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Journal articles on the topic 'Chattels'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Ahmed-Ghosh, Huma. "Chattels of Society." Violence Against Women 10, no. 1 (January 2004): 94–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801203256019.

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2

Tettenborn, Andrew. "Reversionary Damage to Chattels." Cambridge Law Journal 53, no. 2 (July 1994): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300099074.

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To the annoyance of students and academics alike, the law of tort contains a number of awkward heads of liability which defy classification except under “Miscellaneous” or some similar rubric. This article explores one such: the action on the case for damage to the plaintiffs reversionary interest in a chattel. This oddly obscure head, of liability does not even have a generally-accepted name (in this article it is christened, for brevity, “reversionary damage”). It is traditionally dismissed by the text-books in a paragraph or two; the leading cases on it are rarely cited; and yet in practice it is a highly important aspect of the law of personal property without which the owner's protection would be seriously incomplete.
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3

Balganesh, Shyamkrishna. "Property along the Tort Spectrum: Trespass to Chattels and the Anglo-American Doctrinal Divergence." Common Law World Review 35, no. 2 (April 2006): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/clwr.2006.35.2.135.

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In attempting to apply the tort of trespass to chattels to the virtual world of the Internet, courts in the United States encountered a seemingly odd, yet significant doctrinal issue. While the traditional English action allowed for a claim without any showing of harm or damage (like it did for trespass to land), American (state) common law appeared to insist upon a showing of ‘actual damage to the chattel’ before the tort became actionable. This article undertakes a conceptual analysis of the tort of trespass to chattels, focusing on the difference between English and American common law on the requirement of actual damage. It then attempts to construct a theoretical argument for this doctrinal divergence, based on the vindicatory and corrective functions that the tort is presumed to perform and employs a transaction costs model from law and economics to rationalize the variance between the English and American versions of the tort. It concludes by noting that while there may indeed be efficiency gains to be had from the American version of the tort, the realization of the same may require greater certainty in the law's understanding of ‘damage’ and ‘harm’ than has been seen in the recent past.
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4

Chattopadhyay, Swati. "‘Goods, Chattels and Sundry Items’." Journal of Material Culture 7, no. 3 (November 2002): 243–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135918350200700301.

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5

Castellanos Ruiz, Mª José. "Comentarios a las resoluciones de la Dirección General de los Registros y del Notariado de 20 de diciembre de 2016, sobre la inscripción en el Registro de Bienes Muebles de Madrid de varios contratos de arrendamiento financiero sobre aeronaves = Comments to the “resoluciones” of the Dirección General de los Registros y del Notariado of december 20, 2016 on the access to the Chattels Registry in Madrid of several leasing contracts for aircrafts." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 9, no. 2 (October 5, 2017): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2017.3894.

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Resumen: Las Resoluciones de la DGRN de 20 diciembre 2016, abordan la cuestión del acceso de tres contratos de arrendamiento financiero de aeronaves al Registro de Bienes Muebles. La DGRN examina toda la normativa aplicable al Registro de Bienes Muebles, especialmente el Real Decreto384/2015, de 22 de mayo, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de matriculación de aeronaves civiles, pues uno de sus objetivos es la coordinación entre el Registro de Bienes Muebles y el Registro de Matrícula de Aeronaves Civiles. Sin embargo, este Real Decreto no soluciona totalmente los problemas que ya existían, con respecto a la inscripción en el Registro de Bienes Muebles de los contratos de arrendamiento financiero sobre aeronaves, pues siguen siendo de aplicación Leyes obsoletas, como es el caso del art. 180 del Reglamento del Registro Mercantil de 1956.Palabras clave: contratos de arrendamiento financiero, aeronaves civiles, Registro de Bienes Muebles, Registro de Matrícula de Aeronaves Civiles, Real Decreto 384/2015, Reglamento del Registro Mercantil de 1956.Abstract: The “Resoluciones” of the Dirección General de los Registros y del Notariado of December 20, 2016 faces the question of the access to the Chattels Registry of three leasing contracts. The Spanish DGRN examines all the regulations applicable to the Chattels Registry, especially Spanish “Real Decreto 384/2015”, of 22 May, which approves the Regulation of registration of civil aircraft, as one of its objectives is coordination between the Chattels Registry y the Aircraft Registry. However, the “Real Decreto 384/2015” doesn´t completely solve the problems that already existed, with respect to the registration of leasing of aircraft in the Chattels Registry, since they remain applicable obsolete laws, as is the case of art. 180 of the Spanish Regulation of “Registro Mercantil” of 1956.Keywords: leasing contracts, civil aircrafts, Chattels Registry, Aircraft Registry, Real Decreto 384/2015, Regulation of “Registro Mercantil” of 1956.s
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6

