Journal articles on the topic 'Charters'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Charters.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Charters.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bradley, John, Dauvit Broun, Alice Rio, and Matthew Hammond. "Exploring a Model for the Semantics of Medieval Legal Charters." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 13, no. 1-2 (October 2019): 136–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2017.0184.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes several aspects of a formal digital semantic model that expresses some issues presented by medieval charters. Surprisingly, perhaps, this model does not deal directly with a charter's text and is not mark-up based. Instead, it draws on the authors’ experience with the construction of three highly structured factoid-oriented prosopographical databases that drew heavily on charter sources, and that also did not explicitly contain a digital representation of the charter texts. The paper explains the way in which the structured data model thus derived differs from text-oriented approaches such as TEI/CEI work that has been done so far on charters. It presents a view on why this factoid-based model seems to capture more readily some of the complexity in the apparent meanings of the charters, and suggests that this is because it is also more likely to relate to a richer conception of the broader medieval world in which these charters were created than text-oriented work does. Finally, drawing on recent work on the ChartEx project, it explores how a combined approach, that takes the best of both text-markup and structured data modelling techniques, could evolve in the future.
2
Ngcobo, Raphael, and Watson Ladzani. "Analysis of economic transformation intervention in South Africa - the CA charter." Environmental Economics 7, no. 3 (October 21, 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(3).2016.02.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the chartered accountancy profession sector charter with other sector charters. This is to ascertain if the chartered accountancy profession charter is a workable strategy to address economic transformation within the accountancy profession in South Africa. Desktop research method was used for this paper. Content analysis was used to analyze the chartered accountancy profession’s charters with the aim to ascertain if it is a workable strategy when compared with other sector charters to address the limitation of growth of black people in the chartered accountancy profession. The analysis of the selected sector charters shows that the chartered accountancy sector is committed to economic empowerment in South Africa. This sector has, however, set aggressive targets on employment equity and skills development when compared with the financial and construction sectors. This analysis and comparison is useful in guiding the stakeholders within the accountancy profession in their vision to accelerate the transformation process within the profession. Furthermore, it is hoped that this paper will stimulate substantive discussions around economic transformation strategy designed by government and business to redress economic inequality in South Africa. Keywords: broad-based black economic empowerment, charters, chartered accountancy, sectors, South Africa. JEL Classification: J24, J71
3
Szőke, Melinda. "Historical Toponomastics and the Study of Medieval Hungarian Forged Chartres: Chronological Layers of the Pécsvárad Abbey Founding Charter." Вопросы Ономастики 20, no. 1 (2023): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2023.20.1.003.
Full textAbstract:
Charters written in Latin containing vernacular toponyms represent important sources in the early history of European toponymic system. Besides authentic and original charters, there are numerous forged charters and charters that can be read only in later copies. The umbrella term used for such documents is charters with an uncertain chronological status. From the perspective of historical toponomastics and linguistics, we may suppose the existence of multiple chronological layers in such documents. The author uses the example of the Pécsvárad Abbey Charter to introduce a method for distinguishing these layers using the charter’s toponymic data and the methods of historical toponomastics. Primarily, it takes to identify possible chronological periods that can be reflected in the studied charter, followed by the subsequent linguistic analysis of the language forms attested in the document with a special focus on place names as the key elements of the charter’s content. The author emphasises two techniques of analysing toponymic materials of charters that can help clarify the chronological attribution of specific forms: the comparative analysis of the Latin naming constructions largely used in Hungarian medieval charters and displaying a distinct statistical pattern in their evolution, and the method of toponym reconstruction which consists in establishing the possible evolution of the toponym based on a variety of linguistic, historical and geographical data and language laws. The first method helps isolate parts of the text that can relate to a specific chronological layer, while the application of the second leads to outlining the relative chronology of the toponym change and thus to attributing its form attested in the charter to a particular period of time. Although the analysis relies on one single Hungarian charter, it has wider-ranging consequences and may be applied to other Latin medieval sources that include toponymic units in other “vulgar” languages.
4
Szőke, Melinda. "11. századi nyomok az 1019. évi hamis Zalavári oklevélben." Névtani Értesítő 43 (December 30, 2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2021.8.
Full textAbstract:
The Zalavár charters (1019, 1024) are the least viable sources of information for historical linguistics and historical onomastics regarding the 11th century among the charters of King Saint Stephen forged in the Middle Ages. This is mainly because the Zalavár charters were likely not based on documents from the reign of Saint Stephen. The charters can be classified into three chronological layers through the vernacular elements contained in them. However, the current study aims to prove that the 1019 Zalavár charter does contain information valuable to historical onomastics and linguistics research into the early 11th century, albeit to a lesser degree than than the two other forged chartes of the era (the Pécsvárad and Bakonybél charters). The hypothesis is verified by examining a few place names listed in the census of the forged charter from the end of the 11th century and the Latin context of all the names contained in the document.
5
Szőke, Melinda. "Szent István Zalavári okleveleiről." Magyar Nyelvjárások 59 (2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30790/mnyj/2021/02.
Full textAbstract:
On the Zalavár Charters of Saint Stephen The paper studies the circumstances of the creation and the philological attributes of the two Zalavár charters of King Saint Stephen and also introduces the history of the Abbey of Zalavár. The Zalavár charters dated 1019 and 1024 are two of the charters of Saint Stephen that are considered to be forged. The two charters (of the altogether six forged charters of Saint Stephen) studied here are part of the same charter group both historically and linguistically as the Pécsvárad and Bakonybél charters. Due to their uncertain chronological status, the charters may preserve multiple chronological layers both from the perspective of historical onomastics and linguistics. The charters are dated as follows: +1019 [beginning of the 14th century]/+1328/1347/1370 and +1024 [middle of the 14th century]/+1339/1350. The paper provides the information necessary for the specific linguistic analysis of charters with an abundant Hungarian language corpus (the 1019 charter includes 68 remnants and the 1024 document 38).
6
Angrist, Joshua D., Parag A. Pathak, and Christopher R. Walters. "Explaining Charter School Effectiveness." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.5.4.1.
