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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Characterization of the columns

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Academic literature on the topic 'Characterization of the columns'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Characterization of the columns"

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Kato, Akira, Korefumi Nakamura, Hisayuki Kudo, Yen Ha Tran, Yoko Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Doi, and Shigehisa Hirose. "Characterization of the Column and Autocellular Junctions That Define the Vasculature of Gill Lamellae." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 55, no. 9 (May 3, 2007): 941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.6a7154.2007.

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Novel adhesion junctions have been characterized that are formed at the interface between pillar cells and collagen columns, both of which are essential constituents of the gill lamellae in fish. We termed these junctions the “column junction” and “autocellular junction” and determined their molecular compositions by immunofluorescence microscopy using pufferfish. We visualized collagen columns by concanavalin A staining and found that the components of integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion, such as talin, vinculin, paxillin, and fibronectin, were concentrated on plasma membranes surrounding collagen columns (column membranes). This connection is analogous to the focal adhesion of cultured mammalian cells, dense plaque of smooth muscle cells, and myotendinous junction of skeletal muscle cells. We named this connection the “column junction.” In the cytoplasm near the column, actin fibers, actinin, and a phosphorylated myosin light chain of 20 kDa are densely located, suggesting the contractile nature of pillar cells. The membrane infoldings surrounding the collagen columns were found to be connected by the autocellular junction, whose components are highly tyrosine-phosphorylated and contain the tight junction protein ZO-1. This study represents the first molecular characterization and fluorescence visualization of the column and autocellular junctions involved in both maintaining structural integrity and the hemodynamics of the branchial lamellae.

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Roehrer, Simon, and Mirjana Minceva. "Evaluation of Inter-Apparatus Separation Method Transferability in Countercurrent Chromatography and Centrifugal Partition Chromatography." Separations 6, no. 3 (July 24, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations6030036.

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In the countercurrent chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography, separation method transfer and scale-up is often described as an easy and straightforward procedure. Separation methods are usually developed on lab scale columns and subsequently transferred using linear scale-up factors to semi-preparative or preparative columns of the same column design. However, the separation methods described in the literature have been developed on various columns of different design and size. This is accompanied by differences in the separation behavior of the columns and therefore makes separation method transfer difficult. In the current study, the separation performances of different columns were evaluated and compared. Linear correlations of stationary phase retention and column efficiency as a function of flow rate were found to be applicable for the calculation of separation resolution in the typical operating range of each column. In this context, a two-point short-cut approach for a fast column characterization is recommended. This allows a quick prediction of the separation method transferability between columns, which saves experimental time and effort. In the current study, the transferability between five different columns from lab scale countercurrent chromatography (CCC) (18 mL) to semi-preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPCs) (250 mL) with different cell numbers and design is investigated.

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Oliveira, V., and R. Vilar. "Characterization of columns grown during KrF laser micromachining of Al2O3–TiC ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 5 (May 2003): 1123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0154.

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This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of column formation mechanisms in Al2O3–TiC ceramics micromachined using excimer lasers. Chemical and structural characterization of columns grown in Al2O3–TiC composite processed with 200 KrF laser pulses at 10 J/cm2 was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Fully developed columns consist of a core of unprocessed material surrounded by an outer layer of Al2TiO5, formed in oxidizing conditions, and an inner layer, formed in reducing conditions, composed of TiC and Al3Ti or an AlTi solid solution. Possible mechanisms of column formation are discussed.

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Garbassi, F. "Columns: Polymer Analysis and Characterization." Polymer News 30, no. 9 (September 2005): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323910500250733.

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Rue, Cary A., and Patrick Ryan. "Characterization of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein C attachment to heparan sulfate proteoglycans." Journal of General Virology 83, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-83-2-301.

