Academic literature on the topic 'Check dam'
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Journal articles on the topic "Check dam"
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Huzita, Tomohumi, Ryu Noda, and Chihiro Kayo. "Regional Economic Impacts from Timber Check Dam Construction—A Comparison with Concrete Check Dam Construction." Forests 11, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101073.
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Recently, many mountain disasters caused by natural phenomena, such as typhoons and heavy rains, have struck Japan, where check dams are used as important disaster prevention structures. Meanwhile, increased timber use in Japan is expected to revitalize regional economies, thus drawing attention to the use of timber in check dams. However, comparisons between timber and concrete check dams, in terms of their impact on the regional economy, have been overlooked in previous studies. Therefore, targeting Akita Prefecture in Japan, we evaluated quantitatively the respective regional economic impact of timber and concrete check dam construction through an input–output analysis. An extended input–output table was developed based on the revenue and expenditure data obtained from interviews with check dam construction companies. The construction cost and amount of sediment runoff prevention of a concrete check dam was unified with those of a timber check dam to evaluate their respective economic impact. In both cases, the impact of timber check dam construction was about 12 to 13% larger. In brief, timber check dam construction was found to have a more positive impact on the regional economy than concrete check dam construction. However, with the regional self-sufficiency ratio of the lumber and wood products sector at less than 20%, or the lumber price at 60% of its current price, the economic impact of constructing a timber check dam becomes smaller than that of a concrete check dam. In other words, it is important to harvest, process, and use timber regionally to contribute to the regional economy. Specifically, using timber that is processed, rather than simply harvested, in the region has a larger economic impact on the region. Additionally, in timber check dam construction, procuring inexpensive timber and reducing construction costs may be a trade-off for revitalizing the regional economy.
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Li, Mengqi, Wen Dai, Mengtian Fan, Wei Qian, Xin Yang, Yu Tao, and Chengyi Zhao. "Combining Deep Learning and Hydrological Analysis for Identifying Check Dam Systems from Remote Sensing Images and DEMs in the Yellow River Basin." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (March 6, 2023): 4636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054636.
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Identifying and extracting check dams is of great significance for soil and water conservation, agricultural management, and ecological assessment. In the Yellow River Basin, the check dam, as a system, generally comprises dam locations and dam-controlled areas. Previous research, however, has focused on dam-controlled areas and has not yet identified all elements of check dam systems. This paper presents a method for automatically identifying check dam systems from digital elevation model (DEM) and remote sensing images. We integrated deep learning and object-based image analysis (OBIA) methods to extract the dam-controlled area’s boundaries, and then extracted the location of the check dam using the hydrological analysis method. A case study in the Jiuyuangou watershed shows that the precision and recall of the proposed dam-controlled area extraction approach are 98.56% and 82.40%, respectively, and the F1 score value is 89.76%. The completeness of the extracted dam locations is 94.51%, and the correctness is 80.77%. The results show that the proposed method performs well in identifying check dam systems and can provide important basic data for the analysis of spatial layout optimization and soil and water loss assessment.
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Zou, Y. H., and X. Q. Chen. "Effectiveness and efficiency of slot-check dam system on debris flow control." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 9 (September 29, 2015): 5777–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-5777-2015.
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Abstract. Slot-check dam system is commonly used to control sediment transport associated with debris flows and mitigate debris flow hazards. This paper aims to estimate the performance of the slot-check dam system in the field and set up a verification to evaluate the efficiency of a slot-check dam system and each subsystem in debris flow sediment control. Field survey on a group of a series of slot-check dams at Shengou Basin in Yunnan, China reveals that the conserving sediment volume of each dam is related to its relative location in the group, gradually decreasing from upstream to downstream. The cumulative sediment volume within a subsystem of slot-check dams closely related to the characteristics of the catchment controlled by the subsystem. It increases with the controlled catchment area of the most downstream dam in subsystem and the distance from the dam to the upstream most. Evaluation models for the conserving efficiency of a slot-check dam system on debris flow control in a river basin and each subsystem within the group associate to the controlled catchment characteristics have been proposed. The layout principle of a slot-check dam system in a river basin has been developed based on the conserving efficiency of a subsystem of slot-check dams which would allow the slot-check dam system to be designed in a more scientific way.
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Bai, Leichao, Juying Jiao, Nan Wang, and Yulan Chen. "Structural Connectivity of Sediment Affected by Check Dams in Loess Hilly-Gully Region, China." Water 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 2644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192644.
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Check dams play an irreplaceable role in soil and water conservation in the Chinese Loess Plateau region. However, there are few analyses on the connection between check dams and the downstream channel and the impact on structural connectivity and sediment interception efficiency. Based on a field survey, this study classified the connection mode between check dams and the downstream channel, and the actual control area percentage by discharge canal in dam land was used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of the structural connectivity of sediment between the check dam and the downstream channel. The analysis results show that the connection mode can be divided into eleven categories with different structural connectivity. The different connection modes and its combination mode of check dams and downstream channels in dam systems have a large difference, and the structural connectivity of the dam system is less than or equal to that of the sum of single check dams in a watershed. The degree of structural connectivity of a dam system will be greatly reduced if there is a main control check dam with no discharge canal in the lower reaches of the watershed. Compared with a single check dam, the structural connectivity of a dam system is reduced by 0–42.38%, with an average of 11.18%. According to the difference in connection mode and structural connectivity of check dams and dam systems in the four typical small watersheds, the optimization methods for connection mode in series, parallel and hybrid dam systems were proposed. The research results can provide a reference for the impact of a check dam on the sediment connectivity and the sediment interception efficiency in a watershed and can also guide the layout of a dam system and the arrangement of drainage facilities.
