Journal articles: 'Cheerleading'

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Cantu, Robert C., and Frederick O. Mueller. "Cheerleading." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 4, no. 2 (April 1994): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199404000-00001.

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Shields, Brenda J., and Gary A. Smith. "Cheerleading-Related Injuries in the United States: A Prospective Surveillance Study." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.567.

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Abstract Context: Cheerleading injuries are on the rise and are a significant source of injury to females. No published studies have described the epidemiology of cheerleading injuries by type of cheerleading team and event. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of cheerleading injuries and to calculate injury rates by type of cheerleading team and event. Design: Prospective injury surveillance study. Setting: Participant exposure and injury data were collected from US cheerleading teams via the Cheerleading RIO (Reporting Information Online) online surveillance tool. Patients or Other Participants: Athletes from enrolled cheerleading teams who participated in official, organized cheerleading practices, pep rallies, athletic events, or cheerleading competitions. Main Outcome Measure(s): The numbers and rates of cheerleading injuries during a 1-year period (2006–2007) are reported by team type and event type. Results: A cohort of 9022 cheerleaders on 412 US cheerleading teams participated in the study. During the 1-year period, 567 cheerleading injuries were reported; 83% (467/565) occurred during practice, 52% (296/565) occurred while the cheerleader was attempting a stunt, and 24% (132/563) occurred while the cheerleader was basing or spotting 1 or more cheerleaders. Lower extremity injuries (30%, 168/565) and strains and sprains (53%, 302/565) were most common. Collegiate cheerleaders were more likely to sustain a concussion (P = .01, rate ratio [RR] = 2.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34, 6.59), and All Star cheerleaders were more likely to sustain a fracture or dislocation (P = .01, RR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.16, 2.66) than were cheerleaders on other types of teams. Overall injury rates for practices, pep rallies, athletic events, and cheerleading competitions were 1.0, 0.6, 0.6, and 1.4 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures, respectively. Conclusions: We are the first to report cheerleading injury rates based on actual exposure data by type of team and event. These injury rates are lower than those reported for other high school and collegiate sports; however, many cheerleading injuries are preventable.

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Burkhart, Scott O. "TRENDS IN US HIGH SCHOOL AND CLUB CHEER PRACTICE CONCUSSION REPORTING FROM 2012-2017." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00141.

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Background: Sport-related concussion (SRC) is one of the leading injuries among the 3.24 to 4.03 million athletes participating in cheerleading from 2012-2017. The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive epidemiology of SRC in the school and club cheerleading practice setting from the 2012 to 2017 calendar years. Methods: Female cheerleading athletes, ages 12 to 18 participating in school or club cheer from 2012 to 2017 were included in the current study. Injury and exposure data from school and club cheerleading practices from the Rank One Health Injury Surveillance Database (ROH ISD) were analyzed. SRC counts, percentages, rates per 10,000 athletic exposures (AEs), rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Any RR or IPR with a 95% CI not containing 1.0 were considered statistically significant. Results: From 2012-2017, 951 SRCs were recorded from a sample of 51,812 females participating in school cheerleading and 12,643 females participating in club cheerleading. Cheerleading SRCs accounted for 0.40% of all injuries in sports from 2012-2017. The total SRC rate in school cheerleading was 6.02/10,000 AEs (95% CI = 5.87, 6.17). The total SRC rate in club cheerleading was 11.98/10,000 AEs (95% CI = 11.74, 12.22). The SRC rate was higher in club practices than in school practices (RR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.89, 2.09). More SRCs occurred at school cheerleading practices (65.62%) than club practices (34.48%). The proportion of SRCs from falls onto hardwood surfaces was higher in club cheerleading practices than school cheerleading practices (IPR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.61, 1.77) while the proportion of falls onto padded surfaces was higher in school cheerleading practices than club cheerleading practices (IPR = 2.26; 95% CI = 2.18, 2.34). Conclusions: The findings from this study provide the largest SRC incidence rates for school and club cheerleading practices to date and reveal evidence of differences in the club and school practice settings. Club cheerleading practice SRCs occurred at a higher rate than school cheerleading practice SRCs and appear to be significantly reduced by practicing on padded surfaces. These findings should be considered when educating cheerleading coaches, parents, and athletes regrading concussion injury risks as well as identifying potential areas of injury prevention. Further research is warranted to identify potential causes for injury trends observed in the current study.

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Shields, Brenda J., Soledad A. Fernandez, and Gary A. Smith. "Epidemiology of Cheerleading Stunt-Related Injuries in the United States." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.586.

