Relevant bibliographies by topics / Charge air

Academic literature on the topic 'Charge air'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Charge air"

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Eitel, Jochen, Wolfgang Kramer, and Eberhard Pantow. "Charge air cooling." ATZ worldwide 105, no. 9 (September 2003): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03224627.

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Zhang, Changjun. "Charge with air." Nature Energy 5, no. 6 (June 2020): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-0642-5.

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STEVENS, MARSHA. "TAKING CHARGE IN THE AIR." Nursing 20, no. 10 (October 1990): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199010000-00028.

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Dingelstadt, René, Peter Wieske, Andreas Eilemann, and Jürgen Stehlig. "Refrigerant-based Charge Air Subcooling." MTZ worldwide 76, no. 10 (September 2, 2015): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-015-0044-4.

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Stehlig, Jürgen, Rene Dingelstadt, Rolf Müller, and James Taylor. "Air intake modules with integrated cascaded charge air cooling." MTZ worldwide 74, no. 3 (February 3, 2013): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-013-0026-3.

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Eilemann, Andreas, Peter Wieske, René Dingelstadt, and Jürgen Stehlig. "Interaction between Charge Air Cooling and Vehicle Air Conditioning." ATZ worldwide 118, no. 1 (December 19, 2015): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-015-0088-8.

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Wu, Liang. "Effect of Air Position to the Mechanism of Air-Decked Blasting." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1167.

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Based on the JHC model of concrete damage evolution, the dynamic stress characteristics and failure mechanism of blast-hole near-field about different air-decked charge structures are studied by numerical simulation. Result shows that the failure mechanism of typical elements changes from compression-shear failure into shear-tensile failure gradually with the increase of their position in indirect initiation of both top-air-decked and bottom-air-decked charges, because of the affecting factors of the freedom and the loading from the hole. If middle-air-decked charges detonate from the top and bottom at the same time, loading and unloading waves in blasting hole are more influential to the damage of bottom elements than the surface freedom, because detonation waves of both top and bottom meet at the middle hole, so it is conducive to the media failure at the bottom hole, the elements of freedom surface have the same failure properties to top-air-decked charge.
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Tada, Yasufusa, and Yuji Murata. "Direct Charge Leakage through Humid Air." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 34, Part 1, No. 4A (April 15, 1995): 1926–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.34.1926.

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Cai, Jing Tao, Ting Tang, and Jin Bo Ma. "Influence of Charges Shape on a Closely Air Blast Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 1411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1411.

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The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the influence of charge shape on the air blast loading near the explosive. By using MSC. DYTRAN, the air blast loading of spherical charge, cubical charge and cylindrical charge with the same weight were simulated. After the characters of shock wave, peak pressure and impulse of such three charges were compared, it can be seen that there are different decay law for peak pressure of cylindrical charge, cubical charge, spherical and experiment formula. There are also different magnitude relation for the impulse at different scaling distance.
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Yusof, Mohd Hazwan, Sulaiman Mohd Muslim, Muhammad Fadhli Suhaimi, Hassan Ibrahim, Azizuddin Abdul Aziz, and Mohamad Firdaus Basrawi. "The Effect of Refrigerant Charge on the Performance of a Split-Unit Type Air Conditioner Using R22 Refrigerant." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822502011.

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Numerous air conditioners are running without a proper refrigerant charge due to leakage and improper charging during installation. Therefore, there is a need to understand the performance of the air conditioner if it is not properly charged for the means of optimal operation and cost saving. This study is focusing on the usage of a used small capacity split-unit type air conditioner using R-22 refrigerant. The objective is to study the condenser performance over a variation of refrigerant charges. From the results, it is clear that the optimum refrigerant charge is 100%. The highest cooling capacity and COP were 3,330 J/s and 3.05 respectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Charge air"

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Zhang, Kai. "Air charge system emulation for diesel engine." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521014.