Full textAbstract:
Lottery estimates suggest Massachusetts' urban charter schools boost achievement well beyond that of traditional urban public schools students, while nonurban charters reduce achievement from a higher baseline. The fact that urban charters are most effective for poor nonwhites and low-baseline achievers contributes to, but does not fully explain, these differences. We therefore link school-level charter impacts to school inputs and practices. The relative efficacy of urban lottery sample charters is accounted for by these schools' embrace of the No Excuses approach to urban education. In our Massachusetts sample, Non-No-Excuses urban charters are no more effective than nonurban charters. (JEL H75, I21, I28)
7
Feiock, Richard C., Christopher M. Weible, David P. Carter, Cali Curley, Aaron Deslatte, and Tanya Heikkila. "Capturing Structural and Functional Diversity Through Institutional Analysis." Urban Affairs Review 52, no. 1 (November 13, 2014): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087414555999.
Full textAbstract:
City charters affect the governance of municipal systems in complex ways. Current descriptions and typologies developed to study city charter structures simplify the diverse types and configurations of institutional rules underlying charter designs. This research note demonstrates a more detailed approach for studying the design of city charters using analytical methods based on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. This approach is illustrated with a pilot study of institutional rules in municipal charters that define the roles and duties of mayors. The findings reveal that city charters exhibit great institutional diversity, particularly within strong mayor cities. We conclude with a research agenda that could generate a more precise and rigorous understanding of the relationship between the different configurations of institutions of city charters and the politics, governance, and performance of municipalities.
8
Castillo, Elise. "“Doing what it takes to keep the school open”: The philanthropic networks of progressive charter schools." education policy analysis archives 28 (August 17, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.4452.
Full textAbstract:
Researchers have demonstrated how venture philanthropic networks advance the growth of charter schools underpinned by market tenets. However, little remains known about how progressive charter schools mobilize financial support when most funding from philanthropic networks flows to market-oriented charters. This qualitative study examines how three progressive charter schools in New York City mobilized financial support, the extent to which charters’ financial supporters operated in a networked context, and the extent to which charters’ resource mobilization activities reflected their founding progressive tenets. Findings reveal that the focal charters incorporated market logic when cultivating financial support networks. In doing so, schools endeavored to secure their own resource advantages while reinforcing resource inequities across New York City’s unequal educational landscape, hence undermining the equity and community responsibility dimensions of their progressive missions.
9
Szőke, Melinda. "A hamis oklevelek helynévtörténeti forrásértékének meghatározásáról." Helynévtörténeti Tanulmányok 17 (December 31, 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35528/helynevtort/17/02.
Full textAbstract:
On the Determination of the Source Value of Forged Charters for Historical Toponomastics Charters with an uncertain chronological status have multiple chronological layers from a linguistic perspective. Due to the circumstances of their creation and survival, the historical linguistic and historical onomastic source value of names included in them do not necessarily overlap; this means that it may be possible that the same name can be associated with different centuries as a source for studies in historical linguistics and historical onomastics. Therefore, one of the key steps in the linguistic exploration of charters with an uncertain chronological status (including forged charters) involves the examin¬¬ation of the source value of the charter separately for the purposes of historical linguistics and historical toponomastics: we assess the chronological features of the recording of the names (historical linguistic source value) only after the con¬sideration of the date of the inclusion of the names in the charter (i.e., historical onomastic source value). We may determine the historical toponomastic source value of forged charters mostly based on the principles of historical studies and diplomatics. This includes, for example, the consideration of litigations of abbeys or the study of the formulas of charters as well as the word use of the charter. With the growing number of charters of an uncertain status studied linguis¬tically, it has become clear that we need to further specify the assessment of the charters from the perspective of historical toponomastics completed based on these principles. In my paper, I study how we may establish the source value of particular toponyms from the perspective of historical onomastics using four forged charters of Saint Stephen (the charters of Bakonybél, Pécsvárad and two charters from Zalavár), while also relying on considerations rooted in history and diplomatics. In the first part, I show that irrespective of the fact that a name probably had not appeared in the original source of the forged charter, the places and names in question could already exist in the 11th century. In the second part, I provide examples that show that the sections of forged charters that have been designated as belonging to the 11th century mostly using the principles of diplo¬matics and history may also include such names the early use of which is question¬able.
10
Sass, Tim R. "Charter Schools and Student Achievement in Florida." Education Finance and Policy 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp.2006.1.1.91.
Full textAbstract:
I utilize longitudinal data covering all public school students in Florida to study the performance of charter schools and their competitive impact on traditional public schools. Controlling for student-level fixed effects, I find achievement initially is lower in charters. However, by their fifth year of operation new charter schools reach a par with the average traditional public school in math and produce higher reading achievement scores than their traditional public school counterparts. Among charters, those targeting at-risk and special education students demonstrate lower student achievement, while charter schools managed by for-profit entities peform no differently on average than charters run by nonprofits. Controlling for preexisting traditional public school quality, competition from charter schools is associated with modest increases in math scores and unchanged reading scores in nearby traditional public schools.
11
Orfield, Myron, and Thomas Luce. "An analysis of student performance in Chicago’s charter schools." education policy analysis archives 24 (October 31, 2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.2203.
Full textAbstract:
Charter schools have become the cornerstone of school reform in Chicago and in many other large cities. Enrollments in Chicago charters increased by more than ten times between 2000 and 2014 and, with strong support from the current mayor and his administration, the system continues to grow. Indeed, although state law limits charter schools in Chicago to 75 schools, proponents have used a loophole that allows multiple campuses for some charters to bypass the limit and there are now more than 140 individual charter campuses in Chicago. This study uses comprehensive data for the 2012-13 and 2013-14 school years to show that, after controlling for the mix of students and challenges faced by individual schools, Chicago’s charter schools underperform their traditional counterparts in most measurable ways. Reading and math pass rates, reading and math growth rates, graduation rates, and average ACT scores (in one of the two years) are lower in charters all else equal, than in traditional neighborhood schools. The results for the two years also imply that the gap between charters and traditionals widened in the second year for most of the measures. The findings are strengthened by the fact that self-selection by parents and students into the charter system biases the results in favor of charter schools.
12
Vasquez Heilig, Brewer, and Williams. "Choice without Inclusion?: Comparing the Intensity of Racial Segregation in Charters and Public Schools at the Local, State and National Levels." Education Sciences 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9030205.
Full textAbstract:
We conduct descriptive and inferential analyses of publicly available Common Core of Data (CCD) to examine segregation at the local, state, and national levels. Nationally, we find that higher percentages of charter students of every race attend intensely segregated schools. The highest levels of racial isolation are at the primary level for public and middle level for charters. We find that double segregation by race and class is higher in charter schools. Charters are more likely to be segregated, even when controlling for local ethnoracial demographics. A majority of states have at least half of Blacks and a third of Latinx in intensely segregated charters. At the city level, we find that higher percentages of urban charter students were attending intensely segregated schools.