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Abstract Context: Cheerleading-related injuries are on the rise. To date, no epidemiologic studies of cheerleading stunt-related injuries have been published. Objective: To describe and compare cheerleading stunt-related injuries by type of cheerleading team (All Star, college, high school, middle school, or recreation league) and event (practice, pep rally, athletic event, or cheerleading competition). Design: Prospective injury surveillance study. Setting: Participant exposure and injury data were collected from US cheerleading teams via the Cheerleading RIO (Reporting Information Online) surveillance tool. Patients or Other Participants: Athletes from enrolled cheerleading teams who participated in official, organized cheerleading practices, pep rallies, athletic events, or cheerleading competitions. Main Outcome Measure(s): The numbers, types, and rates of cheerleading stunt-related injuries during a 1-year period (2006–2007) are reported. Results: Stunt-related injuries accounted for 60% (338/567) of the injuries sustained by US cheerleaders who participated in the study and 96% (22/23) of the concussions and closed head injuries (CHIs) reported during the study. Collegiate cheerleaders were more likely to sustain a concussion or CHI than were cheerleaders on other types of teams (P = .02, odds ratio = 3.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.20, 8.06). Most injuries occurred while the cheerleader was spotting or basing another cheerleader (34%, 115/338), and these injuries comprised 32% (51/161) of all stunt-related strains and sprains. Four cheerleaders (1.2%, 4/335) were admitted to the hospital, and 9 cheerleaders (2.7%, 9/335) required surgery. Conclusions: Cheerleading stunts pose an increased risk for injury, especially in terms of sustaining a concussion or CHI. Spotters and bases were most likely to be injured during the performance of cheerleading stunts and were at risk for sustaining strain and sprain injuries. The ankle, lower back, and wrist were the sites most likely to be reinjured while performing cheerleading stunts.

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Zhao, Haojun, Seong Pek Lim, and Zhuozhuo Xin. "A Study on the Impact of Cheerleading on the Psychological Health of Female College Students." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 8, no. 3 (March 24, 2024): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v8i3.6375.

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This study investigates the effects of technical cheerleading and dance cheerleading on the psychological health of female college students by utilizing the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), the Comprehensive Diagnostic Scale for Interpersonal Relationships, and the Social Adaptability Diagnostic Scale. The findings indicate the following: (1) Technical cheerleading has a highly significant impact on sensitivity in interpersonal relationships, paranoia, and psychoticism, and a significant effect on anxiety and hostility; dance cheerleading has a highly significant effect on paranoia; (2) Both technical and dance cheerleading have minimal impact on the overall score distribution of interpersonal relationships among female college students, but the dimensions of their effects differ; (3) The impact of technical cheerleading on the social adaptability of female college students is more pronounced than that of dance cheerleading.

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Hutchinson, Mark R. "Cheerleading Injuries." Physician and Sportsmedicine 25, no. 9 (September 1997): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.1997.09.1508.

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Johnson, Sharon L., Alan A. Aagaard, James J. Rhatigan, and Judy I. Addison. "College Cheerleading." NASPA Journal 27, no. 3 (January 1, 1990): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1990.11072160.

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Chen, Juanjuan. "The Impact of the Different Types of Dance Cheerleading on the Physical Aspect, Adaptive Ability and Level of Resilience of Middle School Students." Journal of Education and Educational Research 8, no. 3 (May 27, 2024): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/erg9kg97.

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The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of different types of dance cheerleading on the physical fitness and health level of junior high school students in Kaili City, and to explore the relationship between its effects on physical fitness, adaptive ability and level of resistance to frustration. The subjects of the investigation included students in the Street Dance Cheerleading group, Jazz Cheerleading group and Flower Ball Cheerleading group, participating in the "Physical Education and Health" course. Through the research design of description-comparison-correlation, the data were collected by questionnaire method and analyzed using mathematical statistics software. The results showed that different types of cheerleading had a significant effect on secondary school students' physical ability, adaptability and level of resistance to frustration. It is recommended that schools and educational organizations should strengthen the promotion of cheerleading activities while paying attention to the differences in gender and types of cheerleading in order to improve the overall physical fitness of students and develop their teamwork spirit.

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Min, Fang. "How To Integrate and Apply Chinese Traditional Cultural Elements in Campus Cheerleading Routines." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 28 (April 1, 2024): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/dak1zv34.

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In today’s campus culture, cheerleading has become a popular sporting activity. It not only exercises students’ bodies but also cultivates their spirit of teamwork. As a creative and energetic team sport, the choreography of cheerleading is crucial for its expressiveness and appeal. However, as cheerleading becomes more widespread, many routines begin to lack innovation and cultural depth, leading to audience aesthetic fatigue. To address this issue, inspiration can be drawn from China’s rich traditional culture, combining traditional cultural elements with modern cheerleading choreography to create distinctive performances. With its long history, Chinese traditional culture encompasses various domains such as clothing, music, dance, and art. These elements can provide unique aesthetics and profound cultural depth to cheerleading choreography. In summary, the integration and application of Chinese traditional cultural elements can inject new vitality into campus cheerleading, enhancing its artistic expressiveness and cultural value. By merging traditional cultural elements with modern aesthetic concepts, students’ interest in and identification with traditional culture can be cultivated, while promoting innovation and development in campus cheerleading.

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Naiyer, Nada, Thiphalak Chounthirath, and Gary A. Smith. "Pediatric Cheerleading Injuries Treated in Emergency Departments in the United States." Clinical Pediatrics 56, no. 11 (April 12, 2017): 985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922817702938.

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This study investigates the epidemiology of cheerleading injuries to children in the United States. Data were analyzed from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children 5 through 18 years of age treated in US emergency departments for cheerleading injuries from 1990 through 2012. An estimated 497 095 children ages 5 to 18 years were treated in US emergency departments for a cheerleading injury during the 23-year study period, averaging 21 613 injured children per year. From 1990 to 2012, the annual cheerleading injury rate increased significantly by 189.1%; and from 2001 to 2012, the annual rate of cheerleading-related concussion/closed head injury increased significantly by 290.9%. Falls were the most common mechanism of injury (29.4%) and were more likely to lead to hospitalization (relative risk = 2.47; 95% confidence interval = 1.67-3.68) compared with other injury mechanisms. The rising number and rate of pediatric cheerleading injuries underscore the need for increased efforts to prevent these injuries.