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The work presented in this thesis details a novel engine evaluation approach utilising real-time simulation and advanced engine testing systems for general applicability to new generations of air charging systems. A novel engine air charging system including a charge air handling unit (CAHU) has been developed which is connected to an engine to emulate advanced boosting system conditions. Significant analytical and development work has focused on generating a real-time turbocharger model such that the CAHU can be effectively controlled to emulate the turbocharger performance under both steady and pulsating conditions. Experimental work was carried out to evaluate this new engine air charge testing system against a production turbocharged baseline engine. The accuracies with respect to the boost pressure, turbocharger speed, mass air flow, and fuel consumption in the steady state tests are above 95%, and the level of confidence for the engine back pressure is approximately 90%. The difference of turbocharger speed between the steady turbocharger model and the pulsation model is also identified. In engine transient tests, the boost pressure and engine torque have shown fast response characteristics similar to that of the baseline engine. While general transient trends were achieved, some issues were identified with the high speed control of the CAHU interacting with the dSPACE real time turbocharger model. It is proposed that future improvement can be achieved via applying new control algorithms to improve the accuracy and tracking the CAHU control without increasing the system instabilities.
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Schaal, Peter. "Observer-based engine air charge characterisation : rapid, observer-assisted engine air charge characterisation using a dynamic dual-ramp testing method." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33247.

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Characterisation of modern complex powertrains is a time consuming and expensive process. Little effort has been made to improve the efficiency of testing methodologies used to obtain data for this purpose. Steady-state engine testing is still regarded as the golden standard, where approximately 90% of testing time is wasted waiting for the engine to stabilize. Rapid dynamic engine testing, as a replacement for the conventional steady-state method, has the potential to significantly reduce the time required for characterisation. However, even by using state of the art measurement equipment, dynamic engine testing introduces the problem that certain variables are not directly measurable due to the excitation of the system dynamics. Consequently, it is necessary to develop methods that allow the observation of not directly measurable quantities during transient engine testing. Engine testing for the characterisation of the engine air-path is specifically affected by this problem since the air mass flow entering the cylinder is not directly measurable by any sensor during transient operation. This dissertation presents a comprehensive methodology for engine air charge characterisation using dynamic test data. An observer is developed, which allows observation of the actual air mass flow into the engine during transient operation. The observer is integrated into a dual-ramp testing procedure, which allows the elimination of unaccounted dynamic effects by averaging over the resulting hysteresis. A simulation study on a 1-D gas dynamic engine model investigates the accuracy of the developed methodology. The simulation results show a trade-off between time saving and accuracy. Experimental test result confirm a time saving of 95% compared to conventional steady-state testing and at least 65% compared to quasi steady-state testing while maintaining the accuracy and repeatability of conventional steady-state testing.
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Andersson, Per. "Air charge estimation in turbocharged spark ignition engines /." Linköping : Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/tek989s.pdf.

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Wei, Cheng. "Air Induction System (AIS) Optimization." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-198507.

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Air intake system (AIS) plays an important role on affecting the performance of the engine and the vehicle. The design and optimization of the structures and materials of AIS contributes to producing a quality reliable system, reducing noise, cost and weight at the same time, which are significant to improve the performance of engine and vehicle. Fresh air hoses/pipes are intended to transport, in air cleaner purified, air from the air cleaner to the throttle fitted on the inlet manifold or to the compressor fitted to the exhaust manifold. Air cleaner box is responsible for filtering out the dust and impurities in the air. The charge air pipes are intended to transport purified compressed air from the compressor to the charge air cooler and then to the throttle fitted on the inlet pipe. For the air cleaner box optimization, through the benchmarking and the innovation ideas from the daily life, two alternative optimized designs were introduced to reduce the cost and weight. The first is four clips connectors and the other is spring clamps. For the hose clamps, another innovation design was introduced to replace the previous hose clamps, which is called friction connector on the inner side of the bellow hose, the outer side of the air cleaner box lid and the clean side duct. For the material of the charge air ducts, TPEE was selected to replace the previous EACM rubber hoses. Further tests and prototypes should be conducted and produced to verify the effect of the optimization.
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McNab, Christopher. "Design optimisation of internally finned tube charge-air coolers." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246001.

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Mauseth, Frank. "Charge accumulation in rod-plane air gap with covered rod." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1489.

