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Academic literature on the topic 'Cheddar cheese'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cheddar cheese"

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YOUSEF, AHMED E., and ELMER H. MARTH. "Quantitation of Growth of Mold on Cheese." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.4.337.

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Earlier work by others indicated that a mold colony grows radially at a constant rate on solid media. This concept was used in our study to develop a method for quantifying growth of mold on cheese. The ability of molds to grow on cheeses or pasteurized process cheese made with or without addition of sorbate was compared. Cheeses tested were mild Cheddar, aged Cheddar, aged-smoked Cheddar, brick and pasteurized process cheese. Pasteurized process cheeses were made from the natural cheeses by addition of water and a phosphate salt, then the mixture was heated. Some pasteurized process cheese from mild Cheddar was made to contain 0–500 ppm sorbic acid. Natural cheeses were sliced under aseptic conditions and were placed in sterile petri-plates. The hot and molten pasteurized process cheeses were poured into petri-plates. A spore suspension of Aspergillus parasiticus or Penicillium camemberti was inoculated onto the center of the cheese slice or pasteurized process cheese, and plates were covered and incubated at 22°C. The radius of mold colonies was measured at 24-h intervals. Data were analyzed by linear regression and lag period and rate of radial growth were calculated. Mold colonies grew radially at constant rates on cheeses and pasteurized process cheese. Lag in growth of each mold was longest on aged Cheddar cheese and pasteurized process cheese made from it, whereas it was shortest on mild Cheddar, brick and pasteurized process cheeses made therefrom. A. parasiticus grew faster on all cheeses and pasteurized process cheeses than did P. camemberti. Aged Cheddar cheese and pasteurized process cheese made from it effectively slowed the growth of both molds that were studied. Pasteurized process cheese containing sorbic acid inhibited growth of both molds. Generally, the higher the concentration of sorbic acid in the pasteurized process cheese, the slower was mold growth and the longer was the lag period.
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Khan, Usman Mir, Ishtiaque Ahmad, Saima Inayat, Hafiz Muhammed Arslan Amin, and Zeliha Selamoglu. "Physicochemical Properties of Cheddar Cheese made from Citrus reticulata Blanco Crude Flowers Extract." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 6 (June 25, 2019): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i6.856-860.2391.

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Citrus reticulata Blanco crude flowers extracts (CFE) at four different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4%, v/v) were used as natural milk coagulant instead of rennet to apply for Cheddar cheese making from buffalo milk. The physicochemical properties of Cheddar cheeses were compared with cheese made with 0.002% (v/v) rennet (control cheese). Physicochemical properties of Cheddar cheese showed that cheese made with 1% and 2% of CFE had a crumbly and slightly softer texture/appearance. While cheeses containing 3 and 4% crude flowers extracts had semi-hard texture/appearance of curd similar to rennet added cheese. Protein analysis shows that crude flowers extracts made cheese had significantly higher protein content than control. The Cheddar cheese with 3% and 4% CFE were preferred by panelists instead of 1% and 2% CFE for their taste, texture/appearance and overall acceptability. Conclusively, crude flowers extracts coagulated Cheddar cheese fulfills the compositional requirement with acceptable organoleptic characteristics and at the same time provides nutritional health benefits.
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Rosenberg, Moshe, and Yael Rosenberg. "Proteolysis during aging of commercial full-fat and reduced-fat Cheddar cheeses of identical chronological age." AIMS Agriculture and Food 7, no. 4 (2022): 855–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022052.

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<abstract> <p>The evolution of Cheddar cheese flavor and texture is highly dependent on its proteolytic state however, Cheddar cheese is marketed based on its chronological age. Information about the proteolytic age of commercial Cheddar cheese of a given age almost does not exist. The present research challenged the merit of marketing Cheddar cheese according to its chronological age. Full-fat (FF) and Reduced-fat (RF) Cheddar cheeses, of identical chronological age, were aged for 180 days at 5 ℃ and the progression of the proteolytic cascade was investigated and quantified. The accumulation of the cheese N fractions that are soluble at pH 4.6 (4.6SN), soluble in 12% tri-chloroacetic acid (12TCASN), and soluble in 5% phospho-tungstic acid (5PTASN) was quantified along with the accumulation of free L-Glutamic acid (L-Glu). Results indicated that both FF and RF cheeses exhibited very significant among-cheeses differences in accumulation of the investigated fractions (p &lt; 0.05). These significant differences were related to both the concentration of the fractions and the rate at which they accumulated. The results thus reflected significant among-cheeses differences in the inherent proteolytic potential of the cheeses as well as in its manifestation during aging. Results clearly indicated that the chronological age of the investigated cheeses did not reflect their proteolytic age. The results highlighted the need to market Cheddar cheese based on some proteolysis-related quantitative parameters.</p> </abstract>
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Sullivan, Rosa C., Samantha Nottage, Fiyinfolu Makinwa, Maria Jose Oruna-Concha, Colette C. Fagan, and Jane K. Parker. "Characterisation of Cooked Cheese Flavour: Non-Volatile Components." Foods 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2023): 3749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12203749.

