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Larsson, Anton, and Oliver Prytz. "Simulering av defekten “charge weld” analyserad mot verkligheten." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105275.
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Inom strängpressning av aluminium uppstår defekten charge weld vid byte av göt, då det gamla materialet sammanbinds med det nya. Denna defekt medför bland annat försämrad hållfasthet hos materialet. Med en ökad användning av aluminium i världen ökar även kvalitetskraven hos användarna. Defekten medför att en mängd aluminium måste skrotas och företag vill vara på den säkra sidan, därför kan mer än nödvändigt skrotas. Detta medför till en större mängd skrot och en större energianvändning då mer aluminium måste förbrukas och även smältas om. Företag har idag börjat använda sig av simulering för att ta fram den korrekta längden på profilerna som innehåller defekten charge weld. Men då simulering inom detta område är relativt nytt litar företag inte fullt ut på den då de inte vet om det är korrekt eller inte. Denna studie undersöker hur tillförlitlig simuleringen av charge weld är mot verkligheten samt ger en ökad förståelse för defekten som skall bidra till framtida utveckling. För att underlätta undersökningen av defekten på profiler genomfördes olika oförstörande provningsmetoder, för att detektera defektens längd. Det utfördes även kontroller över materialegenskaper med hjälp av dragprover. Studiens resultat säger att simuleringen inte är helt fullständig för att vissa profiler inte stämmer överens med verkligheten. Studien bekräftar även att defekten ger en försämrad hållfasthet. Den undersökning som gjordes med oförstörande provningsmetoder gav resultatet att materialet är massivt. OFP-metoder kan inte detektera defektens sammanbindning mellan gammalt och nytt göt.
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Laya, Enrique J. "Système de surveillance pour la détection du dommage de fatigue cumulée dans les structures offshore en acier." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0048.
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Pour vérifier le comportement des liaisons tubulaires soudées, étude d'un système de mesure en temps réel des déformations sur la section nominale des tubes arrivant aux noeuds ; technologiquement le système est conçu à partir des matériels existants.
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Koert, Emily Christina. "Doing well with change : what helps and what hinders well-educated immigrant women workers?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32675.
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The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the strategies that new immigrant women employ to do well with changes that affect their work. This study asked the questions: What helps and what hinders immigrant women workers to do well with changes that affect their work? What would have been more helpful to do well with these changes? Participants were 10 well-educated immigrant women. Data was gathered using semi-structured, open-ended individual interviews consistent with Flanagan's (1954) Critical
Incident Technique (CIT). Data was primarily analyzed using the CIT methodology. A total of 182 incidents that were grouped into 9 categories were extracted from the participants' interviews. The categories were: 1) Personal Beliefs/Traits/Values, 2) Relationships with friends/Family/ Colleagues, 3) Taking Action/Building Capacity, 4) Work Environment, 5)Self Care, 6) Skills/Knowledge/Credentials/Education, 7) Personal Issues/Challenges, 8) Contexual Issues/Challenges, and 9) Government/Community Resources.
The results reaffirm the findings in the existing literature on immigrant women's thriving, resilience and hardiness and adaptation and transitions after immigration while providing a more personal account of these experiences. Uniquely, while many of the participants spoke of personal sacrifice in order to ensure the well being of their families, the importance of self-care was also highlighted. The factors that immigrant women find helpful and hindering in doing well with change can inform service delivery, program development and future research studies with this population.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Hocknell, Suzanne. "Fat chance? : eating well with margarine." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27794.
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Since its invention nearly 150 years ago, margarine has proven itself adaptable to multiple ingredients and techniques whilst continuing to mimic the fatty tastes familiar to eaters in Northern Europe. In this thesis I argue that it this malleability that makes margarine a useful subject with which to explore constructions of eating-well. This thesis examines the ways in which margarine is done, why it is done in the ways that it is, and explores how such doings frame possibilities for eating-together-well. Eating-well has become something of a social obsession in the UK in recent years. Individual eating practices have become framed as a responsibility of care for personal and societal health, for agricultural workers, animal welfare and for the future of the planet. Nonetheless, it is commonly believed that although deeply personal, food habits are culturally and socially engrained, and as such are hard to change. This empirically led thesis, examines the knowledges and practices of producers and consumers, and establishes habit formation as a typical response by both producers and consumers to becoming overwhelmed with incompatible knowledges and information, compelling them to choose, prioritise and juggle ‘moral’ values. Yet, I demonstrate that such habits only remain stable until disrupted by an event which overflows and troubles this settlement. Building on this, this thesis then examines the possibilities offered by the creation of micro-events for encountering, knowing, and relating with, margarine matters anew. In this way, this thesis investigates the values, norms and power relations entangled with the presentation and enactment of margarine and its constituent parts as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ foods, examining both what these framings do, and how they are maintained. In approaching margarine matters in this way, this thesis offers three key contributions to the area of food geographies. Firstly, I demonstrate how commodity frameworks shift political problems in to a technical and administrative realm and close down spaces of critical thought and political intervention. Secondly, I establish that ‘strange encounters’ are events which can add to understandings of the more-than human world-making of food knowledges, practices, and habits. Thirdly, I determine that the novel methodological approach of ‘playing with our food’ is a productive technique with which to prefigure and rehearse more nuanced ethical understandings of eating-well as a relational doing that is excessive to consuming-well.
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Zhang, Yan. "Changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of P91 weld metal during creep." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11419/.
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Creep failure of the weld structure in P91 steel components in high temperature power plant applications is often a key factor limiting the lifetime of the components. Whilst creep failure in weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) regions has been studied widely, the creep properties of the weld metal itself have been less well documented. In this work, the creep response of P91 weld metal in isolation was investigated in terms of microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. The microstructural examination of P91 multi-pass weld metal revealed a typical weld metal structure including columnar regions and refined regions. The columnar region exhibited high hardness whilst the refined region exhibited lower hardness. The anisotropic creep behaviour of P91 weld metal was observed in creep tests of both longitudinal and transverse specimens at 650ºC and various stress levels. This behaviour can be correlated with the microstructural anisotropy observed, where longitudinal specimens with banded columnar regions and refined regions parallel to the stress axis had longer creep life than transverse specimens with overlapped typical-shape beads. Longitudinal weld specimens showed higher strain to failure than transverse specimens. The microstructural investigation of creep tested P91 weld metal revealed two primary modes of creep fractures. In addition to creep fractures along columnar grain boundaries (typical of weld metal creep failure), creep fractures were also found along creep-weak white-bands which had formed at the inter-bead boundaries. The white-band regions consisted of material where the M23C6 carbides had dissolved during creep testing; the loss of carbides had allowed recrystallisation of the martensitic structure to ferrite and consequently this material was much softer than the bulk weld metal. The element mapping over the weld metal by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) demonstrated that there was significant inhomogeneity in the distribution of certain elements, most significantly, chromium, manganese and molybdenum. This inhomogeneity resulted in strong activity gradients in carbon (even though the carbon concentration was homogeneous following welding) resulting in carbon loss from the alloy-depleted regions, the associated dissolution of carbides and the recrystallisation that accompanied this, and thus the poor mechanical properties which resulted in creep failure. The inhomogeneity in the distribution of certain alloying elements can be partially attributed to the solute partition of alloying elements during weld solidification which has been confirmed with examination of simulation P91 TIG welds. However, the homogeneity of weld metal in this case required mixing of a base steel (the core rod in the weld consumable) and particles of various ferro-alloys (delivered into the weld pool from the flux). It is argued that poor mixing in the stagnant layer (unmixed zone) at the solid-liquid interface during weld solidification also makes a significant contribution to the formation of alloy-depleted regions. The formation of white-bands has been modelled using Thermo-Calc based on the understanding of the formation mechanism involving solute partition and subsequent carbon diffusion out of the alloy-depleted region. A good correlation to experimental results has been shown in the prediction of limiting carbon concentration and M23C6 carbide content in white-bands. In addition, it was also suggested that depletion of carbides and carbon are strongly linked and that depletion of alloying elements only above a critical value will result in total carbide loss and thus recrystallisation into a white-band.
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Dzedzora, Vivian. "Probation officers and the work environment : coping well with change." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24570.