13
Szőke, Melinda. "A Pécsváradi oklevél helyneveinek szövegkörnyezete." Magyar Nyelvjárások 58 (2020): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30790/mnyj/2020/05.
Full textAbstract:
The Textual Context of Toponyms in the Charter of Pécsvárad The Charter of Pécsvárad (+1015/+1158 [1220 k.]/1323/1403/PR.) is a charter of an uncertain chronological status that has survived after multiple copies from the 15th century and prior to the creation of the 13th-century forged charter, a char-ter was probably issued for the Abbey of Pécsvárad also in the age of King St. Ste-phen. The founding charter includes approximately 140 indications of places and my paper examines the textual context of these. When analyzing names with a desig-nating word and a Latin geographical common noun and toponyms without it, we have identified solutions in the charters that differ from processes deemed regular later on. This includes, for example, the presence of incomplete structures with a designating word without a main component or the lack of name occurrences of the Latin geographical common noun + Hungarian toponym type. Based on the exploration of the context of toponyms in the charter, it seems cer-tain that the more extensive issuing of charters also influenced the way how proper names were recorded in the text. With time, the large number of insertions without a structure seen in the Charter of Pécsvárad are replaced by the increasing use of designating words or Latin geographical common nouns, thus the “poor” textual context of the Founding Charter of Pécsvárad indicates recording in the 11th centu-ry. Keywords: 11th-century charters, charters with an uncertain chronological sta-tus, Latin context, toponyms, norms of charter writing
14
Venter, Petrus, and Rodney Duffett. "A Framework for a Generic Retail Charter: A Guide towards Sustainability and Stakeholder Support." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 15848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315848.
Full textAbstract:
This paper develops a framework for a generic retail stakeholder charter that addresses expectations of relevant retail business stakeholders to achieve success and sustainability. Hevner’s design science research model was used for the development of this framework. Relevant literature on retail business management, stakeholder theory, and existing charters was reviewed and used for the design of a draft generic retail charter framework. The draft framework was submitted to expert practitioners and academics for verification in terms of correctness, completeness, and relevance to develop the final retail charter framework. The framework addresses stakeholder expectations regarding relevant categories, and the structure of the retail charter addresses the identity, elements, and the management of the retail charter. The elements in the generic retail charter are structured to achieve stakeholder support by ensuring compliance, satisfaction, and excitement. This generic retail charter framework creates research opportunities for the development of detailed retail charters for every stakeholder category, and customized retail charters for individual retail businesses. The framework provides further research opportunities for retail businesses operating in a particular industry, ecommerce, various Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes, and other countries.
15
Sims Williams, Patrick. "St Wilfrid and two charters dated AD 676 and 680." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 39, no. 2 (April 1988): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900020649.
Full textAbstract:
No original Anglo-Saxon charter bearing an AD date earlier than 736 is extant, which seems to suit the traditional view that dating by the Era of the Incarnation, as opposed to the indiction or regnal years, was due to its popularisation by Bede's treatise De temponim ratione and his Historia ecclesiastica. ‘Consequently,’ in R. L. Poole's words, ‘not a few Anglo-Saxon charters which contain the date from the Incarnation have been condemned as spurious or corrupt.’ He then added that ‘there seems, however, to be no reason to suppose that the adoption of this era was originated by the treatise of Bede’, maintaining that it is ‘much more likely’ that it was derived from the Easter Tables of Dionysius Exiguus, arguing on the basis of the accounts of St Wilfrid's instruction at Rome and his speech at the Synod of Whitby in 664, that the saint championed the use of the Dionysian computation. Kenneth Harrison has shown how likely this is on various grounds. These include a defence of four charters bearing AD dates in the seventh century and arguably connected with Wilfrid. Harrison's case has been accepted by Nicholas Brooks, though not by Anton Scharer, and Harrison later brought two more charters into the discussion. The earliest of Harrison's charters, the foundation charter of Bath, dated AD 676 and attested by Wilfrid, and a charter concerning Ripple, Worcestershire, dated AD 680, will be discussed in detail below. Three others, all attested by Wilfrid, belong to the group of charters which Anton Scharer and Patrick Wormald associate with Eorcenwald, bishop of London, who also attests: Casdwalla of Wessex's grant of Farnham, Surrey, dated (problematically)AD 688, Eorcenwald's grant of Battersea, Surrey, dated AD 693, and his charter for Barking monastery, in which his visit to Rome is dated (again problematically) to AD 677. It is entirely possible that Wilfrid was responsible for the inclusion of the annus Domini in these charters, even if their actual drafting was done by Eorcenwald or one of his circle; the absence of the annus Domini from the other credible ‘Eorcenwald’ charters is significant. (Eorcenwald attests the Bath foundation charter, but so does Wilfrid.) Harrison's remaining charter is Æthelred of Mercia's confirmation of a grant in Thanet to the Kentish abbess Æbbe, dated AD 691 in the best manuscript.6 Significantly, this is the only one of the thirteen charters between 675 and 737 in Elmham's Historia Monasterii S. Augustini Cantuariensis to bear an AD date. Wilfrid does not attest — the confirmation carries no witness list — but Brooks comments that, of the four charters originally discussed by Harrison (Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, nos 42, 43, 51 and 72), only BCS 42 [the Thanet charter] has no evident connection with Wilfrid. Yet it shows Wilfrid's friend and protector, King Æthelred of Mercia, intervening in Kent by force in January 6gi (‘dum ille infirmaverat terram nostram’) at a time when the see of Canterbury was vacant. Wilfrid was by this time again running into difficulties with the Northumbrian king, and his biographer claims that he had been offered the succession to the see of Canterbury by Archbishop Theodore himself.
16
Keynes, Simon. "The ‘Dunstan B’ charters." Anglo-Saxon England 23 (December 1994): 165–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026367510000452x.