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Malikhazulkifli, M. F. D., N. A. Yusoff, T. N. Tuan Chik, M. I. Muhamad Sa’ed, and M. A. Yahya. "A Study on Check Dam Design at Peat Soil Area for Peat Fire Management." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012038.
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Abstract In the past decade, incidents of peatland fires have occurred in Malaysia, especially during the prolonged dry weather between February to May and July to October of each year. The canal blocking system or check dam is commonly used to control water tables in peatland. The objectives of this paper are to review the common check dam used for peat fire management. Next to propose a suitable check dam for peat fire management and to prepare a Sketchup model. The case study at Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) is located in the district of Muar, Johor State, with a total area of 3,797 ha. There are four phases in designing a check dam. There are four phases in designing a check dam. Phase I is to review the check dam that have has been produced before. Next, phase II is a design concept for a check dam that is suitable for construction on peatland areas. Phase III, engineering design, involves calculations related to engineering, AutoCAD drawings, and construction price estimates. Phase IV is the last phase to produce a model using a paper model or Sketchup software. In conclusion, the study manages to innovate a check dam for peat fire management at Ayer Hitam, Muar.
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Dashora, Yogita, David Cresswell, Peter Dillon, Basant Maheshwari, Richard Clark, Prahlad Soni, and Pradeep Kumar Singh. "Hydrologic and Cost–Benefit Analysis of Multiple Check Dams in Catchments of Ephemeral Streams, Rajasthan, India." Water 14, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152378.
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Investment in the small-scale enhancement of groundwater recharge through check dams and other recharge structures in rural India is on the order of USD 1 billion/year. However, for any catchment, the optimal capacity of check dams is unknown, and the impacts on downstream flows are rarely determined. This paper describes a method that can be applied to plan recharge augmentation in catchments that have at least one monitored check dam. It was applied in the Dharta catchment of the Aravalli Hills in Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India, where four check dams in an ephemeral stream were monitored by farmers over seven years. For the last three years of this study, the hydrology of two of these check dams was affected by 19 new check dams established upstream. A basic hydrologic model, WaterCress, was calibrated on monitored check-dam storages and used to assess the impacts of the new structures on recharge from those downstream. Then, the model was rerun with a range of capacities of upstream check dams to determine the effects of check-dam capacity on (1) the recharge from the downstream check dam, (2) the total recharge from all check dams, and (3) the frequency of spill from the downstream check dam. Using the available economic information, the benefit–cost ratio was calculated for a range of check-dam capacities. This showed a decline in economic efficiency with each new check dam and defined the optimal capacity. Monsoon size was found to be consequential to results, and longer hydrological records yield more reliable results. The study showed that monitoring check dams, rainfall, and groundwater levels is key to deciding whether additional check dams are economically beneficial.
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Wu, Heng, Shengdong Cheng, Zhanbin Li, Ganggang Ke, and Hangyu Liu. "Study on Soil Water Infiltration Process and Model Applicability of Check Dams." Water 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2022): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111814.
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As the primary ecological construction measure on the Loess Plateau, check dams play an essential role in developing agricultural production, improving people’s production and life, and replenishing groundwater. Soil water infiltration is the most important way to replenish groundwater in the dam land. In order to investigate the water infiltration process of check dams, an empirical model suitable for the simulation of the dam land infiltration process was selected. The soil water infiltration process of the check dam was studied by a field test and a model simulation. The results showed that there were few macropores in the dam, and the water mainly moved downwards in the form of matrix flow. Moreover, the stable infiltration rate of the dam site was low, and its infiltration process could be divided into three stages: rapid infiltration, fluctuating infiltration, and stable infiltration. In addition, the infiltration rate of a non-silted dense layer was 2.4~5 times that of a silted dense layer. The Horton model had a good fitting effect on the water infiltration process of the check dam and thus was suitable for the simulation and prediction of the water infiltration process of the dam. The results can provide a theoretical basis for efficient soil water utilization and infiltration simulation of check dam land.
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Nifen, Silta Yulan, and Afif Dzaky Almy. "KAJIAN STRUKTUR CHECK DAM 3 BATANG HULU KURANJI KOTA PADANG STUDY OF CHECK DAM STRUCTURE 3 BATANG HULU KURANJI PADANG CITY." Ensiklopedia of Journal 3, no. 4 (July 19, 2021): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33559/eoj.v3i4.770.
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Batang Kuranji is a river located in Kota Padang. The high rainfall and human factors that cause changes in characteristics, especially in the upstream area make the water from the flow of kuranji stems in the rainy season often overflows, and cause flash floods, therefore built Check Dam at the head of the river batang kuranji to prevent the shallowing of the riverbed. Thisresearch aims toreview the structure of the Check Dam 3 building on Batang Kuranji in the city of Padang. This study refers to SNI 2851:2015 with rainfall data for 15 years used from 2005 to 2019, with batu busuk observation station and rice fields obtained from PSDA. Luas DAS is obtained from ArcGIS Applications. Dari hydroligi analysis obtained rainfall plan (R100th) 153,152 m3/dt with Gumbel method, Discharge flood plan for the 100 year anniversary period used Haspers method obtained (Q100th) 165.19 m3/dt. The type of Check Dam that is planned is the type of pelimpah (head work) with a height of Check Dam 8.5 m. Tilt of the body at the upstream 0.6, the distance between the main dam and sub dam 25.2 m, the thickness of the apron floor 1.6 m, with an estimated volume of sediment flow that can be accommodated by 14797.6 m3. The stability of the Check Dam construction was obtained at a value of 3.43 >1.5 and a sliding of 1.53 > 1.5 with a safety coefficient of 1.5, so that the construction of the Check Dam was stable.