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This was a qualitative, exploratory study that focused on three research questions: 1) what is the lived experience of experienced probation officers who are coping well with change, 2) what are the self-sustaining strategies probation officers use to cope well with on-going change in their work life, what hindered them from doing well, and were there things that would have been helpful but were unavailable, and 3) whether the research interview itself had an impact on probation officers’ sense of well being. This study used a descriptive phenomenological approach to gather information about probation officers’ experiences of career and change, and the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) (Flanagan, 1954) to elicit helping and hindering incidents and wish list items. A quantitative component was embedded in the form of a pre-and-post scaling question to determine if the interview process itself had an impact on the participants. Data from the phenomenological portion of the study elicited major themes for each of the relevant questions and established the contextual framework for the CIT component of the study. Data from the CIT portion of the study elicited ten helping, hindering and wish list categories. These ten categories represent the strategies that probation officers utilize in order to cope well with change. Data from the quantitative component of the study indicated that the research interview had minimal impact on participants. Implications for further research and theory development along with suggestions for workers, organizations, and counsellors are discussed.
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Ingledew, David Keith. "Health related behaviour, stress and well-being during organisational change." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/health-related-behaviour-stress-and-wellbeing-during-organisational-change(d5c3190a-ce8d-4a70-bcf4-4cc1f4458444).html.
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This study investigated whether some coping strategies are better or worse than others, by virtue of their links with health behaviours, or their stress buffering effects. It also investigated whether some ways of attributing for success and failure in health behaviour change are better or worse than others, through their effects upon feelings, expectations, and intentions. Employees of a hospital that was closing down completed questionnaires at two points in time, one year apart (baseline N= 109; of which 102 successfully followed up). Analysis was by a combination of multivariate analysis of variance, latent class analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and regression analysis. The evidence supported a four-dimensional view of coping (cf., Cox & Ferguson, 1991), and (less strongly) a two-type model of routine health behaviours. There was little evidence that coping strategies were linked to either routine health behaviours or to health behaviours used as ways of coping. However, the use of health damaging behaviours as ways of coping was predicted somewhat by avoidance coping. Having controlled for negative affectivity, there was little evidence that coping or resources buffered the effect of stressors on well-being, or that coping mediated between resources and well-being (cf., Cohen & Edwards, 1989). There were, however, main effects of coping on well-being (e. g., avoidance coping acted to increase mental symptoms); and main and interactive effects of stressors and resources on coping (e. g., stressors acted to increase avoidance coping but resources buffered this effect). The evidence supported a four-dimensional view of attributions (cf., McAuley, Duncan, & Russell, 1992), but with differences between attributions for success and failure. There was only limited support for Weiner's (1986) model applied to health behaviour change. Of particular interest were the interactive effects of attributions on affective reactions and on intention; these effects invariably involved the stability dimension.
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Elshenawy, Tamer Abdelazim. "Criteria of design improvement of shaped charges used as oil well perforators." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/criteria-of-design-improvement-of-shaped-charges-used-as-oil-well-perforators(d627c23e-a05b-42a2-86c3-6d67dfd7b7a7).html.
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In addition to its various military applications, shaped charges have been used in oil industry as an oil well perforator (OWP) to connect oil and gas to their reservoirs. The collapse of the liner material under the explosive load produces a hypervelocity jet capable of achieving a deep penetration tunnel into the rock formation. The achieved penetration depends on the OWP design, which includes the geometry and the material of the explosive and the liner as well as the initiation mode and the casing of the shaped charge. The main purpose of this research is to assess the performance of OWP with different design aspects in terms of its penetration depth into concrete material.This research employed the Autodyn finite difference code to model the behaviour of OWPs in the stages of liner collapse, jet formation and jet penetration. The design parameters of OWPs were studied quantitatively to identify the effect of each individual parameter on the jet characteristics and the jet penetration depth into concrete material according to the API-RP43 standard test configuration. In order to validate the Autodyn jetting analysis, this research compared the jetting simulation results of copper OWP liners with those obtained from flash x-ray measurements while the numerical jet penetration into the laminated concrete target was validated experimentally by the static firing of OWPs. Above-mentioned experiments were designed and performed in this project.The validated hydrocode was implemented in this research to study the effects of the concrete target strength, the liner material and the liner shape on the jet penetration depth into concrete targets.For the target strength, the traditional virtual origin (VO) penetration model was modified to include a strength reduction term based on Johnson’s damage number and the effect of the underground confinement pressure using Drucker-Prager model. The VO analytical model is also implemented in the liner material study to account for the jet density reduction phenomena and its induced reduction of jet penetration capability. The jets obtained from machined copper and zirconium liners and from copper-tungsten powder liner all exhibited the density reduction phenomena. The modified VO model considers the non-uniform distribution of jet density based on the jet profile analysis using Autodyn and the experimental soft recovery for some tested liners. The results lead to a modified VO penetration model including the non-uniform jet density effect.For zirconium liner material, numerical and analytical studies were conducted for different flow velocities and different collapse angles in order to determine the boundaries between the jetting and non-jetting phases and whether a coherent or a non-coherent jet will form. This study indicated that the suggested four different liner shapes (i.e. the conical, the biconical, the hemispherical and the bell) will produce coherent jet when the zirconium is used as OWP liner.The validated Autodyn hydrocode is also used in this thesis to calculate the velocity difference between two neighbouring zirconium jet fragments. The velocity difference is related directly to the breakup time of an OWP jet, and thus, it is calculated for a range of zirconium liners with different liner wall thicknesses. The calculated values of velocity difference gave a clear insight for the breakup time formulae for zirconium jet in terms of the liner thickness and the charge diameter.
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Brak, Bastiaan. "Modelling weed population dynamics : impact of cultural control and climate change." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2743/.
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Over the last three decades, concern about food safety and the management of natural resources has increased. Instigated by the previous EU pesticide review, (EU 91/414) carrot growers in particular have been hit by the revocation of several post-emergence herbicides. There is real concern among growers that this may impair profits. To identify alternative weed control strategies, a modelling framework capable of simulating the impact of alternative weed management strategies on long-term weed population dynamics, was proposed. Scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum inodorum) was chosen as model weed species. The system represented in ECOSEDYN (Effects of Cultural control and climate On SEedbank DYN For each component model in ECOSEDYN the literature was reviewed to identify the best mathematical representation and then the model was parameterised. To improve accuracy of model projections and address gaps in knowledge, field experiments were conducted in two areas: soil cultivation, and plant growth and reproduction. The results of the cultivation experiments revealed that key assumptions in models for weed seed re-distribution are incorrect. The experiments focusing on plant growth and reproduction resulted in a novel approach to the modeling of biomass increase, flowering and seed shedding where the different processes were quantitatively and temporally linked using Beta functions. amics), comprises a six-year crop rotation: one year of carrot and five years winter wheat and repeated four times. The weed management strategies consist of combinations of cultural control measures (sowing time and crop maturity time). In addition, the interaction of climate with the cultural control measures was assessed by implementing two future climate scenarios, (‘No change’ vs ‘Heating up’) based on weather data over the last 18 years. The results of the ECOSEDYN simulations showed that, regardless of the prevailing climate, choosing a fast maturing carrot cultivar is by far the most important factor in maintaining the weed seedbank low. In addition, the risk for higher seedbank levels in the long-term under ‘Heating up’ climate is largest if carrot is continuously sown late.
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Bohnet, Iris Cacilia. "Exploring landscape character : a socio-ecological analysis in the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247818.
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Roy, Senjooti. "Himalayan Older Adults' Views on Indigenous Medicine: Uses, Availability, and Effects on Health and Well-Being." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1532695051816212.
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Youngblood, Shari M. "Widowhood change and well-being in a Florida leisure-oriented retirement community /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010575.
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Collie, Rebecca J. "Understanding teacher well-being and motivation : measurement, theory, and change over time." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46025.
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Teacher well-being and motivation play important roles in teacher and student experiences at school. When teachers are faring well and feeling motivated to teach, they are more effective in their teaching, leave the profession less often, and promote motivation and achievement among their students. In this dissertation, three studies that investigated teacher well-being and motivation were conducted with the aim of advancing our understanding of the two constructs, as well as how they can be promoted among teachers. Study 1 involved conceptualising, developing, and testing the Teacher Well-Being Scale, which measures three factors of teacher well-being: workload well-being, organisational well-being, and student interaction well-being. Among a sample of 603 practicing teachers, results revealed that the new measure functioned similarly across the different demographic groups in the sample and that the three factors of well-being related as expected with other constructs (stress, job satisfaction, and flourishing). Study 2 involved elaborating and testing an explanatory model of teacher well-being, motivation, job satisfaction, and affective organisational commitment that was based in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2002). Using the same sample as Study 1, structural equation modelling provided support for the model’s main relationships. In addition, there were some unexpected findings that provide directions for future research (e.g., a double-sided view of autonomy revealing that it can be associated with positive and negative types of motivation). Study 3 involved examining growth curve models of change in teacher well-being and self-efficacy for teaching over two to three months. Among a sample of 71 practicing teachers, the findings showed that teacher well-being was stable over time, whereas self-efficacy for classroom management increased (the other two types of self-efficacy that were examined, self-efficacy for student engagement and instructional strategies, did not change over time). Findings also revealed the significance of the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) in predicting teacher well-being and self-efficacy. Taken together, the three studies help to improve our understanding of the highly important variables of teacher well-being and motivation. Implications of the findings for both research and practice are discussed.
