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Academic literature on the topic 'Checkpoint inibitore'
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Journal articles on the topic "Checkpoint inibitore"
Nervo, Alice, Valentina D’Angelo, and Emanuela Arvat. "Ipofisite da inibitori dei checkpoint immunologici." L'Endocrinologo 22, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40619-021-00868-7.
Full textPatti, Luca, Laura Musso, Diego Ferone, and Manuela Albertelli. "Inibitori dei checkpoint immunitari e patologia tiroidea." L'Endocrinologo 23, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40619-022-01038-z.
Full textPuxeddu, Efisio. "Effetti collaterali endocrinologici degli inibitori dei checkpoint immunitari." L'Endocrinologo 17, no. 4 (August 2016): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40619-016-0218-6.
Full textBa Aqeel, Sheeba Habeeb, Prasanth Lingamaneni, Shristi Upadhyay Banskota, Muhammad Zain Farooq, Rayli Pichardo, Ishaan Vohra, and Ankit Mangla. "Cardiotoxicity associated with immune checkpoint inibitors: A systemic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e15131-e15131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15131.
Full textD’Ambrosio, Cristiana. "Immunoterapia ed eventi avversi cardiaci: come riconoscerli e gestirli." Cardiologia Ambulatoriale, November 30, 2020, 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17473/1971-6818-2020-3-11.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Checkpoint inibitore"
RAMBALDI, BENEDETTA. "Understanding T and NK cell reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a path to improve graft versus leukemia and minimize graft versus host disease." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/402375.
Full textHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) represents a cardinal therapy for hematological malignancy otherwise incurable. However, HCT can be complicated by disease recurrence, graft versus host disease (GVHD) and infections. After HCT, reconstituting T and NK cells protect against infection and relapse, but they are also involved in the pathogenesis of GVHD. The aims of my PhD project were to improve the understanding of T and NK-cell reconstitution, using samples from both healthy donor and patients after transplant and different technical approaches (flow cytometry, mass cytometry, RNA sequencing, and ex vivo functional assay) and to develop post-transplant T and NK cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies. First, we showed that delayed early T-cell recovery, a higher Treg/ Tcon ratio, an increased PD-1 expression on memory T cells, and an enriched immature NK phenotype were observed after haploidentical HCT (haplo-HCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide. In addition, the expansion of functionally impaired immature CD56brightCD16+ NK cells after haplo-HCT can be enhanced with in vitro interleukin-15 priming. Second, we initiated a phase I trial of adoptively transferred cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells in patients with myeloid malignancies who relapsed after haplo-HCT. In the first 6 enrolled patients, infusion of CIML NK cells led to a rapid 10- to 50-fold in vivo expansion that was sustained over months. The infusion was well tolerated, with fever and pancytopenia as the most common adverse events. Based on these preliminary data, CIML NK cells may serve as a promising platform for the treatment of posttransplant relapse of myeloid disease. Finally, we focused on the balancing of T cell response to control GVHD occurrence. CD6, a pan-T cell co-stimulatory receptor, helps to stabilize the immunological synapse between the T cell and the APC, upon ligation, with its ligand, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). In this context, CD6-ALCAM binding promotes T cell activation, proliferation, maturation. We showed that CD6 T cells reconstituted early after transplant with Treg expressing lower levels of CD6 compared to Tcon and CD8+ T cells. After onset of aGVHD, both CD6 and ALCAM expression was maintained. Itolizumab inhibited CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation in the setting of aGVHD in ex vivo experiments, without mediate direct cytolytic activity or antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Our results identify the CD6-ALCAM pathway as a potential target for aGVHD control. A phase I/II study using itolizumab as first line treatment in combination with steroids for patients with aGVHD is currently ongoing. In conclusion, these results highlight the need of balancing the effector and tolerogenic properties of the immune system reconstituting after HCT and suggest different strategies to enhance or moderate the T and NK cells functions.
GUIDA, ANNALISA. "Decifrare la risposta immunitaria ai checkpoint inibitori e ricerca di nuovi biomarcatori nel carcinoma renale metastatico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1201007.