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Clifton, Robert T., and Diane L. Gill. "Gender Differences in Self-Confidence on a Feminine-Typed Task." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 16, no. 2 (June 1994): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.16.2.150.

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The present study answered Lirgg's (1991) call for confidence studies employing a feminine-typed task by assessing self-confidence and gender appropriateness in college cheerleading. Questionnaires assessing self-confidence and the gender appropriateness of cheerleading and its five subtasks (cheers and motions, partner stunts, jumps, tumbling, and cheerleading dance) were administered to college cheerleaders and to noncheerleader college undergraduates. It was hypothesized that females would possess more self-confidence in their ability at cheerleading and its various subtasks than would males, and that cheerleaders would rate their sport as less gender-stereotyped than would noncheerleaders. MANOVA results supported these hypotheses. On only two subtasks, partner stunts and tumbling, males possessed as much confidence as females did. Females reported more self-confidence on cheerleading and all other subtasks. Furthermore, cheerleaders of both sexes were aware of the stereotypes held by others, but viewed cheerleading and the tasks within it as more gender neutral than did noncheerleaders.

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Reich, Alan, Monica McHenry, and Alan Keaton. "A Survey of Dysphonic Episodes in High-School Cheerleaders." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 17, no. 1 (January 1986): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.1701.63.

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Questionnaire responses were obtained from 146 high-school cheerleaders. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate typical vocal use, vocal history, and the incidence and nature of acute dysphonic episodes related to cheerleading. Many high-school cheerleaders reported frequent instances of acute aphonia, aphonic syllables, dysphonia, and pitch breaks. Abnormal voice characteristics often persisted for many hours following completion of the cheerleading event. Both "tired voice" and "sore throat" were experienced more frequently during evenings following a cheerleading event than during those evenings not preceded by cheerleading.

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Shields, Brenda J., and Gary A. Smith. "Epidemiology of Cheerleading Fall-Related Injuries in the United States." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.578.

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Abstract Context: Over the past several decades, cheerleaders have been performing fewer basic maneuvers and more gymnastic tumbling runs and stunts. As the difficulty of these maneuvers has increased, cheerleading injuries have also increased. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of cheerleading fall-related injuries by type of cheerleading team and event. Design: Prospective injury surveillance study. Setting: Participant exposure and injury data were collected from US cheerleading teams via the Cheerleading RIO (Reporting Information Online) surveillance tool. Patients or Other Participants: Athletes from 412 enrolled cheerleading teams who participated in official, organized cheerleading practices, pep rallies, athletic events, or cheerleading competitions. Main Outcome Measure(s): The numbers and rates of cheerleading fall-related injuries during a 1-year period (2006–2007) are reported. Results: A total of 79 fall-related injuries were reported during the 1-year period. Most occurred during practice (85%, 67/79) and were sustained by high school cheerleaders (51%, 40/79). A stunt or pyramid was being attempted in 89% (70/79) of cases. Fall heights ranged from 1 to 11 ft (0.30–3.35 m) (mean = 4.7 ± 2.0 ft [1.43 ± 0.61 m]). Strains and sprains were the most common injuries (54%, 43/79), and 6% (5/79) of the injuries were concussions or closed head injuries. Of the 15 most serious injuries (concussions or closed head injuries, dislocations, fractures, and anterior cruciate ligament tears), 87% (13/15) were sustained while the cheerleader was performing on artificial turf, grass, a traditional foam floor, or a wood floor. The fall height ranged from 4 to 11 ft (1.22–1.52 m) for 87% of these cases (13/15). Conclusions: Cheerleading-related falls may result in severe injuries and even death, although we report no deaths in the present study. The risk for serious injury increases as fall height increases or as the impact-absorbing capacity of the surfacing material decreases (or both).

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Yang, Xueqing, and Bo Li. "Application of Cheerleading Referee Information Management System Based on Data Mining." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 2, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8912627.

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In recent years, China has focused on the development of sports and adopted modern, scientific, and standardized management of referees. Global sports events are becoming increasingly fierce. One of the main links is to manage the referee group and ensure the fairness and impartiality of sports competitions. In sports competition, referees implement sports rules, so the quality of referees directly determines whether sports events are fair and just. Cheerleading operation was introduced into China as a new sports event and spread rapidly in major universities and primary and secondary schools. With the increase of the number of cheerleading athletes, the number of referees also continues to increase. Referees’ information management has become the main problem. Therefore, this paper uses data mining technology to design and develop cheerleading referee information management system, uses the system to manage the basic information of cheerleading referees, and analyzes the sanction ability and strength of cheerleading referees. This paper first introduces the basic concept and operational process of data mining algorithm, and C4.5 decision tree algorithm, and support vector machine algorithm. Based on this algorithm, a cheerleading referee information management system is established. Then, we analyze the system structure and demand analysis and design the main structure of the system. Finally, the number of cheerleading referees is analyzed. The highest proportion of referees is 29.5%, the number of referees is 3 to 5 times, and the highest proportion of referees with more than 10 times per year is 59.24%. Using this system to analyze the strength of cheerleading referees, the most influential factor is the lack of on-the-spot experience, accounting for 38.83%.

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Stiller, Michael A., and Michelle A. Miller. "Back Injury - Cheerleading." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000517329.59216.6d.

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Sawyer, Thomas H. "Cheerleading and Liability." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 74, no. 3 (March 2003): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2003.10608461.