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Ansar, Shorijeh Farimah. "How will well-being insights change architecture in the post-pandemic era?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103907.
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The places in which we live have a direct influence on our health and wellbeing. The interest in human health and experience of a space was apparent in the work of 20th century architects such as Le-Corbusier and Alvar Aalto during the tuberculosis epidemic. The Paimio Sanatorium, which was a collaboration between doctors and architect by Alvar Aalto in 1929-33, was one of the most famous projects that shows the tuberculosis influence on architecture. Therefore, the need to redesign spaces in order to live a happier and healthier life began to influence modern architecture from the early 20th century. The change of body perception because of disease impacted architecture, reconfiguring it in a way that the building could function as a medical tool.
However, after years of living in a world without pandemics, designers just about to forget the importance of the design and its influence on human health. Although, the new restrictions placed on society due to Covid-19 outbreak, played an important role to reconsider the functional connection between the built environment and human wellness.
This thesis explores the ways that the built environment and its surroundings can affect human physical and mental wellbeing by examining the ways that the world has adapted to the new trends and strategies through the design of an assisted living facility in Oldtown, Alexandria, Virginia.Master of Architecture
In the early months of 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic due to Covid-19 which was first reported in China. Following the WHO declaration, people were forced to be quarantined for months. The fear of the contagious airborne disease became the most important factor in determining which spaces people can safely frequent. Therefore, space became an essential component of concern during the Covid-19 pandemic and will continue to play a role in architecture thereafter. These issues are examined through the design of an assisted living facility in Oldtown Alexandria, Virginia.
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Setter, Cassandra Marie. "Weed Control Effects on Native Species, Soil Seedbank Change, and Biofuel Production." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29318.
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Aphthona spp. flea beetles were released in the Little Missouri National Grasslands
(LMNG) in western North Dakota in 1999 to control leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). The
changes in soil seed bank composition and leafy spurge density were evaluated on two
ecological sites five (2004) and ten years (2009) after Aphthona spp. release to monitor
the effectiveness of the insects on weed control and associated change in plant
communities. In 2009, leafy spurge stem density averaged 2 and 9 stems m-2 in the loamy
overflow and loamy sites, respectively, compared to 110 and 78 stems m-2, respectively, in
1999 and 7 and 10 stems m-2, respectively, in 2004. Leafy spurge constituted nearly 67%
of the loamy overflow seed bank in 1999 compared to 17% in 2004 and 2% in 2009. In the
loamy seedbank, the weed represented nearly 70% in 1999 compared to approximately
11% in 2004 and 15% in 2009. As leafy spurge was reduced, native species diversity and
seed count increased ten years following Aphthona spp. release. High-seral species
represented 17% of the loamy overflow seedbank in 2009, an increase from 5% in 1999.
However, Kentucky bluegrass, a non-target weedy species, increased over 250% in the
loamy overflow seedbank from 2004 to 2009. The reestablishment of native plant species
has often been slow in areas where leafy spurge was controlled using Aphthona spp. A
bioassay was completed to evaluate native grass establishment when grown in soil from
Aphthona spp. release and non-release sites throughout North Dakota. Native grass
production was not affected when grown in soil collected from established Aphthona spp. sites (1.5 g per pot) compared to soil without insects (1.6 g per pot). The cause of reduced
native grass production in sites with Aphthono spp. previously observed is unknown but
may have been due to a chemical inhibition caused by the insects within the soil that no
longer exists. The native warm-season switchgrass (Ponicum virgotum L.) may be an
alternative to corn for efficient biofuel production; however, control of cool-season grassy
weeds has been a problem in switchgrass production. Various herbicides were evaluated
for smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and quackgrass [Elymus repens (L.) Gould]
control in an established switchgrass stand near Streeter, ND and a weed-infested field in
Fargo, ND. Switchgrass yield was higher than the control 14 mo after treatment (MAT)
when aminocyclopyrachlor or sulfometuron were applied early in the growing season, but
no treatment provided satisfactory long-term grassy weed control. Herbicides were
reevaluated at increased rates for smooth bromegrass or quackgrass control in Fargo.
Sulfometuron provided 99% smooth bromegrass control when applied at 280 g ha-1 in the
fall but injured other grass and forb species as well. Sulfometuron would likely be
injurious to switchgrass and could not be used for biofuel production.
Aminocyclopyrachlor did not injure other grass species but only reduced smooth
bromegrass control by 76% when applied at 280 g ha-1 in the fall. No treatment provided
satisfactory long-term quackgrass control.
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Pursglove, Lorna Rukin. "The holistic evaluation of employee hope, well-being and engagement through change." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2014. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/261/.
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The landscape of the public sector has changed. Economic recession and the demand for greater efficiencies have created a need to measure and improve employee well-being, whilst attaining individual and organisational goals without additional financial reward. Drawing upon hope theory as defined by C.R. Snyder, particular attention is given to the predictive nature of trait hope over other state-like constructs of psychological capital, including hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism. In literature, hope is recognised for its state and trait-like qualities. It is defined as an active process through which goals can be attained through agentic thinking and pathways actions. Research (Bandler & Grinder, 1979; Woodbury, 1999; Green, 2001: Silbiger, 1999; Pullin, 2002) supports the view that individuals who attain individual goals are more likely to achieve organisational objectives. Furthermore, hope has been found to be an important predictor of psychological adjustment to stressful life events (Michael & Snyder, 2005; Valle et al. 2006) and an organisation which fosters hopeful thinking in employees, can counter the detrimental impact of change fatigue by encouraging employees to work towards a shared goal. Hope as a singular construct is compared to well-being as defined by four questions devised by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and employee engagement in a survey of 242 employees. To breach the gap in the availability of large or longitudinal data sets relating to hope in the workplace, benchmarking of the same employee engagement and well-being questions is conducted using staff survey data of a large civil service department over a five-year period. Findings are also benchmarked to the national UK findings of the ONS evaluation of well-being. A decline in engagement as defined specifically by four questions looking at role and purpose, contribution of individual work and perception of motivational support to achieve organisational objectives was found across the five-year period which correlated with the most significant periods of change. Employees who are high in hope report better engagement, are more satisfied with life and are happier at work using new national measures of well-being than those with hope scores below the mean. When taken together evidence suggests a holistic explanation of subjective well-being and future ability for goal attainment can be made through a simple combined application of hope and well-being scales in the workplace.
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Sekulova, Filka. "On the Economics of Happiness and Climate Change." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120213.
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The present study bridges the field of happiness economics with the economics of climate change, based on two research questions. One is related to the effects of (extreme) climate events on individual happiness and their qualitative measurement. The empirical method to analyze this relation includes the identification of proxies of extreme climate events and studying their relationships with well-being for the impacted population. Here floods, and to some extent forest fires, are taken as an approximation of extreme climate events. The second research question concerns the way happiness studies can inform climate policy and how stringent climate policy would affect well-being. Assuming that effective climate abatement implies a reduction in the rate of economic (income) growth and carbon intensive consumption, I look at how income decline influences subjective well-being in the context of the economic crisis in Spain. To explore the happiness effect of a wider range of climate change mitigation strategies, including ones which are not solely policy-oriented, the sharing of goods is also taken as a case of a community-based initiative resulting in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
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Sundblad, Daniel R. "Community well-being, individual responsibility, and agricultural change an analysis of Iowa communities /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Sons, Meike [Verfasser], Cornelia [Akademischer Betreuer] Niessen, and Cornelia [Gutachter] Niessen. "Job Change and Well-Being / Meike Sons ; Gutachter: Cornelia Niessen ; Betreuer: Cornelia Niessen." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214443443/34.
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Tollervey, Jonathan E. "Climate change, human well-being and livelihoods in Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569459.