Nasarre-Aznar, Sergio. "Ownership at stake (once again): housing, digital contents, animals and robots." Journal of Property, Planning and Environmental Law 10, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jppel-12-2017-0040.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the questioning around the current suitability of ownership both for accessing to certain property (housing, to be more specific) and chattels (digital contents, animals and autonomous robots) that have recently flourished, favored by technological advances and the change in the values of the millennials’ in a context of crisis. Design/methodology/approach The process of substitution (e.g. through alternative housing tenures, such as intermediate tenures and collaborative housing, licensing digital contents) or erosion/elimination (e.g. owning animals and robots, tokenization through blockchain) of ownership through key types of property and chattels. Findings Ownership, both of land and goods, is again at the stake. Technological advances and/or new values of millennials in a context of crisis have led to questioning the suitability of ownership to favor universal access to housing, of holding music and other digital contents, have limited the faculties of animals’ and pets’ owners and are favoring the evolution of autonomous robots into subjects of law rather than mere objects. Research limitations/implications Only key property (housing) and chattels are studied (digital contents, animals, robots). There is no broad study of the global current situation of ownership. Practical implications It is discussed how the changes of values and technological advances in a context of crisis have impacted in the strength and reliability of ownership to allow access to property and chattels. Social implications These changes in ownership change how we can access to property (housing) and to chattels (digital media) and even to changes in what is considered “object” such as what is happening in Europe with animals and robots. Originality/value This is a new approach to consequences of the crisis in the field of housing (fractioning of ownership -temporal and shared ownership-, collaborative economy) and a change of values in the new millennial generation (animals) in this context and owing to the advance of the new technologies (robots). Is ownership again at the stake?
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7

Luther, Peter. "The foundations of Elitestone." Legal Studies 28, no. 4 (December 2008): 574–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2008.00102.x.

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The decision of the House of Lords in Elitestone v Morris [1997] 2 All ER 513 added an extra element to the traditional classification of objects brought onto land. The traditional classification divides such objects into chattels and fixtures. In Elitestone, Lord Lloyd of Berwick suggested, borrowing words from Woodfall on Landlord and Tenant, that it might be better to apply a threefold classification: chattels, fixtures and items which are ‘part and parcel of the land itself’. This paper explores the origins of this threefold classification, and suggests that there may be little, if any, historical basis for the new third category; it may owe its origins to the confusion which has surrounded the various meanings of the word ‘fixture’. The paper also investigates how the decision in Elitestone has been applied by later courts, and suggests that it is unlikely that it has made the judges' task any easier.
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8

Luther, P. "Fixtures and Chattels: A Question of More or Less..." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 597–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/24.4.597.

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9

Tettenborn, Andrew. "TRANSFER OF CHATTELS BY NON-OWNERS: STILL AN OPEN PROBLEM." Cambridge Law Journal 77, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 151–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197317000824.

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AbstractThe current law relating to the unauthorised dispositions of chattels is an arbitrary and unpredictable mess that has grown up haphazardly and piecemeal. In this connection we need a default rule that is straightforward rational and logical. Such a rule should follow three principles. First there should be a background rule of entrustment, whereby anyone entrusting another with goods takes the risk of subsequent misdealing. Secondly, this rule should apply to all proprietary interests and not simply to ownership. Thirdly, it should be open to exceptions where there is good reason to admit them, for example to accommodate specific schemes covering particular types of security interest.
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10

Freeman, Edward H. "Software Robots and Trespass to Chattels: eBay v. Bidder's Edge." Information Systems Security 10, no. 6 (January 2002): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/1086/43318.10.6.20020123/32816.2.

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11

Sohrabi, Amir, and Masoud Hajia. "Brucellosis: The Current Situation in Iran and Neighboring Countries." Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 5 (December 9, 2020): 763–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526519666190923163010.