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Lal, Sophia, Anne Hoch, James Aiman, and Erika Kronke. "Straddle Injury - Cheerleading." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, Supplement (May 2007): S125—S126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000273430.22953.7e.

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Patterson, M., and J. M. Ray. "KNEE PAIN - CHEERLEADING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30, Supplement (May 1998): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805001-01536.

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Welch, Thomas R. "Dangers of cheerleading." Journal of Pediatrics 163, no. 4 (October 2013): 929–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.08.017.

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Loeb, Paul. "Letters: Ideological Cheerleading." Academe 81, no. 5 (1995): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40250867.

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Stiller, Michael, and Michelle A. Miller. "Back Injury - Cheerleading." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 663–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000518748.77872.82.

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Boden, Barry P., Robin Tacchetti, and Frederick O. Mueller. "Catastrophic Cheerleading Injuries." American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 6 (November 2003): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310062501.

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Vidal, Evan, Stacey Isidro, and Rohan Adiga. "Neck Injury - Cheerleading." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 55, no. 9S (September 2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000979888.94456.e6.

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Li, Zixiao. "The Development of Guidelines for Success Cheerleading Teaching in Primary Students, Yichun City, China." International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews 4, no. 3 (June 9, 2024): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.60027/ijsasr.2024.3996.

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Background And Aim: Cheerleading and primary school physical education are in accord with each other, which helps to enrich primary school physical activities and improve students' physical quality and mental outlook. Material and methods: The purpose of this study is to develop guidelines for successful cheerleading development for primary students in Yichun City. The research subjects of this article are primary school students and teachers in 5 primary schools in Yichun City. The sample totaled 338 people, and 20 experts were selected using the snowball method; 200 primary school students; 37 teachers; and 81 parents were selected using the random sampling method. Ten experts were selected to assist in the design of three questionnaires. The content validity of the research instrument (IOC=0.93) was assessed by another 10 experts. Relevant data were collected through questionnaires. Results: Through research, it is concluded that four factors affect the development of cheerleading in primary schools in Yichun City: 1. Campus factors; 2. Student factors; 3. Teacher factors; 4. External factors. These four factors should be improved to enhance the development of cheerleading in primary schools in Yichun City. Conclusion: Based on the results of qualitative research and empirical analysis, the paper obtains the results of influencing factors of cheerleading in primary schools in Yichun City, and puts forward feasible suggestions for cheerleading in primary schools in Yichun City.

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Xu, Amy, Krishna Vangipuram Suresh, and R. Lee. "Progress in Cheerleading: An Update on the Epidemiology of Cheerleading-Related Injuries Presenting to Emergency Departments in the U.S. (2010-2019) (105)." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 10_suppl5 (October 1, 2021): 2325967121S0025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00255.

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Objectives: Cheerleading attracts over 3 million participants annually and has been dubbed one of the most dangerous sports. It has become increasingly recognized as an official sport as its skills continue to escalate in complexity and difficulty, enhancing underlying susceptibility to injury. Even though its risks have been well-documented, cheerleading receives less attention in the medical literature than other sports. Few studies have assessed national injury profiles, with the most recent including data up to 2012. This study serves to provide an updated description of the epidemiology of cheerleading-related injuries over the past decade. Methods: The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was analyzed for cheerleading-related injuries presenting to nationally representative emergency departments (EDs) from 2010-2019. Patient age, sex, race, injury time of year, body region injured, diagnosis, location, and disposition were collected. Using the narrative included with each case, we also captured the specific cheerleading skills, setting, and mechanism that led to injury. Specific stunting position and correctness of cheerleading terminology used were also NEISS sample weights were utilized to provide national estimates. Statistical analyses included linear regression, chi-squared tests, and relative risk calculations. Alpha was set to 0.05. Results: An estimated 351,399 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 254,975 – 447,823) athletes 5-25 years old presented to EDs for injuries sustained from cheerleading between 2010 and 2019. A breakdown of overall injury patterns is demonstrated in Table 1. Over the last decade, there was a significant decrease in the annual number of total injuries by 15.4% (m = -733.5, p = 0.048), corresponding to a significant decline of 27.2% (m = -469.2, p = 0.002) in rate of injury per 100,000 cheerleading participants. Specifically, the annual number of injuries sustained from stunting decreased by 24.1% (m = -289.9, p = 0.015) with a significant decline of 35.8% (m = -12.2, p = 0.005) in rate of injury. Despite these decreases, there was a significant 44.3% (m = 245.8, p = 0.025) increase in the incidence of concussions/closed head injuries (CHIs). There was also a significant rise in patients requiring admission after ED evaluation. The annual number rose by 117.7% (m = 69.7, p = 0.006), corresponding to a 9.0% (m = 1.6, p = 0.022) increase in admit rate per 100,000 participants. Comparing 2019 to 2010, other findings of note include an increased proportion of total injuries accounted for by males, head/neck, lower extremity injuries, and tumbling, as well as a higher percentage occurring during practice and in places of sports/recreation instead of schools. Conclusions: For the first time, we report a national decrease in injuries sustained from cheerleading over a period of time. Our findings illustrate a reduction in total acute cheerleading-related injuries presenting to emergency departments during the past decade despite continued development of the athleticism required of the sport. This may be the result of efforts by national governing bodies in heightening regulations and safety resources available as cheerleading becomes increasingly designated as an official sport by state legislatures. However, a continued high incidence of concussions/CHIs remains, demonstrating an area that requires further improvement. Overall, the comprehensive findings of this report provide an updated resource for both cheerleading and medical industries to utilize in order to enhance care for this subset of athletes.