Full textAbstract:
Thanks largely to the work of John Mitchell Kemble, it could be said in connection with the publication of a charter of King Edgar in 1984 that ‘the discovery of a new Anglo-Saxon charter is a very rare event’;1yet by a strange and happy coincidence two more charters of the same king have recently come to light, in quite different places. The first was issued in 958, when Edgar was king of the Mercians, and relates to an estate at Coundon in Warwickshire. The second was issued in 974, near the end of Edgar's reign as king of all the English, and relates to an estate at Brickendon in Hertfordshire. In both cases, the charters survive in the form of early modern transcripts made direct from originals now lost; the transcripts are of excellent quality, complete with vernacular boundary-clauses, full witness-lists, and notes of the vernacular endorsements.2Both charters prove, moreover, to belong to a distinctive series known to modern scholarship as the ‘Dunstan B’ charters, which stand apart from the mainstream of diplomatic practices in the tenth century, and which appear to have a particular association as a group with Glastonbury abbey. Provisional editions of the two ‘new’ charters are presented below, pending the fuller treatment which each must receive in its appropriate archival context; the opportunity is then taken to redefine the corpus of ‘Dunstan B’ charters, and to review their significance in diplomatic and historical terms.3
17
Monarrez, Tomás, Brian Kisida, and Matthew Chingos. "The Effect of Charter Schools on School Segregation." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 301–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20190682.
Full textAbstract:
We examine the impact of the expansion of charter schools on racial segregation in public schools, defined using multiple measures of racial sorting and isolation. Our research design utilizes between-grade differences in charter expansion within school systems and an instrumental variables approach leveraging charter school openings. Charter schools modestly increase school segregation for Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White students. On average, charters have caused a 6 percent decrease in the relative likelihood of Black and Hispanic students being exposed to schoolmates of other racial or ethnic groups. For metropolitan areas, our analysis reveals countervailing forces, as charters reduce segregation between districts. (JEL I21, I24, J15)
18
Ferguson, Maria. "Washington View: Charter schools: What a long, strange trip it’s been." Phi Delta Kappan 101, no. 8 (April 27, 2020): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721720923797.
Full textAbstract:
The recent pushback against charter schools, which has taken many by surprise, stems from what Maria Ferguson describes as a perfect storm of circumstances. Because states approach charter school authorization and oversight in so many different ways, the landscape has become confusing. Betsy DeVos’s championing of charters as part of her school choice agenda has led to suspicion of the movement. And some presidential candidates have portrayed charters as an enemy of public education. All of these circumstances could turn into an opportunity to address the issues that matter to both supporters and critics of charter schools.
19
Gilraine, Michael, Uros Petronijevic, and John D. Singleton. "Horizontal Differentiation and the Policy Effect of Charter Schools." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 239–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200531.
Full textAbstract:
While school choice may enhance competition, incentives for public schools to raise productivity may be muted if public education is imperfectly substitutable with alternatives. This paper estimates the aggregate effect of charter school expansion on education quality while accounting for the horizontal differentiation of charter programs. Our research design leverages variation following the removal of North Carolina’s statewide cap to compare test score changes for students who lived near entering charters to those farther away. We find learning gains that are driven by public schools responding to increased competition from non-horizontally differentiated charter schools, even before those charters actually open. (JEL H75, I21, I28)
20
Goleshchikhin, V. S. "The Institute of Municipal Entities’ Charters as a Sacred Vestige of Federal Legislation." Actual Problems of Russian Law 17, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2022.138.5.011-020.
Full textAbstract:
Federal legislation, federal authorities and the scientific community share the idea of municipal entities as the most important element of local self-government without which local self-governement will not last a day. But in practice, due to the direct requirements of federal legislation, municipal entities’ charters can exist only in the form of a document that almost completely duplicates the rules of laws. Only on a very limited list of issues does the representative bodies still have variability in the formulation of charters. The question arises: why is it necessary to duplicate at the local level a significant number of directly applicable federal legislation? Municipal entities are created, their local self-government bodies are successfully formed and begin to work even before the adoption of the charter. Thus, charters have no constituent significance. It is quite possible to examine issues of local importance and the powers of local self-government bodies without referring to the charter of the municipality. It turns out that the charter is just a verbatim copy of the norms of federal laws that does not establish anything and is far from being the only and the best source of information about the structure of local self-government. Having no practical use, being a relic of the 1990s, having turned into an end in itself, the institution of charters is subject to abolition.
21
Roberts, Edward. "Boundary clauses and the use of the vernacular in eastern Frankish charters, c.750–c.900*." Historical Research 91, no. 254 (October 22, 2018): 580–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.12245.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Of the thousands of surviving charters from eastern Carolingian Francia, remarkably few contain boundary clauses, even though ceremonial perambulations were a prominent aspect of property transactions. This article examines these boundary clauses asking when and why perambulations were written down in charters, and why, in an overwhelmingly Latin charter tradition, this was often done with vernacular language. The analysis suggests that boundary clauses were intended as rhetorical statements of elite identification and authority, usually signalling the involvement of powerful patrons and significant properties. The article contributes to debates concerning ritual, rhetoric and the interaction between orality and literacy in medieval charters.
22
Theophilus C, Nwokedi, Moses Ntor-Ue Eba, Okonko Ifiok, and Ndubuisi Leonard. "Assessment of Shippers and Ship Owners Ship and Charter Type Choice in the Wet and Dry Bulk Ship Brokering Market: Knowledge Guide for African Indigenous Ship Brokers." LOGI - Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2018-0009.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe study assessed shippers and ship owners’ ship and charter party type choices in the wet and dry bulk ship broking and chartering market as guide for performance improvement for African and Nigerian ship brokers. It aims to determine if significant differences exists between shippers ship type choices among Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC), Handymax, Supramax and capsize vessels in the wet and dry bulk market as well shippers and ship owners charter party type choice between voyage charter and time charter for the various ship types. The study adopted a survey method in which the Baltic International Maritime Council (BIMCO) was surveyed and 5 year data on ship types and charter party type choices of shippers and ship owners was obtained. The statistical tools of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t-test were used to compare the ship type choices and charter party type choices of shippers and ship owners. The result indicates that shippers’ in the wet and dry bulk cargo market show greater preference for Supramax vessel type. The aggregate number of vessels chartered over the period covered in the study is 41,684 vessels out of which 22,593 representing about 54.2% are Supramax. This was seconded by VLCC which recorded 8,829 or 21.2% charters. Capsize and Handymax vessel types had 6211 and 4069 charters respectively which represent 14.9% and 9.77% each. Shippers and ship owners also show greater preference for voyage charter party type than time charter party for all types of vessels. It was recommended that ship brokers should place greater priority on trading in Supramax ship types and voyage charter party type as the demand trend for this ship type is likely to remain higher over time; followed by VLCC; while more shippers and ship owners are likely continue to show preference for voyage charter than time charter.
23
Farmer-Hinton, Raquel L. "On Becoming College Prep: Examining the Challenges Charter School Staff Members Face While Executing a School's Mission." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 108, no. 6 (June 2006): 1214–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810610800605.