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It is frequently discussed that Brucella spp is an endemic infection in Iran and the Middle Eastern countries. The average incidence of brucellosis rate has been increasing and the zoonotic infections like brucellosis are being easily transmitted in these lands through the trafficking of livestock and chattels. A survey has been conducted to evaluate the pitfalls surrounding the diagnostic and clinical exposures of brucellosis in developing and undeveloped countries.
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12

Copeland, Roy W. "The Nomenclature of Enslaved Africans as Real Property or Chattels Personal." Journal of Black Studies 40, no. 5 (August 7, 2008): 946–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934708320578.

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13

Jarvis, Anthea. "Kitted Out for Australia: Dress and Chattels for British Emigrants, 1840–70." Costume 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174963010x12662396505888.

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Over 1.5 million men, women and children emigrated from Britain to Australia and New Zealand in the second half of the nineteenth century. This paper explores how they coped with the privations of the voyage, and how they prepared themselves to make the best possible impression in their new country through their clothes.
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14

Gibbs, Dominic. "UP THE CREEK: AN EXERCISE IN COMMON SENSE FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL." Cambridge Law Journal 60, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197301730619.

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THE recent decision in Chelsea Yacht and Boat Co. Ltd. v. Pope [2000] 1 W.L.R. 1941 may be considered a timely reminder from the Court of Appeal that real property law applies to real property and not to chattels. The wonder of the case lies in how this, hardly particularly profound, proposition came to require two appeals for its elucidation, and how the learned judges in the District and West London County Courts came, in their desire to tread nimbly through the thickets of a short point of statutory interpretation, to lose sight of the particular wood into which they had wandered.
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15

Bellemore, Jane. "Cicero’s Retreat from Rome in Early 58 BC." Antichthon 42 (2008): 100–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400001866.

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In early 58, the tribune Clodius proposed a lex de capite civis Romani reaffirming the essence of an earlier lex Sempronia, that no Roman citizen should be put to death without a trial. Since Cicero, as consul in 63, had overseen the summary execution of five men, he was, without doubt, the target of Clodius’ rogation. On the day before the bill de capite civis Romani was voted upon, however, and at the insistence of friend and foe alike, Cicero departed from the city, but his ‘timely’ exit did not put an end to this episode. Very soon after his departure, chattels were removed from his estates under the aegis of the consuls, and his wife was subjected to financial harassment.
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16

Beckles, Hilary McD. "The colours of property: Brown, white and black chattels and their responses on the Caribbean frontier." Slavery & Abolition 15, no. 2 (August 1994): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440399408575125.

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17

Jiang, Yong Xiang, Bing Du, Pan Zhang, San Peng Deng, and Yu Ming Qi. "The Research of Chaos Time Series on Chatter Signal Recognition." Key Engineering Materials 584 (September 2013): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.584.137.

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The online detecting of chatter is the key technology to improve the machining quality. Based on the nonlinear chaos control theory in discrete dynamic system, the processing vibration signal discrete time series is taken as system nonlinear input, the C-C algorithm and correlation integral was used to determine appropriate embedding dim m and time delay τ. Then the phase space is reconstructed by discrete vibration signal. In milling chatters experiment, the time series analysis method is used to get the phase diagram before and after chatter. The chatter phase chart shows the characteristics of chaos and recognized the milling chatter.
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18

Ingersoll, Thomas N. "Slave Codes and Judicial Practice in New Orleans, 1718–1807." Law and History Review 13, no. 1 (1995): 23–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743955.

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Slave law in early Louisiana is of great interest because it was shaped by three major European legal traditions under the rule of France (1699 to 1769), Spain (1769 to 1803), and the United States (after 1803). In this article, the types and origins of slave laws in early Louisiana and their application in the slave society of New Orleans is examined. Several different imperial, local, and mixed codes were ordained in the colony to govern relations between masters and slaves, and these laws reveal either the political strategies of imperial policymakers or the social tactics of slaveowners, but very little about actual slave treatment. The administration of justice in New Orleans was mostly determined by the planters: local needs and ideals prevailed when they conflicted with those represented by the crown's laws, and the courts rarely interfered with the authority of indivdual slaveowners over their chattels.
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19

Saroha, Sourabh. "ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY FOR LINUX USER WITH BETTER SECURITY." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12285.