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Wang, Mengjiao, and Yurasin Wattanapayungkul. "A Development of the Teaching Plan on Flower Ball Cheerleading in Physical Education Course to Improve Physical Fitness and Mental Health for Primary School Students." International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2024): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.60027/ijsasr.2024.4008.

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Background and aim: Cheerleading is an important project in the physical education teaching process of primary schools. Introducing cheerleading into primary school physical education can not only guide students to improve their physical functions but also effectively enrich their spiritual world. It plays an important role in the healthy development of student's physical and mental health. This article analyzes and studies this. Playing its role in improving the physical and mental health of primary school students is the significance of this article. Formulate the "Teaching Plan for Ball Cheerleading in Physical Education Classes" to improve the physical and mental health of primary school students. This is the purpose of this study. Materials and Methods: (1) Experimental sample： Among the 300 students in six classes of the fifth grade of a primary school in Rizhao City, students with the same level of physical fitness and no obvious difference in appearance were selected from low to high scores based on the physical fitness test scores. According to their personal wishes, 15 boys and 15 girls were finally selected as experimental samples. (2) Research instrument：①《National student physical health standard》Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.②《Mental Health Rate Scale for Pupil; MHRSP》③Teaching the IOC value is 0.8 and is approved by 5 experts. （3) Statistics: Independent samples t-test, standard deviation. Results: Through the experimental results, it is concluded that the most significant effects of ball cheerleading on the physical fitness of primary school students are one-minute sit-ups, one-minute rope skipping, a 50-meter run, and seated forward bends. The teaching and training process of ball cheerleading has a positive role in promoting students' emotional disorders, social adaptation disorders, behavioral disorders, etc. Flower ball cheerleading has a profound impact on the physical fitness and mental health of primary school students, and plays a good role in promoting the physical production and mental health development of primary school students. Conclusion: The results of this experimental study show that ball cheerleading plays a good role in improving the physical development of primary school students, especially their agility, coordination, explosive power, and core strength. It can provide a strong guarantee for the physical health of primary school students. Ball cheerleading is beneficial to the mental health of primary school students. Ball cheerleading classes can help primary school students learn to regulate their emotions, improve their bad character and moral defects, and help primary school students develop lively and cheerful characters and develop good behaviors. habits, strong social adaptability, and ability to communicate with classmates. This shows that the flower ball cheerleading teaching program constructed in this experiment can be applied to physical education classes for primary school students.

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Liu, Qingqing. "Innovative Research on the Application of the OBE Concept Cheerleading Teaching in the Smart Campus Environment." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 22 (August 2, 2023): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v22i.5369.

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With the continuous development of information technology, a smart campus environment has become an important direction of modern education development. Based on OBE (Outcome-Based Education), this study discusses how to apply a smart campus environment to cheerleading teaching. By designing an intelligent teaching system and combining the characteristics of cheerleading teaching, the personalized and independent teaching process is realized. The results show that the application of the OBE concept in cheerleading teaching in a smart campus environment can improve students' learning interest and motivation and promote their all-around development.

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Nesheva, Irina. "A Wellness Tооl to Perform Healthy Lifestyle Practices in the Bulgarian School System." Strategies for Policy in Science and Education-Strategii na Obrazovatelnata i Nauchnata Politika 31, no. 5 (September 20, 2023): 560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/str2023-5-7-wel.

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The number оf children with diabetes is growing alarmingly. The age limit оf patients has also decreased significantly. This material presents recreational physical activity through cheerleading. Methоds: The research aims to attract the attention оf educators (current and future) to the essence оf the functional effects оf cheerleading practice. The diagnostic оf the functional indicators were with the asset оf an innovative tооl for diagnosing functional changes, providing a personal QR code on the effects оf cheerleading practice. Results: The specific changes in dynamics inside the indicators that register the metabolic age, were studied. This detailed diagnosis is to develop wellness tооls in Bulgarian schооls as health prevention оf childhооd diabetes. Conclusions: According to the results of our study, functional indicator changes are related to the effectiveness of cheerleading programs. In order to diagnose functional changes, intelligent (smart) tools have been used to ensure high objectivity and personalisation of the data.

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Xu, Amy L., Jennifer J. Beck, Emily A. Sweeney, Megan N. Severson, A. Stacie Page, and R. Jay Lee. "Understanding the Cheerleader as an Orthopaedic Patient: An Evidence-Based Review of the Literature." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 232596712110672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211067222.

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Cheerleading is a highly popular youth sport in the United States and has been increasingly recognized in recent years for its athleticism and competitive nature. The sport has changed dramatically since its inception. When the sport of cheerleading was first developed, its primary purpose was to entertain crowds and support other athletes. Today, cheerleaders are competitive athletes themselves. Cheerleaders, most of whom are in the pediatric age group, and their parents commonly approach orthopaedic surgeons and sports medicine physicians with questions regarding the risks associated with participation in the sport. Appropriate clinical guidance is especially important for athletes returning to the sport after an injury. However, unlike other popular sports (eg, football, basketball, and volleyball), the intricacies of cheerleading are not well-known to those outside the sport, including many health care providers. Previous studies have reported on the epidemiological patterns of injuries associated with cheerleading and how such aesthetic sports affect the body, finding that fractures and concussions are prevalent and that catastrophic injuries are more common than in most other sports. Here, we provide an evidence-based discussion of 10 pertinent topics regarding cheerleading and its risks to the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive resource for orthopaedic surgeons and sports medicine physicians who care for these athletes.