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The focus of this work has been on hybrid insulation in inhomogeneous electric fields under lightning impulse voltage stress. The principal idea behind hybrid insulation is the intentional use of surface charges to re-distribute the electric field within an insulation system. This allows a significant part of the electric stress to be transferred from the dielectric weaker gas to the dielectric stronger solid insulation thus increasing the total electric strength of the insulation system.

The concept has been theoretically and experimentally addressed by means of a hemispheric rod covered with a layer of solid insulation. Discharge activity and surface charge accumulation have been studied in an air gap by measuring the voltage and discharge current and recording the discharge activity using a high-speed digital camera. New methods have been introduced and evaluated for the evaluation of surface charge measurements.

The experiments found that the increase in positive inception voltage was considerable compared to uncovered rods. This increase varied from 35% up to 100% depending on the electrode distance. The increase in breakdown strength is higher than the increase in inception voltage and dependent on the covered length of the rod. During the application of a lightning impulse, the discharge activity spreads upwards along the rod and out into the air gap. Positive discharges form numerous branches and bridge the air gap in most cases. Negative discharges are more diffuse, less light intensive and only form a few branches around the tip of the rod where the electric field is the strongest. Discharge activity along the insulating surface has been observed where the background field is lower than the critical electric field strength. Visible discharge activity is observed where the background field is higher than 2.3 kV/mm and 2.5 kV/mm for positive and negative impulses respectively.

During the application of lightning impulses, discharge activity starts in the air gap around the tip where the electric field is highest and spreads upwards along the rod. As expected, negative charges accumulate on the surface in the case of positive impulse voltage and vice versa. However, after more powerful discharges during negative impulse voltage application, surface charges of both polarities have been observed.

Accumulated surface charges decay exponentially with a time constant τ varying from micro-seconds to hours depending on the material properties of the solid insulation. The dominating relaxation mechanism is found to be conduction through the solid insulation.

Improved methods to calculate surface charges based on probe response for a 2D axial symmetric case have been developed and evaluated. The method that is best suited for this purpose is the λ-method with truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) as regularization.

Surface charge calculations show that the accumulated surface charges for the used configuration typically have a maximum value of 0.6 to 1.5 µC/m² and 0.4 to 1 µC/m² after positive and negative impulses respectively. The surface charge density in the areas with the highest discharge activity is relatively uniform. Further upwards along the rod, the surface charge density is reduced relatively fast towards zero, and in some cases, it changes polarity before approaching zero.

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Bagga, Payel. "Measurement of Electrostatic Dipoles and Net Charge on Air Dispersed Particles." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2992.