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This work examined the role of selected non-volatile compounds in cooked cheese flavour, both as tastants and as precursors of aroma generation in the Maillard reaction. The effect of cooking on the concentration of selected non-volatile compounds (organic acids, sugars, amino acids, γ-glutamyl dipeptides, and diketopiperazines) in six cheeses (mature Cheddar, mozzarella, Parmesan, and mild Cheddar (low, medium, and high fat)) was determined. Sugars, amino acids, and γ-glutamyl dipeptides were extracted and analysed by LC, whereas diketopiperazines were extracted by solid-phase extraction and analysed by GC-MS. Sugars, amino acids, and γ-glutamyl dipeptides decreased in concentration during cooking, whereas diketopiperazines and some organic acids increased in concentration. Diketopiperazines were above the taste threshold in some cooked cheeses and below the threshold in uncooked cheeses. The role of fat content in cooked cheese flavour is discussed. Furthermore, γ-glutamyl dipeptide concentration increased during 24 months of ageing in low, medium, and high-fat Cheddars, with similar levels of γ-glutamyl dipeptide detected in aged low and high-fat Cheddars. This work will give valuable insight for the dairy industry to inform the development of cheeses, especially low-fat variants, for use in cooked foods.
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Gulzar, Nabila, Aysha Sameen, Rana Muhammad Aadil, Amna Sahar, Saima Rafiq, Nuzhat Huma, Muhammad Nadeem, Rizwan Arshad, and Iqra Muqadas Saleem. "Descriptive Sensory Analysis of Pizza Cheese Made from Mozzarella and Semi-Ripened Cheddar Cheese Under Microwave and Conventional Cooking." Foods 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020214.

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The present study used descriptive sensory analysis (DSA) to compare Pizza cheeses prepared from various combinations of fresh Mozzarella and semi-ripened Cheddar cheeses and cooked under conventional and microwave cooking methods. A cheese sensory lexicon was developed, and descriptive sensory profiles of the Pizza cheeses were evaluated using a panel of semi-trained judges (n = 12). The following characteristics, flavor (cheddar, acidic, rancid, bitter, salty, creamy, and moldy), texture (stringiness, stretchability, firmness, and tooth pull), and appearance (meltability, oiliness, edge browning, and surface rupture) of Pizza cheeses were analyzed and compared with control samples. The sensory analysis of Pizza cheeses showed more preference toward a higher level of ripened Cheddar cheese (4 months), which was cooked using the microwave. However, the scores for texture properties were decreased with the addition of the semi-ripened cheese. The scores for stretchability and tooth pull were high in the microwave cooked samples compared with the conventionally cooked samples. The appearance attributes (meltability, oiliness, and edge browning) scores were increased with the increasing of ripened Cheddar cheese content while surface rupture was decreased. Microwave cooked Pizza cheese showed better meltability and oiliness but lower edge browning scores. The results showed that amalgamations of fresh Mozzarella and semi-ripened Cheddar cheese had a significant (p < 0.05) and positive effects on the sensory qualities of Pizza cheeses.
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Gulzar, Nabila. "Influence of mozzarella and cheddar cheese mixing on biochemical characteristics of pizza cheese blends." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58, no. 04 (September 1, 2021): 1359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/21.50.

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Restaurants and pizza makers in Pakistan demand a cheese that has ability to melt, stretch with a characteristics flavor and less free oil formation while applied on pizza dough. The desired characteristics can be obtained with proper amalgamation of fresh and ripened cheeses. Therefore, the present research was planned to prepare Pizza cheese blends (PCB) from fresh Mozzarella and ripened (2 and 4 months) Cheddar cheese. Seven Pizza cheese blends were prepared with fresh Mozzarella and ripened (2 and 4 months) Cheddar cheese. The quality of Pizza cheese blends were evaluated by measuring chemical composition, proteolysis, intact casein and organic acids contents. The rate of proteolysis (pH 4.6-soluble and TCA-soluble nitrogen) was rapid in PCB made with higher level of four months ripened Cheddar cheese. Electrophoresis (Urea PAGE) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated reduced intact casein in PCB that has higher level of aged (4 months) Cheddar cheese. Mean abundances indicated significant change in organic acid contents of PCB. In conclusion, significant variation was observed for proteolysis, intact casein and organic acids production with the difference in percentages and ages of cheeses. The prevalence of a comparatively large amount of variability in technological properties of Pizza cheese was confirmed. This blending of cheeses provides new insight to cheese industries which directs new strategies to improve the characteristics of Pizza cheese.
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Hickey, Dara K., Kieran N. Kilcawley, Tom P. Beresford, Elizabeth M. Sheehan, and Martin G. Wilkinson. "Starter strain related effects on the biochemical and sensory properties of Cheddar cheese." Journal of Dairy Research 74, no. 1 (September 21, 2006): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029906002032.