Full textAbstract:
This article draws from a case study investigating the organizational characteristics of a college preparatory charter high school and the impact of that college preparatory climate on the postsecondary plans of the school's graduating classes. Although charters provide local communities with alternatives to existing educational institutions, many recently chartered schools face organizational trials that can limit their effectiveness. This article reports findings from the base-year data collection of a multiyear case study of a recently chartered college preparatory high school. The findings show how logistical constraints and staff turnover affected the implementation of the school's mission, which is to prepare educationally and socially disadvantaged students for college.
24
Muldoon, James. "Colonial Charters: Possessory or Regulatory?" Law and History Review 36, no. 2 (May 2018): 355–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248018000020.
Full textAbstract:
Historians have argued that sixteenth and seventeenth century English colonial charters claimed the lands of indigenous people on the basis of their discovery by Europeans. Examination of these charters, however, demonstrates that a charter authorized acquiring land from the indigenous population in a specific region, not seizing indigenous it, and regulating the entry of other potential settlers. Charters also regulated overseas relations among the European nations to reduce or prevent international conflict by recognizing similar claims to monopoly of access to lands claimed by other developing empires. Charters were rooted in a medieval legal tradition that included canon law commentaries that recognized the legitimacy of infidel dominium and papal bulls that sought to regulate fifteenth-century Iberian expansion in the Atlantic. English charters built on this legal tradition and were a stage in the creation of a European legal order for overseas expansion. The fundamental issue was regulation of the sea and sea routes to Asia and to the New World, not the acquisition and possession of indigenous land. The English charters should be understood as elements of the long-running debate about whether access to the sea was open to all or could be closed to outsiders.
25
Kotok, Stephen, Erica Frankenberg, Kai A. Schafft, Bryan A. Mann, and Edward J. Fuller. "School Choice, Racial Segregation, and Poverty Concentration: Evidence From Pennsylvania Charter School Transfers." Educational Policy 31, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 415–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904815604112.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines how student movements between traditional public schools (TPSs) and charters—both brick and mortar and cyber—may be associated with both racial isolation and poverty concentration. Using student-level data from the universe of Pennsylvania public schools, this study builds upon previous research by specifically examining student transfers into charter schools, disaggregating findings by geography. We find that, on average, the transfers of African American and Latino students from TPSs to charter schools were segregative. White students transferring within urban areas transferred to more racially segregated schools. Students from all three racial groups attended urban charters with lower poverty concentration.
26
Yeutukhou, Ihar O. Yeutukhou. "Deviation of the behavior paradigm in the Anglo-Saxon society." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-3-68-73.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the deviant violations of the accepted behavior paradigm in the Anglo-Saxon society, reflected in Old English charters. The article deals with only one form of deviant violation of the paradigm of behavior – crime. The old English lawsuits charters were chosen as the object of analysis. The author proves that the reaction of society to the offense was placed in a wide range of forcing: from confiscation to expulsion and outlawing. In charters of the 10th century (Fonthill letter, charter S 1455; the expulsion of Æðelsig for stealing a pig, charter S 886; the confiscation of Æðelflӕda estate for the help for her exiled brother Leofsin, charter S 926) uses verbs flyman, afliman, exulare with the semantics ‘to expel, to force, to flee’. In the charters of the 11th century (the lawsuit of the widow in Ailsworth and her son, charter S 1377), the word utlah, from which the modern outlaw derives, is used instead of these verbs. Thus, the author shows that the control over the maintenance of the paradigm of behavior in the equilibrium state was two-level. The first level of impact was the confiscation of property in the case of a single crime not involving with attempt on the life of another person. The second level of influence was the outlawing of a person for the re-theft or the murder of one or more people. The king and Bishop had the right to apply last measure. However, some serious crimes related to the murders and robbery (crimes of Wulfbald and his widow, charter S 877) were not connected with the expulsion. The reasons for this are unknown due to the fragmentary preservation of the sources. In particular, it is not known how the story of Wulfbald’s widow ended.
27
Price, Jean B., and Nancy Lankton. "A Framework and Guidelines for Assessing and Developing Board-Level Information Technology Committee Charters." Journal of Information Systems 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-51674.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT IT governance is important to the success of most business enterprises. One form of IT governance is the use of board-level IT committees. This study examines committee charters, which are the basic foundation for an effective committee. Based on prior literature and theory, we develop a framework and six propositions for assessing IT committee charter components including committee characteristics, member characteristics, and roles and responsibilities. We test the propositions by exploring the IT committee charters and information from other sources for 23 Fortune 500 companies. We find that most IT committees have more members and meet more often than required by the charter. All but one committee has at least one member with IT expertise as defined in our study. Also, most roles and responsibilities are focused on the five IT governance focus areas prescribed by the Information Technology Governance Institute. However, the roles are not consistently specified in all charters. Suggestions for future research and guidelines for practice are provided.
28
Snow Andrade, Maureen, Jonathan Westover, and Letty Workman. "Team Charters in Business Education: The Importance of Perceived Level of Working Well Together." InSight: A Journal of Scholarly Teaching 18 (July 2023): 74–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.46504/18202305sn.
Full textAbstract:
Schools of business aim to help students develop employer-valued skills, which include communication, teamwork, critical thinking, and application of learning. This can be achieved through team assignments and community-based learning. Such approaches help students apply the concepts they are learning, collaborate with others, develop managerial skills, and solve real-life workplace issues. Teamwork is commonly thought to be enhanced when students establish a team charter outlining their goals, norms, and processes. Research on the value of team charters in business education, however, is limited. This study examined the role of team charters on student perceptions of working well together. Data was collected and analyzed from a mid-term team evaluation and a final team charter assessment. Findings indicated that perceived value of team charters differs across the year in school and tends to be higher for less experienced students. The provision of a structured project roadmap clarified team member roles, responsibilities, personal accountability, and team vision.
29
Semiachko, Svetlana A. "The Sermon to the Coenobitic Monastic Brotherhood: On the Formation of the Monastic Disciplinary Charter in Rus’." Slovene 4, no. 1 (2015): 474–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.28.