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Mueller, Frederick O. "Cheerleading Injuries and Safety." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.565.

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Bryce-Clegg, Alistair. "No glee for cheerleading." Primary Teacher Update 2012, no. 11 (August 2012): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prtu.2012.1.11.46.

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Sing, Robert F. "205 ANKLE PAIN???CHEERLEADING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 22, no. 2 (April 1990): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199004000-00205.

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Whiteside, James A., James R. Andrews, and Martin I. Schwartz. "317 ANKLE INJURY???CHEERLEADING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, Supplement (May 1994): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199405001-00318.

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Batista, Paul J. "Title IX Cheerleading Case." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 84, no. 1 (January 2013): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2013.744918.

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Boyer, Robert E. "September: National Cheerleading Month." Reference Services Review 14, no. 3 (March 1986): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb048953.

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Yakovchuk, T. V., E. V. Malchenko, and I. V. Epishkin. "CHEER SPORTS AND CHEERLEADING." Physical Culture Sport Tourism Motor Recreation 9, no. 1 (March 5, 2024): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2500-0365-2024-9-1-67-74.

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The authors consider animation and game tourism as one of the important areas of tourism. During the study, it was found out that animation and gaming activities are actively used in modern tourism. Due to the fact that the quality of tourist services is improving and the number of services is expanding, this area is actively advancing and its income is growing.

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Yau, Rebecca K., Savannah G. Dennis, Barry P. Boden, Robert C. Cantu, James A. Lord, and Kristen L. Kucera. "Catastrophic High School and Collegiate Cheerleading Injuries in the United States: An Examination of the 2006-2007 Basket Toss Rule Change." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 1 (October 24, 2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738118807122.

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Background: Cheerleading is a specialized athletic activity that can lead to catastrophic injuries. Cheerleading rules are in place to maximize safety of participants. The purpose of this study was to describe catastrophic cheerleading injuries among high school and collegiate-level participants in the United States and to explore whether the 2006-2007 basket toss rule change was effective at reducing the number of catastrophic injuries. Hypothesis: The 2006-2007 basket toss rule change contributed to a reduction in the number of catastrophic injuries among high school and collegiate cheerleaders. Study Design: Case series. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Data on catastrophic cheerleading injuries were collected by the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research from July 2002 to June 2017. Information collected included cheerleader, event, and injury characteristics. The impact of the 2006-2007 rule change banning the basket toss on any hard surfaces was assessed by comparing injury rates and 95% CIs before and after the rule change. Results: There were 54 catastrophic cheerleading injuries, or 3.6 injuries per year. From July 2002 through June 2017, the injury rate was 2.12 per 1,000,000 cheerleaders (95% CI, 1.56-2.69). Most cheerleaders sustained serious injuries (n = 27; 50%) during practice (n = 37; 69%) to the head (n = 28; 52%) and cervical spine (n = 17; 32%). From July 2002 through June 2017, basket tosses were the stunt that accounted for the highest proportion of injuries (n = 19; 35%). The basket toss injury rate decreased from 1.55 to 0.40 per 1,000,000 cheerleaders among both high school and collegiate cheerleaders after the rule change. Conclusion: Catastrophic injury rates in cheerleading decreased dramatically after the 2006-2007 rule change banning basket tosses from being performed on any hard surfaces. In particular, there was a nearly 4-fold reduction in the rate of catastrophic basket toss injuries.

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Reel, Justine J., and Diane L. Gill. "Weight Concerns and Disordered Eating Attitudes among Male and Female College Cheerleaders." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 7, no. 2 (October 1998): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.7.2.79.

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College cheerleaders (73 females and 51 males) participated in the current study on eating disorders and weight-related concerns within cheerleading. The participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS), and CHEER, a measure of weight-related stressors within cheerleading. Significant gender differences were identified through a one-way MANOVA with these measures. As expected, female cheerleaders reported more weight-related concerns and had higher scores on SPAS, EDI Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction than did male cheerleaders. Both males and females reported weight-related concerns, although the actual stressors were different. Based upon these data, we suggest that males, as well as females, face unique pressures in cheerleading related to body weight.

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Synytsya, Tetiana, Sergiy Synytsya, Lina Rybalko, Oksana Kornosenko, and Valeriy Zhamardiy. "Evaluation of Sports Achievements of Participants in Cheerleading Competitions by Rationalizing Refereeing." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/16.1/825.

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Cheerleading is a popular sport that is developing and increasing the number of fans. Cheerleading is a subjective sport and therefore it requires a lot of attention. The aim of the study is to investigate, identify and scientifically substantiate effective ways of rationalizing the refereeing of cheerleading competitions. 105 cheerleading judges took part in the study. Based on the results of the survey, an experimental group of judges of II and III categories was formed, which consisted of 73 young judges (hereinafter referred to as novice judges), who were involved in the experiment. Among them, 35.6% have the II judge category, 64.4% – III. Among novice judges, 23.3% have 3 years of experience as judges, 42.5% – 2 years, the rest – 31.2% – 1 year. The conducted questionnaire of cheerleading judges showed that certain difficulties arise in the judging process: distraction of own athletes and their parents, judges or competition organizers (72.6%); a large number of athletes in the team (up to 24), a significant number of numbers in one nomination (11.0%); long and loud music (8.2%); violation of hygiene requirements (weak or significant lighting, unventilated room, draft, etc.) (8.2%). In addition, there is a need to store the performances in memory, for a qualitative assessment of all competitive performances. As a result of the conducted research, methodical recommendations were developed, as well as developed evaluation symbols and marks for use during competition that will help judges to qualitatively and fairly evaluate competitive performances; remember performances and correctly distribute participants.

