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Journal articles on the topic 'Charge utilization'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Zhang, Peng, Tuo Wang, Xiaoxia Chang, and Jinlong Gong. "Effective Charge Carrier Utilization in Photocatalytic Conversions." Accounts of Chemical Research 49, no. 5 (April 14, 2016): 911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00036.

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2

Simsic, Janet M., Kevin Dolan, Julie Miller, Andrew R. Yates, Richard Fernandez, Christina Phelps, Jill Fitch, et al. "Guidelines for Diuretic Utilization Reduce High Charge Medications." Pediatric Quality and Safety 4, no. 6 (2019): e237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pq9.0000000000000237.

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3

Senna, Mamoru. "Ecological Mechanochemistry-Rational Utilization of Cross-boundary Charge Transfer-." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 45, no. 8 (2008): 556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.45.556.

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4

Wolfrum, Silke, Julio R. Pinzón, Agustin Molina-Ontoria, Andreas Gouloumis, Nazario Martín, Luis Echegoyen, and Dirk M. Guldi. "Utilization of Sc3N@C80in long-range charge transfer reactions." Chem. Commun. 47, no. 8 (2011): 2270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc04159a.

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5

McFaddin, Susan, and Maclyn Clouse. "Utilization Rates, Charge Rates and the Pricing of Services." Journal of Professional Services Marketing 14, no. 2 (December 2, 1996): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j090v14n02_12.

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6

McFaddin, Susan, and Maclyn Clouse. "Utilization rates, charge rates and the pricing of services." Services Marketing Quarterly 14, no. 2 (1996): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332969.1996.9985253.

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7

Hasibuan, Anni Zuhro Syafrida, Arnando Nasution, Rifandi Syahputra, and Siti Aisah. "Pengaruh Perilaku Konsumtif Masyarakat terhadap Penggunaan Kartu Kredit." VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas 2, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/visa.v2i1.971.

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This review plans to decide the destructive conduct of the local area towards the utilization of Visas. The technique utilized in this review is a quantitative strategy with a populace of charge card proprietors in the city of Medan. The consequences of this review demonstrate the utilization of Mastercards joined by unnecessary utilization by metropolitan networks, particularly in Medan. The intentions of metropolitan networks in the utilization of charge cards are adequacy and effectiveness as well as based on way of life and sign of societal position. Keywords: Consumptive, Credit Card

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8

Hasibuan, Anni Zuhro Syafrida, Arnando Nasution, Rifandi Syahputra, and Siti Aisah. "Pengaruh Perilaku Konsumtif Masyarakat terhadap Penggunaan Kartu Kredit." VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas 2, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/visa.v2i3.971.

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This review plans to decide the destructive conduct of the local area towards the utilization of Visas. The technique utilized in this review is a quantitative strategy with a populace of charge card proprietors in the city of Medan. The consequences of this review demonstrate the utilization of Mastercards joined by unnecessary utilization by metropolitan networks, particularly in Medan. The intentions of metropolitan networks in the utilization of charge cards are adequacy and effectiveness as well as based on way of life and sign of societal position. Keywords: Consumptive, Credit Card

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9

Hasibuan, Anni Zuhro Syafrida, Arnando Nasution, Rifandi Syahputra, and Siti Aisah. "Pengaruh Perilaku Konsumtif Masyarakat terhadap Penggunaan Kartu Kredit." VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas 2, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/visa.v2i2.971.

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This review plans to decide the destructive conduct of the local area towards the utilization of Visas. The technique utilized in this review is a quantitative strategy with a populace of charge card proprietors in the city of Medan. The consequences of this review demonstrate the utilization of Mastercards joined by unnecessary utilization by metropolitan networks, particularly in Medan. The intentions of metropolitan networks in the utilization of charge cards are adequacy and effectiveness as well as based on way of life and sign of societal position. Keywords: Consumptive, Credit Card

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10

Little, Andrew S., and Kristina Chapple. "Predictors of resource utilization in transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease." Journal of Neurosurgery 119, no. 2 (August 2013): 504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.1.jns121375.

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Object The short-term cost associated with subspecialized surgical care is an increasingly important metric and economic concern. This study sought to determine factors associated with hospital charges in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease in an effort to identify the drivers of resource utilization. Methods The authors analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) hospital discharge database from 2007 to 2009 to determine factors that influenced hospital charges in patients who had undergone transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease. The NIS discharge database approximates a 20% sample of all inpatient admissions to nonfederal US hospitals. A multistep regression model was developed that adjusted for patient demographics, acuity measures, comorbidities, hospital characteristics, and complications. Results In 116 hospitals, 454 transsphenoidal operations were performed. The mean hospital charge was $48,272 ± $32,060. A multivariate regression model suggested that the primary driver of resource utilization was length of stay (LOS), followed by surgeon volume, hospital characteristics, and postoperative complications. A 1% increase in LOS increased hospital charges by 0.60%. Patient charges were 13% lower when performed by high-volume surgeons compared with low-volume surgeons and 22% lower in large hospitals compared with small hospitals. Hospital charges were 12% lower in cases with no postoperative neurological complications. The proposed model accounted for 46% of hospital charge variance. Conclusions This analysis of hospital charges in transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease suggested that LOS, hospital characteristics, surgeon volume, and postoperative complications are important predictors of resource utilization. These findings may suggest opportunities for improvement.