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Pseudorabies virus first attaches to cells through an interaction between the envelope glycoprotein C (gC) and the cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) that is linked to proteoglycans (HSPGs). The HS-binding domain of gC is composed of three discrete heparin-binding domains (HBDs), designated HBD1, -2 and -3 for their proximity to the amino terminus of gC. Each HBD can independently mediate virus attachment to HS, yet each also exhibits a distinct binding preference for differentially sulfated derivatives of heparin. To demonstrate this, affinity columns composed of wild-type gC or mutant gC retaining a single HBD to capture several HSPGs from cultured pig and bovine kidney cells were used. The wild-type gC column bound all of the HSPGs well and, overall, bound more than 90% of the total sample applied to the column. Columns composed of either HBD2 or -3 bound intermediate amounts (40%) of the total sample applied, while the HBD1 column bound low amounts of HSPGs. HBD2 and -3 columns did not uniformly bind all of the HSPGs from bovine kidney cells, but the same HSPGs were bound with equal efficiency on each column. Thus, despite their different preferences for sulfation patterns on HS side-chains, HBD2 and -3 appear to bind the same proteoglycan cores. These results established a hierarchy of HBD2=HBD3>HBD1 in importance for HSPG binding. These in vitro-binding results correlated with the attachment phenotype of virus strains expressing gC with a single HBD in their envelopes.

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Stultz, Conner, and Frank L. Dorman. "Characterization of 9 Gas Chromatography Columns by Linear and Lee Retention Indices for Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes." Separations 7, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7030038.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and naphthalenes (PCNs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with varying degrees of toxicity. There are hundreds of possible congeners with similar chemical characteristics, which make these compounds difficult to isolate in environmental samples. Historically, PCBs and PCNs were identified by using an Aroclor or Halowax mixture instead of the individual compounds, which was impractical because of limited numbers of individual standards. A retention index database was developed with all 209 PCBs and 36 PCNs to help identify these chemicals in environmental and biological matrixes. This study uses linear and Lee retention indices to identify all 209 PCBs and 36 PCNs on nine gas chromatography columns. The most toxic congeners, the 12 dioxin-like PCBs, were compared across all columns to determine which stationary phases gave the best selectivity for those compounds. Column selectivity was also examined to determine columns for confirmatory analyses and GC×GC separations. The Rxi-17SilMS demonstrated the most drastic difference in PCB selectivity and, to a lesser extent, PCNs when compared with the other eight columns and could work as a confirmatory column or as a 2nd dimension column for GC×GC separations.

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Miyabe, Kanji, and Georges Guiochon. "Characterization of monolithic columns for HPLC." Journal of Separation Science 27, no. 10-11 (July 2004): 853–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200401772.

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Plieva, Fatima M., Jonatan Andersson, Igor Yu Galaev, and Bo Mattiasson. "Characterization of polyacrylamide based monolithic columns." Journal of Separation Science 27, no. 10-11 (July 2004): 828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200401836.

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Molnarova, Katarina, and Petr Kozlík. "Comparison of Different HILIC Stationary Phases in the Separation of Hemopexin and Immunoglobulin G Glycopeptides and Their Isomers." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204655.

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Protein glycosylation analysis is challenging due to the structural variety of complex conjugates. However, chromatographically separating glycans attached to tryptic peptides enables their site-specific characterization. For this purpose, we have shown the importance of selecting a suitable hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) stationary phase in the separation of glycopeptides and their isomers. Three different HILIC stationary phases, i.e., HALO® penta-HILIC, Glycan ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) Amide, and ZIC-HILIC, were compared in the separation of complex N-glycopeptides of hemopexin and Immunoglobulin G glycoproteins. The retention time increased with the polarity of the glycans attached to the same peptide backbone in all HILIC columns tested in this study, except for the ZIC-HILIC column when adding sialic acid to the glycan moiety, which caused electrostatic repulsion with the negatively charged sulfobetaine functional group, thereby decreasing retention. The HALO® penta-HILIC column provided the best separation results, and the ZIC-HILIC column the worst. Moreover, we showed the potential of these HILIC columns for the isomeric separation of fucosylated and sialylated glycoforms. Therefore, HILIC is a useful tool for the comprehensive characterization of glycoproteins and their isomers.

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Thiessen, Kendall J., Marolo C. Alfaro, and James A. Blatz. "Measuring the load–deformation response of rockfill columns by a full-scale field test on a natural riverbank." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 7 (July 2011): 1032–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-019.