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Fortifying any Linux server is significant to safeguard the user information, highbrow chattels, and stretch, commencing from hackers. The coordination supervisor is in authority for safekeeping the Linux packet. Underneath maximum system formations, operator appellations, open sesame, FTP / tel-net / r-sh guidelines and relocated documentations be able to be seized by everyone programmed in the identical environment. To overcome this problem the user or the server can use secure shell, secure FTP, or file transfer protocol with transport layer security. The operating system can be protected more securely by using the above protocols. The security of the linux modules can be protected by using security enhancement technique, trappings numerous measures to avert unlicensed coordination convention. The safe keeping structural design rummage-sale is called Flask, and delivers a spotless different protection strategy and implementation. This paper is a gestalt of the Flask architecture and the execution in Linux.
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20

Ali, Mumtaz, and Aziz-ur Rehman. "Affirmative Action in the Forensic Arena: Pakistan's Perspective." Global Legal Studies Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(vi-i).07.

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Being a weaker stratum of society, special measures should be taken to protect women and children. It is a basic obligation of all and sundry to safeguard and uplift women and children, but in the Courts of Law, they are the least protected. When the stage of realization of the basic rights comes, the Courts treat them like chattels on one pretext or other, especially on the ground of judicial restraint. They are not given equal treatment with men; what to say about special treatment in the Courts in Pakistan. Although on paper, women and children are the most privileged persons at the end of the day, they are victims of the men-made game. Everyone has been watching it since the creation of Pakistan and will continue seeing it forever. This article will explore the fraud being played on women and children from a forensic perspective.
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21

Erat, Abdurrahim. "Design and Analysis of A Microwave Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) for Wireless Communication Applications." Academic Perspective Procedia 2, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.02.03.78.

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This paper presents the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna (MPA) which is modeled by placing several rectangular copper layer with conductive characteristics on a substrate material with dielectric constant 3.0 and 22x18x1 mm3 geometry. This microstrip path was designed with copper material which had a very thin thickness for patch and ground. In this study, a change in resonance frequency and return loss characteristics were observed for several substrate thickness values. The radiation characteristics of the single and dual band microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are analysed in the frequency range of 5 – 25 GHz. The microstrip patch antenna (MPA) radiate at a frequency of 15.32 GHz with -45 dB return loss. For the designed single and dual band MPA design, some electromagnetic properties such as return loss, surface current and radiation patterns were simulated. The characteristic of goods and chattels of the proposed antenna are analyzed by using the software CST Microwave Studio.
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22

Ponnaiah, Arjunan, Subadevi Rengapillai, Diwakar Karuppiah, Sivakumar Marimuthu, Wei-Ren Liu, and Chia-Hung Huang. "High Capacity Prismatic Type Layered Electrode with Anionic Redox Activity as an Efficient Cathode Material and PVdF/SiO2 Composite Membrane for a Sodium Ion Battery." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030662.

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A prismatic type layered Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode material for a sodium ion battery is prepared via two different methods viz., the solid state and sol–gel method with dissimilar surface morphology and a single phase crystal structure. It shows tremendous electrochemical chattels when studied as a cathode for a sodium-ion battery of an initial specific discharge capacity of 244 mAh g−1 with decent columbic efficiency of 98% up to 250 cycles, between the voltage range from 1.8 to 4.5 V (Na+/Na) at 0.1 C under room temperature. It is much higher than its theoretical value of 173 mAh g−1 and also than in the earlier reports (228 m Ah g−1). The full cell containing this material exhibits 800 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and withstands until 1000 cycles with the discharge capacity of 164 mAh g−1. The surpassing capacity was expected by the anionic (oxygen) redox process, which elucidates the higher capacity based on the charge compensation phenomenon.
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23

Md. Yousoff, Rohani. "Women and Beauty in Nordin Hassan's Plays." Malay Literature 26, no. 1 (June 8, 2013): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml.26(1)no6.

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Sasterawan Negara Dato (Dr.) Noordin Hassan has often been accused of being “women-struck” by critics who do not understand the meaning of beauty other than the physical aspect. The objective e of this paper is to clarify this misconception using the Islamic framework of analysis of the meanings of “women” and “beauty”. Noordin understands the need for balance in the life of mankind and the meaning of Divine Feminine to be an attribute of God. Women are neither chattels nor objects of admiration to be displayed by men, rather to be partners in life, mothers of future generations. Through his plays, Noordin has raised the level of women characters as leaders to demonstrate that the capability of mankind is not determined by gender but by the knowledge within. Raised by his mother, surrounded by other women in his growing years, it is no wonder that Noordin finds women of better quality than men, but only women of hasanah . Keywords: women, beauty, divine feminine, Islamic
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24

Manning, Patrick, and Roderick A. McDonald. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana." International Journal of African Historical Studies 28, no. 2 (1995): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221626.

