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Academic literature on the topic 'Charge fractionnaire'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Charge fractionnaire"
Kapfer, Maëlle. "Dynamic of excitations of the Fractional quantum Hall effect : fractional charge and fractional Josephson frequency." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS393/document.
Full textIn some quantum matter states, the current may remarkably be transported by carriers that bear a fraction e* of the elementary electron charge. This is the case for the Fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) that happens in two-dimensional systems at low temperature under a high perpendicular magnetic field. When the number of magnetic flux in units of h/e is a fraction of the number of electron, a dissipationless current flows along the edges of the sample and is carried by anyons with fractional charge. The observation of the fractional charge is realized through small current fluctuations produced by the granularity of the charge. Here is presented a reliable method to measure the fractional charge by the mean of cross-correlation of current fluctuations. Moreover, the dynamical properties of those charges is probed when the sample is irradiated with photos at GHz frequency. The long predicted Josephson frequency of the fractional charge is measured. Those measurements validate Photoassisted processes in the FQHE and enable timedomain manipulation of fractional charges in order to realize a single anyon source based on levitons to perform tests of the anyonic statistics of fractional charge
Marut, Clotilde. "La théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité d'ensemble : une alternative pour décrire les états excités et pour pallier aux limitations des méthodes ab initio standard." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30312.
Full textOver the last few decades, density-functional theory (DFT) has proved to be a rigorous approach for describing the ground-state of any electronic system. Due to a relatively low computational cost and the elaboration of sophisticated density-functional approximations (DFAs), DFT became the prevailing method used in electronic-structure calculations. Still, there remain numerous challenges that standard DFAs fail to overcome. These limitations are not attributed to failures of the theory itself but are rather due to deficiencies of the currently used approximate exchange-correlation (xc) functionals. There exists a generalization of ground-state DFT to fractional occupation numbers which allows for the description of systems with fractional number of electrons, PPLB-DFT. Such grand canonical extension of DFT can be achieved through the use of the ensemble formalism and enables direct extraction of charged excitation energies and other properties from a single DFT-like calculation. Unfortunately, the inability of commonly used exchange-correlation DFAs to mimic the infamous derivative discontinuity (DD) has proved to be highly detrimental to the prediction of charged excitations such as ionization potentials and electron affinities, yielding substantial errors, and known as the fundamental-gap problem. Regarding this matter, ensemble DFT (eDFT) offers a very appealing alternative benefiting from the possibility for explicitly weight-dependent xc-functionals to mimic the infamous DD through their derivatives with respect to the ensemble weights. DFT is known to possess deficiencies when it comes to computing charged and neutral excitations. The most popular way to access neutrally excited states within the scope of DFT is through its time-dependent extension, TD-DFT. Indeed, one would usually turn to TD-DFT to get accurate transition energies for low-lying excited-states with a relatively moderate computational cost. Although TD-DFT has been incredibly successful to access neutral excitation energies, it still suffers from some limitations and fails to provide accurate descriptions of some phenomena and properties. eDFT constitutes a promising alternative to TD-DFT for computing electronic excitation energies. In eDFT, it is possible to extract any neutral excitation energies of a N-electron system from a single calculation through the use of a Gross-Oliveira-Kohn (GOK) ensemble, with a similar computational cost and level of approximation for the xc-functional than in an usual DFT calculation. GOK-DFT is a less well-known but comparably rigorous alternative to TD-DFT where the large choice of ensemble weights and the weight-dependence of DFAs can significantly impact the accuracy of the energies. In DFT, it is well-known that the HOMO-LUMO gap can be a very poor estimation of the fundamental gap of the system, whereas eDFT may provide better predictions. Nevertheless, accessing charged excitations usually require to vary the number of electrons of the system, which can be problematic for some systems. Very recently, a new canonical eDFT formalism has been developed, the N-centered formalism, which allows for the extraction of charged excitation energies without any alteration of the number of electrons of the system. The behaviour of standard approximations in the scope of eDFT may provide additional insight into the intrinsic systematic errors of DFAs, such as the violation of the piecewise-linearity and constancy-condition exact properties. Indeed, poor descriptions of systems with fractional charges and fractional spins have shown to have major implications on the description of strongly correlated systems, which are known to suffer from large static-correlation errors, as well as on the prediction of asymptotic integer dissociations and band-gap predictions. These considerations may lead the way to further development and refinement of the DFT scheme towards both current and emerging applications
Hemadou-Artigues, Claude. "Calcul des charges en vol dues aux perturbations atmosphériques par la méthode Statistical Discrete Gust." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0021.
Full textTruchis, de Varennes Gilles de. "Cointégration fractionnaire et co-mouvements des marchés financiers internationaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2011/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study a triangular form of fractional cointegration systems and to investigate whether these systems allow to model the comovements in international financial markets. The thesis is organized around six chapters. Three of them are theory-oriented and the three others are empirics-oriented. Concerning the econometric approach, a particular interest is devoted to the estimation of these systems when all parameters of interest are unknown. To this extent, several estimation techniques are investigated and introduced, essentially in frequency domain as it allows a semi-parametric treatment of the nuisance parameters. Most of times, the performance of these estimators are studied by means of simulations but the asymptotic theory is also developed. Concerning the economic approach, a first contribution applies the fractional cointegration theory to reveal the existence of an exchange rate system between several Asian countries. A second contribution deals with the risk interdependences between the crude oil market and several exchange rates. A third contribution considers an adaptive learning mechanism in a multi-country monetary model to investigate the conditions under which an exchange rate system is likely to emerge
Keddad, Benjamin. "Four essays on monetary and financial integration in Asia." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1096/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes four contributions to the study of Asian monetary and financial integration.The first chapter examines to what extent the East Asian exchange rates (ASEAN-5, South Korea) are sensitive to shocks simulated on the US dollar, the euro and the ACU. We show that these countries have moved from a US dollar-based pegging system to a more flexible exchange rate policy, where the weight of the ACU has increased over the last years. The second chapter attempts to analyze the correlation among the ASEAN-5 business cycles. Estimates reveal that correlations are higher during downturns but the process of adjustment to shocks displays idiosyncratic features. We also provide evidence that the signals contained in some leading ASEAN-5 business cycles help predict regime switching in other countries. The third chapter examines the co-movement among the ASEAN-5 real exchange rates through the generalized purchasing power parity (Enders and Hurns, 1994, 1997). We find that real exchange rates are tied through a long memory process, supporting further monetary integration among different sub-groups of the ASEAN-5.In the last chapter, we investigate to what extent the stock markets in Asia (Hong Kong, Japan, ASEAN-5) are integrated. Our results reveal that the stock market volatilities in developed countries share a common stochastic trend. Conversely, emerging markets appear to be segmented from both each other and global markets
Book chapters on the topic "Charge fractionnaire"
ATTO, Abdourrahmane M., Aluísio PINHEIRO, Guillaume GINOLHAC, and Pedro MORETTIN. "Analyse d’ordre fractionnaire et prédiction de trajectoire de cyclones." In Détection de changements et analyse des séries temporelles d’images 1, 159–82. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9056.ch6.
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