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1
Herzfeld, Zachary Andrew. "Effects of Spatially Distributed Stream Power on Check Dam Function in Small Upland Watersheds: a Case Study of the Upper Laja Watershed, Guanajuato, Mexico." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3375.
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Watershed restoration comes in a variety of forms depending on which set of problems are sought to be remedied. Severe soil erosion, in the form of gullying and/or headcutting, can be mitigated through constructing check dams in well-selected locations. This practice has been used throughout the upland subwatersheds within the Upper Laja River watershed in Guanajuato, México. The present study employed Wolman pebble counts to systematically assess the effectiveness of 21 check dams located near the city of San Miguel de Allende. Particle size distributions taken directly downstream and upstream of each check dam were differentiated, aggregated and compared--with the difference between median particle size of downstream and upstream distributions defined as DsD50-UsD50. Several subwatershed attributes were calculated in a GIS for comparison to DsD50-UsD50 values. Results indicate that, on aggregate, the check dams studied were moderately successful at retaining sediment that becomes entrained in concentrated flow (DsD50-UsD50 = 15.4 mm; p < 0.001). Individually, 18 of the 21 check dams surveyed had statistically significant differences between DsD50 and UsD50 (p < 0.05). The subwatershed variables of local channel slope (r = 0.55), mean subwatershed slope (r = 0.46), subwatershed area (r = 0.59), distance from channel head (r = 0.54), percent canopy cover (r = 0.46), Qmed (r = 0.46), total stream power (r = 0.58), and change in total stream power (r = -0.45) were found to be statistically significant when correlated with DsD50-UsD50 values (p < 0.05). Change in total stream power was used to classify stream reaches as either erosion or deposition-dominated. When compared, the DsD50-UsD50 values from check dams located in erosion and deposition-dominated reaches are statistically different (p < 0.05); higher performing check dams were predominantly found in deposition-dominated reaches. The results of this study suggest that spatially distributed stream power can be used as a variable for making decisions about future check dam locations. In particular, check dams are more likely to be effective if they are located within deposition-dominated areas (negative change in total stream power) and in areas of decreasing change in total stream power. In general, this study's findings also support locating check dams in second order streams.
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Hala, Mario. "Posouzení přehrad za povodní." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227757.
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The Diploma thesis deals with the safety assesment of the small water reservoir Bartošovice III during the floods, according to requirments of TNV 75 2935 (technical standard). First two chapters are devoted to the description of the dam purpose. Following chapter deals with the summary of basic information and documentation, including hydraulic analysis. In the following section maximum permissible safe water level is determined together with the maximum check flood water level in reservoir which reflects the flood wave transformation. In the final evaluation the comparison of the maximum permissible safe water level with maximum check flood level is carried out. At the end of the thesis recommendations leading to ensuring of reliability and safety of water reservoir are listed.
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Piton, Guillaume. "Sediment transport control by check dams and open check dams in Alpine torrents." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU041/document.
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Barrages de corrections torrentielles et plages de dépôts jouent un rôle clés dans la protection contre les crues des torrents. Leurs gestionnaires ont pour mission de réduire les risques d'inondations, mais doivent désormais aussi minimiser les impacts environnementaux liés aux ouvrages de protection. Ceci nécessite une meilleure compréhension des effets des barrages de corrections torrentielles et des plages de dépôts sur le transport sédimentaire des torrents. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans cet objectif et se décompose en deux parties. Sa section sur l'état de l'art présente: i) les différents effets des barrages de correction torrentielle sur la production et le transfert sédimentaire; ii) des descriptions des processus hydrauliques et de sédimentation ayant lieu dans les plages de dépôts; et iii) les processus liés à la production et au transfert de bois d'embâcle. Une nouvelle méthode de quantification de la production sédimentaire des torrents complète cet état de l’art.La seconde partie de cette thèse présente le travail réalisé en banc d’essai expérimental. Une première série d’expérience a permis de mettre en évidence un transport par charriage plus régulier lorsque des barrages de correction torrentielle sont ajoutés à un bief alluvial. Une seconde série d’essais a été réalisée sur un modèle générique de plage de dépôt dans l’objectif d’en caractériser les écoulements. Pour cela, une nouvelle procédure de mesure et de reconstruction par approche inverse a été développée. Il en résulte une description des caractéristiques d’un écoulement proche du régime critique, ainsi que des mécanismes de rétrocontrôle entre morphologie et hydraulique pendant la phase de dépôtCheck dams and open check dams are key structures in torrent hazard protection. Their managers must mitigate flood hazards, but now must also minimize the environmental impacts of these protection structures. This requires to improve the knowledge on the effects of check dams and open check dams on the sediment transport, and this thesis forms a contribution towards this end.The section on the current state of research reviews i) the diverse effects of check dams on sediment production and transfer; ii) descriptions of the hydraulics and sedimentation processes occurring in open check dams; and iii) woody debris production and trapping processes. This state of the art is completed with proposition of new bedload transport estimation methods, specifically developed for paved streams experiencing external supply or armour breaking.Experimental results are then provided. Firstly, flume experiments highlight the emergence of a more regular bedload transport when check dams are built in alluvial reaches. In a second stage, experiments were performed on a generic Froude scale model of an open check dam basin in order to capture the features of laterally-unconstrained, highly mobile flows. A new flow measurement and inverse-reconstruction procedure has been developed. A preliminary analysis of the results describes flows that tend toward a critical regime and the occurrence of feedback mechanisms between geomorphology and hydraulics during massive bedload deposition
4
Clarke, Christopher. "Cross check survey : World Commission on Dams." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4835.
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Bibliography: pages 71-72.The World Commission on Dams (WCD) has completed a global survey of the performance, impacts and decision-making aspects of 125 large dam projects - th Cross-Check Survey. The primary aim of the Survey was to determine broad patterns and trends indicative of past performance, impacts and decision-making aspects of a selection of large dams that reflect the global population. Consequently, the findings of the Survey provided a link between the broad patterns and trends emerging at a global and regional level and the more in-depth findings provided by the other components of the WCD knowledge base. Thus, the Survey provided an entry point to "cross-check" the collective evidence to the WCD knowledge base - comprised of over 900 topic-related written submission, four regional consultations and workshops, 17 thematic reviews, 11 case studies and three country studies. The Cross-Check Survey sought to inform the WCD knowledge base on large dams in a responsible and consequential way but without any claims for being necessarily complete.
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Luís, Maria Fátima Jorge dos Reis. "Estudo descritivo das principais doenças dos cães seniores da Animalcare." Bachelor's thesis, Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas - Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/39911.
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O presente relatório é referente ao estágio realizado no âmbito da licenciatura em
Enfermagem Veterinária da Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas e descreve as atividades realizadas
na clínica veterinária Animalcare durante as 12 semanas previstas para a concretização do
mesmo. No decorrer do estágio a aluna teve a oportunidade de, por um lado, consolidar os
conhecimentos adquiridos no referido curso e, por outro, aplicá-los à prática clínica de animais
de companhia. Nas suas funções como enfermeira estagiária teve a oportunidade de executar
diferentes tarefas, nomeadamente, nas áreas de cirurgia e laboratório, internamento, consulta
e receção. Paralelamente, a estagiária realizou um estudo descritivo de cães seniores (maiores
de 6 anos de idade) assistidos pela clínica mencionada, entre março de 2020 e março de 2021,
complementado com um questionário direcionado aos tutores destes animais. Estes estudos
tiveram como objetivos verificar a prevalência de animais que realizam check-up, identificar as
patologias mais frequentes dos animais presentes às consultas na clínica Animalcare; analisar os
dados obtidos em comparação com as referências teóricas consultadas; analisar as
considerações que os tutores têm em relação aos seus animais, para, finalmente, criar um
plano de saúde para animais seniores adequado às necessidades destes animais. Das patologias
analisadas as mais frequentes foram a músculo-esquelética e a cardiovascular, o que está
relacionado com as respostas do questionário, no qual os tutores referem como alterações
comportamentais as interligadas com o sistema locomotor. Para a elaboração da proposta do
plano de saúde, a estagiária foi aprofundar os conhecimentos relativamente à importância do
check-up sénior, as principais patologias, as raças mais predisponentes e a sua prevenção.The present report refers to the internship carried out under the degree in Veterinary Nursing at the Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas and describes the activities carried out at the Animalcare veterinary clinic during the 12 weeks foreseen for its completion. During the internship, the student had the opportunity, on the one hand, to consolidate the knowledge acquired during that course and, on the other, to apply it to the clinical practice of companion animals. In her duties as a trainee nurse, she can perform different tasks, namely, in the areas of surgery and laboratory, hospitalization, consultation, and reception. At the same time, the intern conducted a retrospective study of senior and geriatric dogs that attended the aforementioned clinic, between March 2020 and March 2021, complemented with a questionnaire addressed to the guardians of these animals, older than the age of 6. These studies aimed to understand the need for check-ups and the most prevalent pathologies in senior and geriatric animals, check the most prevalent pathologies at the Animalcare clinic, compare theoretical references with the results obtained, and analyze the considerations that the guardians have about their pets (senior and geriatric dogs) to, finally, create a health plan for senior animals, adequate to the needs of the sample. From the analyzed pathologies, the ones that stood out the most were the musculoskeletal and the cardiovascular, which are related to the answers of the form, which the guardians refer to as behavior changes related to the locomotive system. To this end, the intern went to deepen her knowledge regarding the importance of senior check-up, the main pathologies, the most predisposing breeds, and their prevention.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Santos, Flávia Alexandra da Silva. "Avaliação das práticas de segurança alimentar em estabelecimentos da zona oeste." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17827.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaAtualmente a população frequenta com regularidade estabelecimentos de restauração, tais como “Cafés”, “Padarias/Pastelarias” e “Restaurantes”, encontrando-se estes muito próximos do consumidor final, que confia nas suas práticas relativamente à manipulação e confeção dos alimentos. Estes estabelecimentos devem garantir a higiene e a segurança dos produtos alimentares aos seus clientes, respondendo a obrigações legais e cumprindo com os requisitos do sistema HACCP. Nem sempre os responsáveis dos estabelecimentos têm os conhecimentos necessários para a execução dos requisitos anteriormente referidos, surgindo as auditorias internas de primeira parte, realizadas por uma empresa externa, como uma solução. Apoiando as empresas e formando os manipuladores em todos os requisitos necessários para uma eficaz implementação e manutenção do Sistema HACCP. A realização deste trabalho teve como principal objetivo avaliar as condições de higiene e Segurança Alimentar de 151 estabelecimentos de restauração pública da zona Oeste, com o auxílio de uma Check-List, aplicada in loco durante as auditorias. Os resultados obtidos da Check-List foram discutidos de acordo com o Regulamento (CE) nº 852 de 29 de Abril de 2004, e demonstraram um valor global de cumprimento entre os 54% a 63%. Verificando-se que as Não Conformidades encontravam-se maioritariamente relacionadas com os tópicos onde foram avaliados os “Funcionários” e o “Controlo Laboratorial”. No último caso observou-se um incumprimento por parte de 73% dos estabelecimentos. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para a perceção das não conformidades mais frequentes nos estabelecimentos “Cafés”, “Padarias/Pastelarias” e “Restaurantes”, permitindo uma atuação mais eficaz e focada nos parâmetros mais críticos, contribuindo desta forma para uma maior segurança do produto final servido ao consumidor
N/A
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Gonçalves, Juliana Macedo. "Avaliação das boas práticas adotadas nas cozinhas hospitalares da cidade de Pelotas/RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2212.