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Tang, Honglei, Qihua Ran, and Jihui Gao. "Physics-Based Simulation of Hydrologic Response and Sediment Transport in a Hilly-Gully Catchment with a Check Dam System on the Loess Plateau, China." Water 11, no. 6 (June 2, 2019): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061161.
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Check dams are among of the most widespread and effective engineering structures for conserving water and soil in the Loess Plateau since the 1950s, and have significantly modified the local hydrologic responses and landforms. A representative small catchment was chosen as an example to study the influences of check dams. A physics-based distributed model, the Integrated Hydrology Model (InHM), was employed to simulate the impacts of check dam systems considering four scenarios (pre-dam, single-dam, early dam-system, current dam-system). The results showed that check dams significantly alter the water redistribution in the catchment and influence the groundwater table in different periods. It was also shown that gully erosion can be alleviated indirectly due to the formation of the expanding sedimentary areas. The simulated residual deposition heights (Δh) matched reasonably well with the observed values, demonstrating that physics-based simulation can help to better understand the hydrologic impacts as well as predicting changes in sediment transport caused by check dams in the Loess Plateau.
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Huzita, Tomohumi, and Chihiro Kayo. "Regional Economic Impacts from Timber Check Dam Construction—A Comparison with Concrete Check Dam Construction, Part II: The Question of Premium Vouchers." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030347.
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The regional economic impacts of the construction of timber and concrete check dams in Akita prefecture, Japan, were compared. When functions are appropriately unified, a concrete check dam is cheaper to build than a timber one; the difference in construction costs can be used by the government to issue premium vouchers as a regional promotion measure. To evaluate the effect of this, we extended the latest input–output table for Akita Prefecture to include timber and concrete check dam construction sectors. Concrete check dam construction with premium-voucher issuance had a total effect of 46,064,000 yen (economic impact ratio: 1.49; increased employment: 4.68 people). It also had an indirect economic impact on the plywood sector, since plywood was used as formwork, and issuing premium vouchers had a ripple effect on many industries in the region. However, timber check-dam construction had a total effect of 57,706,000 yen (economic impact ratio: 1.86; increased employment: 5.11 people) and a larger effect on the timber, logs, and silviculture sectors. Therefore, despite higher initial costs, timber check dam construction has the greater economic and employment impact on a region through its large ripple effects on the forestry and wood industries.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Check dam"
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Herzfeld, Zachary Andrew. "Effects of Spatially Distributed Stream Power on Check Dam Function in Small Upland Watersheds: a Case Study of the Upper Laja Watershed, Guanajuato, Mexico." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3375.
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Watershed restoration comes in a variety of forms depending on which set of problems are sought to be remedied. Severe soil erosion, in the form of gullying and/or headcutting, can be mitigated through constructing check dams in well-selected locations. This practice has been used throughout the upland subwatersheds within the Upper Laja River watershed in Guanajuato, México. The present study employed Wolman pebble counts to systematically assess the effectiveness of 21 check dams located near the city of San Miguel de Allende. Particle size distributions taken directly downstream and upstream of each check dam were differentiated, aggregated and compared--with the difference between median particle size of downstream and upstream distributions defined as DsD50-UsD50. Several subwatershed attributes were calculated in a GIS for comparison to DsD50-UsD50 values. Results indicate that, on aggregate, the check dams studied were moderately successful at retaining sediment that becomes entrained in concentrated flow (DsD50-UsD50 = 15.4 mm; p < 0.001). Individually, 18 of the 21 check dams surveyed had statistically significant differences between DsD50 and UsD50 (p < 0.05). The subwatershed variables of local channel slope (r = 0.55), mean subwatershed slope (r = 0.46), subwatershed area (r = 0.59), distance from channel head (r = 0.54), percent canopy cover (r = 0.46), Qmed (r = 0.46), total stream power (r = 0.58), and change in total stream power (r = -0.45) were found to be statistically significant when correlated with DsD50-UsD50 values (p < 0.05). Change in total stream power was used to classify stream reaches as either erosion or deposition-dominated. When compared, the DsD50-UsD50 values from check dams located in erosion and deposition-dominated reaches are statistically different (p < 0.05); higher performing check dams were predominantly found in deposition-dominated reaches. The results of this study suggest that spatially distributed stream power can be used as a variable for making decisions about future check dam locations. In particular, check dams are more likely to be effective if they are located within deposition-dominated areas (negative change in total stream power) and in areas of decreasing change in total stream power. In general, this study's findings also support locating check dams in second order streams.
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Hala, Mario. "Posouzení přehrad za povodní." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227757.
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The Diploma thesis deals with the safety assesment of the small water reservoir Bartošovice III during the floods, according to requirments of TNV 75 2935 (technical standard). First two chapters are devoted to the description of the dam purpose. Following chapter deals with the summary of basic information and documentation, including hydraulic analysis. In the following section maximum permissible safe water level is determined together with the maximum check flood water level in reservoir which reflects the flood wave transformation. In the final evaluation the comparison of the maximum permissible safe water level with maximum check flood level is carried out. At the end of the thesis recommendations leading to ensuring of reliability and safety of water reservoir are listed.
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Piton, Guillaume. "Sediment transport control by check dams and open check dams in Alpine torrents." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU041/document.
