Academic literature on the topic 'Charbon – Industrie et commerce – Meuse (France)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Charbon – Industrie et commerce – Meuse (France)":
Fernandes, Oliveira Ana Cláudia. "Integrated assessment of historical charcoal production in NW European lowlands : from kiln inventory to legacies in the environment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0095.
Wood was (and still is) a key resource in human societies by being a source of energy in the (proto-) industrial development from the Middle-Ages to the emergence of fossil energy. Charcoal kilns, the most visible traces of charcoal production activity, are widespread and preserved in forest areas being an important source of information about former woodland exploitation. Thus, a multidisciplinary study of charcoal production in lowland area in Meuse (NE France), including contributions from anthracology, image analysis, history, soil and vegetation sciences permits to have an integrative overview of the impacts and legacies of the activity on the environment.Platform quantification was performed according LiDAR data, by comparing both man-made and automatic detection. Expert-based detection was more precise and the algorithm-based detection one was able to find more structures. We also showed that field validation was an important step to refine the quality of detection performed by digital approaches.Results of charcoal analysis of the 48 sampled charcoal kilns revealed the occurrence of 12 taxa with the dominance of Carpinus betulus, representing two thirds of the diversity observed. Dating results, from radiocarbon and Optically-Stimulated Luminescence, suggest that the activity took place, most likely, throughout the 1800s until the beginning of the 1900s. By conjugating evidences from diameter estimation of charcoal pieces and historic written records, a coppice-with-standards management regime was in place at the time of charcoal production where standards (mostly Quercus and Fagus) were favored to become the timber resources, and coppiced (Carpinus) was harvested in shorter rotation cycles.The soils analysis show that soil structure was also impacted by construction and operation of charcoal kilns. Also, analyses of soils around kilns revealed differences by an increasing concentration of elements when compared to outer references. Additionally, results from the vegetation survey also reflected a higher species richness in the plots on the platform when compared to the external references.This work provided an integrative analysis of the charcoal production process from the past influences to the present-day effects on the temperate lowland forest ecosystems. The results obtained have got various implications of several fields of research such as paleoecology, forest ecology and pedology, concerning ecological trajectories and ecosystem legacies
TORNATORE, JEAN LOUIS TREPOS JEAN YVES. "LE CHARBON ET SES HOMMES. TENSIONS, COORDINATION ET COMPROMIS DANS LE RESEAU SOCIOTECHNIQUE DE L'EXPLOITATION DU CHARBON DES ALPES BRIANCONNAISES, XVIIIE - XXE SIECLES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2000/Tornatore.Jean_Louis.LMZ0003.pdf.
Berger, Françoise. "La France, l'Allemagne et l'acier (1932-1952) : de la stratégie des cartels à l'élaboration de la CECA." Paris 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442332.
Tornatore, Jean-Louis. "Le charbon et ses hommes : tensions, coordination et compromis dans le réseau sociotechnique de l'exploitation du charbon des Alpes briançonnaises, XVIIIe - XXe siècles." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769798.
Sougy, Nadège. "Les charbons de La Machine : valorisation et commercialisation des produits d'une houillère nivernaise de 1838 à 1938." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010561.
Cantelaube, Jean. "Forge à la catalane et forgeurs ariégeois : la longue fidélité des Pyrénées à la réduction directe du minerai de fer (XVIIe-XIXe siècle)." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20076.
The catalan forge was born and was perfected during the XVIIth century in the Foix county and in the East of the Pyrenees. This ironworks is a major technical innovation to be seen in the context of a long fidelity to the direct smelting of iron ore. At the origin of an iron industry, it has a higher output of recognizable metal (fer mol, fer fort, acier naturel), saving charcoal at the same time. The quick diffusion of this inventionon both sides of the Pyrenees and the systematic appeal to Ariege ironworkers show that it answers metal processing methods appropriately, with costs compatible with the rural society finances, bearable for the mountain environment, acceptable for the mountain communities in the traditionla agro-pastoral civilization and finally closely connected with the regional market demands belonging to Toulouse. This forge allowed mountain people getting always more numerous to survive in the high valleys. The catalan forge disappeared at the end of the XIXth century (to be more precise in 1884), while pyrenean society undrewent a radical transformation
Chancerel, Pierre. "Le marché du charbon en France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale (1914-1921)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100142/document.