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Previous issue date: 2012-04-11Em unidades hospitalares, vários critérios são estabelecidos com a finalidade de recuperar a saúde do paciente, entre elas o consumo da alimentação hospitalar, que deve estar adequada do ponto de vista higiênico e sanitário. A legislação sanitária brasileira exige dos estabelecimentos produtores e/ou manipuladores de alimentos a implantação das Boas Práticas, que são procedimentos padronizados que visam prevenir o surgimento de toxinfecções alimentares. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação diagnóstica das condições de aplicação das Boas Práticas em cozinhas hospitalares da cidade de Pelotas-RS. Foram estudados quatro hospitais dentre os cinco que atendem a população da cidade e região. No primeiro artigo foram avaliadas as condições de Boas Práticas nas cozinhas hospitalares por meio da aplicação de um check list e interpretação dos dados comparando com as normas da Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada nº. 216 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Refeições Coletivas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a maioria dos itens avaliados em ambas as classificações, apresentou percentuais de adequação satisfatórios, em todos os hospitais, exceto para os itens armazenamento e transporte nos hospitais A e B e manejo de resíduos no hospital A. No segundo artigo, foram realizadas análises microbiológicas, a fim de avaliar as condições higiênicas e sanitárias e comparar os resultados com os dados obtidos no check list. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas mostraram riscos em relação à qualidade da água, do ar e de mãos de manipuladores de alimentos. Por outro lado, os dados colhidos na aplicação do check list não apontaram os mesmos riscos encontrados nas análises microbiológicas.
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Jamil, Nor Eliea Eluziea. "Field evaluation of hydrologic and water quality benefits of grass swales with check dams for managing highway runoff." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9237.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Bussi, Gianbattista. "Implementation of a distributed sediment model in different data availability scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/36534.
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Soil erosion by water can cause agricultural soil losses, desertification, water pollution, reservoir
sedimentation, local excess of erosion (such as bridge scour) or deposition, etc. For this reason, the
assessment of soil erosion and sediment transport is a key component of integrated catchment
management. One of the most useful and up-to-date tools available to catchment managers for soil
erosion and sediment transport assessment is distributed modelling. During the last few decades, many
sedimentological distributed models were developed and applied for a wide range of climates and
basins. Their main advantage is that they allow spatial interpolation or extrapolation of their results.
Nevertheless, their use is still limited by some constraints. One of the most relevant limitations to the
use of such models is the lack of recorded sediment transport data to be used for model calibration and
validation. It is widely recognised that both sediment discharge series and soil erosion measurements
are only available in a few and small- to medium-size experimental catchments. The aim of this
dissertation is to investigate the possibility of using reservoir sedimentation data as a source of proxy
information for sedimentological model calibration and validation. In order to carry out this task, a
distributed sedimentological model called TETIS was tested in set of catchments with different sediment
data availability. First of all, the TETIS model, developed over the last years by the research group of
hydrological and environmental modelling of the Technical University of Valencia, is described,
especially focusing on the new features developed within this dissertation (sedimentological sub-model
automatic calibration algorithm, small pond sediment retention module, etc.). Then, the model is
applied to three catchments with different sediment data availability. The first case-study is the
Goodwin Creek catchment (Mississippi, US), an experimental catchment with high sediment transport
data availability. The model performance is evaluated, and some considerations are made on the
estimation of the sediment volume deposited into the drainage network at the beginning of a rainstorm.
The second case-study is the Rambla del Poyo catchment (Valencia, Spain), a medium size semi-arid
catchment draining to a coastal lagoon with severe sedimentation problems. The TETIS sedimentological
sub-model is calibrated and validated using check-dam sedimentation volumes as an estimator of the
total sediment transport. A detailed description of the alluvial stratigraphy infilling a check dam that
drains a 12.9 km2
sub-catchment was used as indirect information of sediment yield data. A further
application was also developed in this catchment in order to investigate the possibility of calibrating and
validating both the hydrological and the sediment sub-models by using reservoir sedimentation volumes
and employing neither water nor sediment discharge direct records. The third case-study is the Ésera
River catchment (Huesca, Spain), a 1,500 km2 Pyrenean catchment drained by a large reservoir. The
depositional history of the reservoir was reconstructed and used for sediment sub-model
implementation. The model results were compared with gauged suspended sediment data in order to
verify model robustness. The results of this dissertation indicate that TETIS model is a robust tool which
provides a reliable reconstruction of the catchment sediment cycle. Its implementation is subject to data
availability, both for parameter estimation and for model calibration and validation. Nevertheless, this
dissertation proved that sediment records can be replaced by reservoir sedimentation volumes with
satisfactory results, taking into account reservoir trap efficiency and sediment dry bulk density. Two
modelling approaches were proposed for sediment model implementation, depending on the data
availability. These methodologies proved to be consistent and provided a correct estimation of the
sediment transport. Nevertheless, further research is needed to address model limitations and to
reduce model results uncertaintyBussi, G. (2014). Implementation of a distributed sediment model in different data availability scenarios [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36534
Alfresco
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SHRESTHA, Badri Bhakta. "Study on Mitigation Measures against Debris Flow Disasters with Driftwood." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/85379.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14913号
工博第3140号
新制||工||1471(附属図書館)
27351
UT51-2009-M827
京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻
(主査)教授 中川 一, 教授 関口 秀雄, 教授 藤田 正治
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Dang, Sarah-Mai [Verfasser]. "Film, Feminismus und Erfahrung : Chick Flicks oder das Genre des gegenwärtigen Woman's Film / Sarah-Mai Dang." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1090877846/34.
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Wiedmaier, Stacy M. "BACKPEDALING NUGGET SMUGGLERS: A FACEBOOK AND NEWS ARTICLE THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CHICK-FIL-A VS. GAY MARRIAGE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/487.
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This study utilizes William Benoit’s Image Repair Theory to frame the dominant crisis communication strategies that fast food chain Chick-fil-A (CFA) employed before, during and after their CEO mixed his personal opinion on social issues with corporate policy in June 2012. The thematic analysis draws from three distinct data sets that include 3,900 Facebook comments posted by the general public on CFA’s social media page, 32 individual Atlanta Journal-Constitution news articles that address the debate and CFA’s public response to the crisis titled “Who We Are.” This thesis aims to identify both the dominant themes in Facebook posts and the news articles, as well as how these themes are situated within Benoit’s Image Repair Theory.
Research shows that CFA representatives utilized eight of Benoit’s 14 strategies to address their CEO’s comments on gay marriage in an attempt to salvage their reputation. The transcendence strategy was used more than any other throughout the crisis. The thematic analysis of Facebook comments showed that religion and loyalty were the most addressed theme within social media users’ posts on the company’s page. Research also shows that a national boycott initiated against CFA by the LGBTQ community did not hurt the company, but may have helped to spur brand recognition and overall sales.
Another pertinent question arose during this research; did company representatives purposely forgo sharing their 2011 and 2012 tax documents that prove they had already stopped contributing to supposed anti-gay organizations more than a year before the controversy arose? Was CFA benefiting from the crisis to such an extent that they strategically remained silent and allowed the misconception to take place when they could have ended the crisis and shown proof?
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Santos, Vidiany Aparecida Queiroz [UNESP]. "Perfil microbiano, físico-químico e análise das boas práticas de fabricação (BPF) de queijos minas frescal e ricota." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88372.
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Alguns queijos frescos como o Minas frescal e a ricota, apresentam elevada atividade de água e diversidade nutricional, fatores que propiciam a proliferação e o desenvolvimento de microbiota oportunista, prejudicando a qualidade e a integridade destes produtos. Diversos microrganismos são propostos como bioindicadores de contaminação da matéria-prima e/ou do produto pronto para o consumo. Para evitar quaisquer fontes de contaminação é imprescindível a adoção de Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF), as quais podem ser avaliadas por meio da aplicação do formulário check-list. Nesse contexto, este estudo objetivou avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias e adequações quanto às BPF, em uma indústria de laticínios de pequeno porte, produtora de queijos Minas frescal e ricota, localizada em São José do Rio Preto – SP, por meio do monitoramento microbiológico, físico-químico, e aplicação de check-list. Foram realizadas análises, conforme o fluxograma de fabricação, nas seguintes etapas: água, leite pasteurizado, coalho, massa, soro, superfície palmar dos manipuladores e tanque de coagulação, e queijos Minas frescal e ricota logo após o processamento (t0) e com cinco dias de vida de prateleira (t5). Tais etapas foram monitoradas quanto à qualidade microbiológica, por meio da determinação do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes; contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e bactérias aeróbias mesófilas; pesquisa de Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. A contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas foi efetuada apenas nas amostras de água. As análises de determinação do NMP de coliformes totais, termotolerantes foram realizadas para todas as amostras. A contagem de Staphylococcus aureus, pesquisa de Escherichia coli e de Salmonella spp., foram efetuadas para todas as amostras citadas...