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A full-scale field test loading of a riverbank stabilized with rockfill columns was used to measure the load–deformation characteristics of the reinforced slope. The test site is located on the natural banks of the Red River in the city of Winnipeg. Rockfill column technology has evolved from granular shear key methods for stabilizing slopes. The relatively weak lacustrine clays are stabilized with compacted columns of limestone rockfill. The columns typically extend through the clay stratum and are anchored in the underlying till. The project involved an extensive site investigation, and soils characterization program in preparation for the field test. Eleven 2.1 m diameter columns were tested by loading the bank with 1920 t of fill. The deformations were measured with standard and in-place inclinometers. The pore-water pressure response of the in situ soils was continuously monitored with vibrating wire piezometers. The results have shown that shear stresses are mobilized along the entire length of the column when subjected to loading, and that complete densification is important in minimizing deformations. This paper discusses the design and construction of the field test and presents the results of the monitoring programs.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Characterization of the columns"

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Escudero, Ramiro Garcia. "Characterization of rigid spargers and their selection for flotation columns." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/NQ44423.pdf.

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Escudero, Garcia Ramiro. "Characterization of rigid spargers and their selection for flotation columns." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34953.

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Rigid spargers are enjoying renewed interest in some flotation column applications such as de-inking of recycled paper and de-oiling of water. Sparger selection depends on the physical characteristics of the porous material, the liquid/slurry properties, and the dimensions of the column. There is no generally accepted method to select spargers for a given flotation column duty. A methodology for selecting stainless steel rigid spargers is proposed. The methodology is based on a target bubble size (db), gas holdup (epsilong), or bubble surface flux ( Sb). It combines two models: one for bubble formation at the sparger proposed by Kumar and Kuloor which relates bubble size to sparger characteristics, and drift flux analysis which relates mean bubble size, gas holdup, and gas rate.
Prediction of bubble size by the Kumar and Kuloor model requires a knowledge of an equivalent pore diameter (De) of the sparger. A procedure to estimate De by fitting the predicted and measured epsilong - Jg relationships is developed.
Comparison of bubble size measured photographically with that estimated from drift flux analysis, and predicted by the Kumar and Kuloor model shows acceptable agreement between the measured, estimated and predicted values.
By combining db predicted with drift flux analysis, and allowing for column dimensions, both the gas holdup and the bubble surface flux were predicted. A maximum in sparger surface area was found above which the gas holdup and the bubble surface flux do not increase.
Spargers were characterized according to their permeability (k ), by applying the Darcy law. Sparger homogeneity was established from this permeability measurement. A relationship between De and k was derived. For spargers with permeability up to 0.75 darcy (0.75 x 10-5 m2), the equivalent pore diameter was constant (De = 2 mum). For larger permeabilities De increased with permeability.
Application of the sparger selection criteria in a pilot unit (0.5 m diameter column) showed epsilong and Sb can be predicted with acceptable accuracy.

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Fang, Yan. "Pore Size Characterization of Monolithic Capillary Columns Using Capillary Flow Porometry." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2234.

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A simple capillary flow porometer (CFP) was assembled for pore structure characterization of monolithic capillary liquid chromatography columns based on ASTM standard F316-86. Determination of differential pressures and flow rates through dry and wet samples provided the necessary information to determine the through-pore throat diameter, bubble point pore diameter, mean flow pore diameter, and pore distribution. Unlike measurements in bulk using traditional techniques to provide indirect information about the pore properties of monolithic columns, monoliths can be characterized in their original chromatographic forms with this system. The performance of the new CFP was first evaluated by characterizing the pore size distributions of capillary columns packed with 3, 5, and 7 µm spherical silica particles. The mean through-pore diameters of the three packed columns were measured to be 0.5, 1.0 and 1.4 µm, which are all smaller than the pore diameters calculated from a close-packed arrangement (i.e., 0.7, 1.1 and 1.6 µm), with distributions ranging from 0.1 - 0.7, 0.3 - 1.1 and 0.4 - 2.6 µm, respectively. This is reasonable, since visual inspection of SEM images of the particles showed relatively large fractions of smaller than specified particles in the samples. Typical silica monoliths were fabricated via phase separation by polymerization of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The mean pore diameter and pore size distribution measured using the CFP system verified that a greater number of pores with small throat diameters were prepared in columns with higher PEG content in the prepolymer mixture. SEM images also showed that the pore diameters of monoliths fabricated in bulk were found to be smaller than those in monoliths synthesized by the same procedure, but confined in capillary tubes. The CFP system was also used to study the effects of column inner diameter and length on pore properties of polymeric monoliths. Typical monoliths based on butyl methacrylate (BMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) in capillary columns with different inner diameters (i.e., 50 to 250 µm) and lengths (i.e., 1.5 to 3.0 cm) were characterized. The mean pore diameters and the pore size distributions indicated that varying the inner diameter and/or the length of the column affected little the pore properties. The latter finding is especially important to substantiate the use of CFP for determination of monolithic pore structures in capillaries. The results indicate that the through-pores are highly interconnected and, therefore, pore structure determinations by CFP are independent of capillary length. A negatively charged polymer monolith based on BMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) and 2-acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer (AMPS), was successfully prepared in silica sacrificial layer, planar (SLP) microchannels. Extraction of FITC (fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate) labeled phenylalanine and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) of FITC labeled glycine using this monolithic stationary phase were demonstrated.