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Dipoles are expected to often dramatically enhance the mutual collision rate of diffusing particles (above the effects of Brownian or turbulent motion). However, this spreading awareness of the possible influence of discrete dipoles on particles is still based largely on theory, and some qualitative experience of particle behaviour from microgravity experiments. Individual particle dipoles have not yet been definitely isolated in experiments, nor measured in practical situations. In this project, it was intended to measure, for the first time, distributions of dipole strength (as well as net charge and particle size) on particulates dispersed into air by typical industrial and pharmaceutical processing methods. The instruments designed to do this were built around a sampling head which allowed examination of a flow of dust dispersed into an air stream. During dispersal, the particles suffered tribocharging by mutual separation and collision on walls. Examination of the particles involved recording the path of particles as they moved through a non-uniform electric field around a central electrode, which was supplied with high voltage. Particles were attracted towards the central electrode (of 0.5 mm diameter in this study) if they contained dipoles, independent of the polarity of the field or their net charge. Particles to be examined were illuminated by a laser sheet as they moved past, and a high speed video captured their trajectories (over a field of view of around 5 mm). The equation of motion of a particle which involved the forces of both particle net charge and dipole strength was applied to the particle path to evaluate both these parameters. The particle trajectories were modelled, and checked against the observed experimental trajectories. The voltage applied to the probe varied from 4 kV to 18 kV but for most of the runs 6 kV voltage was used. The electric field around the probe tip was assumed to be same as that for a spherical electrode of the same size as the probe. The flow field axially towards and around the probe tip was calculated using the Stokes creeping flow equations around a sphere. The calculated electric and flow fields were checked against COMSOL Multiphysics models applied to actual geometries and flow regimes. The rotation dynamics of the particles was also considered important in the technique, requiring possibly extra knowledge of the initial direction of the dipole. The flow was led through a lateral field between two plates in order to orient the direction of any dipoles in the direction of the lateral field. The expected orientation of dipoles coming out of the plates was used as an initial guess of their orientation for modelling the rotation of the dipoles when they entered the probe field. Misalignment after leaving the plate field and before entering the probe field was also considered, and was found to be important due to vortices characterised by smoke and particle studies. However, the trajectory modelling revealed that the particles studied quickly rotated into alignment with the probe field, providing maximum attractive force to the probe, and so the values of net charge and dipole strength obtained did not depend on the initial orientation. Estimated errors of particle position and diameter used in all the calculation steps were judged to be well within a basic image error limit of ±1 pixel. Some particle trajectories showed unexplainable shapes which was traced to the influence of large mixing eddies around the gas/particle jet. A check for corona discharge at the probe tip was made both at the beginning and at the end of the sampling experiments. No corona was detected initially (up to 18 kV), but a discharge could be observed at voltages close to 7 kV in the later checks. Particles of acrylic, glass bubbles, whole milk and fertiliser powder were sampled and net charges and dipole charges were estimated. The sampled particles overall had net charge and dipole charge in the range of 10-15 C to 10-12 C on individual particles with diameters 20 μm -130 μm. Dipoles were more evident (more easily measured) for glass bubbles but the presence of dipoles on other particle samples was found and could not be completely ruled out for many of them. The analysis procedure is presently time consuming but can be automated so it is recommended in the future that it should be automated. The work can be extended into industrial situations by sampling moving dust suspensions, e.g. fluid bed overflows and pneumatically conveyed outflows, useful in the dairy and fertilizer industries.
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Sharkey, Patrick S. "Optimisation of charge-air coolers for vehicular applications using numerical techniques." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309180.

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Darlington, Alexander John Veale. "Diesel air-path mean-value modelling and charge properties under transient conditions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598279.

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Simple mean-value air-path models for modern diesel engines are in common use and have been reported in the literature. This thesis addresses several shortcomings in the models to improve the description of the cylinder charge properties during transient operation. During sudden increases in the demanded engine load, spikes are typically seen in both NOx and smoke emissions. The predicted cylinder charge properties during the transient are examined and compared with measurements of NOx and smoke. Together, the emissions data and charge properties paint a consistent picture of the phenomena occurring during the transient. Based on this analysis, alternative strategies for reducing emissions during load transients are developed. Experimental results show that spikes in both NOx and smoke can be avoided at the expense of some loss in torque response. Even if the torque response must be maintained, it is demonstrated that NOx spikes can still be eliminated. The air-path model is subsequently extended to include a throttle in the engine intake system. Based on this model, a feed-forward controller is designed to deliver the fastest possible reduction in the in-cylinder air-charge. This type of fast transient may be required to allow regeneration of Lean NOx Trap exhaust after-treatment systems. The performance of the model based controller is assessed experimentally using a completely novel sampling valve system to measure the in-cylinder gas properties on a cycle-by-cycle basis. When compared with a more conventional approach, the model based controller demonstrates a significantly faster change in the charge properties.
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Roache, Kent Arthur. "A study of premixed and stratified charge combustion of CH4/H2/air and H2/air mixtures under constant volume conditions." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6464.