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11

Hao, Jun, Jun Chen, and Qin Chen. "Floating Charge Method Based on Shared Parking." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010072.

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With the cultivation of the shared economy, shared parking provides a new solution to the urban parking resource shortage problem. In this paper, the shared parking mode is taken as the research object to improve the utilization efficiency of parking spaces. The stated preference (SP) survey is used to collect the intention of sharing parking behavior in a typical shared parking mode situation. The behavior selection characteristics of the person sharing parking are analyzed and a binary logit model is used to establish the parking behavior selection model. The key parameters of a floating charge are proposed. Based on the above research, a dynamic balance adjustment method for shared parking floating charges is proposed and an empirical analysis is carried out. The research results showed that compared with fixed fees, the floating charge method can improve the utilization rate of idle spaces by more than 60% and control the occupancy rate of spaces by 60–80%. The floating charge method not only guarantees its own parking demand but also exploits the potential of shard parking facilities, which is good for promoting the sustainable and healthy development of urban transportation.

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12

Yang, Xiaozhe, Xu Yang, Haiyang Gu, Kentaro Kawai, Kenta Arima, and Kazuya Yamamura. "Charge Utilization Efficiency and Side Reactions in the Electrochemical Mechanical Polishing of 4H-SiC (0001)." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 023501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac4b1f.

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Slurryless electrochemical mechanical polishing (ECMP) is very effective in the polishing of silicon carbide (SiC) wafers. To achieve a high material removal rate (MRR) of SiC wafer using ECMP with low electrical energy loss, charge utilization efficiency in the anodic oxidation of the SiC surface was investigated and the underlying mechanism was clarified by modeling the anodic oxidation system of SiC in 1 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. The charge utilization efficiency in the anodic oxidation of SiC was found to be constant when the current density was less than 20 mA cm−2 and significantly decreased when the current density was greater than 30 mA cm−2, resulting in a significant reduction in the MRR. Modeling of the anodic oxidation system indicates that the charge utilization efficiency depended on the potential applied on the SiC surface: the oxidation of SiC occupied the dominant position in the anodizing system when the potential is lower than 25 V vs Ag∣AgCl, charge utilization efficiency greatly decreased when the applied potential was greater than 25 V owing to the occurrence of oxidations of the H2O and Cl−. This research provides both a theoretical and practical foundation for using ECMP to polish SiC wafers.

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13

Ren, Yuanfu, Ting Zhu, Yadong Liu, Quanbing Liu, and Qingyu Yan. "Direct Utilization of Photoinduced Charge Carriers to Promote Electrochemical Energy Storage." Small 17, no. 21 (April 15, 2021): 2008047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202008047.

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14

He, Zhenli, and Jun Zhu. "Microbial utilization and transformation of phosphate adsorbed by variable charge minerals." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30, no. 7 (July 1998): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(97)00188-0.

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15

Meyer, Tobias, Jacqueline B. Priebe, Rafael O. da Silva, Tim Peppel, Henrik Junge, Matthias Beller, Angelika Brückner, and Sebastian Wohlrab. "Advanced Charge Utilization from NaTaO3 Photocatalysts by Multilayer Reduced Graphene Oxide." Chemistry of Materials 26, no. 16 (August 4, 2014): 4705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm500949x.

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16

Wu, Wu Tsan, and Jing Shan Do. "Characterization of AB₅-Type Metal Hydride Modified by Electroless Plating Nickel." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1988.

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The charge/discharge properties of commercial metal hydride alloy powder (MmNi3.81Mn0.41Al0.19Co0.76) is improved and modified by electroless plating nickel. The effect of concentration of reducing agent (Cr), concentration of complex agent (Cc), reaction temperature (T), reaction time (t), and the amounts of MH powder per volume (CMH) on the utilization of the modified MH alloy used as the negative electrode of Ni/MH battery is systematically studied. The utilization of modified MH alloy is mainly affected by Cr, Cc and t. The utilizations of MH alloys modified with condtions of T = 70 oC, t = 90 min, Cr = 20 g l-1, Cc = 20 g l-1 and CMH = 20 g l-1, respectively, are obtained to be 92.3, 64.7 and 23.6% at discharging rate of 1, 4, and 10 C. The utilizations of modified MH alloy are increased by 15.5, 45.6 and 19.8% compared with the pristine MH alloy for discharging rates of 1, 4 and 10 C, respectively.

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17

Citkowska, Aleksandra, Marta Szekalska, and Katarzyna Winnicka. "Possibilities of Fucoidan Utilization in the Development of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms." Marine Drugs 17, no. 8 (August 5, 2019): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17080458.