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Bergman, Niclas. "Characterization of strenght vaiability for reliability-based design of lime-cement columns." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98816.

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Adem, Seid Muhie. "DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STABILIZED PHOSPHOLIPID COATINGS FOR OPEN TUBULAR AND PACKED CAPILLARY SEPARATIONS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204067.

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Phosphorylcholine (PC) based phospholipid bilayers have been explored as coating materials for various substrates due to their inherent resistance to non-specific protein adsorption. Phospholipids have been used for coatings in capillary electrophoresis (CE) to suppress electroosmotic flow (EOF) and to obtain better separation of proteins. Here, a series of investigations geared towards developing highly stable phospholipid based biomimetic stationary phases for chromatographic separations was performed.Fluid phospholipid bilayers lack the desired chemical and physical stability to serve as long-term coatings. In this work, highly stable phospholipid coatings generated via crosslinking polymerization of bis-SorbPC monomers were investigated. Reproducible EOF and migration times for model proteins were obtained for coated capillaries that were kept at room temperature for up to two months. Furthermore, the effects of surfactants, pH and capillary inner diameter (i.d.) on the stability of the lipid coating were investigated.In an alternate approach, stabilized phospholipid coatings for capillary electrophoresis were investigated via formation of hybrid monolayers. The capillary surface was chemically modified with a cyano group followed by deposition of phospholipid monomers. In this approach, marked enhancements in coating stability were attained with commercially available reagents. The hybrid coating was utilized for protein separations and gave efficiencies comparable to non-stabilized lipid coated capillaries.Fused silica capillaries were modified with phospholipid bilayers that were chemically tuned to introduce specific affinity binding agents, while minimizing nonspecific protein adsorption to the capillary wall. The wall of fused silica was functionalized with DOGS-NTA-Ni2+ lipid to present binding sites inside the capillary for 6xHis-tagged proteins. Fluorescence microscopy and changes in electrophoretic mobility were used to follow the interaction of the model proteins with the functionalized silica surface.The structural similarity of lipid vesicles to cell membranes made them attractive in developing stationary phases for both liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis to study interactions between analytes and phospholipid membranes. Stabilized PLB coated silica microspheres were prepared via polymerization of lipid monomers and displayed enhanced stability to extended storage and organic solvent. These highly stable microspheres, while minimizing nonspecific protein adsorption, were also functionalized with DOGS-NTA-Ni2+ and effectively bind 6xHis-EGFP proteins.

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Denchitcharoen, Somyod. "Nanofabrication and characterization of high density nanostructures and QDs using ni annealing and anodic porous alumina methods." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516956.

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Hara, Takeshi [Verfasser]. "Study on preparation and characterization of monolithic silica capillary columns for high separation efficiency in high performance liquid chromatography / Takeshi Hara." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1064991351/34.

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Beach, Robert A. McGill T. C. "Column III nitride growth, characterization and devices /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2001. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11212003-141821.

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Liu, Guangdong. "Urban Watershed Characterization: Dry Run Columbus, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345129567.

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Davis, Van Leslie. "Characterization and scale-up of microbubble generation in column flotation." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040658/.

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Books on the topic "Characterization of the columns"

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Garcia, Ramiro Escudero. Characterization of rigid spargers and their selection for flotation columns. [s.l: s.n.]., 1998.