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A detailed investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of four single starter strains, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 303, Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris HP, Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris AM2, and Lactobacillus helveticus DPC4571 on the proteolytic, lipolytic and sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheese. Cheeses produced using the highly autolytic starters 4571 and AM2 positively impacted on flavour development, whereas cheeses produced from the poorly autolytic starters 303 and HP developed off-flavours. Starter selection impacted significantly on the proteolytic and sensory characteristics of the resulting Cheddar cheeses. It appeared that the autolytic and/or lipolytic properties of starter strains also influenced lipolysis, however lipolysis appeared to be limited due to a possible lack of availability or access to suitable milk fat substrates over ripening. The impact of lipolysis on the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheese was unclear, possibly due to minimal differences in the extent of lipolysis between the cheeses at the end of ripening. As anticipated seasonal milk supply influenced both proteolysis and lipolysis in Cheddar cheese. The contribution of non-starter lactic acid bacteria towards proteolysis and lipolysis over the first 8 months of Cheddar cheese ripening was negligible.
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MEHTA, ANUJ, and SITA R. TATINI. "An Evaluation of the Microbiological Safety of Reduced-Fat Cheddar-like Cheese." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.9.776.

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This study was carried out to investigate microbiological safety of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese. This was done by studying the behavior of two strains of Listeria monocytogenes, (Scott A-4b and V7-1a) and two species of the genus Salmonella, (Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella senftenberg) during manufacture and aging of reduced or low-fat stirred curd Cheddar cheese made from milk containing 1.5 to 2.0% fat. The fat content of reduced-fat cheeses was between 20.03 and 21.13% while that of control cheeses was between 28.11 and 30.41%. Listeriae declined slowly in both cheeses and their rate of decline was not affected by fat reduction. During the 20-week aging period, the average (3 trials) log10 colony forming units (CFU)/g decline in Listeria population was 0.84 in control cheese and 0.62 in reduced-fat cheese. During the same period, the average log10 CFU/g decline in Salmonella population was 4.81 in control cheese and 5.16 in reduced-fat cheese. Salmonellae were affected by fat reduction, and during the entire aging period their population was lower in reduced-fat cheese than in control cheese. Thus, reduction of fat in the dry matter of cheese from 48 to 36% had no effect on listeriae but salmonellae declined faster in reduced-fat stirred curd Cheddar cheese.
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SCHAFFER, SHAWN M., SITA R. TATINI, and ROBERT J. BAER. "Microbiological Safety of Blue and Cheddar Cheeses Containing Naturally Modified Milk Fat." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.2.132.

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Milk containing naturally modified fat was obtained by feeding lactating dairy cows a Control diet and two experimental diets containing either extruded soybeans or sunflower seeds. Milk from cows fed the experimental diets contained higher levels of both long chain (C18-C18:2) and unsaturated fatty acids than the milk from cows fed the Control diet. Each milk was pasteurized, standardized to 3.6% milk fat, and inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (strains Scott A and V7), Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella senftenberg, before manufacturing into Blue or stirred-curd Cheddar cheeses. Populations of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were monitored during manufacture and aging using Oxford and Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate agars, respectively. During the manufacture of Blue and Cheddar cheese, and during the aging of Blue cheese, behavior of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes in the experimental cheese was similar to the Control cheese. During aging of Cheddar cheese, the rate and extent of decline of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes varied among the cheeses. Declines correlated with the accumulation of specific fatty acids, namely C12, C14, C18:1 and C18:2. These fatty acids were also found to be inhibitory to S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes when incorporated into tryptic soy agar plates at 37°C. Therefore, the natural fat modification of Blue and Cheddar cheeses enhanced the safety of these cheeses.
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MARTLEY, FRANK G., and VALÉRIE MICHEL. "Pinkish colouration in Cheddar cheese – description and factors contributing to its formation." Journal of Dairy Research 68, no. 2 (May 2001): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029901004836.