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Fucoidan is a polysaccharide built from L-fucose molecules. The main source of this polysaccharide is the extracellular matrix of brown seaweed (Phaeophyta), but it can be also isolated from invertebrates such as sea urchins (Echinoidea) and sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Interest in fucoidan is related to its broad biological activity, including possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral or antithrombotic effects. The potential application of fucoidan in the pharmaceutical technology is also due to its ionic nature. The negative charge of the molecule results from the presence of sulfate residues in the C-2 and C-4 positions, occasionally in C-3, allowing the formation of complexes with other oppositely charged molecules. Fucoidan is non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible compound approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) category as food ingredient. Fucoidan plays an important role in the pharmaceutical technology, so in this work aspects concerning its pharmaceutical characteristics and designing of various dosage forms (nanoparticles, liposomes, microparticles, and semisolid formulations) with fucoidan itself and with its combinations with other polymers or components that give a positive charge were reviewed. Advantages and limitations of fucoidan utilization in the pharmaceutical technology were also discussed.

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18

Shamim. "Utilization of Charge Transfer and Kinetic Methods for the Determination of Doripenem." American Journal of Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2012.510.518.

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19

Kelliher, E. M., and T. L. Rose. "Charge Utilization in Anodic Rhodium Oxide Films Pulsed in Carbonate‐Buffered Saline." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 136, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 1765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2097007.

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20

Cheng, Wei-Yun, Yi-Feng Lin, and Shih-Yuan Lu. "Nanowires improved charge separation and light utilization in metal-oxide solar cells." Applied Physics Letters 99, no. 6 (August 8, 2011): 063107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3622309.

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21

Bouit, Pierre-Antoine, Fabian Spänig, Gregory Kuzmanich, Evangelos Krokos, Christian Oelsner, Miguel A Garcia-Garibay, Juan Luis Delgado, Nazario Martín, and Dirk M Guldi. "Efficient Utilization of Higher-Lying Excited States to Trigger Charge-Transfer Events." Chemistry - A European Journal 16, no. 31 (July 26, 2010): 9638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201001613.

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22

Guo, Beidou, Liangqiu Tian, Wenjing Xie, Aisha Batool, Guancai Xie, Qin Xiang, Saad Ullah Jan, Rajender Boddula, and Jian Ru Gong. "Vertically Aligned Porous Organic Semiconductor Nanorod Array Photoanodes for Efficient Charge Utilization." Nano Letters 18, no. 9 (August 13, 2018): 5954–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02740.

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23

Wu, Wu Tsan, and Jing Shan Do. "Characterization of AB₅-Type Metal Hydride Modified by Electroless Plating Nickel in Forming Process." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.139.

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Metal hydride (MH) alloy (MmNi3.81Mn0.41Al0.19Co0.76) is modified by the electroless nickel plating and used as the electroactive material of negative electrode in Ni/MH batteries. The effect of the concentrations of reductant (NaH2PO2×H2O), complex agent (Na3C6H5O7×2H2O), reaction time, and reaction temperature on the Ni loadings and the utilization of the modified MH are systematically studied. The experimental results reveal that the appropriate reaction time and temperature of electroless nickel plating are 30 min and 70 °C in this work. The loading amount of Ni-P on MH alloy is increased and decreased by increasing the concentration of reductant and complex agent, respectively. The steady utilization of unmodified MH alloy is 94.7±1.0 % in the forming process under the charge/discharge conditions of 0.2C charge to 160% SOC (state of charge) and 0.2C discharge to 0.95V. The utilization of MH alloys modified with conditions of [NaH2PO2×H2O] = 40 g L-1 and [Na3C6H5O7×2H2O] = 20 g L-1, T = 70 °C, t = 30 min and [MH] = 2g/100 ml, respectively, is improved to 101.9±0.3 %.

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24

Zhang, Ye, Chao Chen, and Dian Wei Qi. "Review on Phase Change Material Storage in Solar Energy Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.309.

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Use solar energy as a complement of building heating energy, not only the building consumption will be reduced but also the air pollution problem during winter can be improved. However, the sparseness, discontinuity and instability of the solar energy are bottleneck of solar energy utilization technology. Thus the thermal storage technology becomes the most important part in solar energy system. Phase change thermal storage technology is more efficient then water, and it can charge the surplus solar energy for cloudy days to improve the utilization rate of solar energy. The performance of solar system can be improved by using phase change material storage technology. This review summarizes the previous study on phase change materials storage in solar energy application; the content of this paper can provide a reference for relative studies.

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25

Cheng, Bing, Haibo Wang, Qi Zong, Ying Xu, MengXiang Wang, Qiangqiang Zheng, and Chengjie Li. "A Study on Cut Blasting with Large Diameter Charges in Hard Rock Roadways." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 10, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8873412.