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Xu, Amy L., Krishna V. Suresh, and R. Jay Lee. "Progress in Cheerleading Safety: Update on the Epidemiology of Cheerleading Injuries Presenting to US Emergency Departments, 2010-2019." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 232596712110388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211038895.

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Background: Although the athleticism required of cheerleaders has increased, the risks of cheerleading have been less studied as compared with other sports. Purpose: To update our understanding of the epidemiology of cheerleading-related injuries. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: We analyzed the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) for cheerleading-related injuries presenting to nationally representative emergency departments (EDs) in the United States from January 2010 through December 2019. Extracted data included patient age and sex, injury characteristics (diagnosis, body region injured, time of year, and location where injury occurred), and hospital disposition. Using patient narratives, we recorded the cheerleading skills, settings, and mechanisms that led to injury. NEISS sample weights were used to derive national estimates (NEs) from actual case numbers. Results: From 2010 to 2019, a total of 9868 athletes (NE = 350,000; 95% CI, 250,000-450,000) aged 5-25 years presented to US EDs for cheerleading injuries. The annual number of injuries decreased by 15%, from 982 (NE = 35,000; 95% CI, 27,000-44,000) to 897 (NE = 30,000; 95% CI, 18,000-42,000) ( P = .048), corresponding to a 27% decline in the injury rate per 100,000 cheerleaders ( P < .01). The annual number of injuries caused by performing stunts decreased by 24%, from 240 (NE = 8700; 95% CI, 6700-11,000) to 216 (NE = 6600; 95% CI, 4000-9200) ( P = .01), with a 36% decline in the corresponding injury rate per 100,000 cheerleaders ( P < .01). Despite these decreases, annual incidence of concussions/closed head injuries increased by 44%, from 128 (NE = 3800; 95% CI, 2900-4700) to 171 (NE = 5500; 95% CI, 3400-7700) ( P = .02), and patients requiring hospital admission increased by 118%, from 18 (NE = 330; 95% CI, 250-410) to 24 (NE = 720; 95% CI, 440-1000) ( P < .01). The hospital admission rate increased by 9.0% ( P = .02). Conclusion: The number of cheerleading-related injuries presenting to US EDs decreased from 2010 to 2019. However, the incidence of concussions/closed head injuries and hospital admissions increased, suggesting that further measures are needed to improve safety for cheerleaders.

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Kolomeitseva, O. M., K. O. Shapar, and E. P. Dovgopol. "Technical training of cheerleaders in sections of a sports club." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 11(157) (December 1, 2022): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.11(157).20.

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In the article "Technical training of cheerleaders in sections of a sports club" the issues of theory and practice of technical training of cheerleaders in sections of a sports club are considered. Cheerleading refers to sports where technique is the basis the art of movement. Because it combines elements of such sports as gymnastics, acrobatics, sports and other dances - and all this technique is aimed at expressiveness, beauty and precision of movements. Technical training is the level of mastery of the cheerleading movement system by athletes. It cannot be considered in isolation, but should be imagined as a component of a single whole, in which technical solutions are closely related to the physical and mental capabilities of the athlete [4, 14, 15 etc.]. In cheerleading, technical readiness is determined by the level of mastering technical techniques (complexity) and the beauty of movements, their expressiveness and accuracy, since these characteristics determine the level of sports results [15, 20, etc.]. A high level of technical preparation is called technical mastery (TM) [15, etc.]; its criteria are: volume of technique - the total number of technical techniques flawlessly performed by athletes in a certain time; variety of technique - breadth of variety of technical methods [4, 14]. These indicators of technical skill are especially significant in cheerleading, since this sport has a large arsenal of technical processes. The goal of the group of teachers was to investigate the influence of the method of teaching the discipline of cheerleading, in the conditions of a sports club, on the physical development of athletes, the development of their strength abilities, speed of reaction and general strengthening of health and their technical training.

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Hnatko, C. L., F. O??Connor, and B. Jabbari. "SUDDEN EPISODIC WEAKNESS - SWIMMING/CHEERLEADING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35, Supplement 1 (May 2003): S260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200305001-01442.

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Kurman, George. "What Does Girls' Cheerleading Communicate?" Journal of Popular Culture 20, no. 2 (September 1986): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1986.2002_57.x.

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Lamb, Penny, and Esther Priyadharshini. "The conundrum of C/cheerleading." Sport, Education and Society 20, no. 7 (October 29, 2013): 889–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2013.852080.

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Isaacs, David. "Cheerleading is not always safe." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 52, no. 6 (June 2016): 682–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13229.

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Ellis, John M. "Cheerleading for a Crumbling Academy." Academic Questions 23, no. 3 (July 8, 2010): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-010-9178-7.

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Beihul, Igor, Elena Shishkina, and Svetlana Kozub. "The influence of cheerleading on the psychophysical state of female students." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 1(129) (January 27, 2021): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.1(129).01.