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This research aimed to determine how the potential impacts of climate change upon the hydrological cycle in Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, could affect the ability of stakeholders to achieve positive livelihood outcomes and influence human well- being, by affecting the delivery of key provisioning ecosystem services (ES). This was undertaken with reference to two physically similar but hydrologically different study sites that are considered to be hydrologically representative of each other under different climate change scenarios (as predicted by the SWAT hydrological model). Both sites are located at different points along a trajectory between being water scarce and having surplus water (the upstream site having less water). The premise was that by comparing both these sites in relation to their current respective capacities to deliver hydrologically sensitive ES, speculation could be made as to how both sites might function under climate change. By also understanding how the delivery of these ES can influence the ability of stakeholders to achieve positive livelihood outcomes and enhance human well-being, it was also possible to examine how climate change will affect these parameters in the future. A five-tiered strategy involving qualitative, semi-quantitative, quantitative, modelling and theoretical methodologies delivered meaningful understandings of site-specific relationships between stakeholders and key hydrologically sensitive ES, including those surrounding the provision of crops, fish, forest products and water resources. These assessments established that virtually every relationship contrasted to some extent across the two study sites, with downstream stakeholders normally finding it easier to achieve positive livelihood outcomes. When all the assessments were evaluated together within the context of the thesis premise, and based upon the broad assumption that at some point in the future, the overall study area will begin to deliver ES to a similar extent as the current downstream site, it was concluded that climate change will affect specific livelihood components and constituents of human well-being in a predominantly positive way. This finding starkly contrasts with those of many other studies, which predict that climate change will have significantly detrimental and negative impacts upon livelihoods and well-being in India. The overarching thesis conclusion also suggests that climate change may not always be a major obstacle towards achieving a number of the Millennium Development Goals. Furthermore, this research has helped to Increase our understanding of the links between hydrology, ecosystems (and biodiversity) in the study area and the benefits that people enjoy from nature, whilst also demonstrating that these links are both multiple and complex. Consequently, this thesis can help to inform, assist and support policy and decision makers when preparing India for the challenges that its society and economy may face in the future.
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Lissner, Tabea. "Limitations to human livelihoods and well-being in the context of climate change." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17048.
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Diese Arbeit entwickelt zunächst einen Ansatz, der die Quantifizierung der Angemessenheit von Lebensbedingungen für Wohlbefinden und Entwicklung (Adequate Human livelihood conditions for wEll-being And Development (AHEAD)) auf globaler Ebene ermöglicht. Der Ansatz erlaubt es, sektorale Klimaauswirkungen direkt in Beziehung zu den Voraussetzungen für adäquate Lebensbedingungen zu setzen. Weiterhin befasst sich die Arbeit im Detail mit den Themen Wasserverfügbarkeit und menschlicher Gesundheit und zeigt auf, wie regionale und lokale Untersuchungen die Aussagekraft von allgemeinen, globalen Studien erweitern können. Die Ergebnisse des zeigen, dass Wasser als Element von AHEAD eine besonders aktive Komponente des Systems ist, so dass durch Klimawandel bedingte Veränderungen starke Auswirkungen auf das Gesamtsystem zur Folge haben können. Die Quantifizierung von AHEAD zeigt außerdem, dass Wasserknappheit die Lebensbedingungen bereits heute in vielen Regionen limitiert und Auswirkungen des Klimawandels diese Limitierungen weiter verstärken. Die detaillierte Analyse zum Thema Wasser ermöglicht die Ableitung von geeigneten Ansatzpunkten zur Verbesserung der Bedingungen. In einem ähnlichen Ansatz werden die vielfältigen sozio-ökonomischen und natürlichen Einflussfaktoren, die die Auswirkungen von Hitzestress auf die menschliche Gesundheit beeinflussen integriert, so dass die Ableitung relevanter Informationen zur Reduktion von Klimaauswirkungen auf das menschliche Wohlbefinden möglich wird. Eine Verbindung der vorgestellten Ansätze erlaubt es, Aussagen über die Art, die Intensität sowie die räumliche Ausprägung von aktuellen und zukünftigen Einschränkungen von Lebensbedingungen zu treffen.This thesis develops an approach to assess Adequate Human livelihood conditions for wEll-being And Development (AHEAD) on a global scale. The approach allows to relate sectoral impacts of climate change to an integrated measure of livelihood limitations, taking into account important determinants of the society as well as the environment. Additionally, detailed sectoral studies on water availability and human health show how local and regional studies of specific livelihood aspects can complement generic, global assessments and provide an overall indication of the nature, severity and spatial distribution of limitations to human livelihoods. The results show, that water as an element of AHEAD is one of the most active system components. Impacts of climate change on water may have strong indirect effects on livelihood adequacy. The potential impacts of changes in water availability on AHEAD are quantified, showing that water scarcity limits livelihood adequacy in many regions of the world. The utilisation of an ensemble of climate change and water models further allows to assess the relevance of model related uncertainty in this regard. As water availability plays a crucial role for the fulfilment of livelihood needs, the global assessment is complemented by a detailed analysis of the adequacy of water availability for relevant sectors. By taking into account sector-specific determinants, the approach allows to depict limitations in detail, also giving indications as to how water adequacy may be improved. Similarly, the analysis of heatwave impacts on human health provides a methodology to assess the multiple environmental and human influences which affect vulnerability and provides specific information on potential adaptation measures to reduce climate impacts. By identifying the most decisive limiting factors, applicable information on how to most effectively improve human livelihoods is generated.
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Rydell, Sofi. "”I am not well, and need a change” : Charlotte Brontës Shirley i ny översättning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256611.
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Den här masteruppsatsen består av fyra delar: en nyöversättning från engelska till svenska av ett utdrag ur Charlotte Brontës roman Shirley (1849), en översättningskommentar som går igenom ett antal problemområden, en språklig undersökning samt ett avsnitt om nyöversättning. Den språkliga undersökningen utgörs av en jämförelse mellan användningen av pronominella adverb i uppsatsens översättning av Shirley och i den äldre svenska översättningen från 1854. Studien fokuserar på adverb med förleden där- och var-. Nyöversättningsavsnittet består av en sammanställning av forskningsläget, erfarenheter från nyöversättningen av Shirley samt intervjuer med översättarna Kerstin Gustafsson och Gun-Britt Sundström. I avsnittet redogörs för förlagens, översättarnas och mottagarnas perspektiv på nyöversättning. Dessutom behandlas hur begreppen ”foreignization” och ”domestication” kan appliceras på nyöversättningar samt hur källtexten och dess nya och gamla översättningar påverkar varandra.This master thesis consists of four parts: a retranslation from English to Swedish of an extract from Charlotte Brontë’s novel Shirley (1849), a theoretical comment on the translation dealing with some of the translation problems, a linguistic study, and a section on retranslation. The linguistic study compares the use of pronominal adverbs in the retranslation of Shirley and the old translation from 1854. The study focuses on adverbs with the prefixes där- and var-. The section on retranslation consists of a compilation of current research, observations from the process of retranslating Shirley, and interviews with two translators, Kerstin Gustafsson and Gun-Britt Sundström. The section describes the publishers’, the translators’ and the recipients’ perspectives on retranslation. In addition, it is discussed how the two concepts “foreignization” and “domestication” can be applied to retranslations, and how the source text and its old and new translations influence each other.
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Cox, Melanie. "Impacts of changes in coastal waterway condition on human well-being /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19564.pdf.
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Gannamaneni, Avinash. "Using massive online choice experiments to measure changes in well-being." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109654.
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Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 30-33).
Digital technologies have transformed the nature of production and the types of goods and services consumed in modern economies. Yet our measurement framework for economic growth has not fundamentally changed since the 1930s. In principle, a better approach is now feasible. Specifically, changes in consumer surplus (compensating expenditure) are superior to changes in GDP as a measure of changes in consumer well-being, especially for digital goods. In practice, consumer surplus has been difficult to measure. We explore the potential for massively scalable online Single Binary Discrete Choice experiments to measure changes in consumer surplus for digital goods. Through these experiments we seek to measure consumers' willingness to accept compensation for losing access to various digital goods and thereby estimate the changes in consumer surplus from these goods. Because very large numbers of Americans can now be reached electronically, changes in consumer surplus and other new measures of well-being derived from online choice experiments have the potential for providing cost-effective supplements to existing national income and product accounts. Our results indicate that digital goods have created enormous gains in well-being which are largely missed by conventional measure of GDP and productivity, and suggest that our approach can be scaled up to a broader set of goods and services. Two limitations of our methods are that they are much less precise than changes in GDP and they suffer from hypothetical bias. We estimate how much of an improvement in precision can be achieved with a larger sample size and various demographic controls and we document the direction and magnitude of bias present in our approach by conducting an incentive compatible study for Facebook. By periodically querying a large, representative sample of goods and services, including those which are not priced in existing markets, these methods could provide an estimate of annual changes in consumer well-being.
by Avinash Gannamaneni.
S.M. in Management Research
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Lamb, William. "Identifying and learning from sustainable development pathways." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/identifying-and-learning-from-sustainable-development-pathways(9d7f1022-7302-47a8-bbe0-667652b5d6c9).html.