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To overcome the problems of poor cutting effects in hard rock roadways, a cut blasting technique with large diameter charges was developed; that is, the cut holes employ 50 mm diameter blast holes and 45 mm diameter explosive sticks, while the other holes adopt 42 mm diameter blast holes and 35 mm diameter explosive sticks. First, the effect of charge diameter on damage range and cut cavity formation was analyzed. Next, simulation of wedge cut for different charge diameters was conducted to reveal the stress wave developments and compare the stress field intensities. Finally, field tests were conducted to verify the viability of this technique. The results indicate that large diameter charges can increase the damage range around cut holes to improve the fragmentation degree of the rock mass in the cut cavity and significantly enhance the cavity formation power to better expel the rock mass fragments. The stress wave evolution of wedge cut was visualized using numerical simulations, which confirmed that the use of large diameter charges in cut holes increases the stress field intensity in the cut cavity and hence increases the damage degree of the rock mass. In this study, the use of a large diameter charge for cut blasting increased the average footage by 0.30 m, and the average utilization rate of blast holes increased by 12.5%. Therefore, the cutting effects in hard rock roadways can be improved by using large diameter charges, which increase the blasting footage and the utilization rate of blast holes.

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26

Nolan, Richard A. "Enhanced hyphal body production by Entomophaga aulicae protoplasts in the presence of a neutral and a positively charged surface under mass fermentation conditions." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 2708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-343.

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The effects of two disks, one with a net neutral charge (Mylar) and one with a positive charge (polypropylene), on hyphal body production from protoplasts of the fungus Entomophaga aulicae under mass fermentation conditions were determined. The results were compared with those obtained with a vessel lacking a disk (control). The presence of either disk greatly enhanced hyphal body production, especially by day 4 of incubation. A maximum level of 94.1% hyphal body production was achieved using the disks as compared to a maximum level of 42% under control conditions. With the exception of aspartic acid, which was produced under control conditions and not utilized when the disks were present, the amino acids were removed from the medium earlier and (or) more completely in the presence of the disks. Glucose utilization and oxygen consumption were greater in the presence of the disks. The utilization of fermentation vessel configurations employing neutral or positively charged disks (surfaces) offers a method for greatly enhancing hyphal body production for biocontrol of the larval stages of forest defoliators. Key words: Entomophaga aulicae, hyphal body production, biological control, mass fermentation, neutral and positively charged surfaces.

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27

Yin, Changyong, Ziqi Zhao, Shiqi Zhang, and Zexiang Gao. "Research on the operation state prediction of energy storage unit based on neural network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2558, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2558/1/012035.

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Abstract As a device that can conduct energy storage and release, the energy storage system can accelerate the utilization of new energy and enhance the operation stability of the grid. The main significance of the time series prediction is to analyze the future change trend of the data based on historical data. To more exactly predict the future change trend of the operating state parameters of the energy storage unit, the charge and discharge current data and operating voltage data of the energy storage unit are analyzed and studied. The long short-term memory is used to predict the operating voltage and charge and discharge current of the distributed energy storage unit.

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28

Han, Chuang, Zi-Rong Tang, Junxue Liu, Shengye Jin, and Yi-Jun Xu. "Efficient photoredox conversion of alcohol to aldehyde and H2 by heterointerface engineering of bimetal–semiconductor hybrids." Chemical Science 10, no. 12 (2019): 3514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc05813j.

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29

Chen, Wei, Hong Hao Ma, Zhao Wu Shen, and De Bao Wang. "High-Efficiency Cut Blasting with Shell Radial Shaped Charge in Laboratory-Scale Blasting." Advanced Materials Research 1094 (March 2015): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.445.

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Due to the inefficiency problem of the cut blasting in rock excavation and rock breaking, a shell radial shaped charge device was proposed based of the ideal of ‘cutting to slotting’ and it was validated through experiments. For this device, the shell materials are used to be shaped materials and multiple shaped ring is designed on the circular tube. It can not only reduce charge quantity but also raise the utilization ratio of explosive energy. After explosion, multiple radial shaped charge jets can be formed along the axial line in sequence and then the surrounding rock mass would be cracked. The crack network will be formed along with the further extension of the fraction under the action of quasi static loading of detonation gas. The shell radial shaped charge device was tested through the cut blasting model experiment. Experimental results show that the utilization ratio of blasting hole nearly approaches 98% with this device. The blasting efficiency and cyclical footage can be improved effectively and the cost of drifting can also be reduced.

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30

Korab, Roman, Henryk Kocot, and Henryk Majchrzak. "Fixed Transmission Charges Based on the Degree of Network Utilization." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030614.