Some fresh cheeses as Minas frescal and ricota present high water activity and nutritional diversity, factors that permit the proliferation and the development of opportunist microrganisms, damaging the quality and integrity of these products. Several microrganisms are proposed as bioindicators of raw material and/or product ready for consumption contamination. To avoid any contamination source it`s indispensable to adopt Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), which may be evaluated by application of checklist form. According to the presented, this study had the objective of evaluate the hygienic sanitary conditions and adequacies, in relation to the GMP, at a small dairy industry; which produces ricota and Minas frescal cheeses, located in São José do Rio Preto - SP by the physical-chemical and microbiological monitoring and check-list application. The analyses were done according to the following production stages: water, pasteurized milk, curd, mass, sour, manipulator hands, coagulation tank, ricota and Minas frescal cheese right after the processing (t0) and with five days of shelf-life (t5). Such stages were monitored in relation to the microbiological quality by the determination of the Most Probable Number (MPN) of total and thermotolerant coliforms; mesophilic aerobic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus counting; research of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The counting of mesophilic aerobic bacteria was done only in the water samples. The analyses of the determination of the MPN of total and thermotolerant coliforms were done for all samples. The counting of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. research were done for all samples except water. The analysis of Listeria monocytogenes was done only for Minas frescal and ricotta cheeses. For the water analysis it was verified that 3 samples (25%) presented... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Bastos, Rodrigo Reis Ribeiro. "A justificação das decisões judiciais e o estado de direito." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5886.
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Rodrigo Reis Ribeiro Bastos.pdf: 1347780 bytes, checksum: 11f0b6a765aa7c568f8cb75f1cf86311 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-06-01The primary objective of this work is to understand how they can give concreteness and effectiveness of Article 93 of the Federal Constitution which IX compliance is necessary to guarantee the democratic rule of law. For this to be done there is to discover what are the criteria to be used to identify an adequate justification for decisions. In the first chapter sought to establish the concept of knowledge and the boundary between knowledge and nonsense. At this point it was determined that the root note of knowledge is the rational justification of a statement and that rationality is defined as the construction of a logical proof in the form of inferences. This logical proof must meet three requirements: A) the axiomatic foundations must be explicit; B) the inference rules used must be clearly defined in advance; C) the semantic content (meaning) of the terms used in the premises of proof should be fixed , clarified and explained. Having established that as much knowledge as court decisions have an equal need for justification is concluded that the standards of rational justification used to distinguish the knowledge of the foolish ones are also needed to give concreteness to the constitutional imperative that determines the need to give reasons for decisions . The next step was, in chapter two, establish what the rules of inference commonly used in legal reasoning. Once established the rules of inference has passed the exposure of many reasons most commonly used in decisions. Then, in chapter four, we tried to establish a model where they explained the criteria imposed by law for fixing the best explanation contained in the minor premise and deductions contained in the major premise. Also, if you attempted to make explicit the semantic content (meaning) of the terms that are used on these premises during the construction of algorithms that operate the system. The next step will be, with the use of what has been researched and above, the formulation of "drawing" of the auxiliary system and the creation of a working prototype that can be taken to test
O objetivo primordial desse trabalho é compreender como se pode dar efetividade e concreção ao artigo 93 IX da Constituição Federal cuja observância é necessária para a garantia do Estado Democrático do Direito. Para que isso possa ser feito há que se descobrir quais são os critérios a serem usados para identificar uma adequada fundamentação das decisões. No primeiro capítulo se procurou estabelecer o conceito de conhecimento e a fronteira entre o conhecimento e a tolice. Nesse ponto se estabeleceu que a nota principal do conhecimento é a justificação racional de uma afirmação e que a racionalidade se define como a construção de uma prova lógica na forma de inferências. Essa prova lógica deve atender a três exigências: A) os fundamentos axiomáticos devem estar explícitos; B) as regras de inferência utilizadas devem ser clara e previamente definidas; C) o conteúdo semântico (significado) dos termos usados nas premissas da prova devem ser fixados, esclarecidos e explicitados. Uma vez estabelecido que tanto conhecimento quanto as decisões judiciais possuem uma igual necessidade de justificação se concluiu que os padrões de justificação racional utilizados para diferenciar o conhecimento da tolice também são aqueles necessários para se dar concreção ao imperativo constitucional que determina a necessidade de fundamentação das decisões. O passo seguinte, foi, no capítulo dois, estabelecer quais são as regras de inferência comumente usadas nos raciocínios jurídicos. Uma vez estabelecidas às regras de inferência se passou a exposição dos diversos fundamentos mais comumente usados nas decisões. Em seguida, no capítulo quatro, se tentou estabelecer um modelo onde são explicitados os critérios impostos pelo direito para a fixação da melhor explicação contida na premissa menor e para as deduções contidas na premissa maior. Além disso, se buscou explicitar o conteúdo semântico (significado) dos termos que serão usados nessas premissas quando da construção dos algoritmos que operarão o sistema. O passo seguinte será, com a utilização do que aqui foi pesquisado e exposto, a formulação do desenho do sistema auxiliar e a criação de um protótipo funcional que poderá ser levado a teste
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Santos, Vidiany Aparecida Queiroz. "Perfil microbiano, físico-químico e análise das boas práticas de fabricação (BPF) de queijos minas frescal e ricota /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88372.
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Orientador: Fernando Leite HoffmannBanca: Crispin Humberto Garcia Cruz
Banca: Walkíria Hanada Viotto
Banca: Roberto da Silva
Resumo: Alguns queijos frescos como o Minas frescal e a ricota, apresentam elevada atividade de água e diversidade nutricional, fatores que propiciam a proliferação e o desenvolvimento de microbiota oportunista, prejudicando a qualidade e a integridade destes produtos. Diversos microrganismos são propostos como bioindicadores de contaminação da matéria-prima e/ou do produto pronto para o consumo. Para evitar quaisquer fontes de contaminação é imprescindível a adoção de Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF), as quais podem ser avaliadas por meio da aplicação do formulário check-list. Nesse contexto, este estudo objetivou avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias e adequações quanto às BPF, em uma indústria de laticínios de pequeno porte, produtora de queijos Minas frescal e ricota, localizada em São José do Rio Preto - SP, por meio do monitoramento microbiológico, físico-químico, e aplicação de check-list. Foram realizadas análises, conforme o fluxograma de fabricação, nas seguintes etapas: água, leite pasteurizado, coalho, massa, soro, superfície palmar dos manipuladores e tanque de coagulação, e queijos Minas frescal e ricota logo após o processamento (t0) e com cinco dias de vida de prateleira (t5). Tais etapas foram monitoradas quanto à qualidade microbiológica, por meio da determinação do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes; contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e bactérias aeróbias mesófilas; pesquisa de Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. A contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas foi efetuada apenas nas amostras de água. As análises de determinação do NMP de coliformes totais, termotolerantes foram realizadas para todas as amostras. A contagem de Staphylococcus aureus, pesquisa de Escherichia coli e de Salmonella spp., foram efetuadas para todas as amostras citadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Some fresh cheeses as Minas frescal and ricota present high water activity and nutritional diversity, factors that permit the proliferation and the development of opportunist microrganisms, damaging the quality and integrity of these products. Several microrganisms are proposed as bioindicators of raw material and/or product ready for consumption contamination. To avoid any contamination source it's indispensable to adopt Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), which may be evaluated by application of checklist form. According to the presented, this study had the objective of evaluate the hygienic sanitary conditions and adequacies, in relation to the GMP, at a small dairy industry; which produces ricota and Minas frescal cheeses, located in São José do Rio Preto - SP by the physical-chemical and microbiological monitoring and check-list application. The analyses were done according to the following production stages: water, pasteurized milk, curd, mass, sour, manipulator hands, coagulation tank, ricota and Minas frescal cheese right after the processing (t0) and with five days of shelf-life (t5). Such stages were monitored in relation to the microbiological quality by the determination of the Most Probable Number (MPN) of total and thermotolerant coliforms; mesophilic aerobic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus counting; research of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The counting of mesophilic aerobic bacteria was done only in the water samples. The analyses of the determination of the MPN of total and thermotolerant coliforms were done for all samples. The counting of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. research were done for all samples except water. The analysis of Listeria monocytogenes was done only for Minas frescal and ricotta cheeses. For the water analysis it was verified that 3 samples (25%) presented... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Drugge, Gunnel. "Som en vit ros och så där... : 52 patienters upplevelser av sin cancersjukdom och vården omkring den." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67851.
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The study describes 52 patients' experiences and feelings towards theirillness and the care received in connection with it. The main purpose ofthe study is to gather knowledge on cancer patients' need of psychosocialcare and from this insight draw up a proposition for a clinically usefulmethod for psychosocial care. I have met and spoken with the patients,each suffering from a different form of cancer, on one occasion. They areall patients o'f the Department of General Surgery, Östersund Hospital.The taped conversations constitute the most important source for thisthesis, which has its crucial point in the empirical part. My theoreticalframe of reference has a psychodynamic and existential perspective.To distinguish and give as clear a picture as possible on "what it'slike to get a cancer and live with it", different phases have been drawnup showing the process of a cancer. Living with a cancer means adjustingto constant uncertainty and a fear of recurrence. That which is typicalfor the process of a cancer is that a crisis here is so different fromthe "classical" pattern of reaction and comes and goes in waves.The different phases show unsatisfactory psychosocial care and the mostobvious déficiences are to be found in connection with the first consultationwith a doctor, when receiving the diagnosis and also at the routinecheck-ups.That which, like the symbolic main thread, runs through the whole dissertationis the lack of dialogue and criticism of the inferior continuityamong the doctors.In the last chapter I have made a suggestion for the future psychosocialcare of cancer patients.digitalisering@umu
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Paiva, Nauana Hay. "O papel da bifurcação das projeções da mucosa durante a morfogênese das vilosidades intestinais em embriões de galinhas." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2017. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2437.