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Canadian Society of Civil Engineers., ed. Columns. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Selected columns. New Delhi: Srishti Publishers & Distributors, 2004.

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Rebel columns. Belfast: Beyond the Pale Publications, 2004.

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Tomas, P. A. Sto. Selected columns. Makati City, Philippines: Patricia A. Sto. Tomas, 2009.

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Du Bois, W. E. B. Newspaper columns. White Plains, N.Y: Kraus-Thomson Organization, 1986.

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Adams, Phillip. Classic columns. Sydney, NSW: ABC Books for the Australian Broadcasting Corp., 1994.

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Michael, Frayn. Collected columns. London: Methuen, 2007.

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Pérez Campos, Ramiro, Antonio Contreras Cuevas, and Rodrigo Esparza Muñoz, eds. Materials Characterization. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15204-2.

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Craver, Clara D., and Theodore Provder, eds. Polymer Characterization. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1990-0227.

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Book chapters on the topic "Characterization of the columns"

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Cangioli, Filippo, Steven Chatterton, Paolo Pennacchi, and Edoardo Sabbioni. "Dynamic Characterization of Milling Plant Columns." In Rotating Machinery, Hybrid Test Methods, Vibro-Acoustics & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 8, 311–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30084-9_29.

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Parma, Petr, Alena Ševců, and Miroslav Černík. "Tool I: Characterization of nZVI Mobility in 1D and Cascade Columns by Ferromagnetic Susceptibility Sensor." In Advanced Nano-Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment, 609–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29840-1_30.

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Espinosa-Solares, Teodoro, Marcos Morales-Contreras, Fabián Robles-Martínez, Melvin García-Nazariega, and Consuelo Lobato-Calleros. "Hydrodynamic Characterization of a Column-type Prototype Bioreactor." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 501–10. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-526-2_47.

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Lee, Sang Hoon, Mostafa Maazouz, Liang Zhang, Mauricio Gordillo, Micah Ledoux, and Jeff Blackwood. "Advanced Ion Column Solution for Low Ion Damage Characterization and Ultra-Fine Process." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2017, 537–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_58.

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Trappe, H., C. Hellmich, J. Knudsen, and H. Baartman. "Mapping the Gas Column in an Aquifer Gas Storage with Neural Network Techniques." In Soft Computing for Reservoir Characterization and Modeling, 57–71. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1807-9_4.

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Li, Qianjin, and Zhen Liu. "Preparation and Characterization of Fluorophenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Affinity Monolithic Columns for the Selective Enrichment of cis-Diol-Containing Biomolecules." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 159–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2447-9_13.

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Flores Badillo, Javier, Juan Hernández Ávila, Isauro Rivera Landero, María Isabel Reyes Valderrama, Eduardo Cerecedo Sáenz, Martín Reyes Pérez, Eleazar Salinas Rodríguez, and Mauricio Guerrero Rodríguez. "Study of the Effect of Surface Liquid Flow During Column Flotation of Mining Tailing of the Dos Carlos Dam." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2017, 787–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_86.

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Uchikoshi, Masahito, Kouji Mimura, and Minoru Isshiki. "Anion-Exchange Separation of Zr from Hf using Multi-Column Method." In T.T. Chen Honorary Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Electrometallurgy and Materials Characterization, 303–14. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364833.ch27.

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Nakatsuka, Takeshi, Ayako Hosokawa, Nobuhiko Handa, Eiji Matsumoto, and Toshiyuki Masuzawa. "14C Budget of Sinking Particulate Organic Matter in the Japan Trench: A New Approach to Estimate the Contribution from Resuspended Particles in Deep Water Column." In Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter, 169–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1319-1_8.

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Verdebout, J., and C. Koechler. "Technical Description and Simulation Experiments for Oil Fingerprinting and Water Column Characterization." In Laser in der Umweltmeßtechnik / Laser in Remote Sensing, 46–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50980-3_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Characterization of the columns"

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Culpepper, Martin L., and Spencer Szczesny. "Design of a Compliant Revolute Mechanism for Accurate Dynamic Characterization of Automotive Steering Columns." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57608.