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The core objective of transmission tariffs is the recovery of costs related to the transport of electricity. A usual component of a tariff is a fixed charge that covers the costs of the network infrastructure. As many customers use the power grid, the rate of this charge should reflect, as closely as possible, the actual costs of supplying energy to the individual consumers. These costs result from which network elements have been used in delivering the electricity, and to what extent these elements have been used. Therefore, the fixed transmission rates should depend on the degree of network utilization. This article investigates definitions of the degree of network utilization based on the active power flow. To calculate the degree of network utilization, the flow of electricity on a branch must be decomposed into the streams flowing to individual customers. For this decomposition, two methods are examined: a power flow tracing method, based on the proportional sharing principle, and an incremental power flow method, based on the superposition principle. The analyzed methodology is applied to a small test system for conceptual discussions, as well as to the transmission network of the Polish power system, as an example of practical application. The results of this study were then compared with the commonly used “postage stamp” method. Finally, several practical aspects related to the potential implementation of the presented methodology are discussed.

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31

Chen, Kunfeng, and Dongfeng Xue. "Anode performances of mixed LiMn2O4 and carbon black toward lithium-ion battery." Functional Materials Letters 07, no. 02 (April 2014): 1450017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604714500179.

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The mixed LiMn 2 O 4 and carbon black were served as anodes for lithium-ion batteries and the samples with high active material utilization ratio showed the highest capacity and cycling retention of 407.0 mAh/g after 50 charge/discharge cycles. The galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance measurements were used to study their electrochemical performances. The commercial carbon black showed higher cycling retention, 162.0 mAh/g after 50 charge/discharge cycles. The present results confirmed that the capacity and cycling retention of LiMn 2 O 4 anodes can be improved by the increase of conductivity in lithium-ion batteries, which can increase the utilization ratio of active materials.

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32

Yu, Wen-Yuan, De-Kun Ma, Dong-Peng Yang, Xiao-Gang Yang, Quan-Long Xu, Wei Chen, and Shaoming Huang. "Highly efficient utilization of light and charge separation over a hematite photoanode achieved through a noncontact photonic crystal film for photoelectrochemical water splitting." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 36 (2020): 20202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp00284d.

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33

Aakhus, Erin, Abigail T. Berman, Neil Crimins, Peter Edward Gabriel, Jennifer Braun, Lawrence N. Shulman, and Tracey L. Evans. "Resource utilization and provider variation in the care of patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer six months before death." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 8_suppl (March 10, 2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.8_suppl.216.

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216 Background: Cost of care of cancer patients near the end of life is a focus for payers and others. The breakdown of costs during this period for patients with Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are shifting as therapeutic choices change. We measured and reported variation in utilization, by oncologist, aiming to improve standardization and reduce utilization while maintaining or increasing the quality of care. Methods: Within the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS), we identified all deceased patients with Stage IV NSCLC with first contact of 1/3/2011 to date of death of 4/10/2016, at least 1 chemotherapy visit, and 6 months between first contact and death (N=175). We captured all inpatient and outpatient charges within 6 months of patient death. Results: The median gross total charge per patient was $209,637 (interquartile range, $121,517-$371,196), which consisted of 39% outpatient infusions, 23% radiation therapy, 18% inpatient medical admissions, 11% outpatient radiology, 4.5% professional charges, and <1% ED visits. Infusions of pemetrexed and bevacizumab accounted for 7.3% and 6.1% of the gross total charges, respectively. Only 13/175 (7.4%) of patients received infusions within 14 days of death. Primary oncologist was not found to be a significant driver of variation in total, outpatient, or inpatient gross charges per patient (p=0.097, 0.208, 0.297). However, we showed that professional charges and use of outpatient radiology differed by oncologist (p=0.039, 0.003). We also identified oncologist-driven differences in use of supportive care drugs pegfilgrastim, darbepoietin, and denosumab (p=0.002, <0.001, <0.001). We detected no differences in use of pemetrexed or bevacizumab (p=0.835, 0.521). The differences in number of infusion visits approached significance (p=0.058). Conclusions: Outpatient infusions and radiation therapy were the largest contributors to healthcare resource utilization in the care of Stage IV NSCLC patients in the last 6 months of life. Variation in utilization by primary oncologist was detected in professional charges, outpatient radiology, and the use of supportive care (but not chemotherapeutic) agents.

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34

Stennicke, Henning R., Dennis B. Henriksen, and Klaus Breddam. "Evaluation of the Significance of Charge and Length of Side Chain on the P’1- S'1 Interactions In (Serine) Carboxypeptidase Y." Protein & Peptide Letters 3, no. 2 (April 1996): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986650302220613162153.

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Abstract: Many enzymes exhibit a very broad specificity due to the ability of some subsites to accommodate both polar and apolar amino acid residues. In the present study the origin of the ability of CPD-Y to cleave substrates with large apolar as well as positively charged P; amino acid residues has been investigated by utilization of substrates containing amino acids with side chains of varying length and charge.

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35

Yang, Weisheng, Yifei Qu, Bingjie Zhou, Chang Li, Liang Jiao, and Hongqi Dai. "Value-added utilization of lignin-derived aromatic oligomers as renewable charge-storage materials." Industrial Crops and Products 171 (November 2021): 113848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113848.