Full textAbstract:
This article is devoted to the study of sources transmitting the Sermon to the Coenobitic Monastic Brotherhood and its spheres of influence. The article determines authentic copies of this text and considers several elements: charters of the founders of several Russian monasteries and lectures to the brotherhood of the coenobitic monasteries and to their new members. Authors of Old Russian disciplinary charters were guided by apostolic and patristic texts; these sources were used not in their original language but in translation. Quotations from these authoritative compositions were often incorporated into charters through other texts, both translated and Russian. In their borrowings, the authors of these charters also used material that had been borrowed by their predecessors, who relied on their own authoritative texts. The Sermon to the Coenobitic Monastic Brotherhood is known in the Russian manuscript tradition from the beginning of the 15th century. Among its sources, there are compositions by Basil of Caesarea, Ephrem the Syrian, and a certain anonymous author. The Sermon influenced the Charter of Cornelius of Komel and some texts from the starchestvo tradition. The Sermon to the Coenobitic Monastic Brotherhood functioned as a link, a bridge between the Byzantine and Russian tradition of the monastic disciplinary charter.
30
Weber, Mark, and Bruce Baker. "Do For-Profit Managers Spend Less on Schools and Instruction? A National Analysis of Charter School Staffing Expenditures." Educational Policy 32, no. 6 (February 7, 2017): 855–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904816681525.
Full textAbstract:
This article takes advantage of a recently released national data set on school site expenditures to evaluate spending variations between traditional district operated schools and charter schools operated by for-profit versus nonprofit management firms. Prior research has revealed the revenue-enhancement, private fund-raising capacity of major nonprofit providers. For-profit providers may face greater pressure to reduce operating expenses. As such, we hypothesize that regardless of average differences in staffing expenses between district and charter schools, school site staffing expenditures are likely to be lower in for-profit than in nonprofit managed charter schools. Furthermore, school site instructional staffing expenditures may be lower yet. Applying national, then state-level models to compare spending for schools of similar size, serving similar grade ranges and students with similar attributes (income status, special education, and language proficiency status), we find these assumptions largely to be true. Specifically, on average across all settings (global model) we find that charters spend less per pupil on instructional salaries compared with districts; furthermore, for-profit charters spend less than nonprofits. Furthermore, for-profit charters spend statistically significantly less ( p < .05) on instructional salaries, compared with district schools in many states.
31
Davis, Rachel Meredith. "Material evidence? Re-approaching elite women’s seals and charters in late medieval Scotland." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 150 (November 30, 2021): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.150.1318.
Full textAbstract:
Medieval Scottish women’s seals remain largely unexplored compared to the scholarship on seals and sealing practice elsewhere in medieval Britain. This article has two chief aims. First, it seeks to demonstrate the insufficiencies of the 19th- and 20th-century Scottish seal catalogues as a mediated record of material evidence and the use of them as comprehensive and go-to reference texts within current research on late medieval Scotland. This includes a discussion of the ways in which medieval seals survive as original impressions, casts and illustrations and how these different types of evidence can be used in the construction and reconstruction of the seal’s and charter’s context. Second, this paper will explore the materiality and interconnectedness of seals and the charters to which they are attached. A reading of these two objects together emphasises the legal function of the seal and shows its distinctive purpose as a representational object. While the seal was used in con-texts beyond the basic writ charter, it remained a legally functional and (auto)biographical object, and, as such, the relationship between seal and charter informs meaning in representational identities expressed in both. The article will apply this approach to several examples of seals belonging to 14th- and 15th-century Scottish countesses. Evidence reviewed this way provides new insight into Scottish women’s sealing practice and female use of heraldic device. The deficiencies of assuming women’s design to be formulaic or that their seals can be usefully interpreted in isolation from the charters to which they were attached will be highlighted. The interconnectedness of word and image conveyed personal links and elite ambitions, and promoted noble lineage within the legal context of charter production.
32
Hudson, J. "Charters and Charter Scholarship in Britain and Ireland." English Historical Review CXXI, no. 492 (June 1, 2006): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cel146.
Full text
33
Lasley, Thomas J., Carolyn Ridenour, Carolyn Talbert-Johnson, and Chad Raisch. "Charters." Education and Urban Society 31, no. 4 (August 1999): 499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124599031004008.
Full text
34
Haskins, Mark E., and James G. Clawson. "Custom executive education program charters: a beneficial task and useful template." Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal 29, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlo-05-2014-0043.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – This paper introduces readers to the usefulness of, design of, and an example of a custom executive education program charter. As such, charters are posed as a key task to complete at the outset of a new custom executive education provider/client relationship. Design/methodology/approach – This paper codifies the attributes of a well-conceived and well-crafted program charter based on a number of years of having led custom executive education program design, development, and delivery activities. Findings – Six components of a useful and substantive custom executive education program charter are identified. Each is discussed as are the roles that a completed charter can contribute to in an ongoing custom executive education provider/client relationship. Practical implications – The field-inspired custom executive education program charter insights presented are immediately actionable by program providers and/or the client sponsors of such programs. Originality/value – Readers are provided with a template for crafting their own charters. The merits of having a charter are highlighted, as are some of the challenges involved in crafting one.
35
Klein, Katherine. "“What Library?”." School Libraries Worldwide 28, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/slw8680.
Full textAbstract:
Although charter schools are a growing segment of the US education market, they are less likely than traditional public or private schools to have dedicated library facilities, staffing, or services. Currently there is little data about what services charter schools provide to support literacy, research, or technology skill building - services commonly provided by school libraries. Without these data it is unknown whether, how, or to what extent charter schools without school libraries ensure that their students have access to these crucial learning resources. This study collected data in 87 US based K-12 charter schools across 11 states using an online survey completed by school administrators. This survey addresses library services of charter schools both with and without school library facilities. The survey shows that most charters lack facilities and staffing to provide quality school library services. In charters that have a school library the data suggests the school benefits from more services to encourage reading for fun and information literacy instruction that can improve technology use and research skills. This study informs future research and advocacy for charter school libraries.
36
Stoica, Ruxandra-Iulia. "Urban Conservation in International Charters." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 12 (December 29, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.2789.
Full textAbstract:
This paper will present an analytical review of doctrinal texts that have been key for the shaping of integrated urban conservation practice internationally: from the Athens Charter to the Historic Urban Landscape Convention.
The 1931 Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments was published at the same time when the Congres Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne was summing up its controversial urbanist ideology in its own Charte d'Athènes of 1933. Whilst the Athens Charter focused on technical aspects of monument restoration, the preceding debate showed a raising interest in historic urban areas. CIAM’s Charter too, despite including a section regarding historic urban areas, limited its recommendations to the protection of individual monuments or ensembles.
Substantial research of historic centres in European countries preceded the first national legislations and international charters targeted specifically at urban areas in 1960s and 70s. Notably, the 1964 Venice International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites finally extended the concepts of restoration and rehabilitation of monuments to protected areas such as historical city centres, recommending expanded heritage protection legislation worldwide. European national legislations followed suit. In 1975, the European Architectural Heritage Year had seen also the first charter promoting the conservation of the historic built environment as a whole.