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It is difficult to obtain accurate measurements of the dynamic characteristics exhibited by automotive steering columns. The difficulties are due in-part to the use of lubricated contact bearings which support the column during testing. These bearings introduce damping, hysteresis, non-linear stiffness and clearance/preloaded constraints on the column. These error sources then mask the true dynamic behavior of the column, thereby preventing a better understanding of the relationship between column design, manufacturing tolerances and column vibration. With this paper, we introduce the concept of a revolute compliant mechanism that can be used in place of contact bearings to support steering columns during dynamic tests. These mechanisms do not exhibit the non-linear damping/stiffness and non-repeatable errors found in contact bearings. As a result, they can be used to design equipment that is capable of taking test data which matches theoretical predictions to within 2%. Experimental results obtained with this equipment suggest (more study is needed to confirm this) that manufacturing errors may be responsible for up to 20–30% error in predicting vibration amplitudes of components within the column, but only 2% error in predicting steering wheel vibration amplitude. Understanding this tolerance-response relationship (via this test equipment) is a necessary first step in understanding and eliminating steering wheel nibble vibrations.

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Toxopeus, Kira, and Kamran Siddiqui. "Turbulent Flow Characteristics Over Offset Wall Confined Columns in a Channel at Low Reynolds Numbers." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83519.

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The current study is focused on the flow through offset, wall confined vertical inserts in a channel. The columns are intended to act as the thermal storage media, which continuously exchange heat with the channel fluid to regulate it thermally. These columns could, for example, be filled with a phase change material (PCM) for passive thermal regulation, or have hot or cold fluid pumped through them for active thermal regulation. The current study has two parts: (1) the flow characterization without heat transfer, and (2) flow characterization during thermal exchange with a PCM used for regulation of bulk fluid temperature. The work presented here is focused only on the first part of the study. The experiments were conducted in a narrow channel, with water as the working fluid. Two geometries of the vertical columns (circular and square) and two offset lengths were considered. For each configuration, experiments were conducted at Reynolds numbers of 20, 50 and 90 (based of the column’s characteristic length). Particle image velocimetry was used to measure the two-dimensional velocity field in a horizontal plane at multiple regions of interest along the length of the channel to characterize the flow passing over columns. The results indicate vortex shedding at the two higher Reynolds numbers. The generation, magnitude and decay rate of turbulent energy is shown to have an offset dependency at Re = 90, but a column shape dependency at Re = 50. The mean flow has a shape dependency due to the difference in separation point over the square and circular columns.

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Burgueño, Rigoberto, and Frieder Seible. "Development and Structural Characterization of CFRP / Concrete Composite Columns." In Structures Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40558(2001)146.

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Hudyma, N., N. Walker, and B. Chittoori. "Mapping and Characterization of Rockfall Runout Talus Deposits from Columnar Basalt Cliffs in Boise, ID." In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-2071.

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ABSTRACT: The Boise Valley contains several columnar jointed basalt cliffs, which were deposited approximately 1.4 to 0.5 Ma on terraces formed by downcutting of the Boise River. Three runout talus deposits on Whitney Terrace were characterized using unmanned aerial vehicle visual imagery. Although the runout talus deposits were from different areas and were of varying size, they contained roughly the same dimensions and distributions of blocks. Images of the cliff face indicated that blocks were detached from the base of columns along horizontal discontinuities which lacked support (undercut columns) and by toppling of basalt columns. The mapped block sizes in the cliff face were larger than the blocks in the associated runout, indicating the cliff blocks were fragmented during impacts in the runout. 1. INTRODUCTION The movement of geologic materials downslope, commonly referred to as landslides, is one of the most well-known geologic hazards. Varnes (1978) developed the most widely used classification framework for landslides. Since the Varnes classification scheme was developed, various modifications have been proposed and adopted. Still, the goal is to be able to describe the movement(s) and the end result(s) of the landslide using well-known terminology which incorporates the focus of the investigators (Hungr et al., 2014). Our focus is to characterize the runout talus deposits formed from the dislodgement and subsequent downslope movement of rock blocks from columnar basalt cliffs. Columnar basalt, or specifically columnar jointing in basalt, is a type of rock mass that is divided into long prismatic blocks. The formation of the jointing is complex and thought to be a series of events rather than simple cooling of the lava. The vertical discontinuities are continuous and horizontal discontinuities are less prominent and generally end at the edges of the vertical discontinuities (Spry, 1962). Failures of rock masses with columnar jointing have been studied in several geographical locations, including Australia (Dahlhaus and Miner, 2000), Chile (Holm and Jakob, 2009), Spain (Abellán et al., 2011), and Washington State (Guzek, 2019). The failure mechanism most often reported in these studies has been the somewhat generic term "rockfall", even though the studies mentioned above have shown that two failure (detachment) modes occur, rockfalls and rock topples.

