survival and growth. I monitored nests of a temperate-zone population of the freshwater Australian eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) for up to a year after nest construction in fine-grained soils adjacent to oxbow lakes and farm ponds. An estimated 84% of nests were preyed on, probably mainly by non-native red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), whereas hatchlings emerged from autumn to spring from an estimated 5% of nests. The remaining 11% of nests were neither preyed on nor had emergence by a year after nest construction. Live hatchlings were present in some nests with no emergence up to 10 months after nest construction, but substantial numbers of dead hatchlings were present beyond nine months. It therefore seems unlikely that emergence occurs more than a year after nest construction. Delayed emergence of this species in this environment appears less likely to be an adaptive strategy than to be a consequence of imprisonment in the nest by hard soil that is difficult for hatchlings to excavate.

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Doneley, RJT. "Treatment of a mycobacterial infection in an Eastern Long‐neck turtle ( Chelodina longicollis )." Australian Veterinary Journal, August 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.13110.

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Ryan, Michelle M., Shelley Burgin, and Ian Wright. "Effects of Wetland Water Source on a Population of the Australian Eastern Long-Necked Turtle Chelodina longicollis." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 226, no. 12 (November 12, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2658-1.

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Taylor, Emily, Darren J. Trott, Benjamin Kimble, Shangzhe Xie, Merran Govendir, and David J. McLelland. "Pharmacokinetic profile of a single dose of an oral pradofloxacin suspension administered to eastern long‐necked turtles ( Chelodina longicollis )." Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, November 30, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12933.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Chelodina longicollis'

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