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During a routine inspection of Cheddar cheese manufactured at a commercial factory in New Zealand, some lots of 6-month-old cheese were found to have developed a pinkish colouration on the surface of the 20 kg blocks of cheese. Colouration did not always occur uniformly on all six faces of the rectangular cheese block, or even on a single face of the block. Furthermore, not all blocks from within the same day's manufacture were equally affected. When an affected block was removed from its bag and cut across, colouration was sometimes found to penetrate approximately 1–2 cm down into the cheese. In those blocks where a plug of cheese had been removed previously, a pinkish zone surrounded the plug-hole cavity.The pinkish colouration was observed to fade slowly (over about 12–24 h) when the cheese surface was exposed to air.Annatto, known to cause pink discolouration in “coloured” Cheddar cheese (Govindarajan & Morris, 1973) and in processed cheese made using coloured Cheddar, was not used in the manufacture of the present cheeses and could therefore be excluded as a cause of the colouration.The flavour profiles of all affected cheeses were considered by experienced industry cheese graders to be easily within the normal range of flavour profile expected for a cheese of this type i.e. there was no evidence of any off-flavour development.The present short communication describes the microbiological and chemical investigations carried out to determine the origin and nature of the pinkish colouration in Cheddar cheese.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cheddar cheese"

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Dias, Benjamin. "Methanethiol and Cheddar Cheese Flavor." DigitalCommons@USU, 1999. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5465.

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The use of slower acid-producing starter bacteria for the production of lower fat Cheddar cheese has lead to milder flavor Cheddar cheeses that lack intense Cheddar notes. The metabolism of methionine leads to the production of methanethiol, which is one of the desirable Cheddar cheese flavor compounds. The influence of NaCl and reduced pH was determined for aminopeptidase, lipase/ esterase, and methanethiol-producing capability in selected lactic acid bacteria and brevibacteria in simulated cheese-like conditions. The activity of each enzyme decreased with NaCl addition and pH reduction to approximate a Cheddar cheese environment (5% NaCl and pH 5.2). The mechanism for methanethiol production by the starter and adjunct bacteria was also investigated. Different enzyme systems were found to be responsible for methanethiol production in starter lactococci, lactobacilli, and brevibacteria. In the lactococci, enzymes that acted primarily on cystathionine were responsible for methanethiol production from methionine. Lactobacilli also contained cystathionine-degrading enzymes, but these enzymes have properties different from the lactococcal enzymes. Brevibacterium linensBL2 lacked cystathionine-degrading enzymes, but was capable of the direct conversion of methionine to methanethiol. L-Methionine γ-lyase from B. linens BL2 was purified to homogeneity, and was found to catalyze the α, γ elimination of methionine resulting in the production of methanethiol, α-ketobutyrate, and ammonia. Characterization of the pure enzyme demonstrated that it is pyridoxal phosphate dependent, which is active at salt and pH conditions existing in ripening Cheddar cheese. The addition of either B. linens BL2 or L-methionine γ-lyase to aseptic cheese curd slurries increased methanethiol and total volatile sulfur compound production. In an attempt to increase methanethiol production and Cheddar cheese flavor in reduced-fat Cheddar cheese, B. linens BL2 was added as a starter adjunct to 60% reduced-fat cheese. Sensory evaluation of the cheese indicated that B. linens BL2 improved the flavor of 60% reduced-fat Cheddar cheese. This suggests that the addition of B. linens BL2 is an alternative to the addition of lactic acid bacteria to improve Cheddar cheese flavor via the metabolism of methionine.
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Fedrick, Ian Allan. "Accelerated ripening of cheddar cheese." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1986. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35957/1/35957_Fedrick_1986.pdf.

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Various techniques for accelerating mature flavour development in Cheddar cheese were compared. Control cheese ( c) was manufactured by using Streptococcus cremor is AM2, a starter used in normal commercial manufacture. A combination of S. cremoris AM2 and Streptococcus lactis C2 Lac- Prt- mutant was used in the manufacture of test cheeses (M). §._. lactis C2 mutant was grown in glucose broth at 30°c and pH 6 .O for 16 hours, followed by concentration and diafiltration to 1011cfu mL - 1 using microfiltration equipment. The control cheesemilk was inoculated to 6x107 streptococci pe mL with S. cremoris AM2 and the mutant vat cheesemilk to 2x109 per mL with a combination of ~ cremoris AM2 and ~ lactis C2 mutant. The starter population in cheese containing mutant starter was 100 times that in control cheese (1010 compared to 10a). Cheeses were also made with added bacterial neutral proteinase (Neutrase, N) and stored at a0c (a) and 15°c ( 15) for 32 weeks. This resulted in cheese being subjected to the following treatments: ca (control), C15, CNa, CN15, Ma·, M15, MNa, and MN15. Cheddaring times were slightly reduced and milling acidities slightly higher in the vat . containing mutant starter. However the composition of all cheese was satisfactory. Bacteriological counts, proteolysis, rheological properties and flavour development of these cheeses were monitored at regular intervals throughout maturation. The order of the effectiveness of the treatment in accelerating ripening was MN15, >M15,> CN15,> C15,> MNa,> Ma,> CNa,> ca. Cheeses from these treatments attained the characteristics of control cheese stored at a0 c (Ca) for 6 months after 1.4, 1.7, 2.0, 2.6, 2.8, 3.2, 4.3 and 6.0 months respectively. Cheese quality was not adversely affected except for bitterness in CN8 cheese and overmaturity in CN15 cheese late in the storage period. The possible mechanisms and relative merits of the various treatments are discussed with special reference to an "active role" theory of starter bacteria in flavour development.
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Gouldsworthy, Adam M. "Characterisation of protein degradation in Cheddar cheese." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245296.