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Barrages de corrections torrentielles et plages de dépôts jouent un rôle clés dans la protection contre les crues des torrents. Leurs gestionnaires ont pour mission de réduire les risques d'inondations, mais doivent désormais aussi minimiser les impacts environnementaux liés aux ouvrages de protection. Ceci nécessite une meilleure compréhension des effets des barrages de corrections torrentielles et des plages de dépôts sur le transport sédimentaire des torrents. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans cet objectif et se décompose en deux parties. Sa section sur l'état de l'art présente: i) les différents effets des barrages de correction torrentielle sur la production et le transfert sédimentaire; ii) des descriptions des processus hydrauliques et de sédimentation ayant lieu dans les plages de dépôts; et iii) les processus liés à la production et au transfert de bois d'embâcle. Une nouvelle méthode de quantification de la production sédimentaire des torrents complète cet état de l’art.La seconde partie de cette thèse présente le travail réalisé en banc d’essai expérimental. Une première série d’expérience a permis de mettre en évidence un transport par charriage plus régulier lorsque des barrages de correction torrentielle sont ajoutés à un bief alluvial. Une seconde série d’essais a été réalisée sur un modèle générique de plage de dépôt dans l’objectif d’en caractériser les écoulements. Pour cela, une nouvelle procédure de mesure et de reconstruction par approche inverse a été développée. Il en résulte une description des caractéristiques d’un écoulement proche du régime critique, ainsi que des mécanismes de rétrocontrôle entre morphologie et hydraulique pendant la phase de dépôtCheck dams and open check dams are key structures in torrent hazard protection. Their managers must mitigate flood hazards, but now must also minimize the environmental impacts of these protection structures. This requires to improve the knowledge on the effects of check dams and open check dams on the sediment transport, and this thesis forms a contribution towards this end.The section on the current state of research reviews i) the diverse effects of check dams on sediment production and transfer; ii) descriptions of the hydraulics and sedimentation processes occurring in open check dams; and iii) woody debris production and trapping processes. This state of the art is completed with proposition of new bedload transport estimation methods, specifically developed for paved streams experiencing external supply or armour breaking.Experimental results are then provided. Firstly, flume experiments highlight the emergence of a more regular bedload transport when check dams are built in alluvial reaches. In a second stage, experiments were performed on a generic Froude scale model of an open check dam basin in order to capture the features of laterally-unconstrained, highly mobile flows. A new flow measurement and inverse-reconstruction procedure has been developed. A preliminary analysis of the results describes flows that tend toward a critical regime and the occurrence of feedback mechanisms between geomorphology and hydraulics during massive bedload deposition
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Clarke, Christopher. "Cross check survey : World Commission on Dams." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4835.
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Bibliography: pages 71-72.The World Commission on Dams (WCD) has completed a global survey of the performance, impacts and decision-making aspects of 125 large dam projects - th Cross-Check Survey. The primary aim of the Survey was to determine broad patterns and trends indicative of past performance, impacts and decision-making aspects of a selection of large dams that reflect the global population. Consequently, the findings of the Survey provided a link between the broad patterns and trends emerging at a global and regional level and the more in-depth findings provided by the other components of the WCD knowledge base. Thus, the Survey provided an entry point to "cross-check" the collective evidence to the WCD knowledge base - comprised of over 900 topic-related written submission, four regional consultations and workshops, 17 thematic reviews, 11 case studies and three country studies. The Cross-Check Survey sought to inform the WCD knowledge base on large dams in a responsible and consequential way but without any claims for being necessarily complete.
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Luís, Maria Fátima Jorge dos Reis. "Estudo descritivo das principais doenças dos cães seniores da Animalcare." Bachelor's thesis, Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas - Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/39911.
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O presente relatório é referente ao estágio realizado no âmbito da licenciatura em
Enfermagem Veterinária da Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas e descreve as atividades realizadas
na clínica veterinária Animalcare durante as 12 semanas previstas para a concretização do
mesmo. No decorrer do estágio a aluna teve a oportunidade de, por um lado, consolidar os
conhecimentos adquiridos no referido curso e, por outro, aplicá-los à prática clínica de animais
de companhia. Nas suas funções como enfermeira estagiária teve a oportunidade de executar
diferentes tarefas, nomeadamente, nas áreas de cirurgia e laboratório, internamento, consulta
e receção. Paralelamente, a estagiária realizou um estudo descritivo de cães seniores (maiores
de 6 anos de idade) assistidos pela clínica mencionada, entre março de 2020 e março de 2021,
complementado com um questionário direcionado aos tutores destes animais. Estes estudos
tiveram como objetivos verificar a prevalência de animais que realizam check-up, identificar as
patologias mais frequentes dos animais presentes às consultas na clínica Animalcare; analisar os
dados obtidos em comparação com as referências teóricas consultadas; analisar as
considerações que os tutores têm em relação aos seus animais, para, finalmente, criar um
plano de saúde para animais seniores adequado às necessidades destes animais. Das patologias
analisadas as mais frequentes foram a músculo-esquelética e a cardiovascular, o que está
relacionado com as respostas do questionário, no qual os tutores referem como alterações
comportamentais as interligadas com o sistema locomotor. Para a elaboração da proposta do
plano de saúde, a estagiária foi aprofundar os conhecimentos relativamente à importância do