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36

Nalajala, Naresh, Kshirodra Kumar Patra, Pradnya A. Bharad, and Chinnakonda S. Gopinath. "Why the thin film form of a photocatalyst is better than the particulate form for direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion: a poor man's approach." RSC Advances 9, no. 11 (2019): 6094–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09982k.

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Zong, Qi, Lu Ping Yan, and Hai Bo Wang. "Numerical Simulation Analysis on Explosion Stress Field of Different Charge Construction." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2612.

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There are different blasting stress field which around the blast hole caused by different charge when explosives exploded in the rock. Simulation analysis on borehole wall pressure and explosion stress field of rock at different charging structure was done by ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The simulation results indicate: stress of coupling charge is the maximum, water-decouple charge is the latter and air-decouple charge is the minimum; and whether air-decouple or water-decouple charge, peak stress value of model decreased along with the increasing of decouple coefficient, but the air-decouple charge show more obvious. Therefore, water-decouple blasting has good energy utilization.

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Sun, Hang, Shan Zeng, Qinrong He, Ping She, Kongliang Xu, and Zhenning Liu. "Spiky TiO2/Au nanorod plasmonic photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 12 (2017): 3887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt00345e.

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Spiky TiO₂/AuNR plasmonic photocatalysts show improved visible-light photocatalytic activity by simultaneously enhancing light harvesting, charge utilization efficiency, and substrate accessibility.

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Spangler, R. S., K. C. Triebwasser, and M. L. Wilson. "Effect of charge on hepatic specific nature of vesicle encapsulated insulin in conscious dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 251, no. 5 (November 1, 1986): E591—E596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.251.5.e591.

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Positively [(+)-VEI] and negatively [(-)-VEI] charged formulations of vesicle encapsulated insulin (VEI) were compared with insulin on the basis of their ability to suppress hepatic glucose production (hepatic Ra) and stimulate glucose utilization (Rd) in conscious dogs. Our results indicate that (-)-VEI and insulin have an equivalent capacity to suppress hepatic glucose production at dose levels of 0.2, 1.2, and 2.4 mU X kg-1 X min-1. (+)-VEI is less effective at suppressing hepatic Ra than both insulin and (-)-VEI at dose levels of 1.2 and 2.4 mU X kg-1 X min-1. Both (+)-VEI and (-)-VEI induced significantly less glucose utilization than a comparable amount of insulin at dose levels of 1.2 and 2.4 mU X kg-1 X min-1. The amount of glucose utilization stimulated by (+)-VEI was significantly less than that induced by insulin at 0.6 mU X kg-1 X min-1. This difference was not evident with (-)-VEI. These results suggest that the insulin contained in (+)-VEI is less bioavailable than that contained in (-)-VEI. This difference in bioavailability is believed to be the result of greater serum stability of (+)-VEI vesicles when compared with that of (-)-VEI. In conclusion, both (+)-VEI and (-)-VEI have the capacity to shield encapsulated insulin from interacting with peripheral tissues and deliver insulin selectively to the liver. Both formulations afford one an opportunity to expand the therapeutic window for hepatically active compounds where their utility is limited by systemic toxicity.

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Yang, Ren Shu, Xiang Tao Gao, and Yu Long Che. "Experiment on Different Length/Diameter Ratio Charge Explosive Strain Wave Propagation in Rock." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.343.

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In order to explore the blasting effect with charged by different length/diameter ratio in rock, adopted ultra-dynamic strain testing system to test the blasting strain wave with charged by little amount of explosives and different length/diameter in the rock models. Analyzed the radial blasting strain wave signal in the medium under the conditions of coupling charging explosive loading, got the generalities and difference of the explosive strain waveform features with charged by different length/diameter ratio, and relationship of peak strain with the relative distance. The results show that peak strain was greatly affected by the change of length/diameter ratio and charge mass in the area of close blasting source, when the relative distance is more than 45, the influence is less. Made the length/diameter ratio is 20 to be the boundary, when the length/diameter ratio is greater than 20, the peak strain attenuated slowly. The explosive energy of the big length/diameter ratio is relatively decentralized to the medium, improved the energy utilization ratio of explosives. The measured results provided a new experimental basis to further understand correctly the rock blasting mechanism.

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Aryanfar, Asghar, Daniel J. Brooks, and William A. Goddard. "Theoretical pulse charge for the optimal inhibition of growing dendrites." MRS Advances 3, no. 22 (2018): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.97.

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ABSTRACTDendritic growth during charging period is one of the main barriers for the rechargeablity of conventional batteries. Additionally this phenomenon hinders the utilization of high energy density metal candidates by limiting the safety and allowable operating condition for these devices. We address the role of square wave pulse on the growth dynamics of dendrites in the continuum scale and large time periods by formulating an analytical criterion. Our dimension-free analysis permits the application our results to a variety of electrochemical systems in diverse scales.

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Yang, Yanhua, Jinwen Ma, Xiujuan He, Gaozhang Gou, Huiwu Mao, and Juqing Liu. "Utilization of conformation change and charge trapping to achieve binary/ternary rewritable memory performance of carbazole-based organic molecules." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 48 (2021): 22629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj04557a.