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Hort, Joanne. "Cheddar cheese : its texture, chemical composition and rheological properties." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1997. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19833/.

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Procedures associated with Quantitative Descriptive Analysis were used to identify and subsequently train a panel to quantify the perceived textural attributes of Cheddar cheese. Seventeen types of Cheddar were assessed by the panel for creaminess, crumbliness (fingers), crumbliness (chewing), firmness, graininess, hardness (first bite), hardness (cutting), and springiness. Cluster and Principal Component analyses of the sensory data revealed that the cheese samples could be subdivided into young, mature and extra mature Cheddars in terms of the textural attributes measured. The panel was also able to distinguish between the low fat and genuine Cheddars. The percentage fat, moisture and salt contents and the pH level of the seventeen Cheddar samples were established. An inverse correlation between fat and moisture content and a positive correlation between pH level and salt content were observed. The rheological properties were measured using three tests performed on an Instron Universal Testing Machine - a compression test, a cutting test and a stress relaxation test - and, where appropriate, were reported in terms of true stress and true (Hencky) strain curves. The viscoelastic properties of Cheddar observed during stress relaxation tests were modeled using a Generalised Maxwellian model consisting of two exponential elements and a residual term. Considerable variation in all the rheological properties was observed amongst the Cheddar samples. The rheological parameters did not distinguish between the samples to the same extent as the sensory assessment. However, Cluster Analysis of the rheological data did differentiate between the rheological profiles of the young (mild & medium) and the remaining mature/extra mature samples. The relationships between the textural attributes and the chemical and rheological parameters were investigated. No relationship between chemical composition and texture was identified, but correlations between the rheological parameters and the textural attributes were not uncommon. Multiple regression techniques were employed to construct mathematical models to predict the textural attributes from the rheological data. Successful models were constructed utilising parameters from the compression and cutting tests for all the attributes apart from creaminess. More precise models were constructed for firmness, springiness and crumbliness (fingers) where the action of the instrumental test from which the rheological parameters were obtained resembled the test method used by the panel. The chemical, textural and rheological properties of an English Cheddar were determined at various stages during its ripening period to investigate any changes that occurred. A slight increase in pH was the only chemical change recorded. Progressive changes in the majority of the textural attributes were observed. The most dramatic changes included a decrease in springiness and an increase in creaminess. A changing rheological profile was also observed during maturation, a decreasing strain at fracture being the most notable development. The sequence of changes in both the textural and rheological properties was divided into three fairly distinct phases, the initial stage reflecting the developments necessary before the cheese would be suitable for retail sale and the final stage including the development of the necessary textural attributes characteristic of a Mature English Cheddar. It was evident that the timing of the maturation period was pertinent to the development of textural attributes characteristic of particular maturities of Cheddar cheese. The textural attributes of the maturing Cheddar were also predicted at each stage of maturation using the mathematical models constructed in the initial study. Accurate predictions were made for all the attributes except crumbliness (chewing) and graininess.
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Beardsley, Richard James. "Growth of E. coli in reduced salt cheddar cheese." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63231.