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Spinhirne, N., D. Hirschfeld, A. Hall, and J. McCloskey. "The Development and Characterization of Novel Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Coatings Deposited by Very Low Pressure Plasma Spray." In ITSC2009, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2009p0750.

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Abstract In this investigation, very low pressure plasma spraying (VLPPS) was used to produce yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings through both liquid and vapor deposition. Coatings created by liquid deposition were found to have a microstructure consisting of dense splats, while vapor-deposited layers exhibited a columnar structure similar to coatings produced by e-beam PVD. Columnar microstructure formation was dependent on substrate temperature and vapor flux continuity. Clear evidence of competitive crystal growth was observed in well-defined columnar coatings. Microstructures consisting of layers of splats and columns were also observed.

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Doody, Christopher B., Robert D. White, Jaspreet S. Wadhwa, and David F. Lemmerhirt. "Characterization and Modeling of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers for Diagnostic Ultrasound." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67861.

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This paper describes the characterization and modeling of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs). Computational models of the transducers were produced through the combined use of finite element analysis (FEA) and lumped element modeling. Frequency response plots were generated for both transducers in air and water environments. Through the use of laser Doppler velocimetry, transient step response and frequency sweep tests were performed on single array elements. These measurements are compared to the predicted results represented in the models. The computational results for both coupled and uncoupled arrays are compared, and show a significant increase in the array bandwidth due to coupling. Frequency sweep tests were also performed on column array elements, and results were compared between driven and adjacent, non-driven columns.

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Oliveira, V., and R. Vilar. "Characterization of columns grown during KrF laser micromachining of Al2O3-TiC ceramics." In ICALEO® 2001: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Conference and Laser Microfabrication Conference. Laser Institute of America, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5059860.

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Shafiei Dizaji, Mehrdad, and Devin Harris. "3D InspectionNet: a deep 3D convolutional neural networks based approach for 3D defect detection on concrete columns." In Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, Civil Infrastructure, and Transportation XIII, edited by Andrew L. Gyekenyesi. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2514387.

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PEERSCHKE, E. IB, and B. Ghebrehiwet. "CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN PLATELET ClQ BINDING SITES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643503.

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We have recently shown that platelets possess specific binding sites for Clq, a subcomponent of the first component of complement, Cl, and that occupancy of these receptor sites correlates with the previously described inhibitory effect of Clq on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. To further characterize platelet Clq receptors, washed platelets were solubilized in 5 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 containing 10 mM EDTA, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM EACA, 0.5 mM PMSF, and 1% Triton X-100. After dialysis against 5 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.5 containing 10 mM EDTA, 20 mM NaCl, 10 mM EACA,0.5 mM PMSF and 0.1% Triton X-100, the lysate was passed over Clq-Sepharose-4B affinity columns. A single protein peak eluted with buffer containing 300 mM NaCl. This peak was composed of two predominant molecular weight species (85-95K, 60-66K) as assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions. When 125-iodine surface labeled platelets were solubilized and applied to Clq-Sepharose affinity resins, the same two molecular weight species eluted and could be visualized by autoradiography following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoabsorption studies performed under nondenaturing conditions using protein A and the IIl/Dl monoclonal antibody, which binds specifically to platelets and inhibits platelet-Clq interactions, revealed that the 85-95K molecular weight component was preferentially absorbed, but incomplete immunoabsorption of the 60-66K molecular weight constituent was also noted. Affinity purified Clq binding sites sedimented as a single peak during 5-40% sucrose density ultracentrifugation with an S value of approximately 2.4. In addition, both the 85-95K and the 60-66K molecular weight species coeluted in the void volume of Sephadex G-100 columns. The data suggest that the 85-95K and 60-66K molecular weight species represent platelet membrane Clq binding sites, and that these sites may form weak, noncovalently associated complexes.