During the First World War, France loses some coalmines in Nord and Pas-de-Calais, a large number of miners and German and Belgian imports. Despite the liberal principles of the Third Republic, the French State intervenes more and more into the production, the transport and the commercialization of coal to fix the shortage. From summer 1917, the Minister of Armament Louis Loucheur settles a specific administration, the Bureau national des Charbons, which controls the whole market: it gathers producers and consumers, fixes prices and rules the repartition. After the Armistice, increased English prices and insufficient German deliveries impose on the administration to keep controlling the market. The Bureau national des Charbons aims to unify the national market with single sales price for the whole country. It also becomes an instrument of economic policy since it can give some advantages to specific categories of consumer. At the beginning of 1921, this war system is suddenly dismantled. France faces then an industrial overproduction crisis which gives an end to the shortage and questions the State’s market intervention
Youssoufi, Meryem. "Phénomènes migratoires et problématique d'émigration de la population du Haut Atlas atlantique, région d'Ida Outanane Agadir-Maroc." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082911.
The object of study in our thesis deals with the human migratory phenomena in Ida Outanane population. The Ida Outanane territory is bounded by Haha tribes and Kssima-Msguina tribes. The area corresponds to 1113 km2, i. E. 0,15% of the overall Moroccan territory. The basic motivation for our endeavor lies in its originality, for the migratory phenomena in these tribes has never been studied. In our enterprise, we have analyzed the social, economic and cultural backgrounds with the view to come out with an detailes analysis of both the country of origin as well as the host country. A number of facts have popped up as soon as we started our study, chief of which the geographical relief of the area as well as its meteorological characteristics which impinge on the life-style of the population. Thus, the terrain is extremely rocky and arable land extremely scarce. The unsystematicness of the precipitations, the heritage dissecting plots into tiny patches and the lack of basic equipment (such as education, health, infrastructure, roads, etc. ) all constitute ingredients of the perfect recipe for a miserable life, which in turn constitutes a driving force for migration. Presumably, one of the strong points of our study is borne out by the fact that we took the trouble to carry out a field study ; we got in touch with the population, listened and recorded their dissatisfaction, their aspirations, their pains and joys not only in the country of origin but in the host countries as well
Crenn, Bernard. "Les fours à chaux des marges armoricaines : 1775-fin des années 1950 : la grande mue d'une petite industrie." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0132.
Lime making, mainly in limekilns supplied with coal, is a caracteristic activity on the armorican fringes in france (maine-et-loire, mayenne, western sarthe) during the 19th century. This know-how is turning to good account the local limestone quarries and often the regional coal mines. The dominant production is lime for agricultural enrichment ; it reaches its peak about 1860. To better understand the evolution on a long-lasting period, we have opted for an analysis beginning 1775 and going to 1939. The study which is inserted in a large conception of technical history, concerns the transformations of technics, sites, landscapes, enterprises, social conditions and economic strategies. The first part is dedicated to the analysis of the dissemination of a technic, the coal limeburning, during the period 1775-1839. A know-how, already made up on the banks of the angevin basse-loire, spread around and this scattered making takes proto- industrial aspects. The second part underscores trends toward mass production and concentration from the beginning of the 1840's to the end of the 1870's, insisting on the implication of some local mining societies in the lime production. The third part shows at ounce, from 1880 to 1939, the declines of some traditional production forms and the existence of resistance poles, led by families or societies. It takes into consideration the problem of reconversion of sites and people