check-up sénior, as principais patologias, as raças mais predisponentes e a sua prevenção.The present report refers to the internship carried out under the degree in Veterinary Nursing at the Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas and describes the activities carried out at the Animalcare veterinary clinic during the 12 weeks foreseen for its completion. During the internship, the student had the opportunity, on the one hand, to consolidate the knowledge acquired during that course and, on the other, to apply it to the clinical practice of companion animals. In her duties as a trainee nurse, she can perform different tasks, namely, in the areas of surgery and laboratory, hospitalization, consultation, and reception. At the same time, the intern conducted a retrospective study of senior and geriatric dogs that attended the aforementioned clinic, between March 2020 and March 2021, complemented with a questionnaire addressed to the guardians of these animals, older than the age of 6. These studies aimed to understand the need for check-ups and the most prevalent pathologies in senior and geriatric animals, check the most prevalent pathologies at the Animalcare clinic, compare theoretical references with the results obtained, and analyze the considerations that the guardians have about their pets (senior and geriatric dogs) to, finally, create a health plan for senior animals, adequate to the needs of the sample. From the analyzed pathologies, the ones that stood out the most were the musculoskeletal and the cardiovascular, which are related to the answers of the form, which the guardians refer to as behavior changes related to the locomotive system. To this end, the intern went to deepen her knowledge regarding the importance of senior check-up, the main pathologies, the most predisposing breeds, and their prevention.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Santos, Flávia Alexandra da Silva. "Avaliação das práticas de segurança alimentar em estabelecimentos da zona oeste." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17827.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaAtualmente a população frequenta com regularidade estabelecimentos de restauração, tais como “Cafés”, “Padarias/Pastelarias” e “Restaurantes”, encontrando-se estes muito próximos do consumidor final, que confia nas suas práticas relativamente à manipulação e confeção dos alimentos. Estes estabelecimentos devem garantir a higiene e a segurança dos produtos alimentares aos seus clientes, respondendo a obrigações legais e cumprindo com os requisitos do sistema HACCP. Nem sempre os responsáveis dos estabelecimentos têm os conhecimentos necessários para a execução dos requisitos anteriormente referidos, surgindo as auditorias internas de primeira parte, realizadas por uma empresa externa, como uma solução. Apoiando as empresas e formando os manipuladores em todos os requisitos necessários para uma eficaz implementação e manutenção do Sistema HACCP. A realização deste trabalho teve como principal objetivo avaliar as condições de higiene e Segurança Alimentar de 151 estabelecimentos de restauração pública da zona Oeste, com o auxílio de uma Check-List, aplicada in loco durante as auditorias. Os resultados obtidos da Check-List foram discutidos de acordo com o Regulamento (CE) nº 852 de 29 de Abril de 2004, e demonstraram um valor global de cumprimento entre os 54% a 63%. Verificando-se que as Não Conformidades encontravam-se maioritariamente relacionadas com os tópicos onde foram avaliados os “Funcionários” e o “Controlo Laboratorial”. No último caso observou-se um incumprimento por parte de 73% dos estabelecimentos. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para a perceção das não conformidades mais frequentes nos estabelecimentos “Cafés”, “Padarias/Pastelarias” e “Restaurantes”, permitindo uma atuação mais eficaz e focada nos parâmetros mais críticos, contribuindo desta forma para uma maior segurança do produto final servido ao consumidor
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Gonçalves, Juliana Macedo. "Avaliação das boas práticas adotadas nas cozinhas hospitalares da cidade de Pelotas/RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2212.
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Previous issue date: 2012-04-11Em unidades hospitalares, vários critérios são estabelecidos com a finalidade de recuperar a saúde do paciente, entre elas o consumo da alimentação hospitalar, que deve estar adequada do ponto de vista higiênico e sanitário. A legislação sanitária brasileira exige dos estabelecimentos produtores e/ou manipuladores de alimentos a implantação das Boas Práticas, que são procedimentos padronizados que visam prevenir o surgimento de toxinfecções alimentares. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação diagnóstica das condições de aplicação das Boas Práticas em cozinhas hospitalares da cidade de Pelotas-RS. Foram estudados quatro hospitais dentre os cinco que atendem a população da cidade e região. No primeiro artigo foram avaliadas as condições de Boas Práticas nas cozinhas hospitalares por meio da aplicação de um check list e interpretação dos dados comparando com as normas da Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada nº. 216 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Refeições Coletivas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a maioria dos itens avaliados em ambas as classificações, apresentou percentuais de adequação satisfatórios, em todos os hospitais, exceto para os itens armazenamento e transporte nos hospitais A e B e manejo de resíduos no hospital A. No segundo artigo, foram realizadas análises microbiológicas, a fim de avaliar as condições higiênicas e sanitárias e comparar os resultados com os dados obtidos no check list. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas mostraram riscos em relação à qualidade da água, do ar e de mãos de manipuladores de alimentos. Por outro lado, os dados colhidos na aplicação do check list não apontaram os mesmos riscos encontrados nas análises microbiológicas.
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Jamil, Nor Eliea Eluziea. "Field evaluation of hydrologic and water quality benefits of grass swales with check dams for managing highway runoff." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9237.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Bussi, Gianbattista. "Implementation of a distributed sediment model in different data availability scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/36534.
Full textAbstract:
Soil erosion by water can cause agricultural soil losses, desertification, water pollution, reservoir
sedimentation, local excess of erosion (such as bridge scour) or deposition, etc. For this reason, the
assessment of soil erosion and sediment transport is a key component of integrated catchment
management. One of the most useful and up-to-date tools available to catchment managers for soil
erosion and sediment transport assessment is distributed modelling. During the last few decades, many
sedimentological distributed models were developed and applied for a wide range of climates and
basins. Their main advantage is that they allow spatial interpolation or extrapolation of their results.
Nevertheless, their use is still limited by some constraints. One of the most relevant limitations to the
use of such models is the lack of recorded sediment transport data to be used for model calibration and
validation. It is widely recognised that both sediment discharge series and soil erosion measurements
are only available in a few and small- to medium-size experimental catchments. The aim of this
dissertation is to investigate the possibility of using reservoir sedimentation data as a source of proxy
information for sedimentological model calibration and validation. In order to carry out this task, a
distributed sedimentological model called TETIS was tested in set of catchments with different sediment
data availability. First of all, the TETIS model, developed over the last years by the research group of
hydrological and environmental modelling of the Technical University of Valencia, is described,
especially focusing on the new features developed within this dissertation (sedimentological sub-model
automatic calibration algorithm, small pond sediment retention module, etc.). Then, the model is
applied to three catchments with different sediment data availability. The first case-study is the
Goodwin Creek catchment (Mississippi, US), an experimental catchment with high sediment transport
data availability. The model performance is evaluated, and some considerations are made on the
estimation of the sediment volume deposited into the drainage network at the beginning of a rainstorm.