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25

Kolchin, Peter, and Roderick A. McDonald. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana." Journal of American History 81, no. 4 (March 1995): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081702.

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26

Harris, Robert L., and Roderick A. McDonald. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana." African American Review 29, no. 3 (1995): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3042407.

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Reidy, Joseph P., and Roderick A. McDonald. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana." American Historical Review 100, no. 3 (June 1995): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168622.

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28

Mintz, Sidney W., and Roderick A. McDonald. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana." Journal of Southern History 61, no. 3 (August 1995): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2211881.

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29

Ward, J. R., and Roderick A. McDonald. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana." Economic History Review 48, no. 4 (November 1995): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2598159.

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30

Kumar, Chitra, Abbasriyaludeen Abdul Raheem, Karpagam Pandian, Vrinda Nandakumar, Ramasamy Shanmugam, and Chandrasekar Praveen. "Fine-tuning the optoelectronic chattels of fluoreno-thiophene centred molecular semiconductors through symmetric and asymmetric push–pull switch." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 18 (2019): 7015–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj00775j.

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31

Lichtenstein, Alex, and Roderick A. McDonald. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana." Hispanic American Historical Review 75, no. 1 (February 1995): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516797.

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32

Craton, Michael, and Roderick A. McDonald. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana." Journal of the Early Republic 14, no. 4 (1994): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124504.

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33

Tomich, Dale, and Roderick A. McDonald. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana." William and Mary Quarterly 52, no. 3 (July 1995): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2947318.

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34

Muthupradeepa, R., M. Sivakumar, R. Subadevi, V. Suriyanarayanan, M. Ramachandran, P. Rajkumar, and R. Yuvakkumar. "Physical and electrochemical chattels of phosphonium ionic liquid-based solid and gel-polymer electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 31, no. 24 (November 13, 2020): 22933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04820-7.

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35

Lichtenstein, Alex. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana." Hispanic American Historical Review 75, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-75.1.097.

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36

Herman, Shael. "Tout Fait Maison: A Law Code Crafted by the Eighteenth Century Jewry of Metz." Review of Rabbinic Judaism 21, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700704-12341336.

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Abstract This inquiry examines Le Recueil des Loix, Coutumes, et Usages Observes par les Juifs de Metz. Evocative of the medieval German Sachsenspiegel, the volume’s detailed regulations supply a rich portrait of a Jewish community in Alsace-Lorraine during the turbulent final decades of the ancien regime. While France evolved during these decades from feudalism to democracy, the Jews transitioned from serfs main-mortables or royal chattels to citizenship. Ideals of the emerging French democracy were imprinted upon the Code Napoleon (1805), a distinctively anti-feudal, secular expression of French citizens’ newfound autonomy. In contrast, the Recueil originated in an act of will on the part of the Jews’ overlords. In accordance with royal orders, it was deposited in the records of the royal court at Metz in about 1742; royal judges and members of the bar consulted the Recueil in all manner of disputes involving Jewish litigants and Jewish law. The Recueil, as the handiwork of eighteenth century Alsatian Jews, was unique in engrafting Jewish law and ethics upon French law of the ancien regime.
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37

Khanam, Taslima. "Rule of law approach to alleviation of poverty: An analysis on human rights dimension of governance." IIUC Studies 15 (September 21, 2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v15i0.49342.

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A society without rule of law is similar to a bowl having holes in it, so it leaks. Without plugging the leaks, putting more money in it makes no sense. Almost this claptrap is going in the form of poverty mitigation programs. Retorting the fact, this paper reflects that substantial poverty must be implied as formed by society itself and argues that lots of inhabitants of the world are deprived of the opportunity to get improved livings and live in dearth, as they are not within the shield of the rule of law. They may possibly be the citizens of nation state in which they live; nevertheless, their chattels and workings are vulnerable and far less rewarding than these are addressed. To address this unfairness, the paper provides a concise overview on the impact of rule of law as the basis for the people of opportunity and equity following the study of analytical approach with interdisciplinary aspect. Particular emphasis is to be found on human rights dimension of governance, and legal empowerment for the alleviation of poverty. IIUC Studies Vol.15(0) December 2018: 23-32
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Rodrigue, John C. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana (review)." Civil War History 41, no. 3 (1995): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1995.0020.