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Kimura, M., T. Sueyoshi, T. Morita, K. Tanaka, and S. Iwanaga. "ORNITHO-KININOGEN: ITS ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644332.

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In mammals, three kinds of kininogens, high-Mr kininogen, low-Mr kininogen and T-kininogen, are known and their structures and functions have been well studied. However, little is known about non-mammalian kininogens and their existence has been known only by the release of plasma kinins. In 1966, Werle et al. reported that an ornitho-kinin liberated by tissue kallikrein from chicken, plasma differs;from mammalian kinins in its amino acid composition. Since that, there is no report about the structure of ornitho-kinin.In this study, ornitho-kininogen was isolated from chicken plasma by two steps with S-alkylated papain affinity and DEAE-5PW columns. The yield was 1.7 mg from 44 ml of plasma. The purified material gave a single band on SDS-PAGE with or without 2-mercaptoethanoL and on disc-PAGE, and the molecular weight was estimated to be 74,000 on SDS-PAGE by Ferguson plot. Ornitho-kininogen seemed to belong to mammalian high-Mr kininogen, based on the amino acid composition, and the molecular weight, and no kininogen corresponding to low-Mr kininogen and T kininogen was found in chicken plasma. In fact, ornitho-kininogen was degraded rapidly by bovine plasma kallikrein, liberating an ornitho-kinin, and the resulting kinin was separated by reversed phase HPLC on a column of Cosmosil 5C18-P. The amino acid sequence of ornitho-kinin was established to be Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Thr-Pro-Leu-Arg, in which the composition was different from that reported earlier by Werle et al. This sequence was similar to that of bradykinin but the two substitutions of Thr-6 and Leu-8 for Ser and Phe were found. Ornitho-kinin induced a hypotension on chicken and contracted the isolated smooth muscle. However, it did not any effect on the isolated rat uterus, suggesting that the specificity may be due to replacement of Phe-8 by Leu. The NH2-terminal 30 amino acid residues of ornitho-kininogen exhibited 43 % identity with that of bovine kininogen.

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Reports on the topic "Characterization of the columns"

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MCCABE, DANIEL, and KATHRYN TAYLOR-PASHOW. ROADMAP FOR CHARACTERIZATION NEEDS OF SPENT COLUMNS OF CRYSTALLINE SILICOTITANATE FOR DISPOSITION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1889240.

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Shollenberger, K. A., J. R. Torczynski, N. B. Jackson, and T. J. O`Hern. Experimental characterization of slurry bubble-column reactor hydrodynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/292851.

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Jackson, N. B., J. R. Torczynski, K. A. Shollenberger, T. J. O`Hern, and D. R. Adkins. Hydrodynamic characterization of slurry bubble-column reactors for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/266646.

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Phinney, David A., and Charles S. Yentsch. Environmental Characterization of Mine Countermeasure Test Ranges: Hydrography and Water Column Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada623772.

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Phinney, David A., and Charles S. Yentsch. Environmental Characterization of Mine Countermeasure Test Ranges: Hydrography and Water Column Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626470.

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Stanton, Timothy K. Characterization of Non-Rayleigh Acoustic Scattering by Elongated Scatterers in the Water Column and on Boundaries. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada571185.

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Ramuhalli, Pradeep, Morris S. Good, Aaron A. Diaz, Michael T. Anderson, Bruce E. Watson, Timothy J. Peters, Mukul Dixit, and Leonard J. Bond. Ultrasonic Characterization of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Microstructure: Discrimination between Equiaxed- and Columnar-Grain Material ? An Interim Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/967235.

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Trautschold, Olivia Carol, and Nicholas Gerardo Parra-Vasquez. Additive Manufacturing: Bio-Compatible Fungal Columns. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1483487.

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de Bruijn, T. J. W., I. G. Reilly, D. MacIntyre, and D. S. Scott. Exit discontinuity in slurry bubble columns. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304365.

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Carinci, Craig A., and Grant T. Halvorsen. Tie Requirements for Prestressed Concrete Columns. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pci.rr.comp-024.

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