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Nauana Hay Paiva.pdf: 2299112 bytes, checksum: d9eac670828127f267396863b468ab2f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T13:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Nauana Hay Paiva.pdf: 2299112 bytes, checksum: d9eac670828127f267396863b468ab2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-07
As vilosidades intestinais são estruturas digitiformes da camada mucosa do intestino delgado que ampliam a superfície desse órgão, otimizando o processo de absorção dos nutrientes. A morfogênese das vilosidades intestinais ocorre de forma indireta em galinhas. Primeiramente, surgem projeções longitudinais da mucosa. Essas projeções sofrem dobramento e adquirem padrão zigue-zague, que é a base para a formação das vilosidades. Estudo anterior do nosso grupo relatou pela primeira vez que as projeções da mucosa de embriões de galinhas se bifurcavam. Entretanto, embora vários aspectos morfológicos da morfogênese das vilosidades intestinais de galinhas sejam conhecidos, não há na literatura dados a respeito da bifurcação das projeções da mucosa. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi compreender o papel da bifurcação na morfogênese das vilosidades intestinais no jejuno de embriões de galinhas. Análises histológicas, avaliação da proliferação celular pela incorporação de BrdU e reação de PAS foram realizadas durante o período de ocorrência da bifurcação. Para avaliar a proliferação celular, a injeção de BrdU in ovo foi padronizada. As análises histológicas permitiram estabelecer que a bifurcação ocorre entre o 13º e 15º dia e definir a sequência de mudanças morfológicas do processo. A avaliação da proliferação celular mostrou que as células do epitélio da mucosa e as envolvidas no processo de bifurcação estavam proliferando. A reação de PAS revelou a presença de membrana basal nas células envolvidas na bifurcação. Os dados permitem concluir que o processo de bifurcação envolve mudanças morfológicas correlacionadas à proliferação de células epiteliais que culminam com a formação das pré-vilosidades.
The intestinal villi are finger-like projections of the small intestinal mucosa that extend its surface, optimizing the process of nutrient absorption. The intestinal villi morphogenesis of the chick occurs indirectly. At first, longitudinal previllous ridges appear in the intestine. The previllous ridges fold into zigzag pattern, and finally individual villi are formed. Our previous study reported, for the first time, the bifurcation of the previllous ridges on chick embryos. Although morphological aspects of the intestinal villi morphogenesis of the chickens are known, there are no data from the previllous ridges bifurcation. The present work aimed to understand the role of bifurcation in the intestinal villi morphogenesis of the chick embryos. Histological analysis, evaluation of cell proliferation by incorporation of BrdU and PAS reaction were performed during the period of bifurcation. To evaluate cell proliferation, injection of BrdU in ovo was standardized. The histological analyses allowed to establish that the bifurcation occurs between the 13th and 15th day and to define the sequence of morphological events during the process. The evaluation of cell proliferation showed that cells of the mucosal epithelium and involved in the bifurcation were proliferating. The PAS reaction revealed the presence of basement membrane in the cells involved in the bifurcation process. The data allow us to conclude that the morphological changes of the bifurcation are correlated to the proliferation of epithelial cells and culminate to formation of previllous.
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Yerpes, Ron Marta. "Factores de riesgo asociados con la mortalidad de los pollos de engorde durante la primera semana de vida." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670986.
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La taxa de mortalitat durant la primera setmana de vida és un dels indicadors més utilitzats per avaluar el benestar de les aus de producció. L’objectiu general de la present tesi doctoral va ser estudiar els principals factors que contribueixen a augmentar la mortalitat dels pollets d’engreix durant la primera setmana de vida (MPSV). A la planta d’incubació la MPSV va estar relacionada amb la temperatura cloacal dels pollets (P = 0,0132), de manera que la MSPV pot augmentar fins a 3 vegades quan la temperatura cloacal està per sota del rang òptim (<39,7ºC). L’edat de les reproductores, el sexe dels pollets, el procés d’incubació, el temps d’espera a la planta d’incubació i el sistema de ventilació de la sala d’expedició van tenir un efecte significatiu sobre la temperatura cloacal (P < 0,05). Tanmateix, aquests factors no van tenir un efecte directe sobre la MSPV. Durant el transport es va trobar una correlació significativa entre la MSPV, per una banda, i el sexe dels pollets i la quantitat de pollets carregats per l’altre (P = 0,0082 i P = 0,0087; respectivament). Els pollets mascle van tenir una MSPV major que els pollets femella i com mes gran va ser la carrega de pollets per viatge major va ser la MSPV. La humitat relativa (HR) al vehicle de transport i la duració del viatge van tenir un efecte significatiu sobre la pèrdua de pes dels pollets (P = 0,0006 i P = 0,0188; respectivament). Finalment, els factors propis de la granja que van tenir un efecte significatiu sobre la MSPV van ser l’edat de les reproductores, el sexe i l’estirp dels pollets, el tipus de nau, la presencia o no de recuperador de l’abeurador, els dies d’emmagatzematge dels ous, l’any d’estudi i l’estació (P < 0,05). Es conclou que la MSPV té un marcat caràcter multifactorial. Per la qual cosa, cal identificar els factors que tenen un efecte sobre la MSPV per implementar mesures correctores i millorar el benestar dels pollets.La tasa de mortalidad durante la primera semana de vida es uno de los indicadores más utilizados para evaluar el bienestar de las aves de producción. El objetivo general de la presente tesis doctoral fue estudiar los principales factores que contribuyen a aumentar la mortalidad de los pollitos de engorde durante la primera semana de vida (MPSV). En la planta de incubación la MPSV estuvo relacionada con la temperatura cloacal de los pollitos (P = 0,0132), de modo que la MPSV puede aumentar hasta 3 veces cuando la temperatura cloacal está por debajo del rango óptimo (<39,7ºC). La edad de las reproductoras, el sexo de los pollitos, el proceso de incubación, el tiempo de espera en la planta de incubación y el sistema de ventilación de la sala de expedición tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre la temperatura cloacal (P < 0,05). Sin embargo, estos factores no tuvieron un efecto directo sobre la MPSV. Durante el transporte se encontró una correlación significativa entre la MSPV, por una parte, y el sexo de los pollitos y la cantidad de pollitos cargados por otra (P = 0,0082 y P = 0,0087; respectivamente). Los pollitos machos tuvieron una MPSV mayor que los pollitos hembra y cuanto mayor fue la carga de pollitos por viaje mayor fue la MSPV. La humedad relativa (HR) en el vehículo de transporte y la duración del viaje tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre la pérdida de peso de los pollitos (P = 0,0006 y P = 0,0188; respectivamente). Finalmente, los factores propios de la granja que tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre la MPSV fueron la edad de las reproductoras, el sexo y la estirpe de los pollitos, el tipo de nave, la presencia o no del recuperador del bebedero, los días de almacenamiento de los huevos, el año de estudio y la estación (P < 0,05). Se concluye que la MPSV tiene un marcado carácter multifactorial. Por lo que, es necesario identificar los factores que tienen un efecto sobre la MPSV para implementar medidas correctoras y mejorar el bienestar de los pollitos.