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To better understand the relationship between the molecular structure and memory characteristics, two carbazole-based organic compounds (Cz-2Ph3F 6FDA and Cz-2TPA 6FDA) with different ratios of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing units were designed and synthesized.

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Zakieh, Abdulhafiz, Maha Al-Ghafry, Divya Nadella, Hamayun Imran, and Abdul H. Siddiqui. "Emergency Department Utilization By Hemophilia Patients in United States." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3799.3799.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Patients with hemophilia are prone to life threatening bleeds and central line associated morbidities. It is pivotal that emergency departments (ED) are both equipped and trained to address these complications with acuity. The purpose of this study is to determine the utilization of ED for hemophilia related complaints. METHODS: Retrospective review of information collected from the National Emergency Department Database Sample (NEDS) was performed. The NEDS is a stratified sample of hospital-based ED visits and publically available for purchase as a component of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We are presenting the results of comparative analysis and frequencies computed from the database. The ED visits with hemophilia, listed as one of the diagnoses, were selected. Patient demographics and hospital stratification variables were recorded. A snapshot of these variables from years 2006 to 2013 was obtained but due to large sample size, we elected to perform detailed analysis on data from the year 2012. Hospital charges and other variables were computed from the database and projected to national levels using the discharge weighted variables. Study was funded by "Bayer Healthcare, Investigator Initiated Research Grant". RESULTS: During the 8 years period studied, ~163,000 ED visits were made by hemophilia patients. This represented 0.016% of total visits to EDs nationwide. The two age groups that were most likely to utilize ED were children under 18 years and adults under 45 years (37% each). More than half of these patients resided in large metropolitan cities or their suburbs. Interestingly 20% of patients had annual household income greater than $63,000. Although Medicaid and Medicare were the largest primary payers (54%), 30% had private insurance listed as primary payer. About 45% of the ED visits were at a non-teaching hospital. As a snap shot of frequencies the trends in above mentioned results had remained unchanged from 2006 to 2013. Detailed analysis of the purchased database for the year 2012 was performed. Out of 31 million ED visits in the year 2012; 4,488 visits were made by patients with hemophilia and 84% of them had hemophilia A (Sample representing 20% of target universe). Mean age at presentation was 29 years. There was not a significant difference in the number of ED visits among different months of the year or days of the week. Most visits were made in June (358) and least visits during February (294). Average charge per visit was $4,000; the highest charge for a single ED visit was $150,000. National estimate of total charges for ED visits by patients with hemophilia in the year 2012 was over 60 million dollars. Average charge for ED visits at a private hospital was $2,988 compared to $2,254 at a public hospital (p=0.03). The cost of ED utilization by lower income group patients was greater than patients from higher income group; however the difference in average charges was not statistically significant. There were over 21,000 diagnoses codes recorded during 4,488 ED visits by hemophilia patients. Cardiovascular complaints (n=2060) were the most frequently reported, followed by injuries and poisoning (n=2038). Hemorrhage was the presenting complaint 32% (n=1452) of times. The breakdown of bleeds included 682 contusions, 317 hemarthrosis, 163 gastrointestinal bleeds, 96 hematuria, 83 epistaxis, 47 intracranial bleeds and 18 menstrual bleeds. Injuries were reported as primary diagnosis, 26% of times. Septicemia was diagnosed during 147 visits. Around 70% of patients were treated and released from the ED. Two patients reportedly died in the ED while 35 died after being admitted to the hospital. Cause of death included Sepsis and brain hemorrhage in 26 and 4 patients respectively. In pediatric patients only, injuries were the most frequent complaints (n=870) followed by joint and soft tissue disorders (n=366); fever (n=92) and central line complications (n=63). CONCLUSION: Hemophilia is a rare hematologic disease but patients with hemophilia have a high tendency to utilize ED. Proper education of patients and ED staff could help reduce the economic burden and ensure optimum care delivery in the ED. To our knowledge this is the first study to analyze ED utilization by hemophilia patients from a national database. Based on our study results, patients were evenly distributed in low and high income groups and utilized teaching and non-teaching hospital EDs alike. Disclosures Zakieh: Bayer Healthcare Investigator Initiated research Grant: Research Funding. Al-Ghafry:Bayer Healthcare Investigator Initiated research Grant: Research Funding. Siddiqui:Bayer Healthcare Investigator Initiated research Grant: Research Funding.

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Singh, Ajay K., Spandana Gonuguntla, Bhushan Mahajan, and Ujjwal Pal. "Noble metal-free integrated UiO-66-PANI-Co3O4 catalyst for visible-light-induced H2 production." Chemical Communications 55, no. 96 (2019): 14494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc07414g.

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The discriminate etching chemistry (crystal engineering) of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offers promising opportunities for tailoring electron–hole separation, and charge-carrier utilization plays a central role in photocatalysis.