The second case-study is the Rambla del Poyo catchment (Valencia, Spain), a medium size semi-arid
catchment draining to a coastal lagoon with severe sedimentation problems. The TETIS sedimentological
sub-model is calibrated and validated using check-dam sedimentation volumes as an estimator of the
total sediment transport. A detailed description of the alluvial stratigraphy infilling a check dam that
drains a 12.9 km2
sub-catchment was used as indirect information of sediment yield data. A further
application was also developed in this catchment in order to investigate the possibility of calibrating and
validating both the hydrological and the sediment sub-models by using reservoir sedimentation volumes
and employing neither water nor sediment discharge direct records. The third case-study is the Ésera
River catchment (Huesca, Spain), a 1,500 km2 Pyrenean catchment drained by a large reservoir. The
depositional history of the reservoir was reconstructed and used for sediment sub-model
implementation. The model results were compared with gauged suspended sediment data in order to
verify model robustness. The results of this dissertation indicate that TETIS model is a robust tool which
provides a reliable reconstruction of the catchment sediment cycle. Its implementation is subject to data
availability, both for parameter estimation and for model calibration and validation. Nevertheless, this
dissertation proved that sediment records can be replaced by reservoir sedimentation volumes with
satisfactory results, taking into account reservoir trap efficiency and sediment dry bulk density. Two
modelling approaches were proposed for sediment model implementation, depending on the data
availability. These methodologies proved to be consistent and provided a correct estimation of the
sediment transport. Nevertheless, further research is needed to address model limitations and to
reduce model results uncertaintyBussi, G. (2014). Implementation of a distributed sediment model in different data availability scenarios [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36534
Alfresco
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SHRESTHA, Badri Bhakta. "Study on Mitigation Measures against Debris Flow Disasters with Driftwood." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/85379.
Full textAbstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14913号
工博第3140号
新制||工||1471(附属図書館)
27351
UT51-2009-M827
京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻
(主査)教授 中川 一, 教授 関口 秀雄, 教授 藤田 正治
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Books on the topic "Check dam"
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Phrarātchadamri, Khana Thamngān Rūam Kānpatibatngān Phatthanā Mūbān Chonnabot nai Khrōngkān ʻAnnư̄angmā čhāk. Khrōngkān ronnarong sāng fāi tonnam khanāt lek (check dam) læ fǣk ʻannư̄angmā čhāk phrarātchadamri chalœ̄m phrakīat Phrabāt Somdet Phračhaoyūhūa nai warōkāt mahā mongkhon songkhrō̜ng rāt pen pī thī 60. Chiang Mai]: Khana Thamngān Rūam Kānpatibatngān Phatthanā Mūbān Chonnabot nai Khrōngkān ʻAnnư̄angmā čhāk Phrarātchadamri, 2010.
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Carmelo, Consesa Garcia, and Lenzi Mario A, eds. Check dams, morphological adjustments, and erosion control in torrential streams. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2009.
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Sterpellone, Luciano. Cristoforo Colombo: Check-up di una scoperta : echi medici dal Nuovo Mondo. Roma: A. Delfino, 1992.
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Chick 'n' Pug: The love pug. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015.
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Services, Virginia Department of Social. Report on national fingerprint criminal history background checks: To the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond: Commonwealth of Virginia, 2014.
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B, Gorman John. Child care background checks: How to effectively protect your child from dangerous baby sitters, nannies, and other care givers. Richmond: Gorman Graphics, 1993.
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Li, Zhanbin, Peng Li, Yang Yu, Peng Shi, and Guillaume Piton, eds. Check Dam Construction for Sustainable Watershed Management and Planning. Wiley, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119742449.
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Li, Peng, Peng Shi, Yang Yu, Zhanbin Li, and Guillaume Piton. Check Dam Construction for Sustainable Watershed Management and Planning. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.
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Bowman, Steve D. Leighton's High Sierra Check Dam Legacy: A Photographic Journal. Xlibris, 2006.
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Li, Peng, Peng Shi, Yang Yu, Zhanbin Li, and Guillaume Piton. Check Dam Construction for Sustainable Watershed Management and Planning. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2022.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Check dam"
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Armanini, Aronne, Francesco Dellagiacoma, and Luigi Ferrari. "From the check dam to the development of functional check dams." In Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Regions, 331–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0011200.
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Dreger, Charlotte, Erik Bollaert, Olivier Stauffer, and Yves Châtelain. "Check Dam Behavior Under Extreme Circumstances at Villeneuve (Switzerland)." In Advances in Hydroinformatics, 199–212. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5436-0_16.
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Xu, Xiangzhou, Tongxin Zhu, Hongwu Zhang, and Lu Gao. "Sediment-Storage Effects of Check-Dam System in the Small Watershed." In Experimental Erosion, 113–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3801-8_8.
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Nagl, Georg, and Johannes Hübl. "A Check-Dam to Measure Debris Flow-Structure Interactions in the Gadria Torrent." In Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides, 465–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53483-1_55.
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Zou, Yuhua, Kaiheng Hu, Xiaoqing Chen, and Wei Zhong. "Efficiency of Slot-Check Dam Group on Debris Flow Control in Shengou Basin, Kunming, China." In Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment, 37–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_7.
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Satheeshkumar, S., and S. Venkateswaran. "Impact Assessment of Check Dam in the Pappiredipatti Watershed (South India) Using LULC and NDVI Signatures." In Geography of the Physical Environment, 267–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79634-1_12.