The mortality rate during the first week of life is one of the most widely used indicators to assess the welfare of poultry production. The general objective of this thesis was to study the main factors contributing to the increase of mortality in broilers during the first week of life (FWM). In the hatchery the FWM was related to the cloacal temperature of the chicks (P = 0.0132), so FWM can increase up to 3 times when the cloacal temperature is below the optimum range (<39.7°C). The age of the breeders, the sex of the chicks, the incubation process, the waiting time in the hatchery and the ventilation system in the expedition room all had a significant effect on the cloacal temperature (P < 0.05). However, these factors did not have a direct effect on FWM. During transport, a significant correlation was found between FWM on the one hand and the gender of the chicks and the number of chicks loaded on the other (P = 0.0082 and P = 0.0087; respectively). Male chicks had a higher FWM than female chicks and the greater the quantity of chicks loaded per journey the higher the FWM. The relative humidity (RH) in the transport vehicle and the duration of the journey had a significant effect on chick weight loss (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.0188; respectively). Finally, farm-specific factors that had a significant effect on FWM were breeder age, chick gender, breed, type of house, presence or absence of drinker drip cup, days of egg storage, year of study and season (P < 0.05). It is concluded that FWM has a strong multifactorial character. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors that have an effect on FWM in order to implement corrective measures and improve the welfare of the chickens.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Producció Animal
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Grade, Mafalda Francisca Rodrigues Cabrita. "A satisfação das grávidas e médicos dentista no âmbito do programa nacional de promoção de saúde oral." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4148.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaIntrodução: Em Portugal, as doenças orais constituem um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. Pois, infelizmente, uma grande parte da população, da nossa sociedade portuguesa, ainda carece de cuidados básicos de saúde oral, devido essencialmente a problemas socioeconómicos. Foi neste contexto que surgiu o Programa Nacional de Promoção de Saúde Oral (PNPSO) cujos seus principais objectivos passam pela redução da incidência e da prevalência das doenças orais, a melhoria dos conhecimentos e comportamentos sobre a alimentação e saúde oral e a promoção da equidade à saúde oral. Este PNPSO consiste na emissão de “cheques-dentista" atribuídos a determinados grupos populacionais, são eles, grávidas seguidas no Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS), crianças e jovens com idade inferior a 16 anos, beneficiários do complemento solidário para idosos utentes do SNS e portadores de Sida/VIH. Estes utentes beneficiários possuem a liberdade de escolha, do médico dentista/estomatologista, aderente ao programa, segundo uma lista nacional, disponível nas Unidades Funcionais dos Agrupamentos de Centros de Saúde (ACeS) ou na página electrónica do próprio programa (www.saudeoral.min-saude.pt). Participantes e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal em que se avaliou 27 profissionais, médicos dentistas, e 113 utentes, grávidas do SNS, através de um inquérito contendo questões referentes ao PNPSO. Este inquérito foi realizado aos profissionais de forma presencial e às grávidas via telefónica. Em ambas as situações esteve presente o consentimento informado e garantiu-se a total confidencialidade dos dados. A área geográfica da recolha da amostra foi obtida com colaboração da Directora Executiva e Presidente do Conselho Clinico, do Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde Dão-Lafões II. Este ACeS é constituído por 7 concelhos do distrito de Viseu e Guarda. Destes 7 concelhos seleccionou-se ao acaso os 3 concelhos da sub-região de Lafões, Oliveira de Frades, São Pedro de Sul e Vouzela. Os dados recolhidos deste estudo foram colectados e submetidos a uma análise estatística recorrendo ao software IBM SPSS Statistics v20. Resultados: Na avaliação dos profissionais, médicos dentistas, verificou-se que 54,50% dos inquiridos, do concelho de São Pedro de Sul referem que o PNPSO não corresponde às suas expectativas pessoais e profissionais, já os restantes inquiridos referem que este programa corresponde às suas expectativas pessoais e profissionais (Oliveira de Frades – 63,60%; Vouzela – 80,00%). E no que diz respeito ao grau de satisfação, as percentagens foram as mesmas que as anteriormente referidas, sendo que os concelhos de Oliveira de Frades e Vouzela continuam a prevalecer. Na avaliação das utentes, a maioria (Oliveira de Frades – 65,60%; São Pedro do Sul – 55,40%; Vouzela – 72,00%), teve conhecimento do PNPSO através do Médico de Família/Centro de Saúde. Sendo que o acesso ao médico dentista, mais uma vez as inquiridas referiram na maioria que tinha sido fácil (Oliveira de Frades – 96,90%; São Pedro do Sul – 92,90%; Vouzela – 100,00%). Já à pergunta “Sabe a quantos cheques dentista teve direito”, 65,60% das utentes do concelho de Oliveira de Frades referiram dois, 39,30% das inquiridas de São Pedro do Sul afirmaram três e 38,1%% da amostra de Vouzela disseram três. Sendo que a totalidade das inquiridas dos três concelhos referiram que o “cheque-dentista” é de facto um incentivo aos cuidados da saúde oral. Conclusão: No presente estudo foi possível observar que a grande maioria dos profissionais inquiridos encontra-se satisfeito com o PNPSO. O mesmo acontece com as utentes inquiridas, pois estas valorizam o “cheque-dentista” como sendo um incentivo aos cuidados da saúde oral. Desta forma e para que esta valorização tenha algum impacto na condição oral é de facto fundamental que se invista cada vez mais na educação, promoção e prevenção para a Saúde. Introduction: In Portugal, oral diseases are one of the main problems regarding the public health. Unfortunately, a large part of the population of our society still lacks basic oral health care, mainly due to socio-economic problems. It was in this context that the National Program for the Promotion of the Oral Health (PNPSO) appeared whose main goals are reducing the incidence and prevalence of oral diseases by improving the knowledge and behaviors about nutrition and oral health and promoting as well the oral health equity. This PNPSO consists on issuing dentist checks assigned to certain groups of the population such as pregnant women followed by the National Health Service (SNS), children and young people under the age of 16 years elderly people from the SNS and patients with AIDS / HIV. These users can always choose the dentist/doctor dentist, in the program, according to a national list available in the functional units in the health centers or on the website of the program itself. Participants and Methods: a cross-sectional observational study was made which evaluated 29 dentists and 144 users through a survey containing several questions regarding the PNPSO. This survey was given to the staff (dentists/doctors) in loco and to pregnant women by phone. In both situations people gave their permission and were informed and it was guaranteed the maximum confidentiality of the data. The geographical area of the sample collection was obtained in collaboration with the Executive Director and Chairman of the Board of the Clinical Group of the Health Centers of Dão-Lafões II. This ACeS (short name for these health centers) is composed by 7 councils of the district of Viseu and Guarda. From these 7 councils, 3 were selected of the Region of Lafões: Oliveira de Frades, São Pedro do Sul and Vouzela. The data collected in this study was submitted to statistical analysis using the software IBM SPSS Statistics v20. Results: Regarding the dentists’ evaluation, it was found that 54.50% of the inquired of the municipality of São Pedro do Sul declare that their expectations, personal and professionally speaking don’t match the services offered by the PNPSO, when it comes to the rest of the inquired, they say that this program meets their expectations (Oliveira de Frades – 63,60%; Vouzela – 80,00%). Regarding the satisfaction level, the percentages were the same as mentioned before. Regarding the users evaluation, most of them knew about the PNPSO through their family doctor (Oliveira de Frades – 65, 40%; São Pedro do Sul – 55,40%; Vouzela – 72,00%). In regards to the dentist access, once again the inquired mentioned that it was easy to have access to it (Oliveira de Frades – 96,90%; São Pedro do Sul – 92,90% - Vouzela 100,00%). Regarding the question of “do you know how many dentist checks are you allowed having?” 65, 60 of the users of Oliveira de Frades said 2, 39,30% of the users of São Pedro do Sul said 3 and 38,1% of the users of Vouzela said 2. As we know this check is very important for the families when it comes to the dental health care. Conclusion: In this study it was clear that most of the dentists are satisfied with the PNPSO. The same happens with the inquired users for they value the dentist check as being an encouragement to the oral health. Though, and in order that this encouragement has some impact in the oral condition, it is in fact very important to invest in the education, promotion and Health prevention.
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Gomes, Gilson Alexandre. "Nutrição pós-eclosão de frangos de corte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-27042007-143146/.
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Realizaram-se dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da nutrição pós-eclosão em frangos de corte. No primeiro experimento avaliaram-se o efeito do tempo de fornecimento da dieta pré-inicial (DPI) nas características histomorfométricas do duodeno (CHD), em parâmetros de desempenho (PDES), de rendimento de carcaça (RC) até os 49 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 960 aves distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x4 (2 pesos de pintainhos - até 42 gramas e acima de 45 gramas; 4 tempos de fornecimento da DPI - 0, 1 a 7 dias, 1 a 10 dias e 1 a 14 dias), totalizando 8 tratamentos com 5 repetições de 30 aves cada. No segundo experimento avaliaram-se o tempo para alojamento e o fornecimento de suplementos pós-eclosão (SPO) para pintainhos com diferentes pesos à eclosão, na atividade mitótica de células satélites da musculatura peitoral, na alometria dos órgãos do trato gastrintestinal (TGI), em CHD, em PDES, e RC até os 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 1.280 aves distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2x2 (2 pesos dos pintainhos à eclosão: até 44g e acima de 48g; 2 SPO: 1 suplemento com 8% PB e 16% carboidratos - SPO 8/16 - e 1 suplemento com 10% PB e 20% de carboidratos - SPO 10/20 - ; 2 períodos de fornecimento dos SPO: 24 e 48h), totalizando 8 tratamentos com 4 repetições de 40 aves cada. Adicionalmente, foram alojadas 160 aves da mesma linhagem, que apresentavam peso médio de 49g à eclosão, e foram submetidas a um período de jejum de 24h, sendo que as mesmas provinham do mesmo lote de matrizes das aves submetidas aos tratamentos supracitados. Os animais de ambos os experimentos foram submetidas a programas alimentares que compreenderam três ou quatro fases (préinicial e/ou inicial; engorda; final), sendo as dietas formuladas a base de milho e farelo de soja. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com auxílio do procedimento GLM do software estatístico SAS, e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Para o presente estudo, o peso dos pintainhos ao alojamento/eclosão causou efeito significativo no desempenho dos animais, sendo que animais mais pesados apresentaram peso vivo superior, apesar de terem apresentado menores alturas de vilosidade. Observou-se que o fornecimento da DPI por um período de 7 dias, causou efeito benéfico no desempenho dos animais, acarretando, entretanto, numa diminuição no RC das aves. Pintainhos mantidos em jejum por um período de 24h demonstraram um melhor desenvolvimento do TGI no período pós-eclosão, permitindo que estas aves apresentassem crescimento compensatório. O fornecimento de SPO demonstrou ser eficaz em reduzir a perda de peso dos animais no período pré-alojamento, sendo que o oferecimento do SPO 10/20 mostrou ser mais vantajoso, devido ao fato do mesmo ter causado efeitos benéficos nas CHD, e também um aumento no rendimento de filé de peito. Entretanto, deve-se priorizar o fornecimento dos SPO pelo menor período possível, já que os mesmos não são capazes de suprir de maneira adequada às exigências nutricionais das aves recém-eclodidas.It were performed two experiments with the aim of evaluate the effects of posthatch nutrition of broiler chickens. In the first trial were evaluated the effects of feeding a pre-starter diet (PSD) on duodenal morphology (DM), live performance (LP), and carcass yield (CY). Nine hundred and sixty day-old male Cobb-500 broiler, with two different weights at housing (until 42 g and more than 45 g) were placed in 32 floor pens, and then submitted to four different periods of feeding a PSD (0, 1 to 7 days, 1 to 10 days and 1 to 14 days), totalizing 8 treatments with 4 replications of 30 birds each. In the second trial were evaluated the effects of feeding different hatchling supplements (HS) for different periods on breast muscle satellite cell mitotic activity (SCMA), alometric growth of digestive organs, DM, LP, and CY of broiler chickens up to 42 days. One thousand and two hundred and eighty day-old male Cobb-500 broiler were used on a 2x2x2 factorial study (two different weights at hatch :until 44 g and more than 49 g; two HS: 8% of crude protein and 16% of carbohydrates - HS 8/16 - or 10% of crude protein and 20% of carbohydrates - HS 10/20; two feeding periods of HS: 24 or 48h), totalizing 8 treatments with 4 replications of 40 birds each. Additionally, it were housed 160 male chicks from the same broiler breeder flock, of 49g of mean weight at hatch, which were submitted to 24h fasting prior to placement. The animals of both experiments were fed with basal corn-soy pre-starter/starter/grower/finisher diets. All data were analyzed using SAS\'s GLM procedures, and significance were measured at p<0,05 using Tukey\'s multiple range test to determine differences between treatments means. Overall, heavier birds at hatch/housing caused significative effect on LP, presenting decreased villus height, and an increased body weight. The birds that were fed with the PSD up to 7 days presented an increased LP, and a smaller CY. Chicks which were fasted for 24h presented a better development of DM on the post-hatch period, showing a compensatory growth. Both HS were efficient on minimize the chick\'s weight loss prior to placement, however birds that were fed with 10/20 HS showed satisfactory effects not only on DM but also an increased breast meat yield. However, the period of feeding of HS should be as small as possible, because this supplement is not capable to supply efficiently the nutritional requirements of newly hatched chicks.