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Ishiyama, T., H. Kawanabe, K. Ohashi, M. Shioji, and S. Nakai. "A study on premixed charge compression ignition combustion of natural gas with direct injection." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x30459.

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In order to extend the available load range and obtain higher thermal efficiency in natural gas premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engines, a strategy for controlling direct injection combustion is discussed. Experimental results from single-cylinder engine tests demonstrate the possibility to extend load range by direct fuel injection. Reduced nozzle orifice size and reduced injection angle provide higher combustion efficiency; however, this promotes the tendency to knock because of the formation of a locally rich mixture. Arising from discussions based on prediction by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, considering mixture heterogeneity, it is suggested that controlling probability density functions (PDFs) of fuel concentration could be a means to control the rate of pressure rise. Restricted air utilization is useful to activate combustion at low overall equivalence ratios; on the other hand, full utilization of in-cylinder air and formation of a quantity of lean mixture can provide mild combustion.

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Li, Ang, Wenjin Zhu, Chengcheng Li, Tuo Wang, and Jinlong Gong. "Rational design of yolk–shell nanostructures for photocatalysis." Chemical Society Reviews 48, no. 7 (2019): 1874–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00711j.

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Yolk–shell structures provide an ideal platform for the rational regulation and effective utilization of charge carriers because of their void space and large surface areas. Furthermore, the efficiency of charge behavior in every step can be further improved by many strategies. This review describes the synthesis of yolk–shell structures and their effect for the enhancement of heterogeneous photocatalysis.

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Alemu, PhD, MPH, Brook T., Emily A. McCague, MPH, Nicole Holt, DrPH, Patrick A. Baron, PhD, MSPH, Olaniyi Olayinka, MD, MPH, and Brian C. Martin, PhD, MBA. "Opioid use disorder among hospitalized adults in North Carolina: Comparative analysis of national and statewide trends." Journal of Opioid Management 17, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2021.0667.

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Objective: Hospital resource utilization is reported to be higher among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) compared with those without OUD at national and local levels. However, utilization of healthcare services associated with OUD in North Carolina (NC) has not been adequately characterized. We describe inpatient hospital resource utilization among adults with an OUD—diagnosed in NC and the United States (US). We hypothesize that hospitalized adults with OUD will have longer hospital stays, more frequent use of emergency services, a higher number of diagnoses, and comparable hospital charges compared with hospitalized adults without OUD.Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzing hospital discharge abstracts included in the 2016 NC State Inpatient Databases (SIDs) and the 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). OUD and non-OUD groups were compared using the Student's t-test for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables.Participants: Adults 18 years and older from SID (n = 25,871) and NIS (n = 148,255) databases were included in the analysis.Main outcome measures: Length of stay (LOS), use of emergency services, discharge diagnosis, and hospital charge among hospitalized adults with OUD. Results: In NC, patients with OUD were younger (age 18-35), more likely to be white, and more likely to be hospitalized in areas with the lowest median income compared with patients without OUD. Compared to the US, twice as many NC OUD patients were self-payers. Hispanic patients, Medicare beneficiaries, and those in the highest income areas experienced the longest LOS and highest hospital charge. Patients with OUD were more likely to have five or more diagnoses and those with five or more diagnoses had higher LOS and hospital charges. OUD hospitalizations were also associated with more frequent use of emergency services. The most common co-occurring diagnoses were psychoses, substance abuse or dependence, and septicemia or severe sepsis.Conclusion: High percentages of self-payers and lower-income OUD patients indicate the need for Medicaid eligibility outreach programs in NC. High LOS and hospital charges among Hispanic, Medicare-covered, and high-income OUD patients call for a more detailed examination to identify underlying causes of disproportionate resource utilization in NC hospitals.

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Shao, Wei, Hui Wang, and Xiaodong Zhang. "Elemental doping for optimizing photocatalysis in semiconductors." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 36 (2018): 12642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt02613k.

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Among the various strategies for achieving high solar energy utilization, elemental doping has been extensively explored owing to its advantages in regulating light absorption, band positions and charge carrier processes of photocatalysts.

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Ma, Sichao, Raymond Luo, Jake I. Gold, Aaron Z. Yu, Byoungsu Kim, and Paul J. A. Kenis. "Carbon nanotube containing Ag catalyst layers for efficient and selective reduction of carbon dioxide." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 22 (2016): 8573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta00427j.

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The incorporation of MWCNT in the Ag electrode catalyst layer improves charge transfer within the catalyst layer, therefore significantly enhancing catalyst utilization for the electroreduction of CO₂to CO.

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Chung, Wai Keen, Steven T. Evans, Alexander S. Freed, James J. Keba, Zachary C. Baer, Kaushal Rege, and Steven M. Cramer. "Utilization of Lysozyme Charge Ladders to Examine the Effects of Protein Surface Charge Distribution on Binding Affinity in Ion Exchange Systems." Langmuir 26, no. 2 (January 19, 2010): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la902135t.

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