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The aim of this research was to conduct fundamental charge stratification studies in a constant volume combustion chamber using hydrogen/methane/air and hydrogen/air mixtures. Charge stratification allows the benefits of a rich, or richer, mixture at initiation to be combined with the benefits of a lean overall mixture. Thus benefits can be achieved in terms of combustion efficiency and/or emissions. The investigation was divided into two main sections; the first dealing with the hydrogen enrichment of methane and the second, the reduction of nitric oxide emissions when burning hydrogen only in air. The aim of the first section was to determine the improvements to the combustion characteristics of methane that could be achieved through the homogeneous (pre-mixed) and heterogeneous (stratified charge) addition of hydrogen. The parameters measured were the peak pressure and time to peak pressure while the proportion of hydrogen added was varied. The aim of the second section was an attempt to reduce the concentration of nitric oxide formed during the combustion of hydrogen/air mixtures through the use of charge stratification. The proportion of the hydrogen injected was varied along with the ignition delay in order to alter the level of stratification. The concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaust gases was measured using a mass spectrometer. In addition to the above, optical probes were used to investigate flame propagation and to determine the cause of the 'double hump' pressure trace. For all investigations a cylindrical constant volume combustion chamber of internal volume 2.06 litres was used and the stratified charge was created by injecting pure hydrogen through the core of a specially modified spark plug. Investigations were carried out to improve the level of stratification of the injected hydrogen along with the accuracy of test mixture creation. The results from the first section of this investigation indicate that the addition of hydrogen is a very efficient way of improving combustion characteristics. In particular, significant improvements were observed in the ignition delay and rate of pressure rise leading to higher peak pressures and reduced times to peak pressure. Further benefits were achieved through the use of a stratified charge. Similar improvements to homogeneous charges were observed whilst using up to ten times less hydrogen. The second section indicated that the use of a stratified charge is an effective means for reducing the emissions of nitric oxide. Maximum reduction of nitric oxide (30%) was achieved when igniting the stratified mixture with a minimum ignition delay after the end of injection. An increasing ignition delay leads to a less stratified region and nitric oxide levels tending to homogeneous values. Much work is still required in the area of stratified charge formation and initial results indicate that further improvements could be achieved. In conclusion, this project has indicated that the use of hydrogen enrichment could pave the way for the general acceptance of alternative transport fuels, including hydrogen itself and that the charge stratification concept remains one of the most promising alternatives available for meeting the anticipated environmental and legislative requirements of the future.
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Books on the topic "Charge air"

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Agency, Canada Canadian Transport. Air travel accessibility survey report: Taking charge of the air travel experience. Ottawa: Canadian Transport Agency, 2001.

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Canada. Dept. of Finance. Explanatory notes relating to the Air Travellers Security Charge and to Income Tax. Ottawa, Ont: Dept. of Finance, 2002.

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Canada. Dept. of Finance. Explanatory notes relating to the Air Travellers Security Charge and to Income Tax. [Ottawa]: Dept. of Finance, 2002.

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Misakian, M. Calibration of aspirator-type ion counters and measurement of unipolar charge densities. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Misakian, M. Calibration of aspirator-type ion counters and measurement of unipolar charge densities. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Misakian, M. Calibration of aspirator-type ion counters and measurement of unipolar charge densities. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Misakian, M. Calibration of aspirator-type ion counters and measurement of unipolar charge densities. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Misakian, M. Calibration of aspirator-type ion counters and measurement of unipolar charge densities. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Misakian, M. Calibration of aspirator-type ion counters and measurement of unipolar charge densities. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Garrett, T. K. Automotive fuels and fuel systems: Fuels, tanks, fuel delivery, metering, air charge augmentation, mixing, combustion and environmental considerations. London: Pentech., 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Charge air"

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Carignon, Alain. "Ministre Delegue Charge De L’environnement." In Air Pollution and Ecosystems, 11–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4003-1_4.

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Juergen, Stehlig, Dingelstadt Rene, Ehrmanntraut Johann, Mueller Rolf, and Taylor James. "Air Intake Modules with Integrated Indirect Charge Air Coolers." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1379–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33750-5_46.

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Rask Mathiesen, Nicolai, Marko Melander, Mikael Kuisma, Pablo García-Fernández, and Juan Maria García Lastra. "Novel Methodologies to Model Charge Transport in Metal-Air Batteries." In Metal-Air Batteries, 331–65. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527807666.ch12.

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Gollin, Alfred. "Winston Churchill Takes Charge." In The Impact of Air Power on the British People and their Government, 1909–14, 291–320. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10887-9_13.

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Diercks, B. V. "Ionizing Air for Static Charge Neutralization While Processing Sensitive Materials." In ACS Symposium Series, 286–93. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0345.ch019.

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Schneider, Simon, Andreas Eilemann, and Jürgen Stehlig. "Cascaded indirect integrated charge air cooling for passenger car diesel engines." In Proceedings, 47–59. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05130-3_5.