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Gaber, Tarek. "Support consumers' rights in DRM : a secure and fair solution to digital license reselling over the Internet." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/support-consumers-rights-in-drm-a-secure-and-fair-solution-to-digital-license-reselling-over-the-internet(6b653587-36d3-4074-8578-5eaacdb68004).html.
Full textAbstract:
Consumers of digital contents are empowered with numerous technologies allowing them to produce perfect copies of these contents and distribute them around the world with little or no cost. To prevent illegal copying and distribution, a technology called Digital Rights Management (DRM) is developed. With this technology, consumers are allowed to access digital contents only if they have purchased the corresponding licenses from license issuers. The problem, however, is that those consumers are not allowed to resell their own licenses- a restriction that goes against the first-sale doctrine. Enabling a consumer to buy a digital license directly from another consumer and allowing the two consumers to fairly exchange the license for a payment are still an open issue in DRM research area. This thesis investigates existing security solutions for achieving digital license reselling and analyses their strengths and weaknesses. The thesis then proposes a novel Reselling Deal Signing (RDS) protocol to achieve fairness in a license reselling. The idea of the protocol is to integrate the features of the concurrent signature scheme with functionalities of a License Issuer (LI). The security properties of this protocol is informally analysed and then formally verified using ATL logic and the model checker MOCHA. To assess its performance, a prototype of the RDS protocol has been developed and a comparison with related protocols has been conducted. The thesis also introduces two novel digital tokens a Reselling Permission (RP) token and a Multiple Reselling Permission (MRP) token. The RP and MRP tokens are used to show whether a given license is single and multiple resalable, respectively. Moreover, the thesis proposes two novel methods supporting fair and secure digital license reselling. The first method is the Reselling Deal (RD) method which allows a license to be resold once. This method makes use of the existing distribution infrastructure, RP, License Revocation List (LRL), and three protocols: RDS protocol RD Activation (RDA) protocol, and RD Completion (RDC) protocol. The second method is a Multiple License Reselling (MLR) method enabling one license to be resold N times by N consumers. The thesis presents two variants of the MLR method: RRP-MR (Repeated RP-based Multi-Reselling) and HC-MR (Hash Chain-based Multi-Reselling). The RRP-MR method is designed such that a buyer can choose to either continue or stop a multi-reselling of a license. Like the RD method, the RRP-MR method makes use of RP, LI, LRL, and the RDS, RDA, and RDC protocols to achieve fair and secure reselling. The HC-MR method allows multiple resellings while keeping the overhead on LI at a minimum level and enable a buyer to check how many times a license can be further resold. To do so, the HC-MR utilises MRP and the hash chain cryptographic primitive along with LRL, LI and the RDS, RDA and RDC protocols. The analysis and the evaluation of these three methods have been conducted. While supporting the license reselling, the two methods are designed to prevent a reseller from (1) continuing using a resold license, (2) reselling a non-resalable license, and (3) reselling one license a unauthorised number of times. In addition, they enable content owners of resold contents to trace a buyer who has violated any of the usage rights of a license bought from a reseller. Moreover, the methods enable a buyer to verify whether a license he is about to buy is legitimate for re-sale. Furthermore, the two methods support market power where a reseller can maximise his profit and a buyer can minimise his cost in a reselling process. In comparison with related works, our solution does not make use of any trusted hardware device, thus it is more cost-effective, while satisfying the interests of both resellers and buyers, and protecting the content owner's rights.
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Shih, Wen-Wei, and 施文偉. "On Local Scour below Secondary Check Dam and Channel Bed between Mail and Secondary Check Dam." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98045256694448525923.
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莊乙齊. "Sediment Regulated function of Check Dam." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u94may.
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Chen, Hsi-Hsun, and 陳錫勳. "Overflow Discharge Formula for Check Dam." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n4a8ft.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
土木及水利工程所
91
Abstract While the overflow section is given, using the weir flow formula to calculate the overflow discharge is very convenient, but the measuring point of the flow depth in this formula changes with discharge, and the field depth measuring section for weir flow formula seems quite fuzzy to apply, and addition to weir flow formula it is suitable for non sloping and non contraction channels, therefore, the result of the discharge contains certain errors. Due to this issue, this study bases on weir flow formula, and uses the check dam’s end brink point water depth for the correction formula, and by flume test, establishing the formula with different channel slopes and different contraction. From test regression result, the correction formula can be as shown: c d b H B Q × − + − = 5 . 1 625 . 2 ) tan 1 ( 443 . 2 γ θ and 577 . 1 192 . 0 ) 1 ( 535 . 1 B b H b b − □ = − γ ， 117 . 0 154 . 0 16 . 0 ) ( ) tan 1 ( ) ( 57 . 1 B b B H d b c − − = φ Q is flow discharge( cms )、B is channel width( m )、b is the overflow section width(m )、b H is the check dam’s end brink water depth (m )、θis the channel slope (degree)、φis the deposition slop(degree)。
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Lin, Che-Chang, and 林哲樟. "The effect of check dam and debris dam onaquatic insects." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23446627956394045835.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
102
Dams would affect streams by disturbed their flow continuity and the transportation of power in ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence among different dams (check dam and debris dam), location (upstream and downstream), stage (before and after dam removed) and five levels (aquatic insects number, taxon number, diversity, founctional feeding group and biological feature) in mountain streams. The experimental dams were located upstream of the Cijiawan Stream and Gaoshan Stream in Daja River. There are two sample site within each dams (upstream and downstream). Base on the removal date of the two dams, we collected samples respectively one year before and after dams removed from august 2010 to june 2013. Aquatic insects were collected by Surber''s sampler and then the taxon and individual number would be completely identified and recorded. The result shows that the individual numbers of aquatic insect in check dam were higher than debris dam but the taxon numbers were not. However, the individual numbers of aquatic insect both decrease in the two dams. The diversity index decrease rapidly after check dam removed. The functional feeding group of aquatic insects also had been affected by removal of the two dams. Nevertheless, the result of contribution percentage of check dam were all contrary to debris dam except shredders. According to the result of MDS, the community structure of aquatic insect could be separated into two groups (check dam and debris dam). On the other hand, the result of nested ANOVA shows that the individual numbers of short-lived aquatic insects would decrease by the impact of check dam removing but debris dam was not.
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DENG, DE-LIANG, and 鄧德良. "Design of a Steel-Pipe Check Dam—The Case of the Jia-nong Concrete-Filled Steel-Pipe Check Dam." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4y2bh3.
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碩士大漢技術學院
土木工程與環境資源管理研究所
104
This paper proposes the design of a steel-pipe check dam.The design load of the dam comprises dead load, water pressure, soil pressure, uplift force, seismic force, the fluid force of debris flow, and the impact force of boulders. The stiffness of a steel-pipe check dam is lower than that of a concrete dam and should be considered to withstand the impact of debris flow or boulders. Conventional boulder impact force equations consider the velocity of debris flow to be equal to that of boulders; however, in reality, the velocity of boulders is lower. In this paper, the elastic collision theory is adopted to estimate the impact force of debris-flow boulders on the basis of the stiffness of the affected steel-pipe check dam. The impact force of boulders is greater for parts of the dam that have higher stiffness. In addition, the impact force of boulders exceeds the fluid force of debris flow. When filled with concrete, a steel-pipe dam can more effectively withstand the impact force of debris-flow boulders. This paper recommends the following: The prying action should be considered when the steel pipes of a steel-pipes check dam are connected using flange plate bolts, or stiffeners can be attached to flange plates to improve the plates’ stiffness. Moreover, the design strength of the bolts should equal the strength of the steel pipes to increase the pipes’ toughness.
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Hsu, Hung-Jung, and 許宏榮. "Development of Window-based Check Dam Design Modules." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71730338820644760474.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
93
ABSTRACT The watershed peak discharge is an important parameter in water resources design work. For gauged watersheds, design discharge can be obtained through frequency analysis by using discharge record; however, it’s difficult for ungauged watersheds. Traditionally, the design discharge for ungauged watersheds can be obtained from the rational formula; meanwhile, the design work is always questionable because of the inaccurate geomorphic factors and improper time of concentration. In this study, a digital elevation model was developed to simplify the procedure for geomorphic factors calculating and to improve the accuracy of these factors. Moreover, the network V-KW equation was adopted to consider the varying rainfall intensity and the effect of stream networks. Then, the design discharge can be obtained from the rational formula through intensity-duration-frequency curves. The objective of this study is to develop the check dam design modules based on a Windows interface by using Visual Basic 6.0. The watershed geomorphic factors were obtained by a digital elevation model, and time of concentration was calculated by the network V-KW equation; therefore, design discharge can be obtained to proceed with check dam design. In this study, the three single-dam body types were classified into the gravity-type check dam, the dam with a rectangular slit, and the sabo dam with a rectangular slit, respectively. When using the check dam design modules, the modules can provide a convenient way for dam design work and promptly display the dam body design model. The check dam design modules also provide the stability analysis and the building cost evaluation, and are expected to be useful in the planning and design of water resources engineering works.
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Chen, Yi-An, and 陳奕安. "A study of deposition slope behind check dam." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86214593575468061198.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
105
Check dam is an important structure for sediment control in upstream watershed. The major functions of the check dam are sediment yield reduction and channel bed stabilization. Accuracy of the prediction of sediment deposit slope is the key factor for the estimation of sediment deposition volume and the design space between check dams. In this study, 17 check dams, located in Keelung, Hualien, Taitung, and Nantou, were investigated following the coordinate data provided by the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau. The deposition slopes behind the check dam, the width and height of the check dam, the size of deposited sediment particles were measured. The distribution of bed material grain sizes was obtained by the image processing and identification technology using a digital sieving software based on the surface-sediment particle photos taken from the field investigations. The digital sieving method can alleviate the requirement of labor intensive and time consuming problems in using traditional sediment sieving method. In this study, digital elevation model was used to calculate the watershed area and to extract the original channel slope before the construction of the check dam. The design discharges under different return periods were estimated by using the rational method. Multiple regression method was applied to analyze relationship between the deposition slope and the geomorphologic and hydrological factors of the check dam watershed. The results show that the original slope is the most important influence variable. If the original channel bed slope is the only variable for the regression analysis, the coefficient of determination is about 0.848. For variable including original channel bed slope, sediment particle size, and discharge, the coefficient of determination can reach to 0.875 for the regression equations.