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With the Paris Agreement calling for climate change to be held "well below" 2oC, and the release of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, the international community has reaffirmed its commitment to enabling human progress within the constraints of the biosphere. In major assessments, a common approach is to examine climate and development trade-offs under a framework of economic costs, rather than human well-being, despite the latter being a potentially more accurate way to portray real development outcomes. This thesis elaborates on these links between well-being, carbon emissions and climate change mitigation; it identifies the implications of this new framework, and examines whether it is possible to achieve both low-emissions and high well-being within the limitations of society, economy and the climate. A fundamental issue is whether minimum thresholds of energy consumption necessary for satisfying human needs can be extended to all without exceeding the 2oC goal and further endangering well-being. This is found to be a key trade-off that requires either a deep commitment to emissions reductions in Northern countries, or the avoidance of carbon-intensive infrastructures in the South. Nonetheless, there are already examples of countries that have attained high levels of well-being in multiple dimensions of human need at little cumulative emissions cost, and according to current growth trends will continue to do so with a minimal impact on the shared carbon space. These nations are also diverse in terms of their underlying drivers of carbon emissions (and thus challenges in mitigation), and may provide a rich source of climate-development policy for emerging countries in the global South. However, it is understood that systematic political-economic constraints are preventing a convergence of well-being outcomes and emissions impact across the development hierarchy, highlighting the social and political (rather than technical) issues that must be addressed in order to safely transition society towards a low-carbon future.
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LaCoursiere, Jacob A. "STAGES OF RELATIONSHIP CHANGE AND INDIVIDUAL AND COUPLE ADJUSTMENT." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/521.
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Although Prochaska and DiClemente (1984) considered the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) to be relevant to couples therapy, there is a paucity of research in this area. Understanding how couples initiate change in their relationship still proves difficult due to barriers in the collection of couple level data and the fact that the majority of research on the TTM is individualistic in nature (Fowers, 2001; Schneider, 2003). Schneider (2003) reported that research suggests a relationship between change processes and relationship adjustment in couples. To my knowledge this study is the first test of the reliability and correlates of relationship change, beyond Schneider’s initial work. The purpose of the present study was to examine how individual adjustment and readiness to change affect relationship adjustment. Data were collected from a sample of 389 married and cohabitating individuals using a self-report survey. Readiness to change was found to partially mediate the relationship between individual well-being and relationship adjustment. This link underscores the concept of women as health gatekeepers of the family. The present study validates research on the TTM with individuals but draws further attention to the idea that changing a dyadic relationship is not an individual process.
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Keith, Diana Catherine. "Rural residents' perspectives regarding community change, challenges, and well-being, a socio-ecological case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/NQ39551.pdf.
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Titus, Shirleen. "Investigating the experiences of gratitude during organizational change." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2908_1306908289.
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The interpretation of this qualitative study indicates that individuals, teams and the organisation can benefit through allowing focus of unlocking that which provides a positive stimulus during challenging times in organisational settings. For social scientists, and in particular behavioural scientists, including industrial psychologists that are interested in positive psychology, it is hoped that there is an invitation to grow this area of research further and to gain new insights and direction for what are the enablers to experience positive change and gratitude.
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Kazi, Aisha. "Psychological and Physical Adjustment to Breast Cancer over 12 Months Following a Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management Intervention: Identifying Distinct Trajectories of Change." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/135.
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Breast cancer is a devastating disease that affects thousands of women every year influencing their psychological and physical well-being for many years after being diagnosed. The goal of the current study was to determine if there are distinct trajectories of functioning among breast cancer patients in the domains of negative psychological adjustment, positive psychological adjustment, and physical adjustment. This was accomplished using growth mixture modeling. Another goal of this study was to determine whether demographic, medical, and psychosocial variables were able to distinguish among the trajectories. The study combined women from two samples spanning 10 years providing a sample size of 376 women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer. These women were recruited to participate in a 10-week cognitive behavioral stress management intervention and were either randomized to the 10-week experimental condition or a one-day control group. It was hypothesized that distinct trajectories would emerge for each of the domains and that psychosocial variables (i.e., social support, benefit finding, and emotional approach coping) would distinguish among the trajectories. This study was able to statistically identify multiple classes or trajectories of adjustment, consistent with findings reported by Helgeson and colleagues (2004) and Donovan and colleagues (2007). It is difficult to say, however, whether these classes differ in clinically significant ways. The present study also provides a cautionary note to researchers who intend to use growth mixture modeling to identify different trajectories of functioning and the limitations associated with this statistical technique. First, it is important to start this process with strong empirical or theoretical support for the possibility of different classes or trajectories. Without this foundation it becomes difficult to justify why a certain number of classes were chosen. Another limitation of this statistical approach is that there is not a standard method for determining the best number of classes. There are conflicting opinions among researchers in the field about the best fit index to use when the multiple fit indices do not converge. A serious issue related to this is the fact that classes are used for interpreting results and drawing conclusions and inferences. Therefore, clinicians using GMM must be careful when deciding on the number of classes and the clinical inferences drawn from these analyses. Further research needs to be conducted validating these statistical techniques.
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Beaudet, Marie P. "The measurement of change in well-being in a longitudinal study of pre- and post-retirees." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/784.
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The primary focus of this dissertation is an empirical investigation of three approaches to the measurement of longitudinal change. For the present study, difference scores, residual change scores, and percentage gain scores are compared to determine if their use results in similar findings when the relationships between three resource areas (health, social, and financial) and subjective well-being are analyzed. The propositions which are tested were derived from current aging theories. Meta-analysis procedures were employed to synthesize past research findings in gerontology. The data which were analyzed are those of the Longitudinal Retirement History Study (LRHS), a research project sponsored by the Social Security Administration. The sample consists of 8922 continuers who participated in the 1969, 1971, and 1973 waves of data collection. Findings from the meta-analysis suggest that the correlation coefficients calculated from the LRHS data on the relationship between subjecive well-being and the areas of health resources and social resources are similar to those of other aging studies. The relationship between measures of financial resources and subjective well-being is stronger for the LRHS respondents than that reported in other aging studies. The results on the analysis of longitudinal change indicate that change in health resources and in financial resources are significant predictors of subjective well-being at a later-point-in-time and of change in subjective well-being. For the present study, change in social resources contributes little to the regression equations. The three selected approaches to the measurement of change rank individuals similarly on the construct of change. However, the use of difference scores, residual change scores, and percentage gain scores does not always result in similar findings when multivariate procedures are used. Residual change scores appear to possess a number of advantages. They tend, however, to be strongly related to the time 2 scores from which they are derived, a phenomenon not emphasized in the measurement of change literature. Improving the reliability of measures, allowing adequate time for change to occur, and using sample sizes which are large are suggested to maximize the possibility of obtaining correlation coeffecients based on change scores which are large and stable.
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Genevey, Daniel Bruno. "Transient Model of Heat,Mass,and Charge transfer as well as Electrochemistry in the Cathode Catalyst Layer of a PEMFC." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36286.
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A transient model of the cathode catalyst layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is presented. The catalyst layer structure can be described as a superposition of the polymer membrane, the backing layer, and some additional platinum particles. The model, which incorporates some of the features of the pseudo-homogeneous models currently present in the literature, considers the kinetics of the electrochemical reaction taking place at the platinum surface, the proton transport through the polymer agglomerates, and the oxygen and water transport within the pores as well as the membrane material of the catalyst layer. Due to the lower porosity of this region and the higher liquid water content, the catalyst layer can be current limiting in the fuel cell. Furthermore, since the cost of the catalyst material is critical, it is important to have a model predicting the effective utilization of this catalyst layer as well as one, which gives insights into how it might be improved.
Equations are presented for the mass conservation of reactants and products, the electrical and ionic currents, and the conservation of energy. A discussion of a number of the closure relations such as the Butler-Volmer equation employed is included as is a discussion of the initial and boundary conditions applied. The mathematical model is solved using a finite elements approach developed at the I.U.S.T.I.Master of Science
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Goss, Anita Judith. "The psychometric assessment of competence in ambulatory, well elderly." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185014.