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39

Wang, Qiao Yi, Rui Jin Gao, Yao Zhu, and Yong Zhao. "Research on Dynamic Characteristics Based on Roll-Bite Model in Metal Elastic-Plastic Deformation Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.657.

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The main issue in cold rolling is the control of rolling chatter, the deformation of the metal sheet roll-bite is ideally homogeneous and elastic-plastic. In addition, only the vertical interactions of the work roll and the roll-bite are considered. The sheet force resulted from the elastic-plastic deformation of the roll-bite is established to be the dominant factor affecting the dynamic response of the work roll. Although the developed rolling system is highly nonlinear, however, the induced instability and chatter in response to various types of sheet force excitations are either modal excitation or resonance-like beating, both of which are characteristically linear. This article establishes the fundamental knowledge base required for the understanding of the characteristics and mechanism of the third and the fifth octave rolling chatters, and thus provides the essential basis for effective control of rolling instability and chatter-free roll mill design.
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NOLAN, FRANCES. "THE REPRESENTATION OF FEMALE CLAIMANTS BEFORE THE TRUSTEES FOR THE IRISH FORFEITURES, 1700–1703." Historical Journal 63, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 836–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000529.

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AbstractThis article examines the rate and nature of female representation before the board of trustees for the forfeited estates in Ireland, established by the Act of Resumption in 1700. The legislation was introduced by a discontented English parliament to nullify William III's grants of forfeited Irish land, which he awarded after victory over James II in the War of the Two Kings (1689–91). The act's remit extended well beyond the resumption of freehold land, incorporating real property, judgements, securities, obligations, debts, and goods and chattels forfeited by outlawed Jacobites. It was also retroactive, as all parties with a legitimate title to a property that predated 13 February 1689 were entitled to enter a claim. Using a printed list of 3,140 claims submitted to the trustees, this article analyses the commonality of female claimants, considers their economic, social, and marital status, and identifies the legal or equitable basis for their representation before the trustees. In doing so, it examines prenuptial and familial practices in post-Restoration Ireland, underlines the economic importance of marriage and inheritance as means of conveyance, and suggests that women's and female minors’ successful claims provided a number of Catholic families with a lifeline in the early eighteenth century.
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Lea, David. "From the Wright Brothers to Microsoft: Issues in the Moral Grounding of Intellectual Property Rights." Business Ethics Quarterly 16, no. 4 (October 2006): 579–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200616450.

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Abstract:This paper considers the arguments that could support the proposition that intellectual property rights as applied to software have a moral basis. Undeniably, ownership rights were first applied to chattels and land and so we begin by considering the moral basis of these rights. We then consider if these arguments make moral sense when they are extended to intellectual phenomenon. We identified two principal moral defenses: one based on utilitarian concerns relating to human welfare, the other appeals to issues of individual autonomy and private control. We conclude that intellectual property rights could not be defended from a moral perspective that emphasizes autonomy and individual control because copyright and patent restrict fundamental freedoms to transfer and redistribute one’s property. We also find it difficult to defend intellectual property in software from a utilitarian perspective because of the current structure of the market. We mention two characteristics of the software market that make it distinct and promote monopolistic conditions and excessive profit taking: the facility of replication, and the need for compatibility in operating systems. We conclude that there are good reasons to reverse the current market’s structure. We suggest three possible remedies. The government could rigorously enforce antitrust legislation, impose greater monitoring and price controls, or obviate the commercial aspect altogether by denying the application of intellectual property rights to software.
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I Made Suarja, Simon Nahak, and I Ketut Widia. "Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Kreditur Pemegang Jaminan Fidusia yang Dipindah Tangankan." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 1, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.1.2628.431-435.