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Wu, Yung-Sheng, and 吳永勝. "Sediment trapping benefits by check dams and strategies on dam removal." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52909331288850772058.
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Cheng, Shiang-Rung, and 程向榮. "The study on the Notch Discharge of Check Dam." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90920099957689197205.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系
86
In the design of check dam, regular formula of discharge we usually used is record in the technical specification. The formula is assumed that the channel is horizontal and full- width weir. But in the actual situation, the slope and the width of notch are accustomed not as wegranted. This study is designed to figure out what impact on the dischrage with slope of channel and width of notch are being changed. As the result of the experiment and analysis, the revised formula has been developed and which can be used in the different slope and width of notch in both deposition and nondeposition.
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Lin, Yung-Hsin, and 林永欣. "Experiment on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Slit-Type Check Dam." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13590982996336378096.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學類
85
Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the width of opening and the hydraulic parameters for slit-type check dam.Three channel slopes (3°、6°、9°),three flow rate and two size of sediments(gravel：2mm、sand：0.84mm) were used to conduct the channel experiments in the channel with 21cm width.To realize the effect of the interception of the slit-type check dam,the multiple opening slit dam was transformed to single opening slit dam in this study.The result are obtained as follow： 1. The variation of Froude number is not distinguished when the flow through the traditional check dam.This is expressed that the constrictive effect of the check dam is not distinguished. 2. Because the flow can''t scoure out the sediments at the upstream of the traditional check dam under the condition of the water supplied,the dam will almost intercept sediments.But the height of opening in slit dam is lower than the traditional dam,so the sediments will transport through the opening to the downstream with the flow and there is a pit to scoured out at the upstreamof dam. 3. The scoured pit where is formed between the dam and the original deposited sediments has a cushioning effect for the flow,the velocity will be decreasedat the scoured pit.When the flow through the opening of slit dam,the velocity was increased with the contrictive effect. Then,the water depth at the opening of dam is lower than that at the upstream. 4. Under the condition of this experiment,if channel slope or discharge is large enough to maybe the flow water over the top of dam,the velocity at the opening of dam was slower than that before the pit being formed. 5. It is derived that the velocity at the opening of dam is a negative relation with the coefficient of transformed section, and it is proved to be correct by the experiments.A larger of the coefficient of transformed section means that the slit dam has a higher effect for stabilized the deposited sediments.And the more the opening numbers is,the higher opening opening effect is.It is meanning that the constrictive effect is not significant with a more number of opening,and the energy loss also is not significant.Therefore,the scoured pit at the upstream is smaller than that with the less opening numbers.
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Tsou, Mu-Hu, and 鄒牧岵. "The Fishway Design for Check Dam by Experiment and Experience." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84869633003477041985.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
97
The purpose of fishway is a way for fish to migrate upstream through dams and other obstructions. Due to the difference of the terrain and rainfull between Taiwan and the other countries, the fishway of the check dam in Taiwan can not be completely imitated from other country. Therefore Slopeland Engineering Lab of Department of Soil and Water Conservation , NCHU makes a series of experiment in fishway of the check dam from 1998-2008. The experiments focus on structure of inclined section、horizontal section and U-turn horizontal section of the fishway. In this thesis, we study problems of fishway in Taiwan by experiment data and field experience. Those items are the hydraulics in fishway,the river terrain and flow, the screen to avoid blockade the fishway, the maintenance of fishway. Increasing the roughness of fishway, using another lower opening in the spillway of the check dam to get more flow in fishway, using upside down trapezoidal cross section steel bar to substitute circular cross section can improve the functions of the fishway. Proposed the exist dam plus new fishway and new check dam with fishway design are presented for reference here.
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Chiu, Shih-En, and 邱士恩. "Study on the Sediment Trapping Efficiency of Adjustable Check Dam." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68058070196053166205.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
水土保持系所
104
The research utilizes 2D numerical model CCHE-2D to simulate hydrology, sand transporting and artificial channel test of upstream added with dam body in Zhiben River Upstream,and study performed channel tests to simulate closed CDs, SDs, steel pipe dams (SPDs), and steel pipe plus slit dam (SPSDs) 50-year 100-year floods. Results were then analyzed to determine the sediment trapping (ST) effects of various CDs, the effects of “adjustable CDs,” and the changes of moderated riverbeds. The 2D numerical simulation structure shows that soil and sand are retained in upstream of the check dam after sand prevention dam is added, therefore, roughness and water level in upstream of the check dam will rise. Slit-type sabo dam is an open check dam, which cannot block gravel of big grain size, but the slope of riverbed is influenced by the check dam, and the downstream shrinks due to sally port where gravel of big grain size stops, causing increase of roughness of riverbed and retention of soil and sand. Test result of artificial channel shows that trap efficiency of a sealed sand prevention dam is high. The sealed sand prevention dam is a non-pervious dam capable of blocking all soil and sand in upstream, thus its trap efficiency is high. Trap efficiency of the check dam of slit-type sabo dam and steel-pile dam is higher than that of sealed sand prevention dam, but superior to that of other opening check dams. Compared with steel-pipe dam, the trap efficiency of slit-type sabo dam steel pipes is higher mainly because the slit-type sabo dam has sealed structure, which can block more soil and sand.
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Shiau, Huei-Min, and 蕭惠民. "The Study on the Influence of Check Dam in River Slope." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94670965192390448052.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
99
The slopeland areas are more than 75% of all territory of Taiwan, and the mountainside areas have been characterized by short-length rivers, steep slopes and rapid currents. It is a common practice to build check dams in rivers to keep soil and rock on upland. It seems that most of rivers slope which rivers were built check dams are not meet our expectation In this study we collect the data of river slope from Shihmen Reservoir watershed before the rivers which were built check dams, and after it. Then we analyze these data by statistics method to regress a regulation to estimate the slope of a river built check dams. The estimation of sediment capacity of the check dam is a huge influence on designing in watershed conservation and management. Finally, if we cannot estimate the sediment capacity of the check dams precisely before we build them, the reservoir project life will be shorten because of soil and rock was not kept on upland. It is the expectation to find the correct way to estimate river slope after check dams precisely in this study.
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Chuang, Huey-Ling, and 莊惠玲. "Effects of Grid Attached to Check Dam Overfall on Scour Hole." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5qfxr3.
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碩士逢甲大學
土木及水利工程所
91
This experimental study is on the effects of energy dissipation induced by a grid attached to the overflow edge of a check dam upon the scour hole. The variables involved in the hydraulic experiments are length of the grid beam, width of slot between the grid beams, type of the grid beam, roughness of the beam surface and flow rate. Based on the experimental results, it is found that the addition of the grid to the traditional check dam crest can really lessen the scour hole. Among the types of the grid beam used in the experiments, the one with a triangular cross section, a relative length of 0.61 and a relative width of slot of 0.3 demonstrates the best results.
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Shih-ChiehChou and 周士傑. "Experiment Study of the riverbed variation after a check-dam failure." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31253611981491389202.
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Lu, Sheng-Jui, and 魯聲睿. "Sediment trapping and removing efficiency by slit check dam with steel." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21649559718876184461.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
101
The traditional debris flow control engineering in Taiwan is using of close check dam and slit check dam. Nevertheless, environment conditions of Taiwan’s river are high in bed load and suspension load both, hence close check dam which trap all kind of sand or slit is usually full and losing its ability of trapping after few storms. Slit check dam is permeable dam, so it can prevent from depositing all of sand or slit coming from upstream river in non-flood period. However, in recent years, Japan’s research showed that slit check dam of mode of deposit causing by backwater or lower channel slope may result in massive rocks crossing over the dam. As a result, slit check dam with steel and removable transverse beams new debris flow control engineering and the concept of dam of respiration were used to execute experiments in indoor channel. Particle size distribution test of surface was executed at Lan-Dow river, and used the laws of geometric similitude to design model of dam and experimental rocks. The main comparisons focused on types of sediment trapping and removing, rate of sediment discharge, sediment discharge, and trapping rate between slit check dam and slit check dam with steel. In different types of removing transverse beam showed different kind of sediment removal of slit check dam with steel and differences on rate of sediment removing, removing rate, and particle size distribution. The result of experiment showed that trapping rate and total sediment discharge had more difference between slit check dam and slit check dam with steel on low and high flow rate, because of difference of water area and effect of overflow respectively. Slit check dam and slit check dam with steel could reduce rate of sediment discharge and total sediment discharge, and improve sediment trapping efficiency after installing transverse beams. Furthermore, sediment discharge of peak of debris flow was lower when net distance of transverse beam was smaller. Conclusion of result of experiment: (1)Slit check dam and slit check dam with steel could trap most giant rocks both and stop debris flow by locking between rocks. In addition, slit check dam with steel could also discharge more fine sediment to supply the need of downstream river. (2)The efficiency of sediment trapping in slit check dam with steel after installing transverse beams was equal to slit check dam. Therefore, slit check dam with steel could instead of slit check dam if there had the requirement of ecological conservation and was easy to maintain and manage. (3)The factor of sediment removing was affected by height of bottom of water area, which also controlled the rate of sediment removing. Consequently, decision of the number of removing transverse beams and step of dam removal should in accordance with degree of stability of sediment in watershed in period of sediment removal.
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Huang, Shang-Hsuan, and 黃上軒. "Numerical Simulation of Ecological Habitat Effects due to Check Dam Improvement." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06743675903189694904.