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Lucas-Borja, Manuel E., Demetrio A. Zema, Yang Yu, Mary Nichols, Giuseppe Bombino, Pietro Denisi, Antonino Labate, et al. "Influence of Site and Check Dam Characteristics on Sediment Retention and Structure Conservation in a Mexican River." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 99–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39299-4_11.
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Sun, Weiying, and Pan Zhang. "Study on cascade effect of combined sediment retention of gully check dam system in Loess small watershed." In Advances in Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, 40–44. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003349648-6.
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Sekhar, Shashi, Nitu Singh, Mini Tiwari, Raj Kumar Sharma, Vikash Ahlawat, and Rajeev Kumar. "Assessment of Prospective Check Dam Sites in Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar, with Integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geospatial Techniques." In Conservation, Management and Monitoring of Forest Resources in India, 539–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98233-1_20.
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Sodnik, Jošt, Manica Martinčič, Matjaž Mikoš, and Andrej Kryžanowski. "Are Torrent Check-Dams Potential Debris-Flow Sources?" In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 2, 485–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_79.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Check dam"
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Zhao, Ye, Shengdong Cheng, and Wenping Wu. "Dam Height Determination Model of Check Dam based on Overtopping Risk Theory." In The 10th International Symposium on Project Management, China. Riverwood, NSW, Australia: Aussino Academic Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/065147-0030.
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Le, Maohua, Qingchao Guo, Zhijian Wang, and Lei Zhang. "Erosion Mechanism of Dam Lands and Flow Characteristics of Dam Breaks under Check-Dam-Break Conditions." In 2021 7th International Conference on Hydraulic and Civil Engineering & Smart Water Conservancy and Intelligent Disaster Reduction Forum (ICHCE & SWIDR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichceswidr54323.2021.9656199.
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Hu, Haihua, Anjun Deng, Zuwen Ji, Zhandi Dong, and Dangwei Wang. "Study on relative stability of check dam system." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-184.
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Lin, Xueping, Yong You, Jinfeng Liu, and Yanbo Zhao. "A tentative study on the stability of a check dam." In International Conference on Earth Science and Environmental Protection (ICESEP2013). Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icesep130081.
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Guo, Liang, Jianhua Gong, Jun Sun, and Xiangwang Wei. "A collaborative distributed GIS framework for check-dam planning and management." In 2010 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2010.5567654.
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Tundia, Chintan, Rajiv Kumar, Om Damani, and G. Sivakumar. "The MIS Check-Dam Dataset for Object Detection and Instance Segmentation Tasks." In 17th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010799600003124.
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Zhong Wei and Chen Xiao-Qing. "Mechanism of Cross-Feed Action between Check Dam Structure and Upper Shallow Landslide." In 2013 Fifth International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2013.172.
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Wang Guozhong, Mei Yadong, Shuang Rui, and Qu Jiangang. "Applying radial basis function(RBF) neural network to predict the sediment deposited from check dam." In 2011 3rd International Conference on Computer Research and Development (ICCRD). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccrd.2011.5764274.
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Sun, Wei, Lin Chen, and Jian Song. "An Improved DAD Check Scheme MLD-Based in FHMIPv6." In 2007 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cis.2007.183.
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Bannikov, Anton, and Viktor Gordeev. "NONLINEAR SYSTEMATIC ERRORS IN BOREHOLE INCLINOMETER MEASUREMENTS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s02.016.
Full textAbstract:
Research Object and Relevance. Inclinometer measurements occupy an important place in geotechnical monitoring of hydraulic structures. Borehole inclinometers are used on tailings dams - they allow you to determine horizontal displacements, shifts, curvature of the casing pipe throughout its entire depth. An important part of the processing of initial data is the identification of various systematic errors. The authors of the article faced the problem of interpreting the displacements at the tailings dam of The Erdenet Mining Corporation - after the standard linear correction, some boreholes had arcuate displacements inexplicable from the point of view of geomechanics throughout their depth. Our first assumption was that this was caused by unaccounted for measurement errors. In March 2022, four series of inclinometer measurements were carried out within one day at the deepest borehole of the observation station in the main direction. Based on the results of the obtained data, non-linear systematic errors were identified. Research Methods. The article shows the functional dependencies of the main sources of systematic errors in inclinometric measurements: sensitivity drift, bias shift, rotation error, depth positioning error. We used a parametric adjustment with the inclusion of a systematic error model. This approach allows not only to determine the quantitative values of systematic errors, but also to evaluate their quality and check for statistical significance using a t-test. Results. As a result of the study, statistically significant systematic non-linear errors of inclinometer measurements were revealed. Statistically, this error is well described by dependence on the square of the interval number. They can also be partly attributed to the rotation error and the depth error (it may be better to define these errors as rotation sensitivity and sensitivity to the installation of the pulley on the casing head). Also in the article, we show graphs of residual errors and Q-Q plots for borehole position error without correction and with the corrections discussed in the article. The linear component of the systematic error was up to 0.065 mm per measurement interval. The non-linear systematic error was up to 0.018 sq. mm. Conclusion. As shown in this article, finding and correcting only a linear error does not allow one to be satisfied with the result (clearly seen on the Q-Q plots). It should be noted that if linear systematic errors affect the determination of displacements and shifts, then non-linear errors also distort information about changes in the curvature of the borehole. At the same time, in order to apply the method proposed by the authors for identifying nonlinear systematic errors between series of observations, strict consistency with the geomechanical model of potential deformation of the monitored object is required.
Reports on the topic "Check dam"
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Herzfeld, Zachary. Effects of Spatially Distributed Stream Power on Check Dam Function in Small Upland Watersheds: A Case Study of the Upper Laja Watershed, Guanajuato, Mexico. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5266.