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This research was conducted based on fiduciary guarantee of execution provided for in Article 29 of Act No. 42 of the year 1999 about Fiduciary Guarantee stating that the fiduciary guarantee execution can be carried out by means of the execution of the title eksekutorial, the distribution of sale through the society, or sale under the hand with the consent of both parties. However, in practice when it will do the execution of fiduciary guarantee, guarantee that turned out to be transferable and controlled by third parties without the consent of the borrower. Formulation of the problem in this study was 1. The requirements are to be met by the lender in order to have the power of doing execution in granting credit Guarantee Chattels? 2. How is the legal protection for the lender that guarantees Fiduciary transferable? The purpose of the research to know the procedure of obtaining legal protection for holders of a Fiduciary which is transferable. The theory is a theory of legal certainty and the protection of the law. This type of research approach with normative approach legislation and the approach to the case. The first discussion about the terms of execution of fiduciary guarantee and second set of laws regarding a lender to Fiduciary redirected. The result of the research showed that if not created by notariil and registered office at Fiduciary, then their execution procedures can only be done with the setting of the ruling of the District Court. Procedures and procedures binding guarantee of fiduciary fiduciary registration procedures on Fiduciary Office, are not set or are not found in detail in the Law Number 42 Year 1999.
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43

Hill, Rosalind. "Fourpenny Retirement: the Yorkshire Templars in the Fourteenth Century." Studies in Church History 24 (1987): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400008275.

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It is now generally accepted that the Order of Templars was destroyed not because of its heresy but because of its wealth. Having outlived its usefulness in the Holy Land, it fell a victim to the forces of financial, jealousy, not entirely unprovoked. Although in England the Order did not hold such an influential position as it did in France, it was nevertheless wealthy and very highly privileged. Edward I, himself a crusader, had in 1290 renewed and amplified a charter of Henry III which exempted the Templars from almost every kind of secular taxation, in addition to guaranteeing such valuable rights and immunities as they already held by authority of the Pope. On their English lands they enjoyed the rights of sac and soc, with all the appurtenances of a private court, and in addition they were quit of scot and geld, feudal aids, tallage and lastage and carucage, and of all tolls, charges, and payments connected with fairs throughout the land. They paid no tax on the export of wool, which their northern estates produced in abundance; in 1390 it was claimed that this privilege, in the counties of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire alone, accounted for more than half the income of the London Temple. They were free of demands for watch and ward, castle-guard, and requisitions for building the King’s works. They were exempt too from forest law, and could create assarts at pleasure; nor need they cut the claws of their dogs. Moreover, they could claim the forfeits, fines, and chattels of all felons taken upon their lands, even when these had been judged in the King’s court.
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Yoon, Jin-ho, and Jewan Kim. "An Issue on who is responsible for Compensation in case of Attachment between Transfer Security Chattels : The Possibility of Application to Article 578 of the Korean Civil Code." Justice 172 (June 30, 2019): 204–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29305/tj.2019.06.172.204.

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45

Hudson, Larry. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana. By Roderick A. McDonald. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Press, 1993. Pp. xiv, 339. $39.95." Journal of Economic History 55, no. 3 (September 1995): 717–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700041929.

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46

Ali, Moazam, Misbah Ijaz, Asad Manzoor, Muhammad Tahir Mohy-Ud-Din, Faiza Hassan, Rubby Tabassum, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta, et al. "Efficacy of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf extract and hypertonic saline solution as intratesticular chemical sterilizing agents in dogs." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 57, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): e171582. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2020.171582.