However, by the end of the 20th century, despite a good number of further doctrinal texts being adopted internationally, and the publication of numerous books, articles and reports touching on the problematic of urban conservation, the paucity of theoretical and conceptual advance of this field remained evident. The delay in giving a sound theoretical structure to the field of urban conservation has been, quite understandably, due to the complexity of the urban environment and the ensuing difficulty of separating out the effects of different variables at work within it.
Charters over the past three decades call for an integration of planning and urban conservation based on an appraisal of the historic urban fabric and its community, an approach which should eventually provide a more sustainable urban development. This means understanding and evaluating the significance of place, on one hand, and drawing out management implications for protecting this significance and identifying opportunities for change, on the other. The 2011 Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation goes some way to internationalise the theory and practice that has been developed so far predominantly within the European context.
There are many issues that have been raised through charters over the last hundred years, and many still need a proper theoretical framework that can allow them to be used in practice widely, beyond the places with strong heritage conservation traditions and legislations.
37
Chitwood, Zachary. "Founding a Monastery on Athos under Early Ottoman Rule: The typikon of Stauroniketa." Endowment Studies 1, no. 2 (February 20, 2017): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685968-00102004.
Full textAbstract:
The best-attested and most important endowments of Orthodox Christians in the medieval world were created by means of foundation charters (ktetorika typika). Via atypikon, a founder orktetorwas able to regulate the present and future functioning of his (invariably monastic) endowment, often in minute and voluminous detail. Of particular interest for the topic of this special issue ofENDSare some post-Byzantine monastic foundation charters, which hitherto have received almost no scholarly scrutiny. Among these charters is the testament of the patriarch Jeremiahifor the Stauroniketa Monastery on Mount Athos. His monastic charter demonstrates the continuity of Byzantine endowment practices in the first centuries of Ottoman rule, yet also underlines new difficulties for monastic founders attempting to adapt the quintessentially medieval Christian practice of composingtypikato the strictures of an Islamic legal regime.
38
CIEPLEY, DAVID. "Is the U.S. Government a Corporation? The Corporate Origins of Modern Constitutionalism." American Political Science Review 111, no. 2 (April 19, 2017): 418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055417000041.
Full textAbstract:
The U.S. Constitution is best understood not as a “social contract,” but as a popularly issued corporate charter. The earliest American colonies were literal corporations of the Crown and, like all corporations, were ruled by limited governments established by their charters. From this, Americans derived their understanding of what a constitution is—the written charter of a sovereign that ordains and limits a government. The key Federalist innovation was to substitute the People for the King as the chartering sovereign. This effectively transferred the “governance technology” of the corporation to the civil government—including the practice of delegating authority via a written charter, charter amendment, and judicial review. Federalists used these corporate practices to frame a government that united seeming irreconcilables—a government energetic yet limited, republican yet mixed, popular yet antipopulist—yielding a corporate solution to the problem of arbitrary rule. Leading founders considered this new government a literal chartered corporation of the People.
39
Spoel, Philippa, and Colleen Derkatch. "Constituting community through food charters: A rhetorical-genre analysis." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 3, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 46–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v3i1.144.
Full textAbstract:
Communities across Canada are increasingly developing food charters, with at least 22 regional charters published in Ontario alone. As a rhetorical genre, food charters are persuasive actions that articulate not only the kind of food system to which a community aspires, but also the kind of community that it aspires to be. We argue that Ontario’s food charters play an important role in constituting a sense of community identity and values through the rhetorical action of the genre itself. We analyze how this is accomplished through two rhetorical features, the naming of community and the listing of community priorities, showing how these features simultaneously obscure and reveal ideological tensions and logical incongruities within each community’s vision for its food system. Our analysis illustrates how the genre of the food charter both responds to and shapes the diverse, possibly conflicting values that inform food policy and food security initiatives in Ontario, and it offers insight into how the genre itself may inadvertently constrain the action it is intended to perform.
40
Sugarman, Stephen D. "IS IT UNCONSTITUTIONAL TO PROHIBIT FAITH-BASED SCHOOLS FROM BECOMING CHARTER SCHOOLS?" Journal of Law and Religion 32, no. 2 (July 2017): 227–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2017.27.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article argues that it is unconstitutional for state charter school programs to preclude faith-based schools from obtaining charters. The first section describes the “school choice” movement of the past fifty years, situating charter schools in that movement. The current state of play of school choice is documented and the roles of charter schools, private schools (primarily faith-based schools), and public school choice options are elaborated. The second section argues that based on the current state of the law it should not be unconstitutional, under the First Amendment's Establishment Clause, for states to elect to make faith-based schools eligible for charters, and, therefore, the current practice of formal discrimination on the basis of religion against families and school founders who want faith-based charter schools should be deemed unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court. Put differently, this is not the sort of issue in which the “play in the joints” between the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses should apply so as to give states the option of restricting charter schools to secular schools.
41
Mann, Bryan, and Nik Barkauskas. "Connecting Learners or Isolating Individuals?" International Journal of Cyber Ethics in Education 3, no. 2 (July 2014): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcee.2014040104.
Full textAbstract:
Cyber charter schools are online schools that deliver educational content to students in Kindergarten through 12th grade. These programs provide the entire schooling experience through remote access to a virtual learning environment. Since cyber charters are a new educational platform, there is limited scholarly research discerning if they promote or detract from social justice in education. In mainstream dialogue, supporters hail cyber charters as providers of a quality education to students dissatisfied by their traditional school settings. For opponents, the schools are framed as providers of inadequate academic outcomes with a lack of social opportunity. To synthesize these disparate arguments, the authors examine Pennsylvania cyber charter website content and news stories in the popular press. The authors then discuss how these arguments relate to a social justice framework, considering potential implications for both Pennsylvania and outside entities who may wish to implement cyber charter schools in their local context.
42
Corcoran, Sean P., and Jennifer Jennings. "The Gender Gap in Charter School Enrollment." Educational Policy 32, no. 5 (November 7, 2016): 635–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904816673737.
Full textAbstract:
Many studies have investigated whether students in charter schools differ systematically from those in traditional public schools with respect to prior achievement, special education, or English Language Learner status. None, however, has examined gender differences in charter school enrollment. Using data for all U.S. public schools over 11 years, we find charters enroll a higher fraction of girls, a gap that has grown steadily over time and is larger in secondary grades and KIPP schools. We then analyze longitudinal student-level data from North Carolina to examine whether differential rates of attrition explain this gap. We find boys are more likely than girls to exit charters once enrolled, and gender differences in attrition are larger than in traditional schools. However, the difference is not large enough to explain the full enrollment gap between charter and traditional schools in North Carolina, suggesting gaps exist from initial matriculation.