Full textNivolumab represents the new second-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). This drug is a fully human IgG4 against PD-1 and his role is to inhibits programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint. In the majority of patients, this drug is able to restore the patient’s tumour-specific T-cell-mediated response thus improving both overall survival and objective response rate. However, a lack of clinical response occurs in a number of patients, raising questions about how to predict and increase the number of patients who receive long-term clinical benefit from immune checkpoint therapy. The requirement for the immune system as a mediator of the drug's activity suggests that the balance of positive and negative regulators of the immune response at the time of therapy may be critical for therapy efficacy. Of particular interest are soluble factors involved in the recruitment and regulation of effector T cells, the frequency of different subsets of regulatory T cells and the ratio between effector T cells and regulatory T cells. The main aim of this project is to identify immune and serum biomarkers that are modulated in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma during and treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and that can discriminate patients who most likely benefit from such therapy. This is a prospective, longitudinal, study on patients with mRCC who will receive Nivolumab in standard clinical practice. The project investigates changes in main immune parameters in patients with mRCC treated with nivolumab by analysing blood samples at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 6 and eventually 12 months. Thirty mL of blood were collected and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated according to standard procedures. PBMC were stored in liquid nitrogen. Then, PBMC were thawed according to standard procedures and stained with a viability probe and the following antibodies recognizing: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD127, FoxP3, ICOS, CXCXR6, CXCR3, CD95, CD45RA, CCR7, CD95, HLA-DR, CD38, CD28, CD27, CD71, CD87, CD39, TIM3, TIGIT, CCR4, Glycoforin, PD-1/IgG4, CD57, KI-67. This 28-color multicolour flow cytometry panel was set up in collaboration with Dr. Lugli (Humanitas, Milan). Samples were acquired by using a BD Symphony flow cytometer. Compensation was set using single stained controls and gating strategy was checked by using FMO. Data analysis was performed using FlowJo 9.6 under Mac OSX. From January 2016 until October 2018 we enrolled 21 patients. The median age was 60 years (33-79). The majority of patients had clear cell histology (90%). Nivolumab was given as second-line therapy in 57% of patients, as third line therapy in 29% of cases. According with International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium Score (IMDC score) 72% of patients were in the intermediate prognostic risk group and 14% in poor risk. With a median follow-up of 14 months (min: 2 max: 31), 6-months and 12-months survival rate were 74% (95%CI 48-88) and 47% (95%CI 22-68), respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.2 months (95% 3-10). Disease control was achieved in 8 patients (40%), defined responder (R). At time of analysis treatment was ongoing in 4 patients. Preliminary data on PBMC show that Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation, is increased after 15 days of therapy in some patients. Accordingly, the expression of HLA-DR and CD38 are increased. Reactivation of the immune system is one of the main goals of nivolumab. We expect to identify easily measurable immune biomarkers that predict the responsiveness to nivolumab. Finding novel biomarkers that predict the response to therapy with nivolumab and monitor its efficacy can be of great benefit for the success of treatment. Longer follow up is required to assess preliminary immunological data.
LO, TARTARO DOMENICO. "Melanoma metastatico e carcinoma renale: focus sul ruolo delle cellule T CD8+ nelle risposte agli inibitori dei checkpoint immunitari." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278345.