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碩士逢甲大學
水利工程與資源保育研究所
99
The installation of the check dam has a significant impact on habitat variation. Therefore, this research selected a fully-deposited check dam as an object for study. The FLOW-3D model was used to simulate the flow fields around the check dam before and after the check dam improvement. The variations of the channel bed longitudinal and transverse stabilities under six different patterns of check dam removals were used as indications. The check dam removal patterns considered including un-removal, horizontal removal (d/4, d/2), vertical removal (b/4, b/2), and complete removal etc. Variables such as flow depth, flow velocity, and cross-section simulated from the FLOW-3D model, and suitable curves for three kinds of target species’ (including oncorhynchus masou, crossostoma lacustre, and rhinogobius candidianus) from previous studies were used as input conditions for the Physical Habitat Simulation Model (PHABSIM). Furthermore, the individual species’ Weighted Usable Area (WUA) values calculated from the PHABSIM model were used to assess the effects on ecological habitat with different check dam removal projects. An ideal check dam improvement project was proposed with consideration of both channel bed stability and ecological conditions. The scour hole is the deepest and biggest without removing the check dam based on the comparison of the variations of channel bed downstream of the check dam. All of the check dam improvement projects induce deposition downstream of the dam. The results showed that channel bed stability downstream of the dam for any type of the check dam removal projects was better than that for the un-removal case. All of check dam improvement projects except the horizontal removal of d/4 have not caused significant gaps between the downstream and upstream of the check dam. Furthermore, the channel forms a favorable passage for the fish species. For the stability of channel, the project with the horizontal removal of check dam for d/2 has the best longitudinal stable bed among all of the check dam improvement projects. It also shows the best result as to the cross-sectional elevation and the evolution. The result shows that the weighted usable area (WUA) of oncorhynchus masou’s is the highest, and those of the rhinogobius candidianus and crossostoma lacustre follow by using the simulation PHABSIM model. For oncorhynchus masou, when consider channel bed stability, the weighted usable area (WUA) and percentage usable area (PUA) of ecological habitat, partial horizontal removal of d/2 is the best choice among all of the check dam removal projects considered.
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Lei, Zih-Yi, and 雷子毅. "Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Discharge Estimation for Open Check Dam." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7e3ng3.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
106
This study is aim to establish a flow-rate estimation model for flow passing through an open check dam. The model separately estimated the flow rates at the trapezoidal spillway and the rectangular opening below the spillway. A linear combination of both flow rates was used to estimate the total flow rate of the dam. Considering the flow conditions varied with the ration of the water depth and the length of dam. the flow conditions of the check dam were grouped into the broad-crested weir condition and the sharp-crested weir condition based on the aforementioned ratio. Moreover, a dimensionless factor water area ratio, Ar, corresponding to the influence of the difference between the flow area of the channel and the open check dam, was used to estimate the flow rate coefficient. This was expected to effectively reflect the contracting effect due to the narrow opening of check dam in the model and improve the estimation accuracy. 110 experiments were performed on 5 opening check dams with difference combination of trapezoidal spillway and rectangular openings. The results showed that the flow conditions are similar to those of broad-crested weir when water flows only in the rectangular opening. At this point, the contracting effect was significant due to the small opening of the dam, which made the flow rate coefficient increase linearly with increasing Ar. The coefficient of determination, R2, was equal to 0.870. In the cases of the flow through the trapezoidal spillway, the flow conditions are similar to those of sharp-crested weir. The geometry of wide top and narrow bottom in a trapezoid made the contracting effect reduced as the flow rate increased. The flow rate coefficient decreased linearly with increasing Ar. The R2 was equal to 0.848. It was found the flow rate coefficient was highly correlated to the Ar under different flow conditions. Comparing of the estimated and measured flow rates showed the averaged error fell below 3%. In addition, estimation results from the present model and previous models showed that the averaged errors produced by the previous models ranged between 5% and 30%, which were higher than that of the present model. The present model requires only the dimensions and the water depth of the check dam for the flow rate estimation, which gives both accuracy and convenience of use when it comes to estimating flow rates for an open check dam.
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Ye, Zai-Lin, and 葉再麟. "Effect of Bed Material Characteristics on Local Scour below a Check Dam." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84555795759546206536.
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Ye, Shin-Shin, and 葉欣欣. "Influence of Various Impinging Flow below Check Dam Crest upon Scour Hole." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10097680716961034029.
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碩士逢甲大學
土木及水利工程研究所
89
The experimental research is about the effect of the various over crest flow upon the scour hole below a labyrinth check dam. According to what was observed in the laboratory, the bumping of cross flow, the change of mappe thickness and the direction of flow due to the diversion of the flow all bear noticeable influence on the maximum equilibrium scour depth of the scour hole.
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Lin, Hann-Bin, and 林漢斌. "Deduction of Impact and Abrasion Damage Around the Spillway A Check Dam." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19581371268957250614.
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Tsai, Hai-Yang, and 蔡海揚. "The Design of Check Dam Based on CAD & Digital Geomorphologic Analysis." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11036012059107585013.
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Yen, Yi-hsing, and 顏詒星. "Effect on Riverbed Stability and Ecological Habitat due to Check Dam Improvement." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03704347617581701507.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
土木工程所
99
Check dam is one of the most common hydraulic facilities for the upper river reach in Taiwan. Its main functions include storing debris, adjusting sediment transport, preventing erosion, controlling stream flow and inhibiting debris. The number of check dam in Taiwan exceeds one thousand, but its lifetime is usually very short. Both safety and practicality were over emphasized on the construction of check dams in the past, and filled the original natural environment was destroyed. When the upstream of a check dam is gradually filled by sediment, it induces a drop height between the upstream and downstream, and causes a serious impact of ecological environment. In recent years, to enhance the concept of ecology conservation, the check dam improvement or removal becomes an important issue. The hypotheses of this research include that upstream of check dam is full of sediment, the ratio of dam wing is 1: 0.5, and the check dam wing is not removed during the dam improvement. The hydraulic experiments were conducted under the follow conditions: a geometric standard deviation σg = 1.2, two ways of dam removal (the vertical and horizontal), four remove widths (1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and the demolition of all), three bed slopes (1%, 3% and 5%) and three relatively flow intensities (V/Vc = 0.6, 0.75 and 0.9) etc. The main objectives are to understand the impact of riverbed stability, river flow diversity and the increasing rate of dissolve oxygen after the check dam removal. Based on the criteria of riverbed longitudinal stability, river flow diversity and the increasing rate of dissolve oxygen, the check dam improvement with vertical removal of b/2 is the best choice, which can offer both river safety and ecological advantages. The secondary choice of dam improvement is the vertical removal of 3b/4 dam or the complete removed.
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TUAN, CHI-HSIANG, and 段紀湘. "Model Experiment on the Check Dam Removal: A Case Study of Chi-Chia-Wan Creek Dam NO.1." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00243615968169250258.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
水利工程與資源保育研究所
98
Check dam is one of the most common hydraulic structures for rivers in Taiwan. Its main functions are to intercept the coarse sediments, regulate sediment transportation, prevent erosions and restrain the debris flow. However, it also causes a great influence to the river ecosystem. In recent years, check dam improvement becomes a very important issue due to the flood prevention and river ecological restoration considerations. There are many successful experiences of dam removal for ecological restoration in the foreign countries. However, it is still an emerging leader type research in Taiwan. The Formosan Landlocked Salmon has been protected by partial removal of four dams in Gao-Shan Creek during 1999 to 2001 by the Shei-Pa National Park Headquarters. The population investigation of the salmon indicated that the partial dam removal produced positive responses. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of the improvement of deposit check dam on riverbed stability and habitat variation. The check dam No. 1 of Chi-Chia-Wan Creek is selected as the research target to evaluate various dam removal cases by using hydraulic experiments to understand riverbed stability before and after dam removal. The improvement cases included the removals of the left, middle, and right parts of the dam under usual flood flow Q2 and the 50 years flood flow Q50. To fulfill the riverbank safety requirement, this research provides appropriate dam removal strategy using the indicators of horizontal channel trough-line shifting and longitudinal slope stability, which can be served as a design and management reference for relevant units in the future. The results showed that all kinds of dam removals induced riverbed scours upstream, and depositions and increase stability downstream. The location of maximum scour depth usually occurs at the concave bank and nearby the upstream of dam removal site. The relative horizontal channel trough-line shifting for the removal of the left bank of the dam is smaller than those for the other cases, and the channel slope is milder than those for the other cases. In addition, the location of maximum scour depth is far away from the levee bank when the left bank of the dam is removed. Therefore, this study suggests that the removal of the left bank (top width b/2 and bottom width b/3) of the dam to be an appropriate improvement program.
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Chiang, hsiang-ping, and 江祥平. "A Study on the Change of Upstream River Bed of Flood Detention Dam been Reconstructed from the Check Dam." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60120639480999840512.
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Jiang, Xiang-Ping, and 江祥平. "A study on the change of upstream river bed of flood detention dam been reconstructed from the check dam." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06339178912486426109.
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Chow, Xue-Heui, and 周學輝. "Experiments on Energy Dissipation of Gabion Check Dam with Various Porosity and Pattern." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44837224286172726184.
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陳立洲. "Study on the Gravity Check Dam of Reinforced Concrete Frame Filled with Sediment." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79772069807375553272.
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碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系
87
To avoid the drawbacks of traditional check dam (i.e., mass usage of concrete, higher cost, and unbalance of heart hydraulic), this study proposed the design of "Gravity Check Dam of Reinforced Concrete Frame Filled with Sediment". This new design combines Counterfort Retaining Wall and reinforced concrete for their benefits of low cost and high tension-resistance. Four sections were included in the research: designs of dam configuration, analysis of stability, flume experiment, and cost analysis. In the flume experiment of "Gravity Check Dam of Reinforced Concrete Frame Filled with Sediment ", the result was concluded by placing the dam model in the flow condition without sedimentation. The dam structure is stable and without movement under the following experimental condition: maximum flow discharge of 0.006 cms, flume slope of 3.55%, and overflow depth of 4.2cm.
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Leu, Charng Li, and 呂長禮. "Study on the Relationship between Localized Seepage and Scour below a Check Dam." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09434709289146603964.
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