43
Karachentsev, Ivan S. "UNIVERSITY CHARTERS AS A LEGISLATIVE BASIS FOR MUSEUM BUSINESS IN RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES (XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 41 (2021): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/41/20.
Full textAbstract:
For the first time in the museum literature, the article traces the influence of university charters on the museum business in Russian universities in the XIX – early XX century. Using the original act documents extracted from the “Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire”, the author showed that the charter of 1804 and all subsequent legislative acts provided for the formation of auxiliary educational institutions in universities – offices, assemblies, anatomical theaters. It is particularly stipulated that the charter of 1804 did not use the term “museum”, since it was not widely used in Russia at that time. In the act documents at the beginning of the XIX century, the word “cabinet” was used, which was in some sense a synonym for it and was used in the sense of storage, collection. But the work prescribed by legislative acts on the selection, description and preservation of exhibits, tools, and other objects necessary for teaching, allows us to talk about the birth of museum functions in universities. Starting in 1835, the charters introduced the term “museum”, they expanded the list of educational materials and aids. Taking into account the obvious lack of knowledge on the subject under study, the author gives the entire list of educational and auxiliary institutions listed in the statutes. These are the cabinets: physical, mineralogical, botanical, zoological, technological, and the collection of machines and models for applied mathematics, collections – architectural models, pharmacological, surgical instruments, obstetrical instruments, anatomical theater and collection of exhibits, zootomic theater, and collection of exhibits, as well as the Museum of Fine Arts and Antiquities. The statutes prescribe ways to replenish university collections, including through the unhindered discharge of benefits from abroad. In the university charters and staff schedules attached to the charters, it was mandatory to specify monetary amounts, determine their distribution for the maintenance of offices and museums, as well as the heads and general staff of these university departments. The article emphasizes that the charter of 1863 spelled out in detail the procedure for approving the position of curators of cabinets and museums, and in addition, their pension provision was separately prescribed. The charter of 1884 provides an expanded list of university museums, establishes the number of employees, and addresses issues of museum management. At the end of the article, it is quite appropriate to conclude that the university charters defined the legislative foundations of the museum business in Russian universities of the XIX-early XX century
44
Tinti, F. "Charters of St Albans (Anglo-Saxon Charters XII) * Charters of Bath and Wells (Anglo-Saxon Charters XIII)." English Historical Review CXXIV, no. 511 (October 30, 2009): 1456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cep290.
Full text
45
Korkiakangas, Timo. "Late Latin Charter Treebank: contents and annotation." Corpora 16, no. 2 (August 2021): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2021.0217.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the construction and annotation of the Late Latin Charter Treebank, a set of three dependency treebanks (llct1, llct2 and llct3) which together contain 1,261 Early Medieval Latin documentary texts (i.e., original charters) written in Italy between ad 714 and 1000 (about 594,000 tokens). The paper focusses on matters which a linguistically or philologically inclined user of llct needs to know: the criteria on which the charters were selected, the special characteristics of the annotation types utilised, and the geographical and chronological distribution of the data. In addition to normal queries on forms, lemmas, morphology and syntax, complex philological research settings are enabled by the textual annotation layer of llct, which indicates abbreviated and damaged words, as well as the formulaic and non-formulaic passages of each charter.
46
Hammond, Matthew H. "Women and the adoption of charters in Scotland north of Forth,c.1150–1286." Innes Review 62, no. 1 (May 2011): 5–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2011.0003.
Full textAbstract:
This article traces the adoption of charters by women in Scotia, the core region of the kingdom of the Scots north of the Firth of Forth, in the twelfth century, and the developments in charter diplomatic employed primarily by monastic beneficiaries over the course of the following century. Initially, charters were produced in the name of countesses making donations of churches and lands to religious houses, and monastic scribes developed idiosyncratic methods of ‘strengthening’ these gifts through the confirmation of a husband or male relative. In the thirteenth century, charters in the name of women became more plentiful, especially in the case of widows, and more standard formulas emphasising the ‘lawful power of widowhood’ were employed widely. Charters also increasingly recorded donations and other acts by married women across the social scale, either on their own or jointly with their husbands. Moreover, gifts by men of lands which came to them de jure uxoris included standard diplomatic phraseology recording the consent of the wife. This article examines these trends broadly as well as through several case studies. The appendix lists 160 documents relating to women during this period.
47
Mousavi, Mir Sajjad Seyed, Vahideh Zarea Gavgani, Mohammad Ghari Seyed Fatemi, Mohammad Rasekh, Mohammad Hossein Zarei, and Ali Akbar Gorji. "Right to Health and Proportion of Right to Health Information in the Patient’s Right Charters." International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare 3, no. 2 (April 2013): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijudh.2013040107.
Full textAbstract:
Health is not lack of disease. It is an incomplete condition of psychological, physical and public welfare. Therefore to benefit from highest norms of healthiness is one of the most fundamental and necessary rights of human being. According to the Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health, and wellbeing of himself and his family.” United Nations. (2012). This paper reviews the proportion of right to health information in international, regional and national legislations and examines the patients’ right to information in patients’ right charters. This study is qualitative study it reviews the patients right charters to follow the portion of right to right to health information. International, regional, and national conventions along with the patients’ right charters of five countries from the five continents were examined against the right to health and right to health information. The Britain patient’s right charter more than other countries in this study has considered and dealt with right to information, about 4 out of 7 of its total articles refer to right to information. In contrast South Africa was assigned as the country which gives less priority to right to information among the other countries. Four out of 11 articles in the patients’ right charter of this country deals with right to health information. Iranian Patients’ right charter stood in the fourth rank after Britain, US and Australia for respecting the patients’ right to information, 2 out of 5 articles.
48
Johnston, Joseph B. "Resisting Charters." Sociology of Education 87, no. 4 (August 9, 2014): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038040714546756.
Full text
49
Carpenter, Dick Michael, and Charity Peak. "Leading charters." Management in Education 27, no. 4 (September 23, 2013): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892020613487919.
Full text
50
Wilford, Michael, Terence Coghlin, and John D. Kimball. "Time Charters." Arab Law Quarterly 6, no. 4 (1991): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3381785.
Full text