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Garganta, Santiago, María Florencia Pinto, and Joaquín Zentner. Extended School Day and Teenage Fertility in Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004496.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the potential impact of extended school days in reducing teenage fertility. We study the Jornada Escolar Extendida program, which doubled the school-day length from 4 to 8 hours in the Dominican Republic, and exploit the geographic and time variation induced by its gradual implementation. We find evidence that a higher exposure to JEE in the municipality, measured as the percentage of secondary students covered by the program, reduces the incidence of teenage pregnancies, and that the effect is stronger after the program has reached at least half of secondary students in the municipality. The estimates are robust to various specifications and alternative checks. These results suggest that extended school-day policies can have spillover effects regarding teenagers fertility choices.
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Wong, Eric A., and Zehava Uni. Nutrition of the Developing Chick Embryo: Nutrient Uptake Systems of the Yolk Sac Membrane and Embryonic Intestine. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697119.bard.
Full textAbstract:
We have examined the developmental changes in composition, amount, and uptake of yolk nutrients (fat, protein, water and carbohydrates) and the expression ofnutrient transporters in the yolk sac membrane (YSM) from embryonic day 11 (Ell) to 21 (E21) and small intestine from embryonic day 15 (E15) to E21 in embryos from young (22-25 wk) and old (45-50 wk) Cobb and Leghorn breeder flocks. The developmental expression profiles for the peptide transporter 1 (PepTl), the amino acid transporters, EAAT3, CAT-1 and BOAT, the sodium glucose transporter (SGLTl), the fructose transporter (GLUT5), the digestive enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and sucraseisomaltase (SI) were assayed by the absolute quantification real time PCR method in the YSM and embryonic intestine. Different temporal patterns of expression were observed for these genes. The effect of in ovo injection of peptides (the dipeptide Gly-Sar, purified peptides, trypsin hydrolysate) on transporter gene expression has been examined in the embryonic intestine. Injection of a partial protein hydrolysate resulted in an increase in expression of the peptide transporter PepT2. We have initiated a transcriptome analysis of genes expressed in the YSM at different developmental ages to better understand the function of the YSM.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
Full textAbstract:
Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Halevy, Orna, Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni, and Israel Rozenboim. Enhancement of meat production by monochromatic light stimuli during embryogenesis: effect on muscle development and post-hatch growth. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586471.bard.
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The original objectives were: A. To determine the critical embryonic age for monochromatic green light stimulation. B. To follow the ontogeny of embryos exposed to monochromatic green light vs. darkness. C. To investigate the effects of monochromatic green light illumination on myoblast and fiber development in the embryo. D. To investigate the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on growth and meat production. E. To evaluate the direct effect of monochromatic green light on cultured embryonic and adult myoblasts. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monochromatic light stimuli during incubation period of broilers on muscle development and satellite cell myogenesis. Based on previous studies (Halevy et al., 1998; Rozenboim et al., 1999) that demonstrated the positive effects of green-light illumination on body and muscle growth, we hypothesized that monochromatic light illumination accelerates embryo and muscle development and subsequently enhances muscle growth and meat production. Thus, further decreases management costs. Under the cooperation of the laboratories at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and University of Washington we have conducted the following: 1. We have established the critical stage for exposure to green monochromatic light which has the maximal effect on body and muscle growth (Objective A). We report that embryonic day 5 is optimal for starting illumination. The optimal regime of lighting that will eliminate possible heat effects was evaluated by monitoring egg core temperature at various illumination periods. We found that intermitted lighting (15 min. on; 15 min. off) is optimal to avoid heat effects. 2. We have evaluated in detail gross changes in embryo development profile associated to green light stimuli vs. darkness. In addition, we have investigated the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on body and muscle growth (Objective B,D). 3. We have studied the expression profile of muscle regulatory proteins during chicken muscle cell differentiation in cultures using newly developed antibodies. This study paved the way for analyzing the expression of these proteins in our photo stimulation experiments (Objective C). 4. We have studied the pattern ofPax7 expression during myogenesis in the posthatch chicken. Experimental chick pectoralis muscles as well adult myoblast cultures were used in this study and the results led us to propose a novel model for satellite cell differentiation and renewal. 5. The effects of monochromatic green light illumination during embryogenesis have been studied. These studies focused on fetal myoblast and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation at pre- and posthatch periods and on the effects on the expression of muscle regulatory proteins which are involved in these processes. In addition, we have analyzed the effect of photo stimulation in the embryo on myofiber development at early posthatch (Objective C). 6. In follow the reviewers' comments we have not conducted Objective E. The information gathered from these studies is of utmost importance both, for understanding the molecular basis of muscle development in the posthatch chicks and for applied approach for future broiler management. Therefore, the information could be beneficial to agriculture in the short term on the one hand and to future studies on chick muscle development in the embryo and posthatch on the other hand.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.
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: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.
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The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.
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Prof. Paramala J Santosh ‘Mobile applications and wearable devices in assessing suicide risk’. ACAMH, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.10045.
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ACAMH members can now receive a CPD certificate for watching this recorded lecture. Simply email membership@acamh.org with the day and time you watch it, so we can check the analytics, and we’ll email you your certificate.
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Identifying and remediating children’s language difficulties – Professor Charles Hulme. ACAMH, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.13554.
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Professor Charles Hulme, Professor of Psychology and Education, University of Oxford discusses children's language difficulties. ACAMH members can now receive a CPD certificate for watching this recorded lecture. Simply email membership@acamh.org with the day and time you watch it, so we can check the analytics, and we'll email you your certificate.
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Assessment and Management of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Children and Adolescents. ACAMH, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.14115.
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'Assessment and Management of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Children and Adolescents' - Dr. Zoe Ellison-Wright. ACAMH members can now receive a CPD certificate for watching this recorded lecture. Simply email membership@acamh.org with the day and time you watch it, so we can check the analytics, and we’ll email you your certificate.