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Modern day consumers have become more health conscious and there has been a movement towards reducing sodium intake in their diets. This is due to the risk of the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, as well as other diet related non-communicable diseases associated with excessive sodium intake. Cheddar cheese is one of the most popular cheeses consumed globally and has a relatively high sodium content (2% w/w). A possible way of reducing the sodium content is by making use of replacement salts such as KCl and MgCl2. Partial substitution of NaCl with KCl and MgCl2 has been shown to be possible without compromising on key quality parameters, however very little work has been conducted on the effects of partial salt replacement on the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli. The first phase of the study focused on replicating the model employed by Grummer & Schoenfuss (2011), to determine equivalent water activities amongst the cheese samples made with different partial salt replacers. The model was adjusted accordingly, and any deviations were noted and taken into account for the second phase of the study. The second phase of the study involved the manufacture of reduced salt cheeses and their inoculation with three different serotypes of non-O157:H7 shiga toxin-producing E. coli. The effect that the alternative sources of salt, as well as reduced NaCl levels had on the growth of E. coli were studied. Physicochemical analyses for the water activity, moisture content and salt-in-moisture (S/M) content of all cheeses were carried out. All three E. coli serotypes were able to grow at water activities greater than 0.95, irrespective of the type of salt treatment used. Even though the Full NaCl control cheeses (2% NaCl) were salted to bring about water activities of less than 0.95, E. coli was still able to grow and increased for 14 days. No differences were found between E. coli growth in the different salt treated cheeses. A correlation was found between the S/M ratio and E. coli growth, with a higher S/M ratio resulting in less E. coli growth. Although water activity is a critical parameter with respect to the inhibition of E. coli growth in cheddar cheese, the S/M ratio was found to be just as crucial a consideration. A combination of hurdle technology is therefore required for ensuring the safety of cheddar cheese products. Salt content, in addition to low pH and low storage temperature work synergistically to exclude the growth of pathogenic bacteria, however much care must be taken when reducing the salt content of cheddar cheese. Reduction of the salt content may interfere with the balance of inhibition of other currently non-problematic bacteria, which may result in the necessity for the replacement of its antimicrobial action. It is therefore apparent that further research on the effects of salt reduction as well as its partial replacement on the growth of E. coli and other pathogens is required, before the implementation of potential salt reduction regulations in cheese products is considered.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Food Science
MSc
Unrestricted
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Huffman, Lee Meryl. "Role of lactose in cheddar cheese manufacture and ripening /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487263399023927.

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7

Agarwal, Shantanu. "Processing and intrinsic factors affecting the occurrence of calcium lactate crystals in cheddar cheese." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2007/S_Agarwal_040807.pdf.

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8

Arora, Gulshan. "Studies on peptidases of cheddar cheese-associated Lactobacillus casei species." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70186.

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Preliminary experiments by API ZYM enzyme system showed that Lactobacillus casei (Lb. casei) subspecies contained low proteinase and high aminopeptidase and esterase-lipase activities, which are the desirable traits of microorganisms to be used as starter adjuncts in Cheddar cheese-making. Six strains of Lb. casei (ssp. casei, ssp. rhamnosus, and ssp. pseudoplantarum), selected from superior peptidase and esterase-lipase profiles, were further studied for their amino-, di-, and carboxy-peptidase activities using thirty synthetic substrates. This study revealed useful information towards improving our understanding of the peptidase profiles and probable role of Lb. casei in Cheddar cheese ripening. Although individual strains varied in their specific activities against different substrates, Lactobacillus subspecies generally exhibited high amino- and di-peptidase, relatively weak tripeptidase, but no carboxypeptidase activities. The knowledge gained from these studies helped us selecting two strains (Lb. casei ssp. casei LLG and Lb. casei ssp. rhamnosus S93) with highest amino- and di-peptidase activities for further research. In order to study their enzymatic characteristics and kinetics, aminopeptidase of these two strains were purified to homogeneity by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC). A single monomeric enzyme was shown to be responsible for the entire aminopeptidase activity of the cell-free extracts. This investigation provided new insights and revealed fundamental knowledge about the peptidases of Lb. casei group. In addition, new methodologies were developed for rapid enzyme purification using FPLC system, and evaluation of peptidases by API ZYM enzyme system.
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Poveda, Mariela Fernanda. "EFFECTS OF CHELATING AGENTS ON TEXTURE OF LOWFAT CHEDDAR CHEESE." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1056.

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Effects of two types of chelating agents on proteolysis and texture properties of low fat Cheddar cheese (LFC) were analyzed and compared to full fat Cheddar (FFC) control during ripening for 120 days at 8°C. We hypothesized that chelating agents would bind calcium ions from cheese matrix to give a softer curd due to a decrease of protein-protein interactions and simultaneously increasing moisture content. Cheese milk containing (0.59% fat) was divided into three lots (A, B & C). Sodium citrate (3Na) and disodium EDTA (EDTA) were added to A & B at the rate of (0.02% and 0.2% respectively. C served as control (LFC). Cheesemilk (88°F) was preacidified to pH 6.2 prior to setting using 34 ml chymosin/454 kg and starter culture addition. After cutting, curd was cooked to 96°F for 30 min and held for 10 min. After cooking, the curd was washed, salted, hooped and pressed. FFC was made on subsequence days from same batch of milk by the stirred curd method for Cheddar cheese, cheesemaking was replicated 5 times. Significant difference in moisture content (P˂0.05) was observed between FFC and LFC. Calcium content on the EDTA and 3Na was significantly reduced (P˂0.05) compared to FFC. No significant difference (P˃0.05) in hardness was observed between FFC and LFC at day 7 and 30. After day 30, significant differences (P
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Kleinhenz, Joseph Patrick. "Medium and higher molecular weight volatile thiols in aged cheddar cheese and their relation to flavor." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054657696.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 181 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-168). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Books on the topic "Cheddar cheese"

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Koçulu, İlhan, Gülay Kayacan, and Fatih Tatari. Alplerden Kafkaslara Kars peynirciliğinin 150 yıllık tarihi. 2nd ed. İstanbul: Boğatepe Çevre ve Yaşam Derneği, 2014.