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The purpose of this study was twofold: to test the Competence Model for Normal Aging and to generate valid and reliable indices of mental health outcomes in elderly clients. A correlational descriptive design accommodated the psychometric assessment of the instruments with a causal modeling methodology. The relationship between competence and self-esteem was the primary focus. Theoretical model testing was used to test the causal relationships between competence and three estimates of cognition: causal attributions, self-efficacy, and value. Associated demographic variables, age, and gender, were included in the model. Well elders (n = 137) living independently in Tucson participated in the study by completing 9 instruments within a 40-minute testing period. The mean age of the group was 73 (sd = 7.9). A quarter of the sample was at least 80 years old. All participants were caucasian, with more than twice the number of females than males. Most participants were married or widowed. The instruments met validity and reliability criteria in varying degrees. Hypothesis 1 was supported in both the separate success and failure models and the total sample theoretical model. Self-efficacy (β = .48) and value (β = .27) predicted competence (R² = .42). The social subscale of competence was strongly predicted by the same variables (β = .53, β = .26; R² = .39). The same predictors were evident in the total sample theoretical model (β = .52; β = .25; R² = .38). Hypothesis 2 was partially supported. Self-efficacy predicted total competence (β = .49; R² = .30) and the social dimension of competence (β = .59; R² = .32). Hypothesis 2 was minimally supported in the total sample theoretical model by self-efficacy (β = .29) predicting the social component of competence (R² = .44). Hypothesis 3 was most strongly supported. Competence predicted self-esteem under multiple conditions (βs averaged .43). The associated demographic and gender variables made minimal contributions to the model, except under failure conditions. Not being married and being a male negatively impacted upon competence (β = -.21; β = -.39; R² = .31). Both theoretical and empirical model results have similar explained variances. The theoretical model provided key information regarding the process of self-esteem, and the empirical model provided a guide for clinicians to measure mental health outcomes.
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Kurtin, Sandra Elaine 1958. "Relationship of life-change, spiritual perspective and perceived well-being to hope in adults with recurrent cancer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277282.
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The purposes of this study were to describe the relationship of life-change, spiritual perspective and perceived well-being to hope in 24 adults with recurrent cancer, and to describe the personal meaning of cancer recurrence in the same population. A significant relationship between hope and spiritual perspective was identified (r =.39, p =.03). No significant relationship was identified between hope and life-change or perceived well-being, although life-change was inversely related to perceived well-being (r =.39, p =.01). Subjects were moderately hopeful despite their knowledge of a potentially limited life span. The experience of cancer recurrence was described as unique requiring cognitive adaptation to assimilate the changes imposed by the diagnosis and treatment. Implications for nursing practice and further research were identified.
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Smith, Joel Vincent. "Studies on the effect of marital status change upon life-cycle well-being of women and children /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992914.
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Rulli, James. "Restructured communities and well-being : infant deaths and industrial change in The Ohio River Valley, 1970-90 /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487951907959869.
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El, Zoghbi Mona B. "Youth engagement with climate change and well-being : a study of Dutch and South African university students." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2013. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/2460/.
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This doctoral study investigates the different forms, levels, and pathways of youth engagement with climate change and the implications for the well-being of youth in different contexts of vulnerability and adaptability. It aims to understand such engagement through the accounts and interactions of youth themselves and within their own environmental, socio-cultural, and political context, thereby contributing a holistic understanding of youth engagement in specific countries, an area under-researched in current literature. cultural stereotypes, and socio-political worldviews and structures; b) the need for enhancing young people's skills and prospects for future employment and welfare within an increasingly interconnected, technologically-driven, and sustainability-oriented workplace, through incorporating more critical, futures-oriented, and inter-disciplinary pedagogies of education and learning for sustainability within the higher education curriculum; c) the importance of academic and socio-political spaces and opportunities that foster critical reflection, interpersonal interaction, and collective action in strengthening young people's influence for change and their subjective and social well-being; and d) the need for more critical and empowering platforms and pathways that promote meaningful youth engagement and conscious power-sharing amongst youth and other stakeholders in society. Key recommendations emphasize multi-stakeholder partnerships with youth across political, academic, medical, civic and corporate spectrums to empower young people, especially higher education youth, to meaningfully contribute to future educational, developmental, and health agendas and strategies. The study aligns its conceptual and methodological rationale through applying a critical interpretivist research approach which ensures an analytical, contextual, and in-depth understanding of such engagement in different countries. It is conducted in the Netherlands and South Africa, which historically have had distinct vulnerabilities and approaches to climate change and diverse pathways for youth engagement. Particular emphasis is placed on higher education youth who constitute the future leaders, informed decision makers, and active and innovative agents of society. Fieldwork was undertaken throughout 2011, coinciding with the International Year of Youth and the COP17 international climate change conference. In each country, focus groups were conducted with university and college students from diverse socio-demographic and academic backgrounds. These focus groups sought depth and meaning through critical reflection, futures thinking, and a profound and interactive dialogic process. Qualitative interviews investigated more in-depth the emerging themes; whereas participant-observation, meetings with key informants, and document review promoted a comprehensive and valid understanding of the context in which such engagement is taking place. Key findings reveal: a) the contextual power differentials that strongly shape youth efficacy and agency, especially personal demographic and academic backgrounds, cultural stereotypes, and socio-political worldviews and structures; b) the need for enhancing young people's skills and prospects for future employment and welfare within an increasingly interconnected, technologically-driven, and sustainability-oriented workplace, through incorporating more critical, futures-oriented, and inter-disciplinary pedagogies of education and learning for sustainability within the higher education curriculum; c) the importance of academic and socio-political spaces and opportunities that foster critical reflection, interpersonal interaction, and collective action in strengthening young people's influence for change and their subjective and social well-being; and d) the need for more critical and empowering platforms and pathways that promote meaningful youth engagement and conscious power-sharing amongst youth and other stakeholders in society. Key recommendations emphasize multi-stakeholder partnerships with youth across political, academic, medical, civic and corporate spectrums to empower young people, especially higher education youth, to meaningfully contribute to future educational, developmental, and health agendas and strategies.
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Ramsey, R. Douglas. "Changes in rural community well-being, a case of the tobacco-belt, southern Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0030/NQ27465.pdf.
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Rouse, Peter C. "An examination of motivational and social psychological processes related to mental well-being during physical activity behaviour change." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2886/.
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Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable behaviour that carries implications for the mental health of the UK. Theory-driven research highlights that the reasons why we participate in PA, not just the act of participation, carry important consequences for human psychological growth, optimal functioning and well-being. Implementing cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental designs, this thesis, tests the application and predictive utility of Selfdetermination theory in the health domain of PA behaviour change. Results highlight that the social-environment surrounding individuals before, during and after an exercise referral programme, along with one’s motivational regulations, have important consequences for intentions to be physically active and mental well-being. A SDT-based observational instrument operationalised the environment afforded by exercise professionals during one-to-one PA interactions. This more objective measure may provide further insight into the psychological processes responsible for behavioural and psychological outcomes. Finally, this thesis commences investigations into the moderating role of motivation on the limited self-control resource and the ability to employ counteractive control strategies that help one to achieve important health goals. Knowledge of the processes responsible for psychological health and behavioural intentions before, during and after PA interventions along with the ability to employ self-control, may carry important practical implications for future PA interventions.
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Volan, Sissel. "Educational reform and change in the south : a matter of restructuring as well as reculturing - experiences from Zambia." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398208.
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This thesis sets out to address the question of how Change Theory may help in understanding the process of educational reform in a developing country - Zambia. The study uses the voices of key actors in the change process to heighten understanding of what happens as reform is introduced. The study has also been designed to track the reform process in Zambia as a means to refining Change Theory and for the development of broader principles which may illuminate educational reform efforts elsewhere. Since the 'end product' is towards a qualitative understanding of process and dynamic, the study is longitudinal and uses a multi-method qualitative research methodology. The thesis looks at theories of educational reform and change, focusing initially on material from the developed world but picking up on research and literature from the South as well. The role of the school in an increasingly globalised environment is examined and the complexities of the change process are assessed. Recent trends in development assistance to education such as the Sector Wide Approach are furthermore discussed. The history and the current status of education in Zambia and its challenges are dealt with as an introduction to BESSIP, the Basic Education Sub-Sector Investment Programme. The thesis then turns to the voices of the key actors in the process of change. Teachers, parents, community leaders, Ministry officials and children themselves are included in the analysis. The findings of the research are then brought together, indicating the categories into which informants' responses might be organised. A structure of issues emerges from the analysis dealing with the actual process of reform, levels of participation and exclusion and concerns regarding empowerment. Some familiar principles from international research are confirmed; for example, change mandated from the top is commonplace whilst evidence suggests that pressure from above accompanied by pressure from below are necessary for real change to take root. The study demonstrates thzLt decentralisation of control does not necessarily lead to greater equity, that quality in education needs to be related to the real life world of the pupils and that the cultural context is all important in anchoring innovation to reality. The study concludes that a reform programme like BESSIP is much more than a technical restructuring of an educational system. Embedded in the reforrn is the task of changing the culture of a major social service like education from a top down bureaucratic structure to a more demand driven system. The deep and long term challenge is identified as the reculturing process.
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Kotsou, Ilios. "Emotional plasticity: the impact of the development of emotional competence on well-being. Conditions, effects and change processes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/246651.