Full textCD8 T lymphocytes play a central role in immunity to cancer through their capacity to kill malignant cells. However, prolonged exposure to cognate antigens in tumor microenvironment contribute to induce severe CD8 T cell exhaustion (Tex). During the last decade cancer treatment has been revolutionized by immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) that block the activity of inhibitor receptors, such as PD-1 present on the surface of Tex cells, reinvigorating them. Despite observations of durable responses to ICI therapy, not all patients respond to the treatment. Therefore, we focused our attention on identifying alterations that occur in circulating CD8 T lymphocytes of metastatic melanoma (mM) and metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients during treatment with anti-PD1, in order to understand how and why some patients respond or not to ICI therapy. The first cohort comprised 28 patients with mM, 17 of whom were defined responders (R) whereas 11 non-responders (NR). Cryopreserved PBMC, obtained prior to initiating therapy (T0) after the first (T1) and second therapy cycles (T2), was studied by 30 parameter high-dimensional flow cytometry in combination with single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAsq). The second cohort comprised 19 patients with mRCC, 5 of which were defined responders (R) whereas 14 non-responders (NR). Cryopreserved PBMC, obtained prior to initiating therapy (T0) after the first (T1), second (T2) and third therapy cycle (T3), was studied by 28 flow cytometry and analyzed using FAUST, a novel non-parametric method for unsupervised discovery of cell population. In R patients we found an increase of proliferating effector memory (EM) cells expressing high level of Ki67, ICOS, CD95, HLA-DR, CD71, CD98, CXCR6, granulysin and CD38, both before and after first and second cycle of ICI therapy. scRNA-seq revealed the presence of activated mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells expressing CD69 and CXCR4, and their increase in R compared to NR, before and after ICI therapy. Along with increased percentage of peripheral MAIT cells we also observed greater ability to produce IFN-g and GRZM-B in R patients, before starting therapy but not after. In silico analysis of public datasets revealed the presence of MAIT cells within primary and metastatic lesions and their increased level within lesions regressing after ICI. Finally, to associate our finding with clinical outcomes, we correlated the median level (1.7% of CD8 T cells) of circulating MAIT cells with the response to therapy. Using this value as a threshold, patients who exhibited MAIT frequency above the threshold showed a better response to therapy. Flow cytometry reveals that CD8 T cells from mRCC patients could be classified in 61 cell clusters. Due to the relatively low number of patients responding to therapy, we found similar percentages of clusters in R and NR at all timepoints. However, considering all patients treated with anti-PD1 (n=19), therapy induced a redistribution of different subpopulations of CD8 T cells. In particular, T stem cell memory (TSCM) decreased after the third cycle of therapy. On the contrary, the EM compartments increased after therapy. In terms of functionality, we observed that, if compared with EM, after therapy TSCM lost proliferative potential but retained more polyfunctionality, producing simultaneously TNF and IFN-g. In conclusion, we provide evidence that mM and mRCC patients differently respond to anti-PD1 therapy, the formers are characterized by more activated MAIT in R patients, while the latter are characterized by a pool of circulating likely-exhausted TSCM.
CORTELLINI, ALESSIO. "Studio sul ruolo della storia familiare di neoplasie come fattore predittivo surrogato per l'immunoterapia con inibitori dei checkpoint immunitari PD-1/PD-L1." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11697/191960.
Full textSPAGNOLO, FRANCESCO. "Analisi fenotipica e funzionale dell’infiltrato linfocitario in biopsie di metastasi di melanoma, in pazienti in terapia con farmaci a bersaglio molecolare e/o inibitori dei checkpoint immunologici." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1009806.
Full textTargeted therapies (TT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy (ICB) has dramatically changed the treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM). Although targeted therapy achieved a response rate as high as 70%, most patients ultimately develop resistance and progressive disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, achieve durable responses, but in less than 40% of patients. The majority of patients receiving these treatments ultimately face progressive disease due to the development of primary of secondary resistance. Since only a fraction of patients achieve a durable benefit, the identification of predictive biomarkers is an unmet need. The objectives of our present study are: i) Identification of new molecular targets through the extensive in vitro and in vivo characterization of tumor biopsies; ii) Investigation of associations between PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2/CTLA-4 variants and tumor microenvironment immunoscore with overall survival of patients receiving TT and ICB; iii) Analysis of the immune effects of TT and ICB on NK cells and their interaction with melanoma cells. Forty-eight patients with advanced melanoma were enrolled and 33 tumor biopsies from 29 patients were analyzed. Patients received TT and/or anti-PD-1 drugs. We observed that TIM3 expression is associated with PD-1 expression, as it is exclusively expressed in CD8+/PD-1 high T cells, while both GmzB and Eomes are also expressed by CD8+/PD-1 low cells. Moreover, CD8+/PD-1 high T cells show a higher Ki67 expression, suggesting that these cells may proliferate within the tumor. CD8+/PD-1 neg/low T cells are able to produce both IFN and TNF after polyclonal stimulation, while CD8+/PD-1 high cells produce low levels of TNF, maintaining the ability to release IFN. The association between PD-1/PD-L1 variants with immune infiltrate highlighted the role of PD1.5C>T and PD-L1C>T rs2297136 SNV in CD8+ cells recruiting. In particular, genotypes harboring the allelic variant T+ modify both the rate of CD8+ PD-1 high cells and the intensity of PD-1 high expression, compared with wild type genotypes.