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Aplin, Richard D. Comparison of the economics of cheddar cheese manufacture by conventional and milk fractionation/concentration technologies. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1992.

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D, Aplin Richard, Barbano David M, and New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Dept. of Agricultural Economics., eds. Whey powder and whey protein concentrate production technology, costs and profitability. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1990.

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ill, Schindler S. D., ed. A big cheese for the White House: The true tale of a tremendous cheddar. New York: DK Pub., 1999.

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ill, Schindler S. D., ed. A big cheese for the White House: The true tale of a tremendous cheddar. [New York]: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2004.

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McAfee, Teresa A. The quality and yield of Cheddar cheese made from milk treated with carbon dioxide: A dissertation for the MSc Degree presented by Teresa A. McAfee. Cookstown: [The Author], 1991.

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Pak, Ho-sŏn. Tcholbyŏng to pandŭsi chedae handa. Sŏul: Hŭk, 1991.

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Cailluet, Ludovic. Chedde: Un siècle d'industrie au pays du Mont-Blanc. Grenoble: Presses universitaires de Grenoble, 1997.

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AMANDA, Buitron. Recipes for Cheddar Cheese Lovers : Savory Cheddar Cheese Cooking Ideas: Cheddar Cheese Recipes. Independently Published, 2021.

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Cheddar Cheese Making. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cheddar cheese"

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Partridge, John A. "Cheddar and Cheddar-Type Cheese." In The Sensory Evaluation of Dairy Products, 225–70. New York, NY: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77408-4_9.

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Delahunty, Conor M., John R. Piggott, John M. Conner, and Alistair Paterson. "Flavor Evaluation of Cheddar Cheese." In ACS Symposium Series, 202–16. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0633.ch018.

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Lawrence, R. C., J. Gilles, and L. K. Creamer. "Cheddar Cheese and Related Dry-Salted Cheese Varieties." In Cheese: Chemistry, Physics and Microbiology, 1–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2648-3_1.

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Lawrence, R. C., J. Gilles, and L. K. Creamer. "Cheddar Cheese and Related Dry-Salted Cheese Varieties." In Cheese: Chemistry, Physics and Microbiology, 1–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2800-5_1.

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Johnson, Mark E., and Carol M. Chen. "Technology of Manufacturing Reduced-Fat Cheddar Cheese." In Chemistry of Structure-Function Relationships in Cheese, 331–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1913-3_21.

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Banks, Jean M., Elizabeth Y. Brechany, William W. Christie, Edward A. Hunter, and D. Donald Muir. "Cheddar Cheese Flavour and Chemical Indices: Changes During Maturation." In Chemistry of Structure-Function Relationships in Cheese, 99–112. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1913-3_7.

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Sweatman, Winston L., Steven Psaltis, Steven Dargaville, and Alistair Fitt. "A Mathematical Model of the Ripening of Cheddar Cheese." In Mathematics in Industry, 1021–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23413-7_143.

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Drake, MaryAnne, Keith R. Cadwallader, and Mary E. Carunchia Whetstine. "Establishing Links between Sensory and Instrumental Analyses of Dairy Flavors: Example Cheddar Cheese." In ACS Symposium Series, 51–77. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0971.ch003.

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Akuzawa, R., and K. Yokoyama. "Isolation and Some Properties of Low-Temperature-Active Proteinase from Commercial Cheddar Cheese." In MILK the vital force, 59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3733-8_50.

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Banks, Jean M., A. J. R. Law, J. Leaver, and D. S. Horne. "Maturation Profiles of Cheddar-Type Cheese Produced from High Heat Treatment Milk to Incorporate Whey Protein." In Chemistry of Structure-Function Relationships in Cheese, 221–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1913-3_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cheddar cheese"

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Nursanto, Eduardus, Reforny Gunawan, Juan Laksono, and Radita Putera. "Feasibility Study of Cheddar Cheese Factory from Goat Milk in Indonesia." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Engineering, Infrastructure and Development, ICO-SEID 2022, 23-24 November 2022, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.23-11-2022.2341589.