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This thesis focuses on the acquisition of emotional competence (EC) skills in adults and its impact on well being. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the definition of EC, including a review of EC in order to better understand and operationalize its main dimensions and correlates. We also present a systematic review of EC intervention studies on adult populations in order to assess their outcomes and make recommendations for the development and implementation of future interventions. We then provide a theoretical and practical framework for emotional competence (EC) based interventions. We describe the main components of an EC intervention, underline the important characteristics of the intervention pedagogy and discuss theoretical and practical implications of this framework.In a second part we investigate whether a sustainable improvement in emotional competencies is possible in adults, and what are the conditions and effects of this improvement on well-being (e.g. on mental and physical health and quality of interpersonal relationships). Results of three empirical studies confirm that EC can be significantly increased following an intervention (and compared to a control group) and that this intervention impacts favourably personal and interpersonal well-being as measured by psychological health, quality of relationship and employability.A last part of the thesis explores the mechanisms underlying this improvement of competencies and well-being. We focus on emotional acceptance, self-compassion, self kindness and behavioural flexibility. Because there was no scale measuring self-compassion or self kindness in French, we validate two scales and assess the relationships between these constructs and well-being.We then examined the possible benefits of emotional acceptance and behavioural flexibility in a randomized controlled study, showing how increasing emotional competence can enhance these change processes and how these processes can, in turn, enhance well-being.This research helps to further elucidate the role of active change processes in EC increase related to the promotion of well-being.Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Siddiquee, Muhammad. "Understanding health and well-being changes : a case study of the 'Targeting the Ultra Poor' program in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-health-and-wellbeing-changes-a-case-study-of-the-targeting-the-ultra-poor-program-in-bangladesh(cd599d08-1980-40c8-89cf-4dbc7be3719a).html.
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Targeting the ultra poor (TUP) is an integrated, grant-based, anti-poverty intervention in rural Bangladesh. It combines productive asset grants (mainly livestock), confidence building, enterprise training, healthcare, cash and social security support for protecting the ultra poor's consumption, promoting their wealth accumulation and preventing the negative effects of illness. This thesis examines TUP's effects on health (i.e., physical, behavioural, psychological and promotional) and well-being (i.e., food consumption) of ultra poor people. It analyses the impact dynamics (i.e., short-, medium- and long-terms) of health and well-being, food consumption vulnerability to shocks and TUP's differential effects on well-being. The thesis examines these issues constructing a more reliable matched panel from the BRAC's original balanced panel dataset, which is quasi-experimental in nature. The estimates using conditional difference-in-difference (DID) approach with household fixed effects indicate that TUP has had beneficial effects on health and well-being including reduced illness, healthcare sought from modern practitioners, self-reported health improvements, clean water, safer sanitation and improvements in overall wellbeing. However, these health outcomes are not sustained in the long-term (even decay) because of the program design and the lack of household preferences to maintain and invest in health outcomes (e.g. sanitation). In contrast, findings confirm the long-term beneficial effects on well-being. It also suggests the use of BRAC's original sample may lead to a downward bias in TUP's impact assessment on health and well-being as it does not adequately control for the differences in initial conditions among the treatment and control households. Analysis reveals that both health and non-health shocks are prevalent to ultra poor households and are associated with their food consumption vulnerability. However, TUP smooths food consumption through direct and indirect mitigating effects. The results also suggest that being a TUP household improves access to NGOs for shock-induced borrowing. However, food consumption insurance role does come at the cost of production efficiency. Further empirical investigation using the quantile treatment effects (QTE) and the conditional quantile difference-in-difference (QDID) approaches point to a minor differential effect on well-being in the medium- and long-terms. Finally, the QDID approach shows that though TUP works best for the poorest of the ultra poor, it impacts well-being positively from the lower to the upper tail of the food consumption distribution. Therefore, estimation methods used to the matched panel confirm a positive and lasting impact of TUP on food consumption, which supports the extreme poverty-alleviating effects of TUP in rural Bangladesh.
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Carline, Roger Timothy. "One dimensional modelling of the charge control in square quantum well pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs field effect transistors for use in device design." Thesis, University of York, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304163.
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Hoyer, Jürgen, Jens Fecht, Wolfgang Lauterbach, and Ralf Schneider. "Changes in Conflict, Symptoms, and Well-Being during Psychodynamic and Cognitive-Behavioral Alcohol Inpatient Treatment." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133719.
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Background: According to Grawe’s psychological therapy approach, conflict reduction can be expected not only in psychodynamic, but also in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This was tested in an effectiveness study. Changes in cognitive conflicts, along with those of symptom severity and well-being were analyzed during alcohol inpatient treatment. Methods: Four times during treatment, groups of patients receiving psychodynamic therapy (n = 45 patients) or CBT (n = 49 patients) were measured and compared. Lauterbach’s Online Conflict Test was used to measure conflict. Symptom severity and well-being were measured using questionnaires. Results: Results showed significant conflict decrease in both groups with a tendency towards faster reduction under CBT. There was also significant change in symptom severity and well-being in both groups with no difference regarding reduction gradient. Moreover, patients in the psychodynamic treatment group exhibited lower symptom scores at treatment begin which may be a consequence of clinical group assignment. Conclusions: In general, the findings confirmed Grawe’s theoretical assumptions. Generalizability to other diagnostic groups and other clinical settings remains to be testedDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Hoyer, Jürgen, Jens Fecht, Wolfgang Lauterbach, and Ralf Schneider. "Changes in Conflict, Symptoms, and Well-Being during Psychodynamic and Cognitive-Behavioral Alcohol Inpatient Treatment." Karger, 2001. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26479.
Full textAbstract:
Background: According to Grawe’s psychological therapy approach, conflict reduction can be expected not only in psychodynamic, but also in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This was tested in an effectiveness study. Changes in cognitive conflicts, along with those of symptom severity and well-being were analyzed during alcohol inpatient treatment.
Methods: Four times during treatment, groups of patients receiving psychodynamic therapy (n = 45 patients) or CBT (n = 49 patients) were measured and compared. Lauterbach’s Online Conflict Test was used to measure conflict. Symptom severity and well-being were measured using questionnaires.
Results: Results showed significant conflict decrease in both groups with a tendency towards faster reduction under CBT. There was also significant change in symptom severity and well-being in both groups with no difference regarding reduction gradient. Moreover, patients in the psychodynamic treatment group exhibited lower symptom scores at treatment begin which may be a consequence of clinical group assignment.
Conclusions: In general, the findings confirmed Grawe’s theoretical assumptions. Generalizability to other diagnostic groups and other clinical settings remains to be tested.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Larochelle, Catherine. "Three essays on productivity and risk, marketing decisions, and changes in well-being over time." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40379.
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This dissertation is composed of three essays; the first two examine the decisionmaking of potato producing households in Bolivia and the third examines well-being changes among Zimbabwe households. The first essay entitled “The role of risk mitigation in production efficiency: A case study of potato cultivation in the Bolivian Andes” estimates the costs of self-managing environmental risk through activity and environmental diversification. Risk management has the potential to reduce income variability but at the cost of increasing production inefficiency, which we measure employing a stochastic production frontier. Among variables capturing environmental diversification, discontinuity between fields has the most detrimental effect on production efficiency. Activity diversification, measured by the ratio of potato to total crop revenue, has a stronger impact on inefficiency and yield losses than any of the environmental diversification variables.
The second essay entitled “Determinants of market participation decisions and marketing choices in Bolivia” examines three decisions related to potato market participation: market entry, volume sold, and market choice. The first two are analyzed using a Heckman selection model. Results indicate that isolation, measured by population density and distance to markets, negatively impacts market entry. The most important determinant of quantity sold is land holding. Market choices are judged according to second-order stochastic dominance (SOSD). Market choices meeting the SOSD criterion are referred to as optimal marketing strategies as they have the higher expected payoff for a minimal income variance. Results suggest that the probability of selecting an optimal marketing strategy increases with quantity sold, access to market information, and access to liquidity while it decreases with distance to markets.
The third essay entitled “A profile of changes in well-being in Zimbabwe, 2001- 2007/8, using an asset index methodology” shows that it is possible to examine intertemporal and spatial changes in well-being in the absence of consumption expenditures data by using an asset index. The asset index was constructed using Polychoric Principal Component Analysis. Results indicate that poverty and extremely poverty grew significantly in rural Zimbabwe while in urban areas, poverty diminished and extreme poverty grew.Ph. D.
LTRA-7 (Pathways to CAPS in the Andes)
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Moret, Tatay María del Carmen. "Analysis of developmental changes in lexical decision tasks: Differences between well elderly and university students." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/27458.