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Purpose: to determine the impact of cheerleading classes on the psychophysical condition of female students. Material and methods: to test the impact of cheerleading classes on the psychophysical condition of students, a pedagogical experiment lasting 9 months (September 2018 – May 2019) was organized. The study involved second-year students aged 15–17 of Kamyanka Vocational College of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship, DSTU. The students were divided into two groups: EG – experimental group (n=22) and CG – control group (n=30). The control group was engaged in the generally accepted program of physical culture, and the experimental group was engaged in cheerleading in physical education classes. Classes were held twice a week. At the beginning of the pedagogical experiment (September) and after its completion (May), we tested female students on indicators of psychophysical condition. The following meds were used: theoretical; empirical; psychodiagnostic; pedagogical testing; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: as a result of the use of cheerleading in physical education classes during the school year, there was a significant statistically significant (p<0,05–0,01) increase in the results of pedagogical tests on physical fitness in students of the experimental group. The indicators of the girls of the control group had a positive dynamics, but did not reach statistically significant differences (p>0,05), except for the indicators in the test "Flexion and extension of the arms in a supine position" (p<0,05). It was determined that in the EG of girls at the end of the experiment there was a significant improvement in the studied mental states of EG students (p<0,05) compared with CG students (p>0,05). Conclusions: the study suggests a high efficiency of the use of cheerleading in the system of physical education, which contributed to the improvement of the psychophysical condition of female students.

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Niemann, Michael, Ryan Sprouse, MD, CAQSM, George D. Harris, MD, MS, CAQSM, and Nathan Fiore. "Concussions in High School Sports in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia 2008-2017." West Virginia Medical Journal 115, no. 4 (2019): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21885/wvmj.2019.12.

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The incidence and prevalence of sport-related concussion has increased over the past decade as a result of an increase in athletic participation, improved diagnostic methods, and an overall increased awareness of the symptoms and signs of concussions. This is a retrospective study identifying high school athletes in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia who participated in baseline and post-concussion neurocognitive ImPACT testing from 2008-2017. A total of p40 unique first post injury tests were performed, and a total of 9,850 unique baseline tests were perlormed. The athletes were baseline tested at the beginning of their freshman and junior years. New students and any student who had had a concussion in the previous year were tested prior to starting, their respective sport season. The number of post-concussion tests was compared to the number of baseline tests and stratified each year by age, sex, and sport. Comparing our findings with the incidence by sport reported in the medical literature demonstrated that the same sports identified as being the highest and lowest risk were generally congruent with the sports reported to be the highest and lowest risk in two large literature reviews » B. The notable exception was cheerleading; our study found it to be among the sports with a higher incidence of concussion. A review of the literature demonstrated that cheerleaders, like participants in other contact sports, are at significant risk for concussion. Previously concussion rates in cheerleading bad been reported to be relatively low (4- 6% of cheerleading injuries) compared to other injuries and compared to concussion rates in other sports. However, concussions were noted to be the most common cheerleading injury, accounting for 31.1% of injuries. " and also reported that the number and rate of cheerleading related concussions had increased by 290% from 2001 to 2012.

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Lopez Becerra, Nubia Ibeth. "Relation between motivational factors and levels of anxiety en cheerleaders precompetition." International Journal of Psychological Research 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.802.

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This study is not experimental, correlational. Analyze the relationship between motivational factors and anxiety levels in both elite cheerleading Selection Colombia and cheerleading training Mongui school sports. The population is made up of 20 elite-level cheerleading with an age range between 14 and 25 years old and 20 cheerleaders in training between the ages of 10 and 14 years old. The measuring instruments used are the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS Sport Motivation Scale) Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Briere, & Blais Tuson (1995). Validated for the Colombian population by Losada & Rodríguez (2007) and the STAI questionnaire (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) of Spilberger, Gorsuch & Lushne (1986). Validated by American Psychological Association (APA). The analysis of results using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the SPSS 17.0 statistical package showed that there is a high positive correlation between levels of anxiety and extrinsic motivation for the elite group, while for the training group there were no significant results between the variables studied in this investigation.

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Sazonova, S. L., and D. A. Raskovalova. "Historical aspects of cheerleading as a popular sport for students." Scientific and educational basics in physical culture and sports, no. 2 (November 21, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.57006/2782-3245-2022-6-2-29-33.

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Relevance. This article is devoted to the history of the emergence and formation of cheerleading as a separate sport. This sport is aimed at comprehensive physical, intellectual and spiritual development and contributes to the improvement of motor and moral-volitional qualities.Purpose. Analysis of the current state of the "cheer dispute". Special attention was paid to the historical aspect of the development of this sport and the analysis of it as popular among students.Methodology and organization of the research. In the course of our research, the main method was the analysis of documentary sources, as well as conversations with representatives of this sport.The results of the research. Cheerleading originated in the USA in the 1870s and became most widespread by the middle of the XX century. In the student life of the 1860s, encouraging athletes during competitions became popular, and soon it spread as a separate sport. As a result of the conducted research, a significant increase in the number of people engaged in this sport is shown. There is also data on the doubling of the number of national national teams over 10 years of international competitions in cheer sports. A comparative analysis of cheerleading and competitive gymnast was conducted, their similarities and differences were indicated.Conclusions. Cheerleading is a sport that includes elements of gymnastics and acrobatics, building pyramids. For stronger motivation, it is necessary to develop this sport, scale up competitions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cheerleading'

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