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Li Juan Yu and Michael Ngadi. "Proteolysis in cheddar-type cheese made from PEF (pulsed electric field) treated milk." In 2006 CSBE/SCGAB, Edmonton, AB Canada, July 16-19, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.22090.

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Bi, Weiwei, Guixing Zhao, Guangjin Wang, Bixian Zhang, Shuwen Lu, Haofei Liu, Jinrong Li, and Lei Chen. "Influence on Cheddar cheese proteolysis and sensory characteristics of non-starter strain Lactobacillus plantarum." In 2017 International Conference on Material Science, Energy and Environmental Engineering (MSEEE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mseee-17.2017.12.

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Reports on the topic "Cheddar cheese"

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Bryant, C. A., S. A. Wilks, and C. W. Keevil. Survival of SARS-CoV-2 on the surfaces of food and food packaging materials. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kww583.

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COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first reported in China in December 2019. The virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently responsible for 500 million reported cases and over 6.4 million deaths. A risk assessment published by the Foods Standards Agency (FSA) in 2020 (Opens in a new window) concluded that it was very unlikely that you could catch coronavirus via food. This assessment included the worst-case assumption that, if food became contaminated during production, no significant inactivation of virus would occur before consumption. However, the rate of inactivation of virus on products sold at various temperatures was identified as a key uncertainty, because if inactivation does occur more rapidly in some situations, then a lower risk may be more appropriate. This project was commissioned to measure the rate of inactivation of virus on the surface of various types of food and food packaging, reducing that uncertainty. The results will be used to consider whether the assumption currently made in the risk assessment remains appropriate for food kept at a range of temperatures, or whether a lower risk is more appropriate for some. We conducted a laboratory-based study, artificially contaminating infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the surfaces of foods and food packaging. We measured how the amount of infectious virus present on those surfaces declined over time, at a range of temperatures and relative humidity levels, reflecting typical storage conditions. We tested broccoli, peppers, apple, raspberry, cheddar cheese, sliced ham, olives, brine from the olives, white and brown bread crusts, croissants and pain au chocolat. The foods tested were selected as they are commonly sold loose on supermarket shelves or uncovered at deli counters or market stalls, they may be difficult to wash, and they are often consumed without any further processing i.e. cooking. The food packaging materials tested were polyethylene terephthalate (PET1) trays and bottles; aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons. These were selected as they are the most commonly used food packaging materials or consumption of the product may involve direct mouth contact with the packaging. Results showed that virus survival varied depending on the foods and food packaging examined. In several cases, infectious virus was detected for several hours and in some cases for several days, under some conditions tested. For a highly infectious agent such as SARS-CoV-2, which is thought to be transmissible by touching contaminated surfaces and then the face, this confirmation is significant. For most foods tested there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours. However, for cheddar cheese and sliced ham, stored in refrigerated conditions and a range of relative humidity, the virus levels remained high up to a week later, when the testing period was stopped. Both cheddar cheese and sliced ham have high moisture, protein and saturated fat content, possibly offering protection to the virus. When apples and olives were tested, the virus was inactivated to the limit of detection very quickly, within an hour, when the first time point was measured. We suggest that chemicals, such as flavonoids, present in the skin of apples and olives inactivate the virus. The rate of viral decrease was rapid, within a few hours, for croissants and pain au chocolat. These pastries are both coated with a liquid egg wash, which may have an inhibitory effect on the virus. Food packaging materials tested had variable virus survival. For all food packaging, there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours, in all relative humidity conditions and at both 6°C and 21°C; these included PET1 bottles and trays, aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons.
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FAQ: Microbes Make the Cheese. American Society for Microbiology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aamcol.june.2014.

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Cheese, a traditional food incorporated into many cuisines, is used as an ingredient in cooking or consumed directly as an appetizer or dessert, often with wine or other suitable beverages. Great numbers of cheese varieties are produced, reflecting in part the versatility of the microorganisms used in cheese-making that this FAQ report will describe. Cheese is one of the few foods we eat that contains extraordinarily high numbers of living, metabolizing microbes, leading some participants to say, “Cheese is alive!” The broad groups of cheese-making microbes include many varieties of bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi (molds). This report focuses on the microbiology of “natural” cheeses, those made directly from milk, including hard and soft varieties such as Cheddar, Mozzarella, and Camembert. Pasteurized process cheese, the other broad category of cheese, is made by blending natural cheeses with emulsifying agents, preservatives, thickeners, flavorings, and seasonings. “American cheese” is perhaps the classic example of a process cheese, notwithstanding recent examples of American artisanal cheese-making and changing tastes among consumers of those cheeses.
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