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Esta tesis doctoral se centra en el análisis de datos positivamente asimétricos empleando ajustes a una función ex-Gaussiana. En particular, se estudian los efectos de los cambios evolutivos en diferentes componentes cognitivas humanas y, para ello, se analiza una muestra que incluye dos conjuntos de población: jóvenes universitarios y personas mayores universitarias sin deterioro cognitivo. El mencionado ajuste se realiza usando datos empíricos (tiempos de reacción) obtenidos durante una tarea lingüística (tarea de decisión léxica en función de la frecuencia de los estímulos) a través de software de laboratorio experimental.
Los resultados alcanzados no sólo muestran las bondades del ajuste de la distribución de los tiempos de reacción a determinadas funciones matemáticas, sino que también nos permiten beneficiarnos de una herramienta sensible a la estimación de parámetros o componentes que pueden reflejar procesos cognitivos subyacentes al lenguaje, al proceso de envejecimiento y a la toma de decisiones teniendo en cuenta la variable temporal.
Finalmente, otro campo de interés en el que se ha investigado es el análisis matemático del material lingüístico y el efecto de frecuencia. Concretamente, la frecuencia de aparición de las palabras muestra una distribución scale-free (el número de palabras (P) respecto a su frecuencia (x) sigue una ley de potencias: P(x)~x-? ). Esta forma de distribución se encuentra en diversos ámbitos, desde la topología de redes de páginas web hasta el análisis de redes metabólicas.Moret Tatay, MDC. (2013). Analysis of developmental changes in lexical decision tasks: Differences between well elderly and university students [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/27458
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Du, Chenguang. "How Well Can Two-Wave Models Recover the Three-Wave Second Order Latent Model Parameters?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103856.
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Although previous studies on structural equation modeling (SEM) have indicated that the
second-order latent growth model (SOLGM) is a more appropriate approach to
longitudinal intervention effects, its application still requires researchers to collect at least
three-wave data (e.g. randomized pretest, posttest, and follow-up design). However, in
some circumstances, researchers can only collect two-wave data for resource limitations.
With only two-wave data, the SOLGM can not be identified and researchers often choose
alternative SEM models to fit two-wave data. Recent studies show that the two-wave
longitudinal common factor model (2W-LCFM) and latent change score model
(2W-LCSM) can perform well for comparing latent change between groups. However, there
still lacks empirical evidence about how accurately these two-wave models can estimate the
group effects of latent change obtained by three-wave SOLGM (3W-SOLGM). The main
purpose of this dissertation, therefore, is trying to examine to what extent the fixed effects
of the tree-wave SOLGM can be recovered from the parameter estimates of the two-wave
LCFM and LCSM given different simulation conditions.
Fundamentally, the supplementary study (study 2) using three-wave LCFM was
established to help justify the logistics of different model comparisons in our main study
(study 1). The data generating model in both studies is 3W-SOLGM and there are in total
5 simulation factors (sample size, group differences in intercept and slope, the covariance
between the slope and intercept, size of time-specific residual, change the pattern of
time-specific residual). Three main types of evaluation indices were used to assess the
quality of estimation (bias/relative bias, standard error, and power/type I error rate). The
results in the supplementary study show that the performance of 3W-LCFM and
3W-LCSM are equivalent, which further justifies the different models' comparison in the
main study. The point estimates for the fixed effect parameters obtained from the two-wave
models are unbiased or identical to the ones from the three-wave model. However, using
two-wave models could reduce the estimation precision and statistical power when the
time-specific residual variance is large and changing pattern is heteroscedastic
(non-constant). Finally, two real datasets were used to illustrate the simulation resultsDoctor of Philosophy
To collect and analyze the longitudinal data is a very important approach to understand the phenomenon of development in the real world. Ideally, researchers who are interested in using a longitudinal framework would prefer collecting data at more than two points in time because it can provide a deeper understanding of the developmental processes. However, in real scenarios, data may only be collected at two-time points. With only two-wave data, the second-order latent growth model (SOLGM) could not be used. The current dissertation compared the performance of two-wave models (longitudinal common factor model and latent change score model) with the three-wave SOLGM in order to better understand how the estimation quality of two-wave models could be comparable to the tree-wave model. The results show that on average, the estimation from two-wave models is identical to the ones from the three-wave model. So in real data analysis with only one sample, the point estimate by two-wave models should be very closed to that of the three-wave model. But this estimation may not be as accurate as it is obtained by the three-wave model when the latent variable has large variability in the first or last time point. This latent variable is more likely to exist as a statelike construct in the real world. Therefore, the current study could provide a reference framework for substantial researchers who could only have access to two-wave data but are still interested in estimating the growth effect that supposed to obtain by three-wave SOLGM.
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Moriniere, Lezlie C. "A Well-Founded Fear? Tracing the Footprints of Environmentally Influenced Human Mobility." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145714.
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Humans have fled environmental degradation for many millennia. Due partially to climate change, environments across the world have often degraded to the point that they can no longer securely sustain livelihoods. Entire communities and households have been displaced by extreme, rapid or creeping disasters; during their flight, they have left footprints across the globe that merit tracing. Sometimes this mobility is forced and at other times it is purely voluntary; for both, the mobility has roots in a changing environment. The footprint of environmentally influenced mobility (EIM) was traced through a series of three independent but related studies. The first study gained foundational perspective through an exploration of connections between climate drivers and natural and human impacts of climate change. This inquiry sought to answer the question, "How important is human mobility in the greater scheme of changing environments and changing climate?" Human mobility was one among 15 different climate drivers and impacts studied; the connections between all of them were examined to enable a quantitative comparison of system susceptibility, driving force, tight coupling and complexity. While degradation was the most complex of all natural elements, mobility surfaced as the human system element exerting the greatest forcing on other elements within the coupled system. The next study focused only on human mobility to explore how scholarly literature portrayed the two possible directions of the link between mobility and degrading environments--with a particular focus on urbanization as one manifestation of the phenomenon. Type A links, in which human mobility triggers environmental degradation, are portrayed in the literature as often as Type B links, in which degrading environments trigger human mobility. Surprisingly, science has not lent support to urbanization being a result of environmental change; plausible reasons for this are discussed. The final study canvassed expert opinion to examine why no scientific, humanitarian or governmental entity has succeeded in providing systematic support (e.g.., policy and interventions) to populations enduring environmentally influenced mobility. Four very different discourses emerged: Determined Humanists, Benevolent Pragmatists, Cynical Protectionists and Critical Realists. The complexity these discourses manifest help explain the inaction--a stalemate between actors--while confirming the inappropriateness of one-sided terminology and linear quantifications of environmentally influenced mobility. The results of these three studies demonstrate that human mobility has unequivocally destructive force that can trigger non-linear effects, potentially casting the coupled system into an unprecedented state; that the visible lack of scholarly exploration of environmentally influenced urbanization (EIU) can be partially explained by high system complexity and disciplinary research; and most important, that despite diametrically opposed viewpoints, experts unanimously agree that human mobility has strong connections to environmental change. Together, the results merge to confirm a "well-founded fear" on the part of those who dwell in degrading environments, and to highlight a pressing need to offer solutions both to those who remain in such environments as well as a name and protected status to those who flee them.
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Portwig, Carla. "The impact of learner transport on Grade 3 learners' physiological, emotional and educational well-being: a case study of a rural primary school in the Cape Winelands, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27905.
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This dissertation examines the impact of various modes of transport on Grade 3 primary school learners' well-being in a rural school in the Cape Winelands district of the Western Cape, South Africa. The study moves beyond this narrow frame of physical transport to include the physiological, emotional, and educational domains of learners' lives. The individuals' physiological, emotional and educational well-being are utilised as analytical categories. The research used a mixed-methods design in a case-study approach. The qualitative data was derived from learner focus groups, open-ended interviews, and learner and teacher questionnaires. The quantitative data was derived from school records of learner attendance, Western Cape Education Department (WCED) term schedules and the WCED Systemic test results for the school. The main findings were as follows: (1) On a physiological level, irrespective of the mode of transport, access to school was found to be difficult but not impossible due to dangers and similar safety issues for all learners including pedestrians (2) On an emotional level, again all learners faced similar fears and trauma possibilities, and lacked the support of professional counsellors (3) Educationally, the bus passengers performed worse than other MoTs, whereas the pedestrians were the highest performing group. Also, seasonal change influenced learner absenteeism and similar attendance patterns were found for all MoTs in summer but in winter the pedestrians came to school more often than the bus passengers.
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Hammes, Johanna Jussila. "Essays on the political economy of land use change." Göteborg : Kompendiet, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/507365801.pdf.
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