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Castration refers to induced sterility via physical, chemical, or hormonal methods. Chemical castration is an efficient and reliable technique in contrast to other sterilization procedures as it is less painful to physical methods and cost‑effective to hormonal methods. Azadirachta indica (neem), is a charismatic plant as its leaves possess anti-inflammatory, anti‑microbial, and anti-androgenic chattels. To abate the escalating human population in South Asia, neem oil and neem leaf extract have been effectively used as a contraceptive agent. The key determinant of the current study was to evaluate Neem as a chemical sterilizing agent, (either necrotic or apoptotic), in dogs injected intratesticular in comparison to a hypertonic saline solution. Pre- and post-injection testicular width size and blood samples for serum testosterone levels were collected on alternative days. Results disclosed substantial changes in testicular width size, histopathological profile, and serum testosterone level. A non-significant (P > 0.05) pre-injection testicular width readings in contrast to a significant increase (P < 0.05) three days post-injection was noted in all the competitive groups. The mean values recorded for testicular width size at the end of the trial study via neem leaf extract, 30% HSS and, control groups were 27.7362 ± 2.3315mm, 30.9594 ± 4.6861mm, and 24.5023 ± 2.5387mm, respectively. A declining trend, regarding serum testosterone level being statistically significant (P < 0.05) was recorded in treated groups (A, B) in contrast to the control group (C) as the values were 1.5357 ± 0.7819ng, 1.2669 ± 0.9095ng, and 2.4517 ± 0.1827ng in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Histopathological findings advocated the presence of apoptotic bodies in the neem treated group whereas the presence of degenerated interstitial cells, necrosed seminiferous tubules, damaged germinal epithelium, and ceased spermatogenesis was also studied in both competitive groups. Thus, the apoptotic effect and anti-inflammatory property of neem leaf extract resulted in less painful castration and verified Azadirachta indica as a better substitute for chemical castration in contrast to hypertonic saline solution.
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Leshinsky, Rebecca. "Situating real estate law for the new outer-space economy." Journal of Property, Planning and Environmental Law 13, no. 2 (August 3, 2021): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jppel-02-2021-0010.

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Purpose With current commercial space activities accelerating, the purpose of this paper is to contexualise enlivening the discipline of real estate law for outer space. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on essential topics in real estate law, contracts and insurance, this paper discusses these themes in their terrestrial and extra-terrestrial contexts. Findings Real estate law for the outer space environment carries many similarities to real estate law but also significant differences. At this early stage in human space exploration and travel, there is a need to deal more with goods/chattels (property assets); however, this will change as land – the Moon, asteroids, planets – are made available for mining and other activities. Given outer space activities carry high risk for spacecraft and humans, there are reciprocal lessons for real estate law and practice. Practical implications Real estate law for outer space is an area already in existence. However, as access to space develops further, particularly with inevitable human presence on the Moon and exploration to Mars, real estate law will also grow in importance and sophistication. Real estate law for outer space relies on contract and property law. These are levers for commercial activities, and a further array of complex law and governance – the Outer Space Treaties, international and national law, international custom, guidelines, codes and standards. Real estate law for space will require an interdisciplinary and global approach in an era where human needs are already reliant on goods and services derived from space, as well as in the quest for exploration beyond the earth and the moon itself. Originality/value The time is ripe for space law to be taken into nuanced areas, with real estate law being an important step. Entrenched into the combined real estate and outer space disciplinary context must be consideration of the environment (earth and beyond), sustainability, heritage protection issues, etc., as well as ensuring outer space has equitable opportunities for all nations and citizens.
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Pavan Kumar, C. S., and L. D. Dhinesh Babu. "Fuzzy based feature engineering architecture for sentiment analysis of medical discussion over online social networks." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 11749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-202874.

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Sentiment analysis is widely used to retrieve the hidden sentiments in medical discussions over Online Social Networking platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram. People often tend to convey their feelings concerning their medical problems over social media platforms. Practitioners and health care workers have started to observe these discussions to assess the impact of health-related issues among the people. This helps in providing better care to improve the quality of life. Dementia is a serious disease in western countries like the United States of America and the United Kingdom, and the respective governments are providing facilities to the affected people. There is much chatter over social media platforms concerning the patients’ care, healthy measures to be followed to avoid disease, check early indications. These chatters have to be carefully monitored to help the officials take necessary precautions for the betterment of the affected. A novel Feature engineering architecture that involves feature-split for sentiment analysis of medical chatter over online social networks with the pipeline is proposed that can be used on any Machine Learning model. The proposed model used the fuzzy membership function in refining the outputs. The machine learning model has obtained sentiment score is subjected to fuzzification and defuzzification by using the trapezoid membership function and center of sums method, respectively. Three datasets are considered for comparison of the proposed and the regular model. The proposed approach delivered better results than the normal approach and is proved to be an effective approach for sentiment analysis of medical discussions over online social networks.
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Chatters, James C. "Response from chatters." Anthropology News 38, no. 5 (May 1997): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.1997.38.5.6.2.

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50

Paquette, R. L. "The Economy and Material Culture of Slaves: Goods and Chattels on the Sugar Plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana. By Roderick A. McDonald (Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1993. xiv plus 339pp. $39.95)." Journal of Social History 28, no. 4 (June 1, 1995): 919–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/28.4.919.

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