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Li, Xin-jian, Jun Yang, and Bing-qiang Yan. "Numerical studies on air-decking charge in the fragmentation of concrete." In Advances in Energy Science and Equipment Engineering II, 375–78. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315116167-74.

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Lutz, Rainer. "Fuel saving potential of indirect charge air cooling for heavy-duty trucks." In Proceedings, 679–700. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17109-4_43.

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Wang, Fenglan, Rong Liu, and Bofeng Zhang. "Research on Flow Uniformity of the Charge Air Cooler Based on CFD." In Advances in Decision Science and Management, 197–209. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2502-2_21.

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Beran, Tobias, Jan Gärtner, and Thomas Koch. "Charge-Air Cooling of High Performance Engines in an Ejector Refrigeration Cycle." In Proceedings, 325–44. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35588-3_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Charge air"

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Kolb, John, Ming Zhao, Marco Lambert, and Joseph JuGer. "Long Life, Heavy Duty, Air-to-Air Charge Air Cooler." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/981974.

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Smith, Paul Richard. "Durability Concerns of Aluminum Air to Air Charge Air Coolers." In Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/931125.

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Kotwicki, Allan, John Russell, Ross Pursifull, and Don Lewis. "An Air Meter Based Cylinder Air Charge Estimator." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0856.

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Van Nieuwstadt, M. J., I. V. Kolmanovsky, M. Haghgooie, and M. Hammoud. "Air Charge Estimation in Camless Engines." In SAE 2001 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-0581.

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Harada, Masaki, Takashi Yasuda, Shota Terachi, Sergio Pujols, and Jason R. Spenny. "Water Cooled Charge Air Cooler Development." In SAE 2016 World Congress and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0651.

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Knutsson, Magnus, and Mats Åbom. "Acoustic Analysis of Charge Air Coolers." In SAE 2007 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-2208.

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Palomares, Saulo, Osmar Alves dos Santos, Wellington Leite, Hojun Hwang, Kwangik Cho, and Yongseok Yang. "Charge Air Cooler Inlet Hose Optimization." In 24th SAE Brasil International Congress and Display. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-36-0108.

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Collette, Thierry. "Charge Air Cooler for Passenger Cars." In Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/931089.

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Pouder, John M. "Air Sensing Viscous Fan Drive Performance on Charge Air Cooled Engines." In SAE International Truck and Bus Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/861944.

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Knaak, Mirko, Ulrike Schoop, and Karsten Roepke. "Comparison of Different Transient Air Charge Models." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0051.

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Reports on the topic "Charge air"

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Steinbrecher, Christian, Bastian Reineke, Jurgen Berkemer, Henning Heikes, and Wolfgang Fischer. Online Engine Speed Based Adaptation of Air Charge for Two- Wheelers. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9037.

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Fan, Sewan. A Device for Precision Neutralization of Electric Charge of Small Drops Using Ionized Air. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812961.

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Praphairaksit, Narong. Development and Evaluation of an Externally Air-Cooled Low-Flow torch and the Attenuation of Space Charge and Matrix Effects in Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764685.

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Chang, Hsieng-Ye, and Stafford D. Coakley. Training Munitions Health Risk Assessment NO. 39-EJ-1485-00 Residential Exposure from Inhalation of Air Emissions from the 155-MM Propelling Charge (M3 Series) Department of Defense Identification Code: D540. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397517.

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Akasha, Heba, Omid Ghaffarpasand, and Francis Pope. Climate Change and Air Pollution. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.071.

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This rapid literature review explores the interactions between climate change and air pollution, with a focus on human health impacts. In particular, the report explores potential synergies in tackling climate change and air pollution together. The impacts and implications of the transition from a carbon-intensive economy upon air quality and consequently human health are examined. Discussing climate change without air pollution can lead to risks. For example, strategies that focus on electrification and transition to renewable energy achieve maximum health and air quality benefits compared to strategies that focus mainly on combustible renewable fuels (biofuel and biomass) with some electrification. Addressing climate change necessitates a shift towards a new low carbon era. This involves stringent and innovative changes in behaviour, technology, and policy. There are distinct benefits of considering climate change and air pollution together. Many of the processes that cause climate change also cause air pollution, and hence reductions in these processes will generate cleaner air and less global warming. Politically, the consideration of the two issues in tandem can be beneficial because of the time-inconsistency problems of climate change. Air pollution improvements can offer politicians victories, on a useful timescale, to help in their aims of reversing climate change. By coupling air pollution and air pollution agendas together, it will increase the media and political attention both environmental causes receive. Policies should involve the integration of climate change, air quality, and health benefits to create win-win situations. The success of the strategies requires financial and technical capacity building, commitment, transparency, and multidisciplinary collaboration, including governance stakeholders at multiple levels, in both a top-down and bottom-up manner.
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Rock, B. A., R. Anderson, and M. J. Brandemuehl. Simplified air change effectiveness modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154383.

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Rock, B. A., R. Anderson, and M. J. Brandemuehl. Simplified air change effectiveness modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5170712.

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Law, Edward, Samuel Gan-Mor, Hazel Wetzstein, and Dan Eisikowitch. Electrostatic Processes Underlying Natural and Mechanized Transfer of Pollen. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7613035.bard.

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The project objective was to more fully understand how the motion of pollen grains may be controlled by electrostatic forces, and to develop a reliable mechanized pollination system based upon sound electrostatic and aerodynamic principles. Theoretical and experimental analyses and computer simulation methods which investigated electrostatic aspects of natural pollen transfer by insects found that: a) actively flying honeybees accumulate ~ 23 pC average charge (93 pC max.) which elevates their bodies to ~ 47 V likely by triboelectrification, inducing ~ 10 fC of opposite charge onto nearby pollen grains, and overcoming their typically 0.3-3.9 nN detachment force resulting in non-contact electrostatic pollen transfer across a 5 mm or greater air gap from anther-to-bee, thus providing a theoretical basis for earlier experimental observations and "buzz pollination" events; b) charge-relaxation characteristics measured for flower structural components (viz., 3 ns and 25 ns time constants, respectively, for the stigma-style vs. waxy petal surfaces) ensure them to be electrically appropriate targets for electrodeposition of charged pollen grains but not differing sufficiently to facilitate electrodynamic focusing onto the stigma; c) conventional electrostatic focusing beneficially concentrates pollen-deposition electric fields onto the pistill tip by 3-fold as compared to that onto underlying flower structures; and d) pollen viability is adequately maintained following exposure to particulate charging/management fields exceeding 2 MV/m. Laboratory- and field-scale processes/prototype machines for electrostatic application of pollen were successfully developed to dispense pollen in both a dry-powder phase and in a liquid-carried phase utilizing corona, triboelectric, and induction particulate-charging methods; pollen-charge levels attained (~ 1-10 mC/kg) provide pollen-deposition forces 10-, 77-, and 100-fold greater than gravity, respectively, for such charged pollen grains subjected to a 1 kV/cm electric field. Lab and field evaluations have documented charged vs. ukncharged pollen deposition to be significantly (a = 0.01-0.05) increased by 3.9-5.6 times. Orchard trials showed initial fruit set on branches individually treated with electrostatically applied pollen to typically increase up to ~ 2-fold vs. uncharged pollen applications; however, whole-tree applications have not significantly shown similar levels of benefit and corrective measures continue. Project results thus contribute important basic knowledge and applied electrostatics technology which will provide agriculture with alternative/supplemental mechanized pollination systems as tranditional pollen-transfer vectors are further endangered by natural and man-fade factors.
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Berry, Terri-Ann, Jordan H. D. Chiswell, Shannon L. Wallis, and Roger Birchmore. The Effect of Airtightness on Indoor Air Quality in Timber Houses in New Zealand. Unitec ePress, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.92017.

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This two-part study considers the impact of airtightness based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) only. Two identical buildings (test and control) were constructed in Auckland, New Zealand. The test building contained an Intello vapour check membrane to reduce air-flow and subsequent heat loss. Air change rates (air changes per hour, or ACH) were calculated from air-leakage rates in each of the buildings. Data analysis demonstrated that the VOC levels in the test house were consistently higher than those established in the control house.
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Kennedy, Kevin J. Stealth: A Revolutionary Change to Air